International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)

ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-7, July 2014

Compact Design of V-Band Edge-Coupled Stripline

Bandpass Filter

Jaitesh Upadhyay, Ajay Saini

Satellite sensors such as the Advanced Microwave Sounding

Abstract In this paper, we present some evolving Unit (AMSU) on one NASA satellite (Aqua) and four NOAA
applications of broadband wireless communications, and use satellites and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder
tables and graphs to show research progress from the literature (SSMI/S) on Department of Defense satellite F-16 make use
on various radio-frequencies (RF). We focus primarily on of this frequency range. Extremely high frequency is the
stripline based technologies, as these provide the best means of
highest radio frequency band, a form of electromagnetic
implementing very low-cost, highly integrated 60-GHz
mm-wave edge-coupled stripline bandpass filter circuits. In
radiation. EHF runs the range of frequencies from 30 to
addition, the paper illuminates characterization techniques that 300 gigahertz, above which electromagnetic radiation is
are required to competently design mm-wave devices in considered to be low (or far) infrared light, also referred to
RT/duroid 5880 substrate, and illustrates effects of the 60-GHz as terahertz radiation. Radio waves in this band
RF propagation channel for both in-building and outdoor use. have wavelengths from ten to one millimetre, giving it the
For the proposed work we consider simulation using RT/duroid name millimetre band or millimetre wave, sometimes
5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.20, Conductor abbreviated MMW or mmW [3].
Thickness 0.035 mm and Substrate Height 0.508 mm. The values
for the passive components are calculated using MATLAB code Compared to lower bands,
and to reach the final conclusion which will describe the results terrestrial radio signals in this band are extremely prone
to Ansoft Designer simulation results. toatmospheric attenuation, making them of very little use over
long distances. In particular, signals in the 5664 GHz region
Index Terms Stripline transmission line, RT/duroid 5880 are subject to a resonance of the oxygen molecule and are
substrate, Chebyshev band pass filter, V-band spectrum (60 severely attenuated. Even over relatively short distances, rain
GHz), Millimeter-wave wireless communication.
fade is a serious problem, caused
when absorption by rain reduces signal strength. In climates
other than deserts absorption due to humidity also has an
I. INTRODUCTION
impact on propagation. While this absorption limits potential
In this paper design of an edge-coupled bandpass filter communications range, it also allows for smaller frequency
realized in stripline technology is presented. The presented reuse distances than lower frequencies [9].
process includes the estimation of filter parameters using
A stripline circuit uses a flat strip of metal which is
analytical formulas, the simulation of ideal and stripline
sandwiched between two parallel ground planes. The
transmission line models in a circuit simulator. These
insulating material of the substrate forms a dielectric. The
transmission lines are compact. V-band uses millimeter-wave
width of the strip, the thickness of the substrate and
stepped-frequency radar operating from 60 GHz for sensing
the relative permittivity of the substrate determine
applications[1].
the characteristic impedance of the strip which is
The V-band is mainly used for scientific a transmission line. As shown in Fig.1 , the central conductor
research. This band is commonly used in radio need not be equally spaced between the ground planes. In the
astronomy and remote sensing. Ground-based general case, the dielectric material may be different above
radio astronomy is limited to high altitude sites such as Kitt and below the central conductor.
Peak and Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) due to
atmospheric absorption issues. Satellite-based remote sensing
near 60 GHz can determine temperature in the upper
atmosphere by measuring radiation emitted from oxygen
molecules that is a function of temperature and pressure [2].
The ITU non-exclusive passive frequency allocation at
57-59.3 is used for atmospheric monitoring in meteorological
and climate sensing applications, and is important for these
purposes due to the properties of oxygen absorption and
emission in Earths atmosphere. Currently operational U.S.

Manuscript received July 20, 2014. .

Jaitesh Upadhyay, M.Tech(Pursuing), Arya College of engg. & IT,
Jaipur , Rajasthan, India Fig. 1: Model used by Designer for Edge-Coupled
Ajay Saini, Assistant Professor, Arya College of engg. & IT, Jaipur , Stripline Bandpass filter
Rajasthan, India.

