International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)

ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-3, Issue-8, August 2015

Sink Resolution and Analysis in Wireless Sensor

Network Using Matlab Simulation
Reshma Ravikumar, Aravind S

manufacturing, health monitoring, military etc. Today

Abstract The major challenge in designing the Wireless researchers utilize the sensor nodes with low power and are
Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to reduce the power consumption of composed of wireless radios, sensors, and computing
each sensor nodes and thereby increasing the network lifetime. elements. The energy consumption of WSN can limit the
WSN has variety of applications in medicine, manufacturing, effective life time of WSN nodes.[1] The major challenge in
health monitoring, military etc. Sensors have the ability to WSN is to Conserve the constrained battery resources of
collect data about surrounding environment, processing the data sensor network. Sensors have the ability to collect data about
and transmitted these data to nearby sensor nodes and finally it surrounding environment, processing the data and transmitted
reaches the sink node through these sensor nodes. Sink is also be these data to nearby sensor nodes and finally it reaches the
a sensor node which collects the data from other sensor nodes in sink node through these sensor nodes. Sink itself is a sensor
WSN , process the data and send them to the user through node which collects the data from other sensor nodes, process
internet. The main problem in wireless sensor network is their the data and send them to the user through internet. The main
lack of energy supply. When considering the operations of a problem in Wireless Sensor Network is their lack of energy
sensor, the most expensive one is the wireless communication. A supply. When considering the operations of a sensor, the most
large number of densely deployed sensor node comprised to expensive one is the wireless communication. A large number
form wireless sensor network. Each sensor node is equipped of densely deployed sensor node comprised to form. Wireless
with, a low power radio, one or more sensors, portable power Sensor Network. Each sensor node is equipped with, a low
supply and possibly localization hardware such as GPS (Global
power radio, one or more sensors, portable power supply and
possibly localization hardware such as GPS (Global
Positioning System) unit or a ranging device. Communication
Positioning System) unit or a ranging device. Communication
and networking are enabled using wireless transceiver. When
and networking are enabled using wireless transceiver.
sensor nodes are deployed in a region for particular application,
Self-organizing capability is the main feature of Wireless
that are capable for sensing the abnormal event occurred,
Sensor Network and their nodes are untethered and
processing the sensed data and transmitted these data to sink
unattended. The most important design consideration of WSN
node by a hop by hop mode. Sink node is the superior node that
is its energy efficiency. A small microcontroller, radio
is only connected to user through internet. The network lifetime transceiver or other wireless communication device, and an
of a WSN reduced due to the depleting speed of battery energy energy source usually a battery are comprised to form each
of each sensor node. To enduring the lifetime of wireless sensor node in Wireless Sensor Networks. The size of a single sensor
network by designing energy-aware routings to conserve the node can vary from shoebox-sized nodes down to devices the
usage of the battery energy. Avoid staying of sink node at a size of grain of dust. Depending on the size of sensor
certain location for too long by using sink relocation mechanism networks and the complexity required for individual sensor
otherwise which may harmful to the lifetime of nearby sensor nodes, the cost vary from range of hundreds of dollars to a few
nodes. The proposed work is to introduce modified dijkstras cents.
algorithm for sink relocation and routing that relieves the
burden of hot-spot problem and speed up the sink relocation
A. Wireless Sensor Networks
mechanism and to enhance the performance of the prolonging When sensor nodes are deployed in a region for particular
network lifetime. application, that are capable for sensing the abnormal event
occurred, processing the sensed data and transmitted these
Index Terms routing protocol, sink relocation, sink mobility, data to sink node by a hop by hop mode. Sink node is the
wireless sensor network. superior node that is only connected to user through internet.
Consider figure 1. it consists of number of sensor nodes and
I. INTRODUCTION a sink node, Consider the situation that node a detects an
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) refers to a group of abnormal event, it will send a warning message to the sink,
spatially distributed dedicated and autonomous sensors at then sink will inform this condition to the supervisor through
diverse location for monitoring and controlling physical or internet. The predetermined routing path, say Pea = a-b-c-d.
environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, Depending on routing algorithm routing path may be static or
humidity, moisture etc. and organizing the collected data at a dynamic. In data network, static routing the routes are
central location. WSN has variety of applications in medicine, described by fixed paths. The whole network can be
configured by using static routes, these routers cannot adjust
automatically in a network when traffic changes Dynamic
Reshma Ravikumar, Communication Engineering Department, Sree
Buddha College of Engineering For Women, Elavumthitta, routing protocols are the applications which discover network
India,9446788585. destinations dynamically.

