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    3 Phase Induction Motor Report

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    OPIYO ONYANGO
    The document discusses experiments performed on an induction motor to determine how starting torque and torque-slip curves change with rotor resistance. The experiments measure torque, speed, and current at various rotor resistances. Results are presented in tables showing the effects on torque, speed, and slip with increased rotor resistance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 Phase Induction Motor Report

    Uploaded by

    OPIYO ONYANGO
    688 views5 pages
    The document discusses experiments performed on an induction motor to determine how starting torque and torque-slip curves change with rotor resistance. The experiments measure torque, speed, and current at various rotor resistances. Results are presented in tables showing the effects on torque, speed, and slip with increased rotor resistance.

    Original Description:

    A report describing three phase induction motor

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    The document discusses experiments performed on an induction motor to determine how starting torque and torque-slip curves change with rotor resistance. The experiments measure torque, speed, and current at various rotor resistances. Results are presented in tables showing the effects on torque, speed, and slip with increased rotor resistance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    688 views5 pages

    3 Phase Induction Motor Report

    Uploaded by

    OPIYO ONYANGO
    The document discusses experiments performed on an induction motor to determine how starting torque and torque-slip curves change with rotor resistance. The experiments measure torque, speed, and current at various rotor resistances. Results are presented in tables showing the effects on torque, speed, and slip with increased rotor resistance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    TITLE

    A.C INDUCTION MOTOR

    DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF ROTOR RESISTANCE ON THE TORQUE-SPEED


    CURVE

    OBJECTIVE

    To determine how the starting torque and torque-slip curve change in rotor
    resistance of slip ring type induction motor.

    APPARATUS

    NO EQUIPMENT/INSTRUME RATING/RANGE
    NTS
    1. 3 phase induction motor Rotor C, Rating 0.5H
    50 Hz, 200V, 0.95A,
    1410rpm
    60Hz, 200V,0.9A, 1700rpm
    2. Starter CAP 2.2KW, V 415V
    3. Stroboscope Speed /flashes per minute-
    [300-1500] [1200-6000]
    4. 3 phase induction motor 2.2 KW, 415V, 4.1A, 50Hz,
    1400rpm, 4 poles

    INTRODUCTION

    Motors have been described as a transformer with a rotating secondary. The premise
    for motor operation is that if you can create a rotating magnetic field in the stator of
    the motor, it will induce a voltage in the armature that will have magnetic properties
    causing it to chase the field in the stator. The AC induction motor is a rotating
    electric machine designed to operate from a three-phase source of alternating
    voltage. The stator is a classic three phase induction motor with the winding
    displaced by 120. The three phase motor is widely used in industry because of its
    low maintenance characteristics. Due to the nature of three phase power, creating a
    rotating magnetic field in the stator of this motor is simple and straight forward. The
    stator windings are arranged on the stator poles in a way that results in magnetic
    field lines that seem to rotate. The rotor core is laminated and the conductors often
    consist of uninsulated copper or aluminium bars in semi-enclosed slots, the bars
    being short-circuited at each end by rings or plates to which the bars are brazed or
    welded.

    THEORY

    Starting torque
    Slip refers to the speed of rotor relative to that of rotational flux and can be calculated
    by dividing the frequency of the rotor by the frequency of the supply. At the instant of
    starting, s=1, and it will be seen that with a motor having a low resistance rotor, such as
    the usual type of cage rotor, the starting torque is small compared with the maximum
    torque available. If the bars of the cage rotor are made with sufficiently high resistance
    to give the maximum torque at standstill, the slip for full load torque, usually about one
    third to one half of the maximum torque, would be relatively large and the I 2R loss in the
    rotor winding would be high. This will result to low efficiency and if this load was to be
    maintained for an hour or two, the temperature rise would be excessive and so will the
    variation of speed with load be large.

    Therefore when a motor is required to exert its maximum torque at starting, an extra
    resistance is inserted into the rotor circuit and the resistance is reduced as the motor
    accelerates.