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 Compact Design of V-Band Edge-Coupled Stripline Bandpass Filter

A bandpass filter is an important component must be found in elements. Transmission lines are easy to implement and
the transmitter or receiver. Bandpass filter is a passive compact at this frequency. Transmission lines are needed for
component which is able to select signals inside a specific connecting various circuit elements and systems. Therefore
bandwidth at a certain center frequency and reject signals in for microwave frequency (>3GHz) passive filter is usually
another frequency region, especially in frequency regions, realized using distributed circuit element such as transmission
which have the potential to interfere the information signals line. Open wire and Coaxial lines are commonly used for
[4]. The development of the frequency bands in microwave circuits operating at low frequencies. On the other hand
filter, play an important role in many microwave applications. Stripline, Microstrip line and Waveguides are operating at
Through an investigation into and a subsequent radio and microwave frequencies. In the design, three kinds of
implementation of filter theory, V-band (50-75 GHz) range transmission lines were normally used: Waveguide Striplines,
filters design is developed in this report.The spectrum is used and Microstrip lines. Waveguides systems are bulky and
for communications services, cellular radio services, and expensive. Low-power and cheaper alternatives are Stripline
other commercial and private mobile radio operations and Microstrip. These transmission lines are compact.
services. There has been a particularly marked growth in the Edge-coupled stripline is used instead of microstrip line as
microwave communications industry in recent years. This has stripline does not suffer from dispersion and its propagation
contributed to both very demanding performance mode is pure TEM mode. Hence it is the preferred structured
specifications for filters and the commercial pressures for low for Edge-coupled Stripline [4, 5-7].
cost, high volume and quick delivery [2].
The proposed filter is designed by following steps.
SPECIFICATIONS: TABLE 1.1 First step: Determining the order (n) to be used.
Specifications of Dielectric material RT/duroid 5880 subtracts Second step: Finding the corresponding low-pass prototype
designed for microwave circuit applications requiring a high structure and convert into bandpass filter.
dielectric constant. Third step: Find out the distributed realization using J
1). Input and Output Z = 50 Ohms inverter and Yo is the characteristic admittance of the
Impedance:
connecting transmission line.
2). Pass band ripple of 0.5 dB
Forth step: Calculate the characteristic impedances of (Zoe)
3). Filter Order: n=3
even-mode and (Zoo) odd-mode of the parallel-coupled
4). Pass band Centre 60 GHz
Frequency: stripline transmission line based on the mathematical
formulation and compare with simulated value.
5). Ripple Bandwidth: 8 GHz
Board and Substrate Properties:
Fifth step: Determine the Effective dielectric constant re and
length L measurement based on the mathematical
6). Substrate: RT/duroid 5880 formulation.
7). Conductor Thickness: 0.035 mm Six step: Determine the w, s, and L using simulated layout.
8). Dielectric Constant: 2.20
Seven step: Analysis & Design are completed by using
9). Loss Tangent: 0.0008
simulation software.
10) Substrate Height: 0.508 mm
. Eight step: Compare the result graph between two simulation
Table 1.1: Specifications of Edge-Coupled Stripline software.
Bandpass Filter for V-band [6]
II. DESIGN OF CHEBYSHEV BAND PASS FILTER:
In this paper edge-coupled stripline bandpass filter (BPF)
development with the assistance of the Richards-Kuroda The BPF circuit is simulated with Matlab & Ansoft
Transformation method, on the basis of the known Designer software in order to predict the performance of the
Chebyshev-Lowpass Filter, is presented. This suggested filter filter. Few parameters in the circuit are analyzed and have a
consist of four edge-coupled striplines. The use of the 5664 good relationship to microwave theory. An optimization
GHz frequency band is a promising solution for Gigabit short process has been introduced along the simulation procedure
range wireless communication systems. Up to 8 GHz focusing on the filter dimension in order to improve the
unlicensed bandwidth was allocated around the world for response of the filter. Refer to the filter tables given in D.M
various communication applications and the standardization Pozar and G. L. Matther [2] to find the following coefficients
is developing under the IEEE standard 802.15.3c, for a third order chebyshev filter. Normalized element values
802.15.11ad, and the European Computer Manufacturers for 0.5 dB ripple low-pass chebyshev filter given in was g0 =
Association (ECMA) standard 387. Another advantage 1, g1 = 1.5963, g2 =10967, g3 = 1.5963, g4 = 1.000 for
beside the high unlicensed bandwidth is the fact to have low simulated third order filter [8].
interference with other electrical systems in the vicinity. This
is due to the high amount of energy absorption by oxygen Determining the Number of Sections (n):
molecules around 60 GHz [6,9]. The bandpass filter could The bandpass filter is designed to have a 0.5dB
either be realized using lumped component or distributed equal-ripple response, with an attenuation of 50 dB at 60GHz.
component. Lumped components consists of discrete From the amplitude versus normalized frequency graph in
elements like inductors, capacitors etc. Distributed elements [1-2], the number of stages required, N is found to be 3. The
consist of transmission line section which simulates various bandpass filter is realized as a cascade of n+1 coupled line
inductors and capacitors values. At very high frequency the sections as shown in Fig. 3. The sections are numbered from
practical inductors and capacitors losses their intrinsic left to right. The source is connected at the left and the load is
characteristics. So it is hard to realized filters with lumped

