Flora of Peru 31 Fi Macb

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FLORA OF PERU
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
ASSOCIATE CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY
THE LIBRARY Of THfc
of ti
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELDMUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART III, NUMBER 1
OCTOBER 11, 1943
PUBLICATION 531
FLORA OF PERU
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY
THE LIBRARY Of THE
K3V19-Q43
of ILLINOIS
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELDMUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART III, NUMBER 1
OCTOBER 11, 1943
PUBLICATION 531
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
re
FLORA OF PERU
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
LEGUMINOSAE. Bean Family

The legumes, for amateur or for professional student marked
most characteristically by the fruit being a pod (rarely drupe-like)
in contrast to the somewhat similar roses with the fruit a drupe or
achenes enclosed in a receptacle, are grouped into three merging
subfamilies (as defined below). The pods sometimes separate into
1-seeded segments, sometimes are margined or winged and samaroid.
Stipules usually present. Leaves rarely simple. Flowers papilio-
naceous or more or less regular, in the former case ordinarily her-
maphrodite, in the latter polygamous. Petals and sepals (calyx
sometimes cupulate or cyathiform) same number. Stamens various
in number. Carpel solitary, 1-celled, the ovules generally more
than 1 attached at interior angle.
Products of economic importance are many and varied: they
range from beans to insect powder, from timbers extremely hard
or soft to resins and oils, from fibers and forage crops to agents for
tanning leather and other chemical or medicinal products. A number
of these that are of exceptional value are Peruvian in origin or
are produced in Peru (as indicated in the following text) for example,
;
many timbers, the insecticide rotenone (Denis), the soil-builder

Crotalaria, the tannin agent tara (Caesalpinia), to mention only a
few.
Key to subfamilies
Flowers regular, small (sometimes showy, the stamens long); calyx
valvate (imbricate in Parkia); stamens distinct or united;
leaves bipinnate except Inga Mimoseae.
Flowers more or less irregular.
Calyx lobes free (in Poeppigia and Dimorphandra united, but

flowers pea-like; in Bauhinia, Swartzia, Lecointea calyx in
bud entire, later variously cleft or cupulate); stamens 4-10,
sometimes more, often partly sterile or staminodia (p. 113).
Caesalpinieae.
Calyx lobes or sepals connate, the tube usually campanulate or
tubular, the receptacle usually very short or wanting, rarely
slender and stalk-like; flowers usually papilionaceous (p. 228).
Papilionaceae.
3
4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII
MIMOSEAE
Generic key to Peruvian species
Leaves simply pinnate; spines none; pods if dehiscent tardily, the
seeds often in a pulp 1. Inga.
Leaves bipinnate (sometimes in Mimosa pseudodigitate or leaflets

rarely none, sometimes, as in Pithecolobium, 1 pair pinnae of
2-3 leaflets).
Flowers borne in heads or umbellately capitate.
Stamens as many or twice as many as the corolla lobes, usually
5 or 10, or sometimes also with, or replaced in part by,
staminodes.
Trees or shrubs, unarmed except sometimes Mimosa, Pipta-
denia.
Flowers very small in tight globose or clavate heads, partly
or all bisexual and with staminodes; calyx lobes short,
broad, imbricate 18. Parkia.
Flowers small but not as above; calyx if developed, valvate.

Calyx minute or obsolete; pods breaking into joints.
9. Mimosa.
Calyx often well-developed, dentate; pods bivalved.

Anthers eglandular; leaflets about 1 cm. long or longer.
12. Leucaena.
Anthers glandular in bud; leaflets minute except 1
species 13. Piptadenia.
Herbs or more or less woody undershrubs.

Anthers glandular; stamens usually 10, the lower flowers
with staminodia; pods oblong; aquatic or low half
shrub 16. Neptunia.
Anthers eglandular.
Pods narrowly linear; lowest flowers male or provided
with staminodia.
Unarmed plants; flowers greenish-white with 5 or 10
stamens 11. Desmanthus.
Aculeate plants; flowers pink or lilac with usually
8-12 stamens 10. Schrankia.
Pods oblong, sometimes narrowly oblong; most species

without any staminodial flowers 9. Mimosa.
Stamens indefinite, rarely 10 or fewer, often many, even 100.

FLORA OF PERU 5
Stamens more or less connate, often elongate and the flowers

showy; spines usually lacking except Pithecolobium dulce.
Pod valves not separating from margins; stamens more
or less connate, few to many.
Anthers glabrous; pods rather thick, rarely straight, the
valves if dehiscing, not elastically, continuous or
more or less (to completely) septate.
Inflorescence not nodulate.
Pods incurved reniform 4. Enterolobium.
Pods various but not as above.
2. Albizzia, 3. Pithecolobium.
Inflorescence nodulate, i.e. peduncles borne from en-
largements on rachis 5. Cedrelinga.
Anthers usually glandular-hirsute; pods usually flat,

narrow, straight or nearly, elastically dehiscing.
6. Calliandra.
Pod valves (in age) separating from the persisting margins
(always?) stamens connate into a tube, in the Peruvian
;
species about 50; leaflets minute with submarginal

nerve 7. Lysiloma.
Stamens free unless at base (cf. Pithecolobium multiflorum,
Calliandra); flowers small; stipules usually spinescent.
8. Acacia.
Flowers borne in cylindrical spikes.
Stamens indefinite, few to many (rarely 10 in Pithecolobium).
Stamens more or less connate; shrubs or trees except P. dulce
unarmed 3. Pithecolobium.
Stamens free or nearly; plants often aculeate 8. Acacia.
Stamens as many or twice as many as the corolla lobes.
Anthers eglandular; pods breaking into joints between the
persisting margins 9. Mimosa.
Anthers glandular (unless Piptadenia) at least before an thesis;

pods, except in Entada, bivalved.
Smooth or finely aculeate lianas; spikes congested to form
a broom-like inflorescence; pods flat, breaking into
1-seeded joints 15. Entada.
Armed or smooth shrubs or trees; spikes not congested;
pods bivalved.
Smooth or prickly, leaflets usually many.
Pods plane, continuous within; seeds without albumen.

13. Piptadenia.
Pods turgid, septate between the albuminous seeds.
14. Stryphnodendron.
Nodosely armed (usually), the pinnae and leaflets few;

pods subcompressed or subcylindrical, often septate.
17. Prosopis.
1. INGA Willd.
Reference: Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 600-632. 1875.

Unarmed trees or shrubs with simply pinnate leaves (the rachis
often more or less margined), and globosely umbellate, spicate or
racemose often showy flowers. Peduncles solitary or fascicled,
axillary or panicled at the branchlet tips. Flowers 5 (6) -merous,
mostly hermaphrodite, the tubular or campanulate calyx dentate
or shortly lobed, the elongate corolla with valvate petals coalescent
to the middle or higher. Stamens many, long-exserted. Ovary
sessile, many-ovuled. Pods narrow, straight or somewhat incurved,
rarely twisted, flat, 4-sided or subcylindric, the margins usually
enlarged, coriaceous or subfleshy, tardily if at all dehiscing, the seeds
sometimes surrounded with a pulp. Cf. Pithecolobium inundatum
and P. Martinianum, which might be sought in this group.
With Erythrina, Inga is one of the most important trees used for
shade in plantations of coffee and cocoa; Inga is said to be preferable;
cf. Pittier, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico 13, no. 4. 1929.
The genus was divided by Bentham into 5 sections, all of which

now provisionally contain species which with our present knowledge
are not definitely assignable, therefore here, for convenience (except
for the section Leptinga including Diadema, marked by the flowers
being borne on a globose or extremely short rather clavate receptacle,
the inflorescences thus umbelliform) the key has been based on the
presence or absence of a wing-margin to the leaf -rachis and on the size
of the flowers; this probably results, at least in some instances,
from specimens being maintained as species that may actually be
merely at variance, that is, with or without the leaf-rachis winged.
The size of the flowers is probably a better criterion but until fruits
are more generally known no lineal key seems possible. Inga fruits
are, in many quadrate or cylindrical, but,
species, flat; in fewer
unknown in most species, keys based on the character are useless.
It seems futile to group the species into series. Ducke, Archiv.
FLORA OF PERU 7
Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 19-28. 1925, gave a key to the species of Para,
Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 173-223. 1916, a partial revision.
pisana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 388. 1832, and /. carnosa G. Don,

/.
I.e. 391, based on Ruiz & Pavon material in herb. Lambert, were
not identified by Bentham but the latter as labeled in herb. Pavon
is, fide Bentham, 534, Lysiloma tergemina Benth. of Mexico and
therefore probably a Mocino & Sesse* specimen. /. diadema Mart.,

to which Bentham referred with doubt Spruce 4565 in fruit from
Tarapoto, is also omitted from the key; cf. note to /. tarapotensis.
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1 187. 1891, employed the name Feuilleea for
:
many species (including Calliandra and Pithecolobium) the resulting ;
combinations with Kuntze as author have not been cited.