Aravind S, Communication Engineering Department, Sree Buddha

College of Engineering For Women, Elavumthitta, India,9446788585

181 www.erpublication.org
 Sink Resolution and Analysis in Wireless Sensor Network Using Matlab Simulation

wireless sensor network protocols must focus primarily on

power consumption [2][3].

III. RELATED WORKS FOR THE SINK RELOCATION

The EASR outline principally concentrates on when the
sink will be triggered to perform the relocation process and
where to move to. In addition to the sink relocation criteria,
the full operation of the WSNs for environment monitoring
also needs to bling the routing method for reporting the sensed
data from the source node to the sink node, as well as the
energy usage model. In this section, firstly briefly describe the
energy consumption model for message relaying. Then, the
Fig1: Wireless Sensor Network energy aware routing protocol MCP is adopted in the EASR
method [2].
Routers will communicate the adjacent routers which informs A. Energy Consumption Model for WSNs
the network to which each router is connected. These routers
Consider ET (m, d) (and ER(m)) denote the total energy
adjusts automatically in a network when traffic changes
required for a sensor node to transmit and receive a m-bits
[1][2].
length message to and from a neighbouring sensor node at
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section II
distance d away, respectively.The energy used up for
presents recent advancements in WSN. Section III explores
message transmitting (ET x(k, d)) can be divided into two
related works for sink relocation. Section IV introduces the
parts. The first part is the energy used by the transmitted
existing system. Section IV introduces the proposed system.
electronic component and is equal to Eelec m, where Eelec
Section V explains analysis The paper concludes with section
denotes the energy used by the transmitter or receiver
VI.
circuitry. The remaining part is the energy used in the
II. RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN WSNS amplifier component and is equal to Eamp m d^n, where
Eamp denotes the energy needed for the transmitter amplifier.
Wireless Sensor Networks have come into prominence The first part of the energy consumption is only used by the
because they hold the potential to revolutionize many receiving process performed in a sensor node.
segments of our life. Wireless sensor networks constitute an
emerging technology that has received consequential
attention from the research community. Sensor networks are
typically self-organizing ad-hoc systems that consist of many
minuscule, low-cost contrivances. They monitor the physical
environment, and subsequently accumulate and relay
information to one or more sink nodes. Normally, the radio IV. EXISTING SYSTEM
transmission range of the sensor nodes are typically orders of
magnitude more minute than the geographical extent of the The technique of energy aware transmission range adjusting
entire network. Thus, data needs to be relayed towards the to tune the transmission range of each sensor node according
sink node hop-by-hop in a multi-hop manner. The energy to its residual battery energy is incorporated in the EASR
consumption of the network can be minimized if the amount method the transmission range will be tuned to be small for
of data that requires to be transmitted is also minimized. The energy saving, after performing rounds of message relaying
computational potency, battery lifetime, data storage and and environment sensing task, in case of residual battery
communication bandwidth are the factors which affect the energy gets low. In order to gain the merit of enduring
performance and reduces the efficiency of the WSN. In order network lifetime, the sink that makes the relocating decision
to eschew consequential energy consumption and to will take as the MCP routing protocol as the underlying
ameliorate bandwidth usage, it is paramount to consider in the message routing. The performance of the entire operating
WSN architecture, the topology of network, consumption of scheme may be affected by the underlying message routing
power, data rate and fault tolerance. The main function of the method as the parameter of the routing algorithm change.
WSN is to monitor the circumventing environment and to Then choose the MCP over the EASR method to be
communicate in short distances. incorporated with any existing routing method as the
The sensor nodes have wireless communication interface underlying routing method to limit the above mentioned
through which it can communicate with the other contrivances influence. This is because the residual battery energy of the
in its vicinity. According to the scarcity of the energy sensor nodes is the only parameter of the MVP same as the
reservoir and due to the fact that the communication is the decision parameter of the EASR method. The energy-aware
ascendant energy consumer, the transmission range of the transmission range adjusting and the sink relocation
sensor nodes is inhibited for energy efficiency purposes. One mechanism are the two components of the proposed EASR
of the most paramount constraints on sensor nodes is the low [1].
power consumption requisite. Sensor nodes carry A. Transmission Range Tuning of Sensor Nodes
circumscribed power sources. Therefore while traditionary To enhance the quality of the energy-aware routing a larger
networks aim to fulfil high quality of service provisions, transmission range set for a sensor node will increase the