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 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-7, July 2014
connected to the right. The filter could be reversed without 1 J j , j 1 J j , j 1 2
affecting the response [10]. ( Z 0e ) j , j 1 [1 ( ) ] for j=0 to n (6)
Y0 Y0 Y0
1 J j , j 1 J j , j 1 2
( Z 0o ) j , j 1 [1 ( )] for j=0 to n (7)
Y0 Y0 Y0

.4 Effective Dielectric Constant And Length

Measurement : For W=0.3865 mm (Standard value):
r 1 r 1 1
re (8)
2 2 12h
1
W
Thus the required length,
c 3 108
g 0.9166 mm (9)
4 4 f re 4 60 109 1.8598
The length of the resonator requires for third order
Fig. 3: Bandpass filter is realized as a cascade of n+1 coupled line filter will have four, quarter wave-length
coupled line sections segments. So final filter length is L= (n+1) l = (3+1)
0.9166 = 3.664 mm (10)
This filter type is known as parallel-coupled
filter. The strips are arranged parallel close to each other, so
that they are coupled with certain coupling factors.

Even and Odd Modes in a Coupled Transmission Line:

Calculation of Odd and Even Resistances to design

the strip line filter, an approximate calculation is made based
on the design equations. The no of stages (n) = 3. The
characteristic impedance Z0 is typically 50 Ohms. The unitary Table 1.2: Circuit Design Parameters of the 3 rd Order,
bandwidth BW is given by Parallel-Coupled Stripline Bandpass Filter

where BW ( 2 1 ) is the fractional

0 (1) III. SIMULATED RESULT & DISCUSSION
(64 10 56 10 )
9 9
FBW .1333
60 10 9 (2)
We discuss the results obtained from Ansoft software and
Matlab software. The frequency sweep for the linear
J 01 FBW simulation of the advanced numerical models was performed
from 33 to 50 GHz in 0.1 GHz steps.
Y0 2 g 0 g1 (3)

J j , j 1 FBW 1
for j=1 to n-1
Y0 2 g j g j 1 (4)

J n ,n1 FBW

Y0 2 g n g n1 (5)

