About the Contributors

Susan L. Ames is a research associate at suffered injury to the ventromedial sector

the Transdisciplinary Substance Abuse of their prefrontal cortex. His more recent
Prevention Research Center at the Institute research aims at integrating decision neuro-
for Health Promotion and Disease Preven- science with research in mental health, specif-
tion Research, Keck School of Medicine, ically substance addiction.
University of Southern California. Her Kent C. Berridge is a professor in the
research emphasis is on the mediation of Department of Psychology at the University
implicit processes and competing social, per- of Michigan. His research interests span top-
sonality, and cultural constructs in the etiol- ics in affective neuroscience and hedonic
ogy and prevention of risk behaviors among psychology: emotion and motivation, brain
at-risk youth and adults. Her research systems for reward-liking and -wanting, neuro-
focuses on new assessments and prediction biology of pleasure, addiction, appetite, fear
models of substance abuse as well as harm and stress and several other biopsychology top-
reduction strategies for addictive behaviors. ics, executive brain systems of action syntax,
Additional interests include neurobiological behavioral command systems, cognitive neuro-
systems and brain structures associated with science, and animal neuroethology.
implicit processes and addictive behaviors.
Cheryl D. Birch is a doctoral student in clin-
Timothy B. Baker is a professor of psychology ical psychology at Dalhousie University in
at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Her disserta-
the director of research at the Center for tion research, supervised by Dr. Sherry
Tobacco Research and Intervention in the Stewart, concerns the impact of emotions
University of Wisconsin Medical School. In and drinking motives on alcohol cognition
addition, he is currently the editor of the and consumption behavior.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Dr. Baker
Jan Booij (MD, PhD) is a nuclear medicine
conducts research on the motivational mecha-
physician and works as a staff member at
nisms of addiction, and on psychosocial and
the Department of Nuclear Medicine at the
pharmacologic treatments for addictive disor-
Academic Medical Center of the University of
ders, especially tobacco dependence.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands. He is involved
Antoine Bechara is an associate professor in preclinical as well as clinical research
of neurology at the University of Iowa on neuroreceptor imaging with SPECT,
Hospitals and Clinics. His research focuses with a special interest in disturbances of the
on understanding the neural processes under- central dopaminergic neurotransmission
lying how we make decisions and choices. system in parkinsonism, schizophrenia, and
He is known for his development of what addiction. In addition, he participates in
became known as the Iowa Gambling Task large research projects on the possible neu-
(IGT), and for his studies of the decision- rotoxicity of ecstasy on the serotonergic
making capabilities of patients who have system.

541
542 HANDBOOK OF IMPLICIT COGNITION AND ADDICTION

Brendan P. Bradley is a professor of clinical Kate Coronges is a graduate research assis-