Inflorescence globosely umbelliform; calyces, if sessile, glabrous or
nearly (/. vismiaefolia, I. chartacea, etc. might be sought here).
Section Leptinga, including Diadema.
Leaf-rachis wing-margined.
Stamen tube long-exserted; pedicels minutely villous; leaflets
ample, the larger 2 dm. long I. umbratica.
Stamen tube included or (typically) shortly exserted; puberu-

lence, if present, dense or appressed; leaflets rarely 12 cm.
long.
Leaflets obtuse I. Augusti.
Leaflets acuminate.
Pedicels 8 mm. long or longer; calyces about 4 mm. long.
I. myrianiha.
Pedicels and calyces subequal, much shorter . . I. lateriflora.
Leaf-rachis little if at all margined (except 7. cecropietorum under

/. Tessmannii).
Flowers glabrous or essentially except /. graciliflora with

abruptly expanded limb; peduncles simple, solitary in the
axils or fascicled at the lower nodes.
Leaflets all small, even the larger well under 10 cm.

Leaflets long acuminate I. heterophylla.
Leaflets obtuse or if acuminate very shortly and obtusely.

Pedicels several mm. long I. cynometrifolia.
Pedicels 1 mm. long I. tarapotensis.
Leaflets medium, at least the larger usually longer than 10 cm.

Calyx about half as long as the corolla, glabrous or nearly,
sessile or pedicellate.
Corolla 8-10, calyx 4-6 mm. long, sessile or pedicellate.

7. Tessmannii.
Corolla 7 mm. long or a little longer than the sessile
calyx 7. cinnamomea.
Calyx much than one-half as long as the
less corolla, at
least minutely pedicelled.
Pedicels less than 5 mm. long.
Flowers pedicellate; stamen tube more or less exserted.
/. lallensis.
Flowers subsessile; stamen tube included.

/. tenuistipula.
Pedicels 5 mm. long or longer.
Peduncles a cm. or so long 7. graciliflora.
Peduncles all or mostly much longer 7. coriacea.
Flowers puberulent, the corolla not abruptly expanded at limb;

peduncles usually, at least the upper, more or less branched.
Corolla narrowly conical; leaflets not narrowed to base.
7. quaternata.
Corolla with campanulate limb; leaflets little if at all narrowed

to the acute tip, narrowed to base 7. Pardoana.
Inflorescence not clearly umbelliform, sometimes long-spicate, often
ovoid-capitate, the rachis sometimes very short; calyx usually
sessile (exceptions, 7. brachyrhachis, I. ingoides, I. laxiflora, I.
nobilis, 7. tarapotensis) and pubescent (exceptions, 7. brachy-

rhachis, I. capitata), always pubescent (unless 7. tarapotensis),
when the rachis is so short that the flowers are globosely con-
gested, simulating the umbelliform group of species.
Flowers, excluding stamens, 10 mm. long or longer or, if shorter,
plants glabrous (cf. 7. punctata, var.).
Leaf-rachis definitely wing-margined, at least some leaves.
Calyx tomentulose to densely hirsute-villous (sometimes gla-
brate in 7. striata, trichomes lax or weak, rarely lacking).
Flowers considerably to much shorter than 3 cm.
Calyx glabrate (glabrous) to loosely pilose, the narrow

teeth acuminate, the tube striate 7. striata.
Calyx tomentulose or appressed strigillose, the broad

teeth acute, the tube more or less obscurely striate.
Leaflets usually not densely pilose beneath, in any case
conspicuously reticulate; flowers 12-20 mm. long.
FLORA OF PERU 9
Flowers sessile.
Peduncles solitary or geminate; bracts linear to

narrowly lanceolate; leaflets firm, yellowish-
green, reticulate, the nerve glandular or the
bracts linear.
Leaflet midnerve eglandular; bracts linear; pod
face open 7. Feuillei.
Leaflet midnerve often with 1-several glands;

bracts lanceolate; pod face more or less
closed by the multi-sulcate margins.
7. adenophylla.
Peduncles often fascicled, often borne on a com-
mon axis; leaflets membranous-chartaceous,
dark green, little reticulate, never glandular;
bracts not linear.
Axis subterete; leaf not
bristle- tipped /. edulis. . .
Axis acutely angled; leaf-rachis bristle-tipped.

7. conferta.
Flowers pedicellate.
Racemes solitary 7. laxiflora.
Racemes fascicled 7. ingoides.
Leaflets densely soft-pilose beneath, obscurely reticu-

late.
Flowers 10-11 mm. long 7. Endlicheri.
Flowers about 18 mm. long 7. aria.
Flowers 3-5 cm. long.

Peduncles nearly lacking; flowers 4-5 cm. long.
7. plumifera.
Peduncles more or less elongate; flowers 3-3.5 cm. long.

Bracts caducous; calyx 2 cm. long 7. velutina.
Bracts persisting; calyx 1 cm. long 7. Donaeana.

Calyx glabrous or setulose, the trichomes long or if minute,
sparse.
Calyx glabrous, the pubescence of stems and leaves not
conspicuously long.
Bracts persisting; peduncles short 7. macrophylla.
Bracts caducous; peduncles elongate 7. longipes.
Calyx usually more or less setulose, usually other parts as

well, these conspicuously long-setose if calyx glabrous.
Flower-heads shortly peduncled or subsessile, the persist-

ing ovate bracts 3-4 mm. long.
Corolla glabrous; leaflet midnerve eglandular.
7. Poeppigiana.
Corolla pubescent; leaflet midnerve usually with 1-
several glands on upper side /. pruriens.
Flower-heads long-peduncled, the linear-lanceolate bracts

often longer or inconspicuous and caducous.
Branchlets not long-setose nor leaflets long-pilose, 2-4
pairs.
Corolla 12-18 (23) mm. long.
Leaflets mostly 5 cm. wide or wider. . ./. setifera.
Leaflets mostly narrower than 2.5 cm.

Leaflets 3 pairs 7. aliena.
Leaflets 2 pairs 7. slenoptera.
Corolla about 3 cm. long /. Pavoniana.

Branchlets long-setose; leaflets long-pilose both sides,
5-6 pairs.
Calyx 10 mm. long, the corolla tube included.
/. setosa.
Calyx 6 mm. long, the corolla tube exserted.

7. hirsutissima.
Leaf-rachis emarginate or essentially.
Calyx and corolla glabrous or more or less long-setulose, the

trichomes scattered.
Petioles and branchlets glabrous 7. capitata.
Petioles and branchlets long-setose 7. stipulacea.
Calyx or at least the corolla densely or evenly pubescent or

tomentulose-pubescent.
Calyx than a third as long as the corolla 7. peltadenia.
less . .
Calyx about half as long as the corolla (cf. exceptionally

7. nobilis, I. punctata).
Flowers pedicellate.
Plants villous.
Calyx narrowly funnelform 7. pukhriflora.
Calyx obconic 7. vismiaefolia.
Plants glabrate 7. loretana.
Flowers sessile.
FLORA OF PERU 11
Leaflets rarely as few as 3 pairs.

Veins obscure above I. Killipiana.
Veins conspicuous both sides 7. Mathewsiana.

Leaflets 2 pairs 7. maynensis.
Flowers excluding stamens 3-8 (9) mm. long (cf. the completely
glabrous 7. capitata et rels.).
Spikes, at least mostly and typically, on axillary fascicled and
long peduncles or these short and often arranged on a
central axis; leaf-rachis emarginate or merely ridge-edged
(cf. 7. densiflora).
Veins of the lustrous rather coriaceous leaflets obscure above;
flowers sessile.
Leaflets 2-4 pairs; stamen tube included or barely exserted.
Corolla tubular; midnerve of leaflets not densely strigose.
Leaflets 2 pairs (typically), usually punctate-scabrous-
hispid both sides 7. punctata.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs.

Leaflets glabrous, oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceo-
late 7. Ruiziana, I. acreana.
Leaflets hispidulous beneath, obovate. . . .7. obscura.

Corolla rather obconic; leaflet midnerve densely strigose.
Spikes soon short-oblong; leaf pubescence between

nerves sparse 7. lineata.
Spikes ovoid; leaf pubescence soft 7. Endlicheri.
Leaflets 4-6 pairs; stamineal tube often exserted.
Spikes ovoid 7. Ruiziana.
Spikes elongate 7. lopadadenia.

Veins of the subchartaceous leaflets reticulate both sides.
Peduncles long; stamen tube little if at all exserted.