Where g0, g1 gn are the element of a ladder-type low-pass

prototype with a Normalized cutoff c = 1, and FBW is the
fractional bandwidth of band-pass filter.
J j, j+1 are the characteristic admittances of J-inverters and Y0
is the characteristic admittance of the terminating lines. The
equation above will be use in end-coupled line filter because
the both types of filter can have the same low-pass network Fig.4. Software result of odd and even impedances
representation. However, the implementation will be different response of 3rd order edge-coupled stripline bandpass
filter
[11-12]. To realize the J-inverters obtained above, the
even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances of the coupled
strip line band pass filter are determined by

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 Compact Design of V-Band Edge-Coupled Stripline Bandpass Filter

Smith chart to be used for problems involving any

characteristic or system impedance which is represented by
the center point of the chart. The most commonly used
normalization impedance is 50 ohms. Once an answer is
obtained through the graphical constructions described in Fig.
7, it is straightforward to convert between normalised
impedance (or normalised admittance) and the corresponding
unnormalized value by multiplying by the characteristic
impedance (admittance).
Reflection coefficients can be read directly from the
chart as they are unitless parameters. Any actual reflection
coefficient must have a magnitude of less than or equal
to unity so, at the test frequency, this may be expressed by a
point inside a circle of unity radius. The Smith chart is
actually constructed on such a polar diagram.
Fig. 5: Tuned Chebyshev Band Pass Filter Made From The Smith chart scaling is designed in such a way that
Physical Model Configuration of 3rd Order Edge-Coupled reflection coefficient can be converted to normalised
Stripline Bandpass Filter impedance or vice versa. Using the Smith chart, the
normalised impedance may be obtained with appreciable
accuracy by plotting the point representing the reflection
coefficient treating the Smith chart as a polar diagram and
then reading its value directly using the characteristic Smith
chart scaling. This technique is a graphical alternative to
substituting the values in the equations [8].
Smith chart is a set of constant resistance and constant
reactance circle draw on complex gama plane. One especially
point and that is center of smith chart at that is intersection of
r=1 and x=0 on the line. This mark a point on smith chart
represents match condition so the impedance lines on the
center which cross ponds to the magnitude of reflection
coefficient zero.

Fig. 6: Electrical Model Configuration of 3rd Order

Edge-Coupled Stripline Bandpass Filter

Fig. 8: Simulated result for Physical model insertion loss

and return loss response of 3rd order edge-coupled
stripline bandpass filter

Return loss is the loss of signal power resulting

from the reflection caused at a discontinuity in a transmission
line. Return loss is related to both standing wave ratio (SWR)
and reflection coefficient (). Increasing return loss
corresponds to lower SWR. Return loss is a measure of how
well devices or lines are matched. A match is good if the
Fig. 7: Simulated Smith Chart Result of 3rd Order return loss is high. A high return loss is desirable and results in
Edge-Coupled Stripline Bandpass Filter a lower insertion loss. Return loss is used in modern practice
in preference to SWR because it has better resolution for

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 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-7, July 2014
small values of reflected wave. Insertion loss is a figure of impedance (Zo), 50 Ohms. Also it is observed that the phase
merit for an electronic filter and this data is generally varies linearly with frequency.
specified with a filter. Insertion loss is defined as a ratio of the
signal level in a test configuration without the filter installed
(|V1|) to the signal level with the filter installed (|V2|).

Fig.11: Detail dimensions of the simulated layout model

result of 3rd order stripline edge-coupled bandpass filter

The Layout of the filter is generated from the schematic

design Fig. 11. A pair of parallel-coupled striplines with
Fig. 9: Simulated result for Electrical model insertion loss certain width and separation distance will deliver a pair of
and return loss response of 3rd order edge-coupled characteristic impedances, the even mode and the odd mode
stripline bandpass filter ones. We can determine the width of parallel-coupled strip
line band pass filter w and the distance between them s. The
process is visualized in layout Fig.11. According to layout we
get w1=0.244 mm and s1=0.06097 mm. The same data will be
also used for the fourth resonator. The MATLAB software is
used for computation of design formulations including the
response of filter & Ansoft Designer software was used for the
purpose of designing and simulating edge-coupled band-pass
filter responses are identical near pass-band region. The two
parameters insertion loss and return loss are to analyze to
obtain a good performance of filter. A good filter will be high
return loss and small insertion loss ripple in pass band. The
simulated insertion loss is less the .1 dB. The return loss is
greater than 50 dB at center frequency.