psychology research and a director of the tant at the Institute for Prevention Research
Centre for the Study of Emotion and at the University of Southern California. Her
Motivation at the University of Southampton, main research interest is in the interaction
United Kingdom. He previously held aca- between social and cognitive domains. She is
demic posts in the Department of Experimen- currently involved with projects applying
tal Psychology, University of Cambridge, and social network analysis to theories of infor-
the Institute of Psychiatry, London. He is joint mation processing.
editor of the British Journal of Clinical
Kenny Coventry is a reader in cognitive
Psychology and consulting editor of Emotion.
science at the University of Plymouth, United
His research is primarily concerned with
Kingdom. He has had a long-standing inter-
applying theoretical models and experi-
est in why some gamblers lose control of
mental methods from the fields of cognitive
their gambling behavior. In particular, he is
psychology and neuroscience to the study of
interested in the role of decision making and
addiction and emotional disorders, with a par-
its relationship with dissociation and arousal
ticular interest in anxiety and depression.
during the gambling process.
Gillian Bruce was awarded an MA with hon- W. Miles Cox is professor of psychology of
ors in psychology in 2001 from the University addictive behaviours, School of Psychology,
of Glasgow, Scotland. She subsequently com- University of Wales, Bangor, United Kingdom.
pleted an MSc in research methods in psycho- He is the founding editor of Psychology of
logical science and currently holds an Addictive Behaviors (American Psychological
Economic and Social Research Council Association [APA]) and past president of the
Postgraduate Studentship in the Psychology APA Division on Addictions. His research
Department at the University of Glasgow. She and clinical activities focus on the interplay
is interested in the study of eye movements in between drinkers incentives in other life areas
relation to selective attention toward alcohol- and their motivation to drink alcohol. A fellow
related stimuli. in the American Psychological Association and
a charter fellow in the American Psychological
Mark Conner is a reader in applied social Society, Cox is the author of more than 100
psychology at the Institute of Psychological publications, and the editor of four books.
Sciences, Leeds University, United Kingdom.
His research interests include attitude-behav- Eveline A. Crone is an assistant professor
ior models, and the social psychology of of developmental psychology at Leiden
health behaviors. He has published widely in University in The Netherlands. Her research
these areas. focuses on neurocognitive development of
control and self-regulation. She has developed
Patricia J. Conrod is a clinical lecturer and child-friendly tasks based on the neuropsy-
Action on Addiction fellow at the National chological and cognitive literature (e.g., the
Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Hungry Donkey Task, a child-version of the
Kings College, London. Her research interests Iowa Gambling Task). To augment perfor-
focus on biological and psychological approa- mance measures that are associated with
ches to personality in relation to the etiology of self-regulation, she uses heart rate and skin
addictive behaviors, ranging from laboratory conductance measures as indices of autonomic
experimental studies to studies of targeted arousal, and neuroimaging techniques (fMRI)
intervention and prevention. in children and adults.
 About the Contributors 543

John J. Curtin is an assistant professor in versus controlled cognitive processes in the

the Psychology Department at the University origin and maintenance of various forms of
of Wisconsin-Madison. Dr. Curtin completed psychopathology including anxiety disorders,
his undergraduate and graduate training at eating disorders, and addiction.
Johns Hopkins and Florida State Universities,
Roland Deutsch is currently a postdoctoral
respectively. He also completed a predoctoral
researcher at the Ohio State University.
clinical internship at Brown University. His
In 2003, he received his PhD in social psy-
research examines the contributions of affec-
chology from the University of Wrzburg,
tive and cognitive processes to alcohol and
Germany. His research is focused on evalua-
drug use, abuse, and dependence. His work
tive learning, automatic evaluation, and the
draws heavily on current research in clinical
automatization of social-cognitive skills. In
psychology and cognitive and affective neuro-
collaboration with Fritz Strack, he has devel-
science.
oped a dual-system model of social cognition
Jack Darkes is a clinical psychologist and and behavior.
the associate director of the Alcohol and
Substance Use Research Institute at the Jonathan St. B. T. Evans is professor of
University of South Florida. He has published cognitive psychology at the University of
numerous articles and book chapters on the Plymouth, United Kingdom. Since the early
application of expectancy theory to substance 1970s, he has conducted a major research
use. His specific areas of interest are the program into thinking, reasoning, and deci-
mediational role of expectancies, the design sion making. He has over 150 scientific
and testing of expectancy theorybased publications, which include numerous exper-
strategies for behavior change, and the imental studies of reasoning and judgment.
role of expectancy in postconsumption He has made particular study of cognitive
behavior. Dr. Darkes also serves as an assistant biases and established some of the major phe-
editor for the journal Addiction and on the nomena. He has also been one of the major
editorial board of Psychology of Addictive authors contributing to the development of
Behaviors. contemporary dual-process theories of think-
ing and reasoning.
Jan De Houwer is professor of psychology
at Ghent University in Belgium. Before Javad S. Fadardi is assistant professor of psy-
that, he was a lecturer at the University chology at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,
of Southampton, United Kingdom, and Iran. His research interests are linked to moti-
obtained his PhD at the University of Leuven vational bases of implicit cognitive processes
in Belgium. His main research interests are involved in various types of psychopathology
automatic affective processing and human and health behaviors. He completed his BA and
associative learning, including the learning MA studies in clinical and health psychology in
of preferences. One of his main contributions Iran, and his PhD and postdoctoral studies in
to research on automatic affective processing the United Kingdom. He is a member of the
has been the development of the Extrinsic Iranian Psychological Association and has pub-
Affective Simon Task (EAST). lished several articles and books in both Persian
and English.
Peter J. de Jong is professor of experimen-
tal psychopathology at the University of Matt Field is a lecturer in psychology at
Groningen, The Netherlands. The main focus the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
of his research is on the role of automatic He is a member of the British Association
544 HANDBOOK OF IMPLICIT COGNITION AND ADDICTION