7. nobilis.
Peduncles short; stamen tube long-exserted 7. alba.
Spikes axillary or subaxillary but solitary or in any case crowded

and shortly peduncled or subsessile in the axils or at de-
foliate nodes, the peduncles usually shorter than the spikes,
always (except in 7. lopadadenia) if the petiole is emarginate

(cf. 7. alba, marked by very long-exserted stamen tube).
Flowers minutely pedicellate, if in elongate racemes the
leaflets 1 pair.
Rachis of leaves emarginate, the 2-3 pairs.

leaflets
Inflorescence globose, the peduncles 12-25 mm.; corolla

5 mm. long; leaflets small 7. tarapotensis.
Inflorescence oblong-ovoid, subsessile; corolla 7 mm.

long; leaflets ample I. brachyrhachis.
Rachis of leaves margined and with 1 pair of leaflets.
I. cordatoalata.
Flowers sessile or subsessile, the leaflets all or mostly 2-several

pairs.
Bracts minute or not exceeding the calyx.
Rachis of leaves if winged only just below the medium-
sized leaflets, their nervation not impressed above.
Leaf-rachis glands small or the leaflets mostly or all

fewer than 4 pairs.
Corolla 3-4 (4.5) mm. long; leaflets 2 (-3) pairs;
spikes elongate, mostly 7 cm. long or longer.
/. marginata.
Corolla (4) 5-6 mm. long; spikes 5 cm. long or shorter
(cf. also 7. alba, flowers smaller).
Leaf-rachis emarginate or essentially; stamen tube
finally long-exserted.
Leaflets 2-4 pairs.
Leaflets coriaceous, blunt; spikes sessile.
7. Klugii.
Leaflets membranous, acuminate; spikes
shortly peduncled 7. aggregata.
Leaflets commonly 6 pairs 7. altissima.
Leaf-rachis definitely winged; flowers 4 mm. long.

Leaf-rachis puberulent; leaflets 3 pairs.
7. yacoana.
Leaf-rachis glabrous; leaflets 2 pairs. . . .7. apta.
Leaf-rachis glands large, cuplike; leaflets 4 pairs.

7. lopadadenia.
Rachis of leaves usually conspicuously winged, the
leaflets ample, the venation often more or less im-
pressed above.
Pubescence, at least on leaves, spreading, stiff.
Leaflet internodes 1-3 cm. long 7. densiflora.
FLORA OF PERU 13
Leaflet internodes mostly much longer.

I. Bonplandiana, I. chartacea.
Pubescence tomentulose I. tomentosa.
Bracts (3) 4-6 mm. long, exceeding the calyx.

Flowers 7-8 mm. long 7. auristellae.
Flowers 3-4 mm. long 7. microcoma.
Inga acreana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 298. 1915.

7. myriocephala Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 184. 1916.
Similar to 7. punctata but the leaflets 3-4 pairs, oblong-lanceolate,
glabrous; peduncles puberulent, 2-3 cm. long; calyx 3-4 mm. long,
the corolla about 7 mm. long. Williams 2158 was referred by Harms
to 7. stenoptera Benth., 616, which at least as to type is very different;
this collection seems to match 7. acreana except that the leaf-rachis
is somewhat more margined (in type obscurely). Ducke has
suggested that Harms' species is perhaps a variety of 7. nobilis but
it seems probable that it is a form of
acrocephala Steud. of Surinam
7.
and scarcely distinguishable unless by the slightly margined rachis,
less heavy coriaceous leaflets. Pittier gives the average calyx length
of his species as 5 mm., the corolla 9 mm. F.M. Neg. 1134.
Loreto: Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2158. Pumayacu, Klug 3155
(det. Standl., 7. punctata). Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco,
Ule 9425, type. Bolivia; Brazil.
Inga adenophylla Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 210.

1916.
Shortly rusty villous-tomentulose except the winged leaf-rachis

and leaflets above, these sparsely pubescent; glands small, slightly
raised and subcupulate not only between the 5-6 pairs of oblong-
elliptic leaflets but ordinarily 1 to several, even as many as 6 scattered
along the more densely pubescent midnerve of each leaflet; leaflets
rounded at base, obtuse or acute and mucronulate, coriaceous,
strongly nerved and reticulate beneath, the larger 8-11 cm. long,
3.5-5.5 cm. broad, mostly about 9 cm. long, 3.5 cm. broad; peduncles
often geminate, 2-5 cm. long; bractlets linear-lanceolate to 7 mm.
long, caducous by anthesis; flowers sessile, the calyx to 8.5 mm.
long, with very short teeth or these to 3 mm. long; corolla silky-
villous, somewhat dilated at apex, 15-17 mm. long, the lobes about
3 mm. stamen tube included or slightly exserted; pods funicu-
long;
liform, 10-15 cm. long, about 8 mm. thick, rusty-tomentulose,
the sulcate margins almost entirely covering the valves. Nearly
I. affinis DC. to which it could be referred as a variety but the glands

are more consistently and uniformly present on the upper surfaces
of the leaflets. The species is probably I. Feuittei as to most of
Weberbauer's citations.
Huacapistana, 1,800 meters, Killip & Smith 24185;
Junin:
(Raimondi). Colonia Perene", 600 meters, Killip & Smith 25127
(det. Harms, I. affinis?}. La Merced, Killip & Smith 23412;
24045. Chanchamayo, Isern 2438. Ayacucho: Aina, Killip &
Smith 22613; 23194 (the former in open woods, the latter cul-
tivated, shaped like an apple tree). Cuzco: Valle de San Miguel,
2,200 meters, Herrera 1982. Valle del Apurimac, 2,800 meters,
Herrera 1179. Puno: Near Sandia, Weberbauer 1059 (det. Harms,
I. (Raimondi).
affinis); Bolivia. "Pasae," "paccai," "kkusillo-
paccai," "pacay."
Inga aggregata G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 391. 1832; 609.

Glabrous except for the minutely puberulent subsessile ovoid
spikes solitary or clustered in the defoliate axils of the slender
branchlets; leaf-rachis obscurely or narrowly margined, the glands
depressed; leaflets at least mostly 3-4 pairs, oblong-elliptic, some-
what oblique at base, rather obtusely acuminate, the larger 1.5 dm.
long, nearly half as broad, membranous, or in age subcoriaceous,
lustrous, finely reticulate-veined, especially beneath; calyx puberu-
lent, about 1 mm. long; corolla 5-6 mm. long, glabrous, the stamen
tube long-exserted pods (fide Bentham) straight or arcuate, 12-14
;
mm. broad. Cf. /. tenuirama Harms under I. punctata. F.M.

Negs. 1071; 32062.
Huanuco: Pueblo Nuevo, Ruiz & Pavdn. Loreto: Yurimaguas,
Poeppig 2208 (det. Benth.). Yarina Cocha, Middle Ucayali,
Tessmann 3425 (det. Harms, /. alba affine). Bolivia.
Inga alba (Swartz) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 1013. 1806; 610. Mimosa

alba Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 796. 1800.
Young branchlets densely white lenticellate and the peduncles

and leaf-rachi (these emarginate or usually slightly margined between
the upper pairs of leaflets, the glands depressed), puberulent or even
tomentulose, the minute trichomes rusty; leaflets 3-4 (5) pairs,
ovate, elliptic or oblong-obovate, more or less oblique at the shortly
narrowed base, shortly and obtusely acuminate, mostly to about
10 cm. long, 4 cm. broad or on new shoots somewhat larger, on the
flowering branchlets often a third smaller, membranous, glabrous,
prominently reticulate-veined and lustrous both sides; peduncles
FLORA OF PERU 15
rarely 1 cm. long, fascicled in the axils or on short branchlets from

the older wood below the leaves, the spikes scarcely 1 cm. long;
calyx minutely puberulent, 1 mm. long or little longer, the glabrous
corolla 3.5 to less mm. long, the slender stamen tube long-
than 4
exserted; pods sessile, to 15 cm. long, 15-18 mm. broad, pulverulent
or glabrous. Tree sometimes 30 meters high, the flowers white.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 126.
Peru (possibly). Brazil to the Guianas and Venezuela.
Inga aliena Macbr., spec. nov.

Frutex, 1.5 m. altus vel altior; ramulis subadpresse denseque
hirsuto-pubescentibus; stipulis ovato-lanceolatis, setaceo-caudatis,
8 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis; foliolis 3-jugis petiolulatis (petiolo
striatis,
communi conspicue alato) anguste oblongo-ellipticis vel -lanceolatis,
basi in petiolulum angustatis, apicem versus attenuatis et setaceo-
mucronatis, ad 8 cm. longis, 2.5 cm. latis, coriaceis, utrinque sparse
adpresseque hispidulis, nitidulis; pedunculis axillaribus circa 5 cm.
longis; capitulis ovoideis; bracteis persistentibus lanceolatis; floribus
sessilibus, corolla dense strigoso-setulosa calyce sparse setuloso 6 mm.
longo duplo longiore. Perhaps allied to /. stenoptera Benth. with
2 pairs of thinner leaflets, narrower winged petioles and less persistent
bracts. A detached pod is closely veined transversely, sparsely
hispidulous, 8 cm. long, 8 mm. wide.
Loreto: Pumayacu, near Balsapuerto, King 3170, type.
Inga altissima Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 4.

