A GUIDE TO CHICAGO

TH
STYLE (16 EDITION)

Presented by the Writing Center

St. Joseph Hall

454-5299
What is Chicago style?

University of Chicago style:

specifies how a paper should be set up and how
sources should be referenced
enables consistency for both reader and writer

is used most frequently in Art and History

What is the purpose of Chicago style?

Chicago style

provides consistency
gives you credibility as a
writer and researcher
provides guidelines for using sources properly
General format of Chicago style papers

Standard paper (8.5 x 11)

Typed and double-spaced
1 margins on all sides
Times New Roman 10 or 12 point font
Components of a Chicago style paper

Title Page You may also have:

Text pages Tables
Footnotes/Endnotes Figures
Bibliography/Works Cited Appendices

Always check with your professor about the required

components for your paper. S/he is the ultimate guide.
Title Page

Title in the upper 1/3 The Effects of Colonialism on Modern British India

The writers name

the Course Number

the Professors Name

and the Due Date are

near the bottom of the page

Jane Smith
HIS 280
Professor Martin
All information is centered April 5, 2008
 Sample text page: 2
Much can be said of the humor in Shakespeares comedies, but what

of the dark undertones? It is necessary to view the Bards work with an

Typed and double-spaced ever- doubting eye, as he often intends the opposite of what is on the

surface.1 His comedies really only display a mechanism for

1 margins dealing with hardship in life.2 Is it possible that there really is no such

Times New Roman, 12 pt. thing as isolated, pure comedy for Shakespearethat it exists only in the

font presence of tragedy, difficulties, and other problems? When reading his

play, A Midsummer Nights Dream the darker themes of paternal control,

The title page is page one,
harsh laws, and manipulation that accompany the seemingly silly antics of
but does not show a
mistaken identity, foolish behavior, and whimsy make it clear that this is a
number. The text begins
with page 2
play not to be taken lightly, but a play that we are to pay close attention to

and learn from.

Some professors may want __________________________________________________
a students last name next to 1. Joe Smith, Shakespeares Meaning (London: Oxford University
the page number Press, 1999), 25.

2. Mary Jones, On Helena and Lysander, Shakespeare Quarterly 45,

no. 3 (2002): 144.
Academic Integrity
Students at The College of Saint Rose are expected to be
honest in every aspect of their academic work. All work
presented as a students own must be the product of her
or his own efforts. Plagiarism, cheating, academic
misconduct, or any other submission of anothers work
as ones own are unacceptable. Students working in
groups are each individually responsible for the academic
integrity of the entire group project. The Colleges Policy
on Plagiarism and Other Infringements of Academic
Honesty, which includes the definition, detailed
explication of plagiarism and academic misconduct, and
procedures, is found on the Colleges website:
www.strose.edu/academics/academic_integrity/article2575
 Documenting sources
Why do we have to cite sources?
It is essential to credit the work others have done. It is the
difference between borrowing and stealing.

From The Colleges website, plagiarism includes but is not limited to:
Purchasing, copying, down-loading, printing, or paraphrasing anothers
book, article, paper, speech, exam, portfolio, creative work, argument, or
any other work and presenting it as ones own, either in whole or in part.
Incorporating portions of anothers work without proper
acknowledgement and documentation.

A safe guideline to use is: ANY time you use ANY idea,
from ANYONE or ANYWHERE else, you have to say so.
Consequences of Plagiarism

Plagiarism is taken very seriously

and could result in:
an F on the assignment or for the course.

It could also lead to being expelled.

When do I need to cite my sources?
Cite sources when:

Quoting
Paraphrasing
Summarizing
Using facts, statistics, or data
Using a visual (a photograph, painting,
chart, table, or graph).
How do I cite my sources?

Notes let your readers know where you got your

information and how they could find it.

Footnotes are located at the bottom of each page.

Endnotes are located at the end of the paper.

A note is needed each and every time you refer to

material from an outside source.
 Notes contd
1

Much can be said of the humor in Shakespeares

Notes are in numerical order.
comedies, but what of the dark undertones? It is

necessary to view the Bards work with an ever-doubting

The number in the text is placed after
the period and any quotation marks. eye, as he often intends the opposite of what is on the

surface.1 His comedies really only display a mechanism

Indent the first line of the note inch for dealing with hardship in life.2 Is it possible that
from the left margin; do not indent
additional lines there really is no such thing as isolated, pure comedy for

Shakespearethat it exists only in the presence of

Single-space the contents of each note tragedy, difficulties, and other problems?
and double-space between notes
__________________________________________________
1. Joe Smith, Shakespeares Meaning (London: Oxford University
Press, 1999), 25.