for Psychopharmacology and his research Institute at University of South Florida

interests include cognitive and learning (USF). He received his PhD in January 1972
mechanisms in substance abuse and addic- from Rutgers University, and has been on the
tion. He obtained his DPhil from the faculty at Wayne State University (19731985)
University of Sussex in 2001 while under the and USF (since 1985). He is a Fellow of
supervision of Professor Theodora Duka, Divisions 3, 6, 12, 28, and 50, and a member
and he subsequently worked as a research of Division 40 of the American Psychological
fellow at the University of Southampton Association. In 1992, he received a MERIT
with Professors Karin Mogg and Brendan Award from the NIAAA.
P. Bradley.
Abby L. Goldstein is currently an intern at the
Mark T. Fillmore is an associate professor Brown University Clinical Psychology Training
of psychology at the University of Kentucky. Consortium and is completing her PhD at
His research examines how acute drug effects York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
on basic cognitive and behavioral processes Ms. Goldsteins research interests include the
play a role in the development of substance cognitive and behavioral choice mechanisms
abuse and drug addiction. His work com- underlying alcohol use and the development
bines measures of cognitive functions with and evaluation of brief interventions for sub-
conventional assessments of drug-abuse stance abuse and violence.
liability in studies of individuals with and
without histories of drug abuse. He has pub- Jerry L. Grenard is a graduate research assis-
lished extensively in the substance-abuse field tant at the Institute for Health Promotion
and is an active member of several societies, and Disease Prevention Research at the
including the American Psychological Associ- University of Southern California. His spe-
ation and the College on Problems of Drug cific interest is in memory associations and
Dependence. implicit cognition as applied to drug-abuse
prevention among adolescents.
Ingmar H. A. Franken is assistant professor
at the Institute of Psychology of the Erasmus Dirk Hermans is a professor of psychology
University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. He at the Center for the Psychology of Learn-
trained as a clinical psychologist at Maastricht ing and Experimental Psychopathology,
University. He completed his doctorate on Department of Psychology, University of
cognitive and psychopharmacological mech- Leuven, Belgium. His research work focuses
anisms of drug craving at the Faculty of on associative and memory processes and
Medicine of the University of Amsterdam. their impact on the etiology and mainten-
His major research interest is the role of ance of emotional disorders (anxiety and
the reward system in psychopathology and depression).
personality. More specific topics include
Katrijn Houben is currently finishing her
addiction, psychopharmacology and psycho-
PhD at the University of Maastricht, The
physiology of reward, and reward-based deci-
Netherlands, under the supervision of
sion making.
Dr. Reinout Wiers. The main focus of her
Mark S. Goldman is associate director project was investigating the role of implicit
of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and explicit cognitions in the etiology and
and Alcoholism (NIAAA), and Distinguished maintenance of addictive behaviors (primar-
Research Professor and director of the ily alcohol addiction). During this period, she
Alcohol and Substance Use Research mainly concentrated on the value of implicit
 About the Contributors 545

techniques to assess alcohol-related cogni- Psychological Society, Klinger is the author of