1938.
Affine I. alba; leaflets usually 6 pairs (4-6), oblong-lanceolate,
the larger to 12 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, rather coriaceous, the narrow
rachis not dilated, the elevated glands with narrowed, somewhat
stipe-like bases; peduncles 12-20 mm. long, the spike short and
dense, nearly all closely fascicled on branchlets below the leaves;
flowers white, the calyx 1.5-2 mm. long, the corolla about 5 mm.
long. Remarkable for its height, about 40 meters, with stout
cylindrical trunk, the related species rarely attaining 30 meters
(Ducke). The type from Tabatinga in non-inundated woods across
the Amazonian boundary with Peru.
Peru (undoubtedly). Brazil.
Inga apta Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor ad 10 m. alta; ramulis subangulatis, glabris; foliolis 2-jugis,
sessilibus (petiolo communi distincte alato) elliptico-oblongis ad
basin oblique attenuatis (basi ipse cordatulatis) apice breviter acutis

vel obtuse acuminatis, majoribus 14 cm. longis, 6 cm. latis, coriaceis,
nitidis, glabris ubique mediocriter reticulato-venosis; spicis sub-
sessilibus 2-3 axillaribus 3.5 cm. longis; bracteis caducis glabris
1 cm. longis, 3 mm. latis; bracteolis minutis, ovatis, subpersistentibus;
floribus sessilibus corolla minutissime parceque adpresse puberula
3.5 mm. longa calycem plus triple excedente, staminum tubo demum
paullo exserto. Distributed as /. fagifolia, an obscure species (as
to type) presumably related to /. marginata.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, Klug
3654, type.
Inga aria Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor 5 m. alta; ramulis junioribus pedunculisque breviter et
molliter ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliolis 5-7-jugis, subsessilibus
(petiolo communi late alato) ovato- vel oblongo-lanceolatis, basi
oblique subrotundatis, apice acute acuminatis, circa 8 cm. longis,
3.5 cm. latis, chartaceis, supra sparse scabro-hispidulis, subtus
mediocriter dense pilosis praesertim ad nervos; nervis lateralibus
supra obscuris, subtus prominulis; pedunculis geminatis ad 3 cm.
longis; floribus sessilibus, calyce dense sericeo-strigoso 5 mm. longo,
corolla conspicue et crispe villosa 2 cm. longa. Resembles /. dysantha
Benth., 626, of northern Brazil, with fewer lustrous leaflets and laxly
flowered spikes. The corollas are nearly those of the related /.
cayennensis Sagot with glabrate calyces typically pedicellate or
rarely even subsessile (forma sessiliflora Ducke); Sagot's species,
too, is more loosely hirsutulous. The shield-like wings to the petioles
have suggested the name.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3111, type.
Inga August! Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 245. 1919.
Shortly branched, densely leafy, the younger somewhat reddish

branchlets slightly angled, lenticellate, glabrous or nearly; leaflets
2-5 pairs (rachis rather conspicuously winged), the uppermost
gradually larger, 5-7 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. broad, mostly oblong-
obovate, obliquely narrowed at base, shortly and bluntly acuminate
or obtuse, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous; peduncles solitary
or geminate, axillary, 2.5-5 cm. long; flowers umbellate, the glabrous
pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx cupulate, obscurely denticulate, the
margin sparsely puberulent, 1-2 mm. long; corolla glabrous except
mm. long, the stamen tube included.
for the lobe- tips, 5-6 Tree
to 7 meters high of evergreen montana. F.M. Neg. 1135.
FLORA OF PERU 17
Huanuco: Between Chaglla and Muna, 2,500 meters, Weberbauer

6705, type. Yanano, 8728.
Inga auristellae Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 298. 1915.
Younger parts shortly villous-puberulent, the leaves soon gla-

brous; leaf-rachi narrowly winged, the gland patelliform; leaflets
subsessile, 2-3 pairs, broadly elliptic or slightly obovate, obliquely
obtuse at base, acutely or obtusely rather abruptly but shortly
acuminate, coriaceous, lustrous above, reticulate-veined beneath,
4-10 cm. long, 2-6 cm. broad; spikes often geminate in the axils,
shorter than the leaves, the peduncles 2-3.5 cm. long; bracts oblanceo-
late, 4-6 mm. long, sparsely hirsutulous, as also the calyx, this only
3-3.5 mm. long; corolla 7-8 mm. long, glabrous except at the shortly
lobed tip, the stamen tube little if at all exserted. Tree or shrub
5-15 meters high with white flowers and, according to Ducke, with
flat pods (slightly raised over the seeds) curved, the sutures little
dilated, 10-12 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad. F.M. Neg. 1136.
Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Vie 9426, type. Brazil; Dutch
Guiana.
Inga Bonplandiana Kunth in HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 288.

1824; 617.
Glabrous except for the pubescent thickened petiole and the
silky-pubescent corollas, these twice as long as the tubular calyces;
rounded or subcordate at base, acute,
leaflets 5 pairs, elliptic-oblong,
the terminal about 12 cm. long, half as broad, the lower gradually
smaller, the lowest scarcely 5 cm. long, subcoriaceous, reticulate-
veined beneath, lustrous above; rachis glabrous, bristle- tipped,
winged, the wings 2 cm. broad, narrowed below, the glands orbicular,
cupulate, sessile; flowers spicate, sessile; pods 5-10 cm. long, glabrous,
the margins elevated. Description after Kunth who according to
Bentham saw only a leaf, his description of the flowers being drawn
from Bonpland's notes. The species seems to be closely related to
I. chartacea, if indeed it is not the same.
Cajamarca: Between Cavico and Chontali on the banks of the
Rio Chamaya, Prov. Jae*n de Bracamoros, Bonpland, type. "Guabo."
Inga brachyrhachis Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48:

159. 1907.
Glabrous shrub or tree to about 6 meters high, the branchlets

gray-barked, obscurely lenticellate, the leaves with 2 pairs of broadly
oblong-elliptic subcoriaceous leaflets, their rachis emarginate, the

rather large gland depressed; leaflets obliquely narrowed at base,
obtusely short acuminate, reticulate-veined both sides, the larger
1.5-2 dm. long, 7-8 cm. broad racemes rarely 1.5 cm. long, subsessile,
;
borne from efoliose nodes below the leaves; pedicels 1 mm. long,
the calyx 2 mm. long, both obscurely pulverulent; corolla white,
6-7 mm. long, the stamen tube more or less exserted. F.M. Neg.
1138.
Loreto: Pongo de Cainarachi, Ule 6361, type. Mishuyacu,

King 623 (det. Harms).
Inga capita ta Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 71. 1814; 611.

Completely smooth with glossy coriaceous leaves, their rachis
emarginate, their leaflets 2 pairs, nearly oblong, rigid-coriaceous,
usually 7-15 cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. broad, contracted at base into
petiolules 2-4 mm. long, shortly acuminate, pinnately nerved and
reticulate-veined; stipules linear or linear falcate, caducous; peduncles
axillary and subterminal or clustered, several cm. long, the ovoid
spikes finally with rachis more than 2 cm. long; bracts minute,
caducous; calyx cylindrical, finely striate, typically to 6 or 8 mm. long,
the teeth short; corolla often about 12 mm. long, white, glabrous,
the stamen tube included; pods thick, the margins slightly raised,
straight or a little curved, sessile, glabrous, but densely lenticellate,
10-12 cm. long, about 3 cm. broad (Ducke). Description after
Bentham. Var. latifolia Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5: 120.
1930, is more robust in all parts, the leaflets to 21 cm. long, 11 cm.
broad. /. stipularis DC., 610, has broad persisting stipules, greenish
flowers 8 mm. long; /. fakistipula Ducke, I.e. 2: 56. 1918, is similar
to the DeCandolle species and like it to be expected, but is much
more slender in all parts, the stipules linear-falcate, scarcely sub-
persisting, and flowers at a different time. Different but keying here
is I. semiglabra Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 186. 1916, of
Ecuador, leaflets membranous, 3 pairs, flowers scarcely 10 mm. long,

the calyx 5-6 mm. long; its relationship is with the Brazilian I.
leiocalycina Benth., 612, also possibly extending into Peru, with
corolla 8 mm. long, silky-villous all over, the glabrous calyx 4 mm.
long. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 128. F.M. Neg.
33442.
Mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4123 (det. Harms,
Loreto:
"affine").Yurimaguas, Kuhlmann 17513 (type, var. latifolia).
Rio Acre: Ule 9914 (det. Harms, "var."); 9420. Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 19
Inga chartacea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 79. 1845;
616. /. calophylla Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 298. 1915.
Younger parts, especially the peduncles and leaves beneath on

the prominent reticulate veins and nerves, sparsely hirsutulous with
spreading, usually rusty trichomes; leaf-rachis usually broadly winged,
the internodes 4-6 cm. long, the scutellate glands prominent; leaflets
2-3 pairs, subsessile or stoutly petiolulate, broadly oblong-elliptic,
shortly narrowed to the truncate or subcordate base, acuminate,
rigid chartaceous, glabrous and slightly lustrous above, the nerves
impressed, the larger about 2 dm. long, nearly half as broad; peduncles
fascicled, 2 cm. long or much shorter; spikes subglobose, about 1 cm.
in diameter; calyx 2-3 mm. long, more or less puberulent, the tri-
chomes scarcely appressed; corolla somewhat silky-strigose, 5-7 mm.
long, the stamen tube included; pods 14-18 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm.
broad, densely transversely lineate, straight or curved (Ducke, as
/. calophylla). Stipules according to Ducke (as I. calophylla) small,
subpersisting, truncate at tip. Cf. /. Bonplandiana. Klug 1319
seems to belong here as to leaves, pubescence, flowers, but the leaf-
rachi are obscurely or not margined. /. cyclocarpa Ducke, Archiv.
Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 14. 1925, is apparently more densely rusty-
tomentulose, leaf-rachis only margined, the peduncles sometimes