2. Mary Jones, On Helena and Lysander, Shakespeare Quarterly

45, no. 3 (2002): 144.
Lets talk about Quoting

Use quotation marks when:

you repeat a sources idea word for word

I. C. E. every quote:
Introduce, Cite, and Explain it.

Provide the page number in the note to indicate

where the information appears in the source
Short Quotes:
Fewer than 100 words
Marked by quotation marks
Include a lead-in/follow-up
End punctuation before final quotation mark
The note number follows closing quotation marks
Include (in the note) the page number of the quoted
material
Example:
Some researchers believe that excessive computer use is the
leading cause of the breakdown of social relationships.1
There is simply not enough time left in the day for healthy
social interaction.
1. Joe Smith, Technology and Relationships, Journal of Social
Interaction 5, no. 2 (1999): 45.
 Sample Quoting
Original Text:
RomeoNo
and Juliet is not only the tale of two young, doomed lovers; it
is the story of how youth can be destroyed when the banality of
adulthood is imminent. Different
No
lead-in Incorrect Quote: wording
Shakespeares tragedies also feature lessons about youth and aging.
Romeo and Juliet is not just the story of young lovers; it is the tale of
how youth can be destroyed when the banality of being an adult is
imminent.1 Note
No number in
explanation the wrong
follows place
No page
number
1. Joe Smith, Youth and Shakespeare (London: British Literature Press,
2002).
 Sample Quoting contd
Original Text:
Romeo and Juliet is not only the tale of two young, doomed lovers; it is
the story of how youth can be destroyed when the banality of
adulthood is imminent.

Note number
Correct Quote: placement Correct quote
Lead-in

Shakespeares tragedies also feature lessons about youth and aging.

According to Smith, Romeo and Juliet is not only the tale of two young,
doomed lovers; it is the story of how youth can be destroyed when the
banality of adulthood is imminent.1 The play suggests that in youth is
when we are the most hopeful and even logical, but this ends in
adulthood when we are overcome by bitterness and irrationality.
Page number
1. Joe Smith, Youth and Shakespeare (London: British Literature Press, 2002), 15.
 Long Quotes
More than 100 words or 8 typed 3

lines Many scholars have explored how the characters of

Romeo and Juliet reject their families prejudices. As
A self-standing block, indented Johnson notes,

5 spaces single-spaced The two young lovers are symbolic of the dangers
inherent in prejudiced behavior. Both teens have

No used
parents who reject the possibility of young love
because they have forgotten how to love one
another as friends and neighbors. The parents are
firmly resolved to live only within the confines of
Note number is placed after the their own families, refusing to understand, forgive,
and accept those who have wronged them. Romeo
last sentence and Juliet refuse to give in to this way of life, not
wanting to believe that this is the fate that will
befall them.
Include in the note the page However, their refusal to bow to such pressures results

number(s) of the quoted source only in their deaths. How should an audience view such
a consequence? When death is the only alternative to
Use a lead-in living in discord, is there any hope at all in the play?
_____________________
2. Nina Johnson, Prejudice in Shakespeare (Los
Angeles: Hollywood Books, 2001), 4.
Summarizing and Footnotes/Endnotes
The book report effect
Condense information from a large passage into your own more

concise words, following the same order as the original text.

The note number follows the summary sentence or sentences
Example:
Jones outlines the causes of the painters refusal to work for
the King. He provides an overview of the relationship
between the painter and the royal family, from its blissful
beginning to its turbulent end. Jones also details the artists
own struggles with his identity and creative potential.3
3. Kyle Jones, Artists and the Royals (New York: Colorful Press, 1998), 15-20.

Page range
Paraphrasing and Footnotes/Endnotes
The writer uses her/his own words
and phrasing to present an idea from a
source.
It is necessary to change not only
the wording but also the sentence
structure.
A footnote, including the page number,
is needed for each paraphrase.
 Sample Paraphrase
Original Text:
Romeo and Juliet is not only the tale of two young, doomed
lovers, it is the story of how youth can be destroyed when
the banality of adulthood is imminent.

Wording and structure are too

Incorrect Paraphrase: similar to the original.