182 www.erpublication.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-3, Issue-8, August 2015
number of neighbours. It also has the demerit of longer C. Time Complexity Analysis
distance message relaying, that will consume more battery EASR scheme, that uses MCP as the routing protocol. But
energy of a sensor node. To conserve the usage of the residual the time complexity for performing MCP is large. So the time
battery energy by shorten range of communication, but it does complexity of EASR equals the time complexity of MCP.As
not help too much for routing. In the existing system time complexity increases network lifetime decreases and
according to residual battery energy the transmission range is transmission range tuning will greatly reduce the battery
adjusted. Sensor nodes in WSN are classified in to three charge of sensor nodes. So to avoid these problems, here
depending on the residual battery energy and thereby introduce a new energy aware routing protocol called
adjusting the transmission range. Let R be the battery energy Modified Dijkstras algorithm [1].
value when the battery energy is full in the beginning and r (u)
denotes the current residual battery energy of a sensor node
[1]. V. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Table I: Types of nodes depending on battery energy In proposed system the EASR method is modified by using
modified dijkstras as the routing algorithm. In WSN
applications, Algorithm for finding shortest path between
nodes considers the battery capacities of nodes. If one node
has to be selected in shortest path, its battery capacity should
be above a particular value. Therefore, for this purpose
modifying the DIJKSTRA algorithm by including the battery
capacity of each node besides the tentative
distance[10][11].Basically, Dijkstra's algorithm is
B. Relocation mechanism of sink in WSN
an algorithm for finding the shortest paths between nodes in
Sink relocation mechanism is classified in to two sections, a graph, which may represent, for example, road
first section is used to determine whether the sink relocation networks[10]. The algorithm exists in many variants;
condition is met or not. For this consider the following figure Dijkstra's original variant found the shortest path between two
2, then collect the neighbours of sink node S and check nodes, but a more common variant fixes a single node as the
whether the following condition is met or not. "source" node and finds shortest paths from the source to all
other nodes in the graph, producing a shortest path tree. For a
given source node in the graph, the algorithm finds the
shortest path between that node and every other. It can also be
used for finding the shortest paths from a single node to a
single destination node by stopping the algorithm once the
shortest path to the destination node has been
determined[10][11].

Fig 2 : Sink relocation mechanism

Find the sensor neighbor u in N shows the battery

value below BV/2.
The neighbor sets residual battery energy drops below
BV/2
For relocating the sink position, firstly determine the four
candidate positions of sink to move to that are SC1,SC2, SC3,
SC4 located in left ,right, top and down. Then choose any one
of SCj from SC1,SC2,SC3 and SC4.Such that weight value with
respect to SCj is maximum value among wi(1<=j<=4).EASR
method will drive the sink to one of its candidate position with
greatest wj value [4]. Fig 3: Modified dijkstras algorithm

183 www.erpublication.org
 Sink Resolution and Analysis in Wireless Sensor Network Using Matlab Simulation

Consider a node network with 25 nodes .show all possible Fig 5 :Network lifetime comparison by varying initial battery energy
routes, assign battery capacity to each node. Set the initial
node as current.. Create a set of all the unvisited nodes called
the unvisited set. For the current node, consider all of its
unvisited neighbors and calculate their tentative distances.
Compare the newly calculated tentative distance and battery
capacity of those nodes and assign the smaller one with high
battery capacity. When we are done considering all of the
neighbors of the current node, mark the current node as
visited and remove it from the unvisited set. If the destination
node has been marked visited then stop. The algorithm has
finished. Otherwise, select the unvisited node that is marked
with the smallest tentative distance with high battery capacity,
set it as the new "current node", and go back to step of
creating the unvisited set [7]. Simulations can be done by
using different network lifetime and different transmission Fig 6 : Network lifetime comparison by varying the transmission range
ranges [1][4].
The two simulation scenarios compared the resulting
network lifetime performance of algorithm by varying the
battery capacity value and transmission range. In different
battery capacities the simulation results shows that as battery
capacity increases the network lifetime of EASR-MODIFIED
DIJKSTRAS is high. In the case of different transmission
range, at low transmission range it proposed system shows
high network lifetime, but the transmission range increased
the network lifetime of proposed scheme is little bit less than
existing system[10][9].