3 cm. long, the flowers rather densely pubescent, the pods strongly
arcuate, often nearly circinate. F.M. Negs. 1076; 1142 (/. calophylla).
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4108 (distributed under an un-
published name Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig
after the locality).
2479, type. Balsapuerto, Klug 3087; 3092. Mishuyacu, Klug 1319(1) .
Iquitos, Tessmann 3563 (det. Harms, /. Bourgoni). Rio Acre: Ule

9427 (type, /. calophylla). Bolivia; Brazil.
Inga cinnamomea Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt.

2: 470. 1876.
Glabrous tree, the leaves with 3 pairs of oblong-elliptic leaflets,

the flowers sessile in long peduncled heads; rachis emarginate, the
glands small; leaflets shortly acuminate or rounded at tip, more or
less cuneate at base (petiolule 4-6 mm. long), membranous-charta-
ceous, concolored, prominently pinnate-nerved and slenderly veined,
the larger to 2 dm. long, 8 cm. broad; peduncles 5-8 cm. long, some-
times fascicled in short racemes at the nodes; flower-heads globose,
the caducous bracts narrowly linear, shorter than the calyx, this
(3) 5 mm. long, attenuate at base, shortly dentate, scarcely exceeded
by the corolla; stamens white, the tube shortly exserted. Stipules
foliaceous, more or less persisting according to Pittier. Flowers

delightfully fragrant of cinnamon, the tree beautiful, 15 meters tall
or taller (Spruce). Branches frequently inhabited by ants (Pseu-
domyrma), the fruit large (Ducke). Illustrated, Mart. I.e. pi. 124.
Rio Acre: Ule 9432 (det. Harms). Mouth of Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5654W. Brazil. "Inga-assu."
Inga conferta Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 620.

1845; 630.
Branchlets, these angled, leaflets both sides and inflorescences
except the silky-villous corollas finely puberulent; leaf-rachis and
glands prominent; leaflets 5-6 pairs, oblong-elliptic, shortly acumi-
nate, 1-3 dm. long, 5 cm. to about half as broad, subcoriaceous,
prominently reticulate beneath, the conspicuous nerves only about
5 mm. distant; peduncles fascicled, the upper closely corymbose,
only 1-2 cm. long, about equaled by the spikes; calyx 6 mm. long,
the corolla 12-14 mm. long; stamen tube little if at all exserted.
The oblong-lanceolate bracts about 5 mm. long are caducous at
anthesis. Cf. I. scabrittscula under /. edulis.
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Mathews 1595, type). San Roque, 1,400

meters, Williams 7354 (det. Harms, /. edulis). Junin: Chanchamayo
Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 399 (distr. as /. scabriuscula).
"Guava."
Inga cordatoalata Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 53.

1922.
Glabrous, with bifoliate leaves, the petioles 1-2 cm. long, rather
conspicuously wing-margined, with a sessile cupulate gland at apex;
leaflets oblong-elliptic or obliquely ovate-oblong, obtusely acumi-
nate, mostly 7-12 cm. long, 3-4.5 cm. broad, coriaceous, lustrous
and obscurely veiny above, distinctly so beneath; racemes often
binate in the axils or at the old defoliate leaf-nodes, shortly
peduncled, 5 cm. long or longer, laxly flowered, the pedicels nearly
1 mm. long or shorter; calyx minute, less than 1 mm. long; corolla
to 3.5 mm.long, the stamen tube not exserted; pods about 1 dm.
long, 2 cm. broad, rounded at both ends, apiculate at tip, strongly
impressed between the seeds, the margins nerviform. Tree to 12
meters, the flowers white. F.M. Neg. 1144.
Loreto: Pumayacu, Klug 3189 (det. Standl.). Brazil.
Inga coriacea (Pers.) Desv. Journ. Bot. 1: 71. 1814; 603.

Mimosa coriacea Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 262. 1807. /. sertulifera DC.
Prodr. 2: 436. 1825.
FLORA OF PERU 21
Allied to C. myriantha but the peduncles and pedicels longer or

at least very slender, the latter even thread-like and the leaf-rachis
nearly or quite emarginate; leaflets 1 or 2 pairs, ovate, acuminate,
lustrous, coriaceous, the larger 15 cm. long, half as broad, often
much smaller; peduncles sometimes fasciculate; pedicels numerous,
8-15 mm. long, or longer; calyx about 2 mm. long, the corolla 8-10
mm. long, the stamen tube more or less exserted; pods subsessile
to 10 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad. The var. leptopus (Benth.) Macbr.,
comb. nov. (I. leptopus Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 580.
1845; I. sertulifera var. leptopus Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 603.
1875), has extraordinarily slender pedicels even 2.5 cm. long.
Possibly the Peruvian material should all be referred to the variety;
the young branchlets of the typical form are puberulent, lenticellate,
the stamen tube scarcely exserted, the flowers somewhat smaller.
To 10 meters tall, with slender columnar trunk, the bark with short
horizontal ridges and numerous lenticels (Williams). Illustrated,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: pi. 86. F.M. Neg. 28121.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6800 (det. Harms). Lamas,
Mathews 1592. Loreto: Florida, Klug 2318 (var.). Locality un-
known, Poeppig 2146. Rio Acre: Ule 9422 (or strongly affine,
Harms). To the Guianas.
Inga cynometrifolia Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48:

159. 1907.
Glabrous or nearly, with short often curved or tortuous branch-

lets; leaflets mostly 2 pairs, obovate-oblong, cuneately acute at base,
obtuse or very shortly and obtusely acuminate, finally coriaceous,
lustrous, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. broad; rachis slightly if at all
margined; peduncles 2-3.5 cm. long, the pedicels 7-11 mm. long,
puberulent or glabrous; umbels many-flowered; calyx 3-4 mm.
long, the corolla 9-10 mm. long; stamen tube little exserted.
Separated by the author from I. sciadion Steud. by its essentially
emarginate rachis and slightly puberulent inflorescence and from
/. umbellifera Steud. by the smaller and less acuminate leaflets. It
may be a variety of /. tarapotensis. F.M. Neg. 1146.
San Martin: Juan Guerra, Ule 6452, type. Chazuta, Klug 4151.
Inga densiflora Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 617. 1875.

Doubtfully distinct from I. chartacea (or /. Bonplandiana) but
as to type, the leaflets to 15 cm. long, 5 cm. wide or smaller, their
internodes only 2-2.5 cm. long, the glands small; peduncles short,
corymbosely crowded at the apex of the branchlets, fasciculate on

a rachis 5-7 cm. long; bracts 2 mm. long, persisting; calyx 3-4 mm.
long, the sericeous corolla 8 mm. long; pods 3 dm. long, 5 cm. broad,
thick, hard, transversely lineate. Leaflets lustrous and subglabrous
above, pubescent beneath. F.M. Neg. 1078.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4504, type. Colombia?
Inga Donaeana Macbr., spec. nov.