Romeo and Juliet is not only a story of a young pair of tragic

lovers, it is a story of the destruction of youth in the face of
the monotony of adulthood. 4
4. Joe Smith, Youth and Shakespeare (London: British Literature Press, 2002). No page
number
 Sample Paraphrase
Original Text:
Romeo and Juliet is not only the tale of two young, doomed
lovers, it is the story of how youth can be destroyed when
the banality of adulthood is imminent. 4
New wording and
Correct Paraphrase: structure.

It is the uninspired lifestyle of being an adult, and the

destruction of ones childhood innocence that results from
its onset, that truly characterizes Romeo and Juliet, not
simply the story of tragic unrequited love. 4
4. Joe Smith, Youth and Shakespeare (London: British Literature Press, 2002), 15.

Page number
Bibliography/Works Cited

Check with your professor about which form of

reference list you should include!

Bibliography a list of the sources used in writing the

paper, including those not specifically cited in the paper.

Works Cited a list of the sources cited in the paper

Both provide the information necessary for a reader to

locate your sources
Sample bibliography 8

page: Bibliography

Browning, Louise. Introduction to Pride and Prejudice, by Jane

The title (whether

Austen. London: Austenite Publications, 1978.

Bibliography or Ford, Carol O., John H. Harris, Todd L. Donovan, and Michele Stuart. The

Works Cited) is
Music of Beethoven: Secret Symphonies. London: Oxford University,
1994.

centered at top Jenkins, Anne. Racism and the White Woman: A Black Feminist
Perspective. In Critical Perspectives on Race and Gender, edited by
Stephen Douglas, 15-28. Louisville, KY: Derby Press, 2005.
Alphabetize
Jones, Rebecca. A Fashion Queen is Dethroned. New York Post, June 28,

Hanging indent
2005, final edition , Style section.

----. Looking Ahead at Fashion Week. New York Times, August 15,

Each entry is
2006, early edition, Style section.

single-spaced, with Lopez, Wendy. Civil War Paintings. Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 2002.

double- spacing Smith, John. The Politics of Chinese Architecture. Art and Society 25,

between entries no. 2 (1998): 150-163.

Smith, Kevin, and Francis Brown. The Italian Renaissance. Denver:

University of Denver Press, 2000.
 Basic Forms for Chicago Style Documentation
A Book:

Note:
1. Wendy Lopez, Civil War Paintings (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 2002), 25.

Bibliography/Works Cited:
Lopez, Wendy. Civil War Paintings. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2002.
 Basic Forms for Chicago Style, contd.
Chapter of a book or essay in an anthology

Note:
5. Anne Jenkins, Racism and the White Woman: A Black Feminist
Perspective, in Critical Perspectives on Race and Gender, ed. Stephen
Douglas (Louisville, KY: Derby Press, 2005), 20.

Bibliography / Works Cited:

Jenkins, Anne. Racism and the White Woman: A Black Feminist Perspective.
In Critical Perspectives on Race and Gender, edited by Stephen Douglas,
15-28. Louisville, KY: Derby Press, 2005.
 Basic Forms, contd.
Journal Article:

Note:
8. John Smith, The Politics of Chinese Architecture, Art
and Society 25, no. 2 (1998): 150.

Bibliography/Works Cited:

Smith, John. The Politics of Chinese Architecture. Art and

Society 25, no. 2 (1998): 150-163.
 Basic Forms contd.
Journal Article from a subscription database:
Note:
12. Frank Prochaska, The American Monarchy, History
Today, no. 8 (August 2007): 23, Academic Search Premier
(26055440).
ID number

Bibliography/Works Cited:
Prochaska, Frank. The American Monarchy. History Today, no. 8
(August 2007): 22-29. Academic Search Premier (26055440).
ID number
 Basic Forms for Web Sources
Website:
Note:
13. Henry Jones, Titanic Truth, Oceanic History Institute,
last modified March 4, 2008, http://www.oceanic.org/titanic/truth.

Bibliography/Works Cited:
Jones, Henry. Titanic Truth. Oceanic History Institute.
Last modified March 4, 2008. http://www.oceanic.org/titanic/.

If no author is mentioned, the owner or sponsoring

organization of the website can be used in its place.
 Art Sources
Artwork or Visual Source:
Note:
14. Michelangelo, David, 1501-1504, Galleria
dellAccademia, Florence.