tions. Her research interests include further more than 100 publications, including four
development and validation of implicit mea- books.
surement techniques that can be applied in
addiction research and studying models of Barbara J. Knowlton received her BA in
addiction etiology. psychology in 1984 from Johns Hopkins
University, where she was awarded the
Barry T. Joness undergraduate and post- G. Stanley Hall prize. She received her PhD
graduate degrees were awarded by Durham in neuroscience from Stanford University in
and Edinburgh Universities in the United 1990. In 1995, she was appointed assistant
Kingdom. His early research was in the area professor in the University of California, Los
of rat and monkey vision and his first faculty Angeles, Psychology Department and was
appointment was as lecturer in psychology promoted to associate professor with tenure
at St. Andrews University in Scotland. He in 2001. Since 2004, Her current research
was subsequently given a personal chair in focuses on memory systems in the brain.
psychology at Glasgow University, also in Specific projects include functional neu-
Scotland, where he currently remains. After roimaging studies of implicit, or unconscious,
a midcareer shift in research interests to learning and neuroimaging studies of the
modeling clinical decision making in the encoding and retrieval of episodic memories.
mental health sector, he now researches
the cognitions of the clients themselves Marvin D. Krank is dean of graduate studies
particularly in relation to alcohol, cannabis, and professor of psychology at the
and sleep problems. University of British Columbia Okanagan,
Merel Kindt is professor of experimental clin- Canada. Dr. Kranks research focuses on the
ical psychology at the University of role of learning and cognition in substance
Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Her research abuse. His past work includes studies of
focuses on experimental models of anxiety learning and drug tolerance, models of
disorders such as Posttraumatic Stress Dis- addiction, and adolescent substance-use ini-
order and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, tiation. With colleagues, including Anne-
information-processing and anxiety disorders, Marie Wall and Abby Goldstein, he recently
emotional memory, and mechanisms of completed data collection for the Project on
change to reduce emotional disorders. Adolescent Trajectories and Health (PATH).
PATH is a 3-year longitudinal study of the
Eric Klinger is professor of psychology at social and cognitive antecedents of adoles-
the University of Minnesota, Morris and cent risk-taking behaviors and their health
(adjunct) Minneapolis. His research activities consequences.
focus on motivational processes, especially as
these and emotional processes influence Rebecca J. Lawton is senior lecturer in health
attention, recall, and the content of thoughts psychology at the Institute of Psychological
and dreams. He has contributed to basic the- Sciences, University of Leeds in the United
ory of motivation and its extension to sub- Kingdom. Lawton is also a chartered health
stance use, treatment of alcoholism, and psychologist. Her research interests include
depression. A fellow of the American Asso- understanding and predicting risky health
ciation for the Advancement of Science and and safety behaviors. She has published
of the American Psychological Association, widely in this area in both mainstream and
and a charter fellow of the American applied journals. She has also held grants
546 HANDBOOK OF IMPLICIT COGNITION AND ADDICTION