Pavonianae partium omnium forma et dimensionibus similis
/.
differtfoliolis supra sparse hirsutulis, subtus submolliter pilosis;
calyce striato, dense adpresse striguloso haud setuloso; staminum

tubo haud exserto. Included by Bentham in /. Pavoniana but not
at that species as to pubescence of calyx; that of the leaves is
all
softer. It seems necessary to accept a much wider range of varia-

tion in specific lines here or consider it as distinct. Mathews 307,
1924 from Casapi may belong here (not seen). The pod (probably
belonging here rather than to /. Pavoniana), presumably according
to Bentham to be associated with this tree, was described as 7.5
cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, glabrous, fleshy, the margins strongly
elevated. F.M. Negs. 1104; 32060.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4503, type.
Inga edulis Mart. Flora 20: Beibl. 2: 113. 1837; 630.
Usually small tree or sometimes attaining 16 meters, the branch-

lets, peduncles and leaf-rachi rusty-puberulent, the latter promi-
nently wing-margined, the cupulate glands large; leaflets 4-6 pairs,
oblong-elliptic, acuminate, the terminal 1.5 dm. long, about half
as broad, membranous, minutely puberulent both sides, more densely
so on the reticulate nerves and veins beneath; peduncles 2-4 cm.
long, solitary in the upper axils or fasciculate and subcorymbose;
flowers sessile, the puberulent tomentulose striate calyx 5-8 mm.
long, the silky-villous corolla 14-20 mm. long; bractlets oblong-
lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, caducous by full anthesis; pods often
3 dm. long or longer, about 1 cm. thick, subterete by the develop-
ment of the multisulcate margins, the faces thus nearly covered.
Frequently cultivated near dwellings for the edible fruits and,
according to Williams, common in thickets and wooded swamps.
The following collections (det. Harms) match several made by Tess-
mann in Loreto. /. scabriuscula Benth., 629, has more open-faced
pods, often smaller leaflets, the indument, fide Ducke, more per-
sistent, the calyx more minutely puberulent; it seems to be doubt-
FLORA OF PERU 23
fully distinguishable in flower. Ducke, Leg. Amaz. Bras. 22. 1939,

includes Peru in its range but I have seen no specimens that are
not more probably /. edulis unless /. conferta, which compare, is
the same. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 136.
San Martin: Juan Guerra, 720 meters, Williams 6896. Loreto:
La Victoria, Williams 2690. Rio Nanay, Williams 273. Pro,
Williams 1997. Near Iquitos, Kittip & Smith 29869; Williams 7893.
Yurimaguas, Williams 4223; Killip & Smith 27662. To the Guianas
and Central America. "Inga cipo," "guaba," "pacay."
Inga Endlicheri (Kuntze) Macbr., comb. nov. Feuilleea End-

licheriKuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 185. 1891. /. fasciculata Poepp. &
Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 79. 1845, not Willd. 1806.
Allied to C. edulis and marked chiefly by the softer short-pilose
pubescence of the leaflets beneath and the smaller flowers, these
only 8-11 mm. long; leaflets 4 pairs, broadly elliptic, acute, rounded
at base, the larger 15 cm. long, half as broad; bracts ovate, 2 mm.
long, subpersisting, the calyx about 5 mm.
long; pods plane, com-
pressed, finally glabrous, to 2 dm.
long, 2.5 cm. thick with a sweet
edible pulp, the consistency of cotton. The lateral leaf nerves
beneath are rather prominent, 8-10 mm. distant, the veins rather
obscure. F.M. Neg. 1082.
Huanuco: Cuchero, Poeppig 1340, type. "Pacay amarillo."
Inga Feuillei DC. Prodr. 2: 433. 1825; 628. I. Cumingiana

Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 616. 1845.
Young branchlets, leaf-rachi, inflorescences including the calyces
and pods densely rusty pubescent with a short tomentose-villous
indument; rachis wings rather prominent, the glands scarcely so;
leaflets 3-5 pairs, oblong-elliptic, obliquely rounded at base, acumi-
nate, finely reticulate, sparsely hirsutulous above, or the midnerve

usually rusty-villous, hirsute-villous on the nerves and veins beneath,
subcoriaceous, the larger terminal ones 1-2 dm. long, about 8 cm.
broad; peduncles axillary, 4-11 cm. long, the spikes to 3 cm. long;
bracts linear, shorter than the calyx, mostly persisting until after
anthesis; calyx tubular, 8-10 mm. long with short acutish teeth;
mm. long, or slightly longer,
corolla densely sericeous-villous, 17
the stamen tube included; pods flat, 2 to several dm. long, about
2 cm. broad with dilated obscurely bisulcate margins. Becoming
a large tree with spreading crown.
As noted by the first collector, commonly planted in Lima for
shade and for the pods which under the name of "pacai" are much
appreciated for the succulent sweet pulp about the seeds; this
according to Ruiz & Pavon is like white cotton, juicy and sweet,
of pleasant flavor and is much esteemed by the fair sex because real
de pacai serves for entertainment at the holidays. Pittier, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 197. 1916, pointed out the real identity of
DeCandolle's species and most of the many references given by
Weberbauer probably refer to /. adenophylla, the species in a strict
sense apparently being confined to Lima and vicinity. It com-
memorates the French priest Louis Feuille"e whose three volume
Journal des Observations Physiques, Mathematiques et Botaniques
was the first scientific account of the plants of Peru. He lived
in Peru and Chile from 1709 to 1711.
Lima: Chosica, 502. Near Lima, FeuilUe, type; Raimondi;
Cuming 980 (type, /. Cumingiana). Cuzco: Santa Ana, in coca
field, 900 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1573, fide Pittier. "Pacai."
Inga graciliflora Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 582. 1845; 603.
Similar to I. coriacea; branchlets slender, puberulent or glabrate

as also the emarginate leaflets; leaflets 3 pairs, oblong-elliptic, the
larger 1.5 dm. long, half as broad, somewhat puberulent on the nerves
beneath, firm chartaceous; umbels lateral, subsessile or the puberu-
lent peduncles to 10 mm. long, the pedicels about half as long;
flowers typically slightly puberulent, the calyx scarcely 1 mm. long,
the corolla 6 mm. long, the stamen tube long-exserted. The Peru-
vian form may be known as var. peruviana Macbr., var. nov., foliis
praecipue ad nervos puberulis, late ellipticis. Williams 684, type.
About 15 meters with spreading crown, uncommon in dense forests
(Williams). F.M. Neg. 28114.
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Tessmann 5214 (det. Harms). Rio Nanay,
Williams 684. British Guiana.
Inga heterophylla Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1020. 1806; 602. /. um-

bellata G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 391. 1852.
Shrub or small tree, glabrous, the densely leafy branchlets slender;
leaflets 1-2 (3-4) pairs, oblong-lanceolate, gradually acuminate,
coriaceous, lustrous, the larger 5-7 cm. long; peduncles 5-15 mm.
long, the pedicels 4-8 mm. long; calyx scarcely 1 mm. long, the
corolla 5-6 mm. long, the stamen tube more or less exserted; pods
shortly stiped to 12 cm. long or longer, 1-2 cm. broad; rachis ob-
scurely if at all margined. /. mapiriensis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 18: 174. 1916, has, in type from Bolivia, calyx 2.5-3 mm. long,
FLORA OF PERU 25
corolla7-8 mm. long; in other material the distinction is not marked.

/.Duckei Huber, Amazonian, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 375. 1909, if sought
here may be known by its subsessile flowers and large pods only
4-5 cm. long; the rachis of the capitate inflorescences is 4-10 mm.
long (Ducke). F.M. Negs. 1087; 23029.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4583. Near Moyobamba, King
3521. Junin: San Ramon, Killip & Smith 24798. Ayacucho:
Choimacota Valley, evergreen bush-wood, 1,400 meters, Weberbauer
7541. To the West Indies.
Inga hirsutissima Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 349. 1907.

/. chrysotricha Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 202. 1916.
Strikingly hirsute with spreading yellow trichomes, only the

membranous striate broad persisting stipules and bracts and the
strongly toothed calyces lightly so or even glabrate; leaf-rachis
winged with paired or confluent glands between the 1-5 pairs of
these ovate-oblong, subsessile, rounded at base, acutely
leaflets,
acuminate, membranous, the larger to 12 cm. long, half as broad,
the basal pair about a third as large; peduncles solitary or geminate,
usually several cm. long, the spikes ovoid; calyx 7-14 mm. long, or
somewhat longer, the teeth narrowly ovate or linear-oblong; corolla
15-20 mm. long, densely villous, the stamen tube included; pods
about 2 dm. long, 4 cm. broad, stiped, rounded and cuspidate at
tip, densely golden-hispid. Pittier's species was separated chiefly
on the basis of larger flowers, the calyx to 16 mm. long or slightly
longer, the corolla to 22 mm. long, while the equivalent dimensions
for Rusby's plant are scarcely 7 mm. and 16 mm.; however, these
differences it seems to me do not hold nor as shown by examination
of cotype sheets is there any constancy in the confluence and separa-
tion of the rachis glands.
Cuzco: Lucmayo Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1390 (det. Pittier, /.

chrysotricha). Bolivia. "Pacay."
Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1012. 1806; 631. Mimosa
ingoides Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 113. 1792.
Tree, the angled branchlets and peduncles reddish-brown or

rusty tomentose-puberulent; leaf-rachis broadly winged, the glands
orbicular, rather conspicuous, the leaflets usually4-5 pairs, broadly
elliptic, rounded at base, shortly acuminate, the larger 15 cm. long,
8-10 cm. broad, the lowest pair less than half as large, finally sub-
coriaceous, puberulent above, rather softly pubescent beneath;
peduncles 1-3 cm. long, solitary or fascicled in axillary racemes and

subtended by subpersisting bracts; racemes about 3 cm. long, the
small oblong bracts caducous, the pedicels 3-8 mm. long; calyx about
8 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, the corolla 12-14 mm. long, silky-villous;
stamen tube included; pods similar to those of /. edulis but nearly
twice as thick according to Pittier. Sometimes over 20 meters tall
with straight columnar trunk, the bark light-colored with short
horizontal fissures (Williams). Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 14,'
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: pi. 105 (fruit).
Loreto: La Rio Itaya, Williams 8293.