*If you are consulting the artwork from its appearance in a published source,
give the publication information instead of the name and location of the
housing institution:
Example:
14. Michelangelo, David, 1501-1504, in John Johnson, The
History of Michelangelo (Chicago: Chicago Art College Press,
1995). 115.
 Art Sources, contd.
Artwork that appears online:
Include the basic identifying information for the artwork. Follow
it with information on the type of file and website.
Note:
16. Michelangelo, David, 1501-1504, Italian Sculptures Website,
JPG. File, http://www.italiansculptures.org/david.jpg.

Bibliography/Works Cited:
Michelangelo. David. 1501-1504. Italian Sculptures Web site. JPG file.
http://www.italiansculptures.org/david.jpg.
Notes and Bibliography/Works Cited,
Less Common Entries
Source with two or three authors:

Note: List all authors names in your note.

2. Kevin Smith and Francis Brown, The Italian
Renaissance (Denver: University of Colorado Press,
2000), 145.

Bibliography /Works Cited: List all authors names.

Smith, Kevin, and Francis Brown. The Italian Renaissance.

Denver: University of Denver Press, 2000.
Contd.
Source with more than three authors
Note: List the first authors name only and the abbreviation et al.
3. Carol O. Ford et al., The Music of Beethoven:
Secret Symphonies (London: Oxford University Press,
1994), 15-16.

Bibliography /Works Cited: List all of the authors names.

Ford, Carol O., John H. Harris, Todd L. Donovan, and

Michele Stuart. The Music of Beethoven: Secret
Symphonies. London: Oxford University, 1994.
Contd
Referencing a Source Mentioned in Another Source: Include the
necessary publication information for the original source, followed by
the publication information for the source you used.
Note:
5. Greta Brown, On Writing about Yourself, Reflective Writing
45 (May 2001): 77, quoted in James Davidson, Personal Writing and
Therapy Practice (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 154.

Bibliography/Works Cited:
Brown, Greta. On Writing about Yourself. Reflective Writing 45 (May
2001): 77. Quoted in James Davidson, Personal Writing and
Therapy Practice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.
Contd

Referencing a Text without an Author: If there is no known

author, begin the entry with the title.
Note:
6. My Experience as a Slave, in Slave Narratives
Power and Pain, ed. James ONeil (New York: Empire State
Press, 1977), 205.

Bibliography/Works Cited:
My Experience as a Slave. in Slave NarrativesPower and
Pain, edited by James ONeil, 200-222. New York:
Empire State Press, 1977.
Shortened Form of Notes
Second, or Subsequent Note References

When a work has been cited in notes once in complete form,

later references are in shortened form
Mention last name of author, a shortened form of title of work,
and page numbers

Original:
2. John Smith, Citing the Write Way: A Guide for College
Students Journal of College Writing 14, no. 3 (Sept. 2005): 145.
Later:
8. Smith, Citing the Write Way, 150.
Ibid.

Use Ibid. in place of a complete note, when you use

the same source you just used.

If the reference is on a different page, add the page

number to Ibid. Example:

3. John Smith, Citing the Write Way: A Guide for

College Students Journal of College Writing 14, no. 3
(Sept. 2005): 145.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., 155.
 Use Content Notes to
Explain or emphasize certain information. Example:
The idea of dnouement refers to the section of a story
where the central action has ceased and the conclusion of
the story is upon us.
Provide information that is related to your point, but not
essential to include in main text of paper. Example:
The childhood of Picasso is also considered when
interpreting his pieces, especially the influence of his
artist father and the death of his sister.
Refer readers to another source. Example:
Washingtons childhood is detailed fully in Tom Wagnor,
George Washington: A Biography of Youth (Baltimore:
Politics and Government Press, 1995), 20-55.
Where can I go for more help with Chicago style?

The College of Saint Rose Writing Center!

The Colleges online resources:
www.strose.edu/writingcenter
The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition
A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations, 7th edition. (Kate L. Turabian)
Bedford St. Martins website (Diane Hacker):
http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/rewriting/rc2.html
www.chicagomanualofstyle.org
Resources
Citation Guide: Chicago Manual of Style. The University of
Arizona Library. The University of Arizona,
http://www.library.arizona.edu/search/reference/citation
-cms.html#cmsbk9a

Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers,

Theses, and Dissertations, 7th ed. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 2007.

University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style,

16th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.