IV. CONCLUSION
The overall performance of edge-coupled stripline
bandpass filter can often judged by its simulated insertion loss
and return loss result response. Design an edge-coupled
stripline band-pass filter centered at 60 GHz with 8 GHz
Fig. 10. Simulated result By MATLAB Simulated Tool of bandwidth based on chebyshev approximation. The two
3rd order Edge-coupled Stripline Bandpass Filter parameters insertion loss and return loss are to analyze to
Modeled performance is shown in Fig.10 simulated obtain a good performance of filter. A good filter will be high
insertion loss and return loss result of 3rd order edge-coupled return loss and small insertion loss ripple in pass band. The
stripline bandpass filter EM analysis results from MATLAB, filter is simulated with Ansoft Designer 2.2 software to
which indicates that the response satisfies the design criteria simulated insertion loss is less than 0.1 dB in the desired pass
along with shown in Fig. 10 simulated result by MATLAB band and the simulated return loss is greater than 30 dB at
simulated tool. Reflection regarding in accuracies present in center frequency. Reflection coefficient is nearly equal to 0,
simulators result and simulation result show that the filter perfect match. The Mathematical analysis was done for
operation is optimum over the frequency range 56 GHz to 64 design and verified by writing a MATLAB code. The tool
GHz which is best in this range. The simulated insertion loss developed here is compared to two industry standard software
is less than 0.1 dB in pass band. Also the response is flat and packages, Ansoft Designer and Matlab. Ansoft Designer v2.2
uniform over the entire pass-band. In addition, reflection simulation software was used to accurately arrive at the final
coefficient is 0.00001 which is nearly equal to 0 and a perfect design.
match exists. The filter is almost matched to the characteristic Filters are an essential part of communication and
radar systems and are key items in the performance and cost

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 Compact Design of V-Band Edge-Coupled Stripline Bandpass Filter

of such systems, especially in the increasingly congested

spectrum. Experimental implementation of this work involves
the RT/duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.20
dielectric characterizations at microwave frequencies.
Third-order edge-coupled stripline band pass filter is used in
order to realize these objectives. If more-accurate frequency
response is required, more stages should be used. A coupled Jaitesh Upadhyay M.Tech(Pursuing), Arya College of
line bandpass filter was successfully designed by direct engg. & IT, Jaipur , Rajasthan, India. His research interests include
calculation and by using a CAD design tool. The Matlab Microwave Engineering, Signal processing for communications, Antenna
design , adaptive signal processing,MATLAB and ROBOTICS.
tools characteristic impedance value agrees extremely
closely with Ansoft Designer. Successful simulations have
been presented.

REFERENCES
Ajay Saini Assistant Professor, Arya College of engg.
[1] Pawan Shakdwipee, Design Consideration of Edge-Coupled Stripline & IT, Jaipur , Rajasthan, India M.Tech. His research interests include
Bandpass Filter for V-band (60 GHz) Application Using Matlab & Ansoft Microwave Engineering, Antenna Design, Signal processing for
Designer Two days National Conference on " Recent Advances in communications, Antenna design , adaptive signal processing,MATLAB
Wireless Communication and Artificial Intelligence", 14-15 March, and ROBOTICS
2014
[2] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 2nd ed New york, Wiley, 1998,
pp. 367-368.
[3] P.F.M. Smulders 60 GHz radio: prospects and future directions
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[4] Pawan Shakdwipee,Kirti Vyas Design Edge-Coupled Stripline Band
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[5] Pawan Shakdwipee, Kirti Vyas, Naveen Shakdwipee, Design and
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[10] Peter J. Shull; Aaron A. Diaz; H. Felix Wu San Diego, Nondestructive
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