Victoria, Williams 2694.
To the West Indies and Central America. "Shimbillo."
Inga Killipiana Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor 5 m. alta; ramulis junioribus petiolis pedunculisque dense
fulvo-villoso-tomentosis; foliolis 4-jugis petiolulatis (petiolo communi
haud marginatis, glandulis conspicuis cupuliformis) obovatis apice
abrupte acutis, ad 14 cm. longis, 7 cm. latis, subcoriaceis, supra
leviter subadpresse hispidulosis, margine (et costa media praesertim
ad basin) conspicue fulvo-villosis, subtus imprimis ad nervos sub-
adpresse pilosis, venulis tenuiter reticulatis; pedunculis solitariis,
3-6 cm. longis; spicis ovoideis, 3 cm. longis; bracteis caducis; floribus
sessilibus, calyce sparse hispidulo-setuloso, 10 mm. longo; corolla
17 mm. longa, flava, dense sericeo-strigosa; filamentorum tubus haud
exsertus. Related to I. peltadenia and /. setifera. I. rhabdotocalyx
Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 526. 1915, Ecuadorian, is similar but
the pubescence is hirsutulous.

3743, type.
Inga Klugii Standl., in herb.
Arbor, 7 m. alta, glabra; foliolis 2 jugis breviter petiolulatis

(petiolo communi haud marginato) late ellipticis vel subobovatis
paullo ad basin oblique angustatis, apice rotundatis, apiculatis vel

obtusis, ad 18 cm. longis, 10 cm. latis subcoriaceis, vix nitidulis supra
obscure subtus distincte tenuiterque reticulato-venosis; spicis ses-
silibus (vel fere) solitariis vel geminatis, axillaribus vel supra axillari-
bus, 1-5 cm. longis; bracteolis minutis ut videtur caducis; floribus

sessilibus, calyce obscure pulverulento vix 1 mm. longo, corolla
(vel lobis plus minusve exceptis) glabra 5 mm. longa, staminum tubo
longe exserto. Suggests I. Bourgoni (Aubl.) DC. of the Guianas,
FLORA OF PERU 27
a species with margined petioles, usually peduncled and fascicled

spikes with somewhat larger flowers. Flowers cream-colored (Klug).
San Martin: Chazuta, 260 meters, Klug 4112, type.
Inga lallensis Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 603.

1875.
Glabrate or the branchlets early minutely puberulent, otherwise
glabrous; stipules small; rachis emarginate with 3-4 pairs of oblong
elliptic acuminate leaflets; flowers white in densely flowered axillary
geminate long-peduncled umbels; leaflets acute at base, the larger
1.5 (2) dm. long, 5 (9) cm. broad, finally chartaceous, slightly or
not at all lustrous; peduncles 6-12 cm. long, the pedicels to 4 mm.
long; calyx 2 mm. long, the corolla about 7 mm. long; stamen tube
slightly exserted. Attains 12 meters. The Schunke specimen has
lustrous subcoriaceous ample leaflets, corollas 7-9 mm. long; cf.
/. tenuistipula and note. I. inundata Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot.
Rio Jan. 3: 48. 1922, has corolla 10-12 mm. long, the peduncles
only 2-4 cm. long.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 257 (distr. as I. umbratica).
Woods above Lalla, eastern Peru, (Spruce, type). "Shymbillo."
Inga lateriflora Miq. in Linnaea 19: 131. 1845; 602.

Similar to 7. myriantha but typically with subequal pedicels and
calyx, each only 1 mm. long; corolla 4-5 mm. long; peduncles to
1.5 cm. long; leaflets 2-3 pairs, coriaceous, lustrous, lanceolate or
ovate-oblong, obtusely acuminate, acute at base, the larger 5-7.5 cm.

long, about 2.5 cm. broad; umbels mostly 2 to several, racemosely
disposed on short branchlets or sometimes fascicled; stamen tube
long-exserted; pods shortly stiped, to 15 cm. long, 12 mm. broad,
glabrous. Several Peruvian collections have been referred to this
I. obidensis Ducke, and var. pilosa Ducke,
species; cf. 7. myriantha.
both Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 9: 49. 1922, found as near Peru as
the Rio Purus, have broader leaflets, flowers about a third larger.
F.M. Neg. 1089.
Peru (perhaps). Brazil to Surinam.
Inga laxiflora Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 617. 1845;

631.
Reddish velutinous on the younger parts and calyces as 7. ingoides,

but the leaflets oblong-elliptic, the larger 8 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad,
the peduncles about 6 cm. long supporting a laxly flowered raceme
nearly as long; leaflets in age somewhat lustrous and hirsutulous on

both sides; bracts oblong-linear, caducous; pedicels 2-4 mm. long,
calyx 8 mm. long, the corolla 18 mm. long; stamen tube slightly
exserted. F.M. Neg. 28120.
Peru: Sesuya, Mathews 3274, type.
Inga lineata Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 594. 1845;

613. 7. monzonensis Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 88. 1908.
Branchlets, petioles and peduncles densely rusty-puberulent with

short, somewhat spreading firm trichomes; rachis emarginate, the
glands large, sessile, cupulate, the terminal bristle subpersisting;
3-4 pairs, ovate or oblong-elliptic, obliquely narrowed to
leaflets
the obtuse or rounded base, acuminate, the largest 15 cm. long,
nearly half as broad, lustrous and slightly reticulate-veined above,
appressed strigillose both sides especially on the midnerve and
prominent but slender parallel lateral nerves beneath, these also
clearlymarked above; peduncles fascicled in the axils, 1-3 cm. long,
the upper shortly panicled, the rather laxly flowered spikes about
2 cm. long; bracts minute, subpersisting; calyx sparsely appressed
puberulent, 3 mm. long; corolla 4-5 mm. long, silky-strigose, the
stamen tube included or shortly exserted. F.M. Neg. 28123 (7.
monzonensis).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Mathews 1594, type. Near Moyobamba,
1,100 meters, tree 20 meters, the flowers cream-colored, Klug 3695
(det. Standl., 7. punctate,). Huanuco: Between Monzon and the
Rio Huallaga, 600 meters, Weberbauer 3644 (type, 7. monzonensis).
Inga longipes Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 617. 1875.

To 8 meters high with spreading crown, the ample leaflets beneath
and peduncles shortly and softly rusty-tomentose; leaf-rachis wings
1-2.5 cm. broad, the glands depressed; leaflets 3-4 pairs, about 2 dm.
long, half as wide, subcoriaceous, impressed, reticulate-veined above
and glabrate except for the densely pubescent midnerve; spikes
oblong, 4-7 cm. long on peduncles as long or longer, the almost
minute bracts caducous after anthesis; calyx glabrous, finely striate,
12 mm. long, the silky- villous corolla about twice as long; stamen
yellowish-green, the tube included. The Williams collection was
determined by Harms as 7. velutina; the immature pods showing
a strigose calyx are strongly curved, 10 cm. long, nearly 2 cm. broad,
the faces nearly closed by the flat enlarged margins, densely rusty-
tomentose. F.M. Neg. 1094.
FLORA OF PERU 29
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4935, type. Juanjui, King 4381.

Loreto: Santa Rosa, Williams 4777(1). "Rosea-shimbillo."
Inga lopadadenia Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 178.

1927.
Tree, the glabrous branchlets densely lenticellate, angulate, the

leaf-rachis glands conspicuous, orbicular, cupulate, the leaflets 3 or
4 pairs, shortly petiolulate, elliptic, sometimes broadly so, even to
9 cm. wide and twice as long, usually a third smaller, slightly oblique
at the rounded base, shortly acuminate, glabrous, subcoriaceous,
the lateral nerves slightly impressed above, prominent beneath;
spikes axillary, geminate or solitary or sometimes fascicled on short
branchlets, many-flowered, 7-12 cm. long, puberulent; calyces sub-
sessile, about 1 mm. long, puberulent as the corolla, this 4-4.5 mm.
long, the stamen tube little exserted. Type 8 meters high, in flood-
free woods, the flowers greenish, somewhat fragrant (Tessmann);
flowers white (Klug). F.M. Neg. 1154.
Loreto: Near Iquitos, Tessmann 5121, type; Klug 1154 (det.
Harms). Florida, Klug 2128. "Mitifio."
Inga loretana Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor 8 m. alta; ramulis teretibus junioribus pedunculisque
paullo puberulentis demum glabratis; foliolis 4-5 jugis crasse
petiolulatis (petiolo communi nudo) late ellipticis, 10-16 cm. longis,
4.5-7.5 cm. latis, cuspidatis, basi suboblique rotundatis, rigide
chartaceis, glabris, vix nitidulis, praecipue subtus reticulato-venosis;
pedunculis ut videtur plus minusve paniculatis interdum 5 cm. longis;
floribus capitatis evidenter pedicellatis (pedicellis ad 2.5 mm. longis)
calyce minute puberulento, vix striato circa 6 mm. longo, corolla
breviter adpresseque strigosa circa 12 mm. longa. Flowers
white;
bracts small, caducous; rachis glands orbicular, sessile, moderately
large. There is only one ovoid head developed.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1308 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Inga macrophylla Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1015.