funded by the Economic and Social Research Karin Mogg is a professor of psychology
Council, the National Health Service at the University of Southampton, United
Regional, and the Department of Health. Kingdom, and a director of the Centre for the
Study of Emotion and Motivation. Her main
G. Alan Marlatt is professor of psychology research interests concern cognitive proces-
and director of the Addictive Behaviors ses in emotional disorders and addiction,
Research Center at the University of and her work is largely supported by
Washington. He received his PhD in clinical the Wellcome Trust. Recent awards and
psychology from Indiana University in 1968. appointments include Wellcome Senior
After serving on the faculties of the University Research Fellow, editor of the British Journal
of British Columbia, Canada (19681969), of Clinical Psychology, and consulting editor
and the University of Wisconsin (19691972), for the Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
he joined the University of Washington fac- Previously, she worked in the Department
ulty in the fall of 1972. His major focus in of Experimental Psychology, University of
both research and clinical work is the field of Cambridge, and also in London (Guys and
addictive behaviors. St. Georges Hospitals) in both clinical and
research settings.
Danielle E. McCarthy is a clinical psychology
PhD candidate working under the super- Ronald Mucha is an addiction scientist living
vision of Timothy Baker, PhD, at the in Stuttgart, Germany, with research based
University of WisconsinMadison. She has in the Department of Psychology, University
been awarded pilot research grants to study of Wrzburg. Trained in physiological psy-
the effects of nicotine dependence, nicotine chology and learning at the University of
abstinence, and stress on attention and to British Columbia and in behavioral phar-
explore the feasibility of an intensive treat- macology and addiction at the University
ment for smokers adapted from exposure of Toronto, he has conducted systematic
and response prevention treatments for anx- research on drug dependence using exper-
iety. She also conducts research exploring imental models ranging from isolated tissue
smoking-cessation treatment mediation and out of the guinea pig, to rats in Skinner
nicotine-withdrawal dynamics at the Univer- boxes, to schoolchildren learning to smoke.
sity of Wisconsin Medical School Center for His numerous international publications
Tobacco Research and Intervention. reflect a specific interest in adaptation and
learning produced by substances of abuse
Cathy L. McEvoy is a professor of aging stud-
and how these modulate the risk of future
ies at the University of South Florida. Her
drug consumption. He teaches courses on
research focuses on memory and aging,
these topics at the University of Wrzburg
emphasizing how individuals use preexisting
and at the Institute of Medical Psychology,
knowledge to augment age-related declines in
University of Tbingen.
memory for recently experienced information.
Normal aging is marked by decrements in Douglas L. Nelson is a Distinguished
ability to recall recent experiences, while main- Research Professor in the Department of
taining relatively stable knowledge and vocab- Psychology at the University of South Florida.
ulary, and Dr. McEvoys research suggests that His research focuses on memory and cogni-
this stable knowledge becomes critical to tion, with a specific emphasis on the influence
remembering recent events as people age. of preexisting knowledge on the recall and
Other research has focused on knowledge uti- recognition of recently experienced informa-
lization in deaf and hearing-impaired adults. tion. This work is formalized in a model of
 About the Contributors 547

cued recall and recognition called PIER, for interests include anxiety disorders, affec-
Processing Implicit and Explicit Representa- tive disorders, somatoform disorders, and
tions. This model has been applied to under- addiction as well as emotional influences on
stand the influences of substance abuse, cognitive processes.
aging, and deafness on memory.
Megan E. Piper is a doctoral candidate in
Xavier Noel is currently a research assistant the clinical psychology program at the
and clinical psychologist at the Clinic of University of Wisconsin. She has been work-
Addictions of the Brugmann University hos- ing for the University of Wisconsins Center
pital, Brussels, Belgium. He is trained in cog- for Tobacco Research and Intervention since
nitive-behavior therapy and systemic therapy 1999. Pipers main research interests include
and he received his PhD in cognitive psy- defining, measuring, and understanding
chopathology from the University of Lige, tobacco dependence; characterizing the affec-
Belgium. His research is focused on executive tive components of tobacco dependence; and
functioning deficits and cognitive biases that understanding gender differences in tobacco
are involved in the development of depen- dependence. She completed her BA in
dence on alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and chemistry at Carleton College, Minnesota,
the relapse. He is currently exploring the rela- and her MA in clinical psychology at Miami
tionship between inhibition functions, atten- University in Florida.
tional biases, and clinical impulsivity in
Constantine X. Poulos is a senior scientist in
individuals with alcoholism.
the Neuroscience Department at the Center
Brian D. Ostafin received his doctorate in for Addiction and Mental Health and
clinical psychology from Boston University professor of psychology at the University
in 2004. He currently holds a postdoctoral fel- of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His primary
lowship in the Addictive Behaviors Research research interests are behavioral homeostasis
Center at the University of Washington Depart- and drug tolerance, addictions, memory pro-
ment of Psychology. His research interests cesses, and impulsivity.
revolve around the role of automatic affective
Andrew Prestwich is a senior research officer
processes in addictive behavior.
in the Department of Psychology at the
Tibor P. Palfai is an associate professor of University of Essex, United Kingdom. His
psychology at Boston University who studies research interests cover a diverse range of top-
psychological mechanisms underlying health ics within social and health psychology and
behavior change. His research is primarily on include implicit social cognition and health
hazardous/harmful alcohol use among young behavior promotion. Previously he worked in
adults. The goals of this work are to (1) clar- the Department of Experimental Psychology,
ify the influence of cognitive-motivational University of Oxford, as departmental lecturer
factors on alcohol-use patterns, (2) under- in social psychology. He completed his doc-
stand the effects of contextual cues on alcohol- toral thesis on implementation intentions in
related self-regulatory processes, and (3) September 2003.
construct intervention strategies to promote
Richard R. Reich, PhD, is the project coordina-
change in hazardous/harmful drinking.
tor of cognitive assessment at the Alcohol and
Paul Pauli has been professor and chair of Substance Use Research Institute (ASURI) and
biological psychology, clinical psychology, adjunct professor of psychology, University of
and psychotherapy at the University of South Florida. His research examines cognitive
Wrzburg, Germany, since 2001. Research processes involved in alcohol expectancies. His
548 HANDBOOK OF IMPLICIT COGNITION AND ADDICTION