VII. CONCLUSION
The network lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network will
significantly affected by the depleting speed of battery
energy. For prolonging the network life time, researchers
Fig 4: Sink relocation of EASR with modified dijkstras routing protocol design energy aware routing methods to conserve the battery
energy. Another approach for prolonging the life time is sink
In the proposed sink relocation method, where EASR along
relocation mechanism. To increase the lifetime of nearby
with modified dijkstras routing protocol is used. It find
sensor nodes of sink, by avoiding staying of sink at a certain
shortest path from source node to destination node and
location. To enhance the performance of enduring the
consider the battery capacity of nodes in WSN. It selects the
network lifetime, the proposed scheme incorporates EASR
node with shortest distance and high battery capacity.
and modified dijkstras routing protocol. The modified
dijkstras algorithm consider the shortest distance as well as
VI. ANALYSIS
the battery value of each sensor node and select the node with
To investigate the performance of EASR with modified shortest distance and high battery capacity. This new method
dijkstras algorithm, several simulations were conducted. The decreases the depleting speed of battery and thereby increases
compared methods are EASR-MCP and EASR-MODIFIED the network lifetime. Simulation results show the proposed
DIJKSTRAS. For this consider a Wireless Sensor Network method will increases the network lifetime at different battery
with 25 nodes and are deployed randomly, then assign battery values and low transmission range.
capacity to each nodes. Network lifetime of WSN is the
comparison factor. REFERENCES

[1] Chu-Fu Wang, Jau-Der Shih, Bo-Han Pan, Tin-Yu Wu,A Network
Lifetime Enhancement Method for Sink Relocation and Its Analysis
In Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL.
14 , NO. 6, JUNE 2014.
[2] G. S. Sara and D. Sridharan, ,Routing in mobile wireless sensor
network:A survey, Telecommun. Syst., Aug. 2013.
[3] S. S Wang and Z. P. Chen, LCM: A link-aware clustering mechanism
for energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks,IEEE Sensors
J., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 728736, Feb. 2013.
[4] Prerana Shrivastava, S. B. Pokle Sink Repositioning Technique to
Improve Performance of the Wireless Sensor Networks and ,, Interna-
tional Journal of Future Computer and Communication,Vol. 1, No. 4,
December 2012.
[5] H. R. Karkvandi, E. Pecht, and Yadid-Pecht, Effective lifetime-aware
routing in wireless sensor networks ,IEEE Sensors J.,vol.11,no.12, pp.
3359-3367, Dec. 2011. .
[6] Y. Yang,M. I.Fonoage,and M. Cardei Improving network lifetime with

184 www.erpublication.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-3, Issue-8, August 2015
mobile wireless sensor networks, Computer. Communication vol.33,
no. 4,pp. 409419, Mar. 2010.
[7] Chu-Fu Wang,Jen-Wen Ding, Optimum sensor redeployment scheme
using most frangible clusters set, Department of Computer Science
,National Pingtung University of Education, No. 4-18 Ming-Shen
Road, Pingtung 900,Taiwan.
[8] Shih-Chang Huang and Rong-Hong Jan, Energy-Aware, Load Bala-
nced Routing Schemes for Sensor Networks, Proceedings of the Tenth
International Conference on Parallel and Distributed System (ICPADS)
1521-9097/04
[9] http:// www.wikipedia.com
[10] http://www.globalspec.com

Reshma Ravikumar is currently a PG student at the Department

of Communication Engineering at the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala. She
received bachelor of degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering (2013)
from Kerala University, Her Main research interest are in Wireless Sensor Networks.

Aravind S is currently an assistant professor at the Electronics and

Communication Engineering Department in Sree Buddha College of
Engineering for Women under Mahatma Gandhi University.

185 www.erpublication.org