    Speed control by means of external rotor resistors

    For a given input power to the rotor and therefore for a given torque exerted by the
    rotor, the total rotor I2R loss is prorpotional to the slip. Therefore if a motor has a certain
    amount of power transferred from the stator to the rotor when the slip is a particular
    percentage, the total rotor I2R loss and the mechanical power developed by the rotor
    will constitute that total power transferred from the rotor. But if the slip is increased by
    the addition of external resistors in the rotor circuit with the torque developed by the
    rotor remaining constant, the I2R loss in the rotor circuit increases and the mechanical
    power developed by the rotor decreases. Hence the efficiency of the motor has been
    reduced.

    Disadvantages of speed control by external resistors.

    With a large resistance in the rotor circuit, the speed varies considerably with
    variation of torque.
    Reduction of speed is accompanied by reduced efficiency.
    The external resistors are bulky and expensive as they may have to dissipate a
    good deal of power without being overheated.

    The main advantage of speed control using external rotor resistors is its simplicity.

    PROCEDURE

    PROCEDURE.

    1. The variable auto transformer was kept at reduced voltage output,


    about 53% of rated value of the motor or even less.
    2. After making the connection, the split block on the pulley was fixed and
    tightened hard. The supply was switched on and the direction in which
    the motor exerted tension on the spring balance noted. Readings on
    the spring balance and other instruments were taken. Resistance was
    inserted in the rotor circuit, tension and readings of other instruments
    were then measured. The voltage was reduced when the stator or rotor
    current exceeded the rated value. Rotor resistance was measured from
    the voltmeter and ammeter readings of the rotor circuit.
    3. The belt on the pulley was loosened and voltage to the motor was
    adjusted to full load voltage so as to obtain torque/slip characteristics.
    The belt was then tightened gradually in steps of current up to full load
    current. The experiment was performed as load test and slip for
    various values of torque were measured and a graph plotted. An
    accurate method of measuring slip was used whereby the swing of the
    pointer of an ammeter in rotor circuit was observed.
    DIAGRAM

    RESULTS
    The values for starting torque were calculated using the formula;
    Starting torque=spring balance tension*length of lever.

    Torque T at normal voltage is calculated from the observed readings of


    torque T1 and applied voltage V1 as;
    V2
    T=T1 V 1

    In this practical, V1=V2, therefore T=T1.

    For the slip;


    frequency of rotor
    Slip= frequency of the supply

    Where; Frequency of the supply=50Hz


    Frequency of the rotor=N*r.p.m; where N=number of poles
    The results and the above calculations are illustrated below in tables;

    FIRST INSTANCE

    Current( Power( Voltage( Speed(rp Force(K Tension(N)


    A) W) V) m) g) =force*0.2
    43m
    1.7 200 105 1475 0 0
    2 700 105 1450 1.7 4.131
    2.5 1400 105 1400 4 9.72
    3 1700 105 1375 4.5 10.9
    3.5 1700 105 1350 5 12.15
    4 1400 105 1350 6.2 15.07

    SECOND INSTANCE

    Current( Power( Voltage( Speed(rp Force(K Tension(N)


    A) W) V) m) g) =force*0.2
    43m
    1.6 150 105 1475 0 0
    2 150 105 1400 1.7 4.13
    2.5 150 105 1350 3.5 8.505
    3 150 105 1325 4.1 9.96
    3.5 150 105 1300 5.2 12.63
    4 150 105 1300 5.7 13.85

    THIRD INSTANCE

    Current( Power( Voltage( Speed(rp Force(K Tension(N)


    A) W) V) m) g) =force*0.2
    43m
    1.6 100 105 1450 0 0
    2 100 105 1375 1.7 4.13
    2.5 100 105 1300 3.4 8.26
    3 100 105 1275 4.3 10.45
    3.5 100 105 1225 5.1 12.39
    4 100 105 1150 6.3 15.31

    DISCUSSION

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