current work investigates contextual factors Dr. Sayette sits on several journal editorial
resulting in alcohol-expectancy activation. He boards and serves, or has served, as associate
has presented his research at several departmen- editor of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology
tal brown-bag and ASURI meetings. Dr. Reich and Psychology of Addictive Behaviors.
has served as a reviewer for several journals in
the alcohol field and he is a current member of Kenneth J. Sher is Curators Professor in
the Research Society on Alcoholism. the Department of Psychological Sciences at
the University of MissouriColumbia, where
Terry E. Robinson received his PhD from he directs the Alcohol Research Training
the University of Western Ontario, Canada, Program and has been conducting research in
and in 1978 he moved to the University the etiology and consequences of alcohol
of Michigan, where he is now the Elliot S. dependence for more than 25 years. He cur-
Valenstein Collegiate Professor of Behavioral rently holds a MERIT award from the
Neuroscience and professor of psychology. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
He is director of the National Institute Alcoholism (NIAAA) and is a member of
on Drug Abuse Training Program in Neuro- NIAAAs National Advisory Council. He is
science at Michigan, and editor-in-chief of a former associate editor of the Journal of
the journal Behavioural Brain Research. Abnormal Psychology and Psychological
Dr. Robinson is known internationally for Bulletin and a past president of the Society
his research concerning the behavioral and for a Science of Clinical Psychology.
neurobiological consequences of repeated drug
use, and the implications of these for addiction. Fren T. Y. Smulders is assistant professor at
the Department of Experimental Psychology,
Anne Roefs is a postdoctoral research fellow Faculty of Psychology, at the University of
at the Department of Experimental Psycho- Maastricht, The Netherlands. He obtained
logy at Maastricht University, The Nether- his PhD at the University of Amsterdam in
lands. Her research is in the field of applied 1993 with a dissertation on the effects of
cognitive psychology. For her PhD dis- aging on information-processing stages
sertation, her research concerned relatively and event-related brain potentials. Present
automatic associations with food in obesity research interests include attention and infor-
and eating disorders. In the next few years, mation processing and their modulation by
her research will be about selective visual emotion and personality.
attention and body image.
Sherry H. Stewart is professor of psychology,
Michael A. Sayette is professor of psycho- psychiatry, and community health and epi-
logy at the University of Pittsburgh, with a demiology at Dalhousie University in Halifax,
secondary appointment as professor of psy- Nova Scotia, Canada. She is currently coordi-
chiatry. His research examines cognitive, nator of the doctoral training program in
affective, and social processes in addiction, clinical psychology at Dalhousie. She has pub-
with an emphasis on tobacco and alcohol. lished more than 100 journal articles, several
His current work investigates (1) contextual book chapters, and one book. She holds
factors affecting the experience of cigarette- a prestigious Investigator Award from the
craving, (2) emotional factors influencing Canadian Institutes of Health Research to
the prediction of future craving states and support her research on different pathways to
recall of past craving states, and (3) effects substance abuse and comorbid mental health
of alcohol on social bonding processes. problems.
 About the Contributors 549

Fritz Strack is professor of psychology at the alcohol and other drugs. Her studies examine
University of Wrzburg, Germany. His the effects of environmental consequences
research interests are in the domains of social of drug-induced behavioral impairment and
judgment, cognition, and emotion. Together ensuing learned expectancies that foster tol-
with Roland Deutsch he has received the erance, as well as factors that alter the inten-
Society for Personality and Social Psychology sity of drug effects on particular cognitive
Theoretical Innovation Prize for their joint processes governing behavior. Her publica-
article Reflective and Impulsive Deter- tions include a book on behavioral tolerance
minants of Social Behavior. He is a former to alcohol and its implications for addiction,
editor of the European Journal of Social as well as numerous book chapters, research
Psychology and holds honorary member- papers, and monographs.
ships in several learned societies.
Anne-Marie Wall is an associate professor
Wim van den Brink is a professor of psychia- in the Department of Psychology at York
try and addiction at the Academic Medical University, Ontario, Canada. Her research
Center at the University of Amsterdam, The focuses on substance use and abuse and its
Netherlands, and director of the Amsterdam overlap with various forms of violence and
Institute for Addiction Research. In the last health-compromising behaviors. Ongoing
decade, his clinical epidemiological interests projects are directed at understanding famil-
have been complemented with biological ial, environmental, societal, and cognitive
research regarding the underlying mechanisms determinants of addictive behaviors and
of addiction and addiction treatment effec- co-occurring maladaptive behavioral patterns.
tiveness. Since 1986, he has been involved in
more than 300 scientific publications and Andrew J. Waters is an assistant professor
more than 30 book chapters. in the Department of Behavioral Science at the
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer
Dinska Van Gucht is a PhD student, funded Center. His research examines cognitive
by the Geoconcerteerde Onderzoeks Actie processes in smoking initiation and smoking
(GOA) that is based on the collaboration of cessation. Dr. Waters conducts laboratory
two research groups in the Department of studies that examine the clinical utility of com-
Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium; the puterized cognitive tasks administered in
Center for the Psychology of Learning and smoking-cessation studies. He also conducts
Experimental Psychopathology; and the studies using handheld computers in an
Research Group for Stress, Health and Well- Ecological Momentary Assessment setting,
Being. The project she is working on focuses on and studies that investigate genetic associa-
Pavlovian conditioning and more specifically tions with cognitive measures.
on extinction and the return of conditioned
responses. She is particularly interested in these Peter Weyers has served as a research associ-
processes with regard to health-related behav- ate in the Department of Psychology,
iors, for instance, smoking. University of Wrzburg, Germany, since
1989. His research interests include emotional
Muriel Vogel-Sprott is Distinguished
facial expressions, addiction, stress and cop-
Professor Emerita and adjunct research
ing, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
professor in the Department of Psychology,
Disorder.
University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Her research focuses broadly on factors that Henry H. Yin is currently a postdoctoral
alter the behavioral and cognitive impact of fellow at the Laboratory for Integrative
550 HANDBOOK OF IMPLICIT COGNITION AND ADDICTION

Neuroscience, National Institute of Alcohol problem drinking. The goal of this research is
Abuse and Addiction. He received his PhD in to advance the development of medications
cognitive neuroscience from the University of for these and other addictive disorders by
California, Los Angeles. His work in graduate examining how specific neurochemical probes
school focused on the role of the striatum influence cognitive processes related to addic-
in the acquisition and performance of goal- tive motivation.
directed actions, and he is currently con-
ducting research on the pharmacological Corien Zijlstra is a PhD student in the
modulation of synaptic transmission and Department of Nuclear Medicine at the
plasticity in the striatum. Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam. In
December 2002, she graduated in neuropsy-
Martin Zack is a scientist in the Neuroscience chology (MSc) from Maastricht University,
Department at the Centre for Addiction and The Netherlands. Currently she is working on
Mental Health and assistant professor of her thesis Dopamine and Opiate Craving in
pharmacology at the University of Toronto, the Human Brain: An Imaging Approach. In
Ontario, Canada. His research focuses on this study, both SPECT and fMRI (3T) are
pharmacological modulation of addiction- used to relate instant and chronic drug-craving
related semantic memory networks. Most of to the d2 receptor density and activity, and
his work deals with problem gambling and brain activity in general.