1806; 622. /. calocephala Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 78.
1845, fide Benth.
Tree with flexuous angled branchlets, ample bright green leaves
consisting of 3-4 pairs of broadly oval leaflets, and geminate or
fasciculate peduncled ovoid spikes of white flowers with glabrous
calyces, lustrous-villous elongate corollas and many white long-
exserted stamens; stipules rotund ovate, often 1 cm. broad and as

long or longer, persisting; leaf-rachis broadly winged, the cupulate
glands prominent; leaflets shortly acuminate, rounded at base,
usually 2 dm. long or longer, half as wide, chartaceous, lustrous
above, paler beneath, slightly hispidulous on the nerves, these
prominent, the veins reticulate; peduncles hispidulous or glabrate,
2-6 cm. long, the ovoid spikes persistently bracted, the bracts about
6 mm. long, half as broad; calyces tubular, striate, to 15 mm.
long, sometimes with a few trichomes, the corolla finally 4 cm. long;
stamen tube included as to Peruvian specimens. Pods large to
4 dm. long, 4.5 cm. wide, the hispidity disappearing in age except
along the strongly dilated margins; common in the Amazon region
in argillaceous non-inundated soils and often cultivated for the
very pulpy fruits (Ducke). F.M. Neg. 1090.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2673. Loreto: Yuri-
maguas, Poeppig 2111 (type, /. calocephala). Near Iquitos, Klug
89 (det. Harms). Contamana, Kittip &
Smith 26871. Bolivia to
Venezuela.
Inga marginata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1015. 1806; 608. I. excelsa

Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 78. 1845. I. pycnostachya Benth.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 589. 1845. /. odorata G. Don, Gen.
Syst. 2: 388. 1832(?).
Usually a medium-sized glabrous tree or the slender lenticellate
branchlets apically somewhat rusty-puberulent as also the more or
less margined leaf-rachi and spikes including the almost minute
calyces, these barely 1 mm. long; leaflets 2 (3) pairs, oblong-lanceo-
late, or oblong-elliptic, ordinarily 7-12 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. broad,
or on vigorous shoots the terminal at least larger, obliquely acute
at base, acuminate, chartaceous in age; glands sessile, cupulate;
spikes very shortly peduncled, solitary or geminate, often 7 cm. long
or longer, the bracts small, persisting er more or less promptly
caducous; flowers sometimes minutely and obscurely pedicellate,
white, fragrant, the corolla glabrous or nearly, 4 (5) mm. long, the
staminal tube typically exserted but in some forms not at all; pods
flat, to 12 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad, rounded at both ends, apiculate
at tip, striate-veined, glabrous, the margins nerviform. Variable;
Williams 92 may be designated var. itayensis Macbr., var. nov.,
corollis ad 6 mm. longis. /. fagifolia (L.) Willd., 607, as it has been
interpreted, is very similar if indeed specifically distinct. Hassler,

Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 154. 1919, proposed /. fagifolia var. marginata
(Willd.) Hassl., and other variants, interpreting the Linnean plant
FLORA OF PERU 31
as having generally larger leaflets, corollas to 6 mm. long, and his

action would be accepted except that probably /. fagifolia L. and
I. fagifolia of authors are not the same; cf. I. yacoana. Sometimes
nearly 20 meters high, the crown flat or spreading (Williams).
Specimens determined by Harms except as indicated. Illustrated,
Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 125. F.M. Negs. 1091; 32057.
Cajamarca: Hacienda de Ninabamba, Prov. deChota, (Raimondi).
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 3793 (det. Standl.). Pongo de Caina-
rachi, Klug 2669 (det. Standl.). Huanuco: Casapi, Mathews 1922.
Cuchero, Poeppig 1335 (type, /. excelsa). Junin: Colonia Perene",
Killip & Smith 25133 (det. Standl.). La Merced, 5427. Vitoc,
(Raimondi). San Martin: Moyobamba, (Mathews, type, /. pycno-
stachya); Weberbauer 4768; 288. Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 9; 92
(det. Harms, var.). Santa Rosa, Williams 4927. Yurimaguas,
Williams 4217. La Victoria, Williams 3184. Rio Nanay, Williams
499. Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5310(1).
Locality unknown, Ruiz & Pavon. Bolivia to Central America.
"Huaro," "uscopacay," "shimbillo," "Colorado," "pacay del monte."
Inga Mathewsiana Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 594.

1845; 594.
Small or medium-sized tree with 5-6 foliolate leaves and clustered
peduncles bearing subglobose heads of white flowers in the upper
axils or at the ends of leafy puberulent or shortly villous branchlets;
stipules ovate-lanceolate; leaf-rachis emarginate, the circular glands

depressed; leaflets oblong, usually somewhat elliptic, shortly acute
at base, more or less acuminate, those of the flowering branchlets
ordinarily about 10 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, or apparently as
interpreted here to 3 times as long as broad, subcoriaceous, scarcely
lustrous, moderately reticulate both sides and glabrate unless ob-
scurely puberulent on the veins; bracts 2 mm. long, subpersisting;
calyx 5-6 mm. long, appressed puberulent; corolla 10-12 mm. long,
silky-pilose,the stamen tube included, or apparently sometimes
shortly exserted; pods (as to Rusby 996, det. Pittier) 6 cm. long, 2.5
cm. broad, several mm. thick, the margins little thickened, glabrous.
My 5797 in fruit has pod 7.5 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, obtuse at each
end, evanescently puberulent and may belong here but the mature
leaves are rather densely and crisply pilose beneath. This includes
as described I. nobilis (which compare) in large part as to Peru. /.
olivacea Sprague, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 22: 430. 1904, of Colombia,
found, according to Britton & Killip, as near as the Rio Putumayo,

has very slender, sparsely setulose calyces and corollas. Flowers faintly
fragrant, borne in such profusion that the tree crown seems white
(Woytkowski). F.M. Neg. 28126.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2722. Rioja, 900 meters,
Woytkowski 23 (det. Standl., /. nobilis). Moyobamba, Malhews,
type. Junin: La Merced, 5797(1). Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose
Schunke 39 (det. Standl.). Above Rancho Indiana, overflowed
bank, Mexia 6407 (det. Standl., /. nobilis). Bolivia. "Shimbillo."
Inga maynensis Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 613. 1875.

Branchlets, petioles and peduncles densely reddish-tomentulose;
stipules short, ovate, caducous; leaf-rachis emarginate, the glands
orbicular, sessile, small or rather large; leaflets subsessile, 2 pairs,
narrowed to the obtuse
oblong-elliptic or broadly elliptic, slightly
base, abruptly and very shortly acuminate, mostly about 10 cm.
long, half as broad, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, the
prominent parallel nerves beneath as the midnerve more or less
densely fulvous-pubescent, the fine veins glabrate; peduncles axillary,
2-3 cm. long, the spikes subcapitate with rachis only 4-6 mm. long,
the minute bracts often caducous; calyx closely and minutely puberu-
lent, obscurely striate, 6 mm. long; corolla silky-strigose, 12-14 mm.
long, the stamen tube included; pods sessile, strongly oblique at
base, plane, glabrous, the margins scarcely elevated, 1.5 dm. long
or longer, 2.5 cm. broad. Bentham referred with query to the
closely related I. rufinervis Spruce, 612, a specimen by Spruce from
Yurimaguas which it seems probable should be included here; it
is not clear anyway that there is any fundamental distinction between
the species. F.M. Neg. 32058.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig (Herb. Vienna, type); also Spruce,
same locality, cf. note above. Brazil?
Inga microcoma Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 301.

1915.
Glabrous except for the puberulent, shortly peduncled axillary
spikes which identify the species readily by their slenderness, the
flowers only 3-4 mm. long and, at least as to type, fully equaled by
the oblanceolate bracts; leaf-rachis narrowly margined with 2 pairs
of subsessile leaflets, these oblong-elliptic or slightly obovate, obtuse
or acute at base, rounded or shortly acuminate at apex, 3.5-10 cm.
long, 2-4.5 cm. broad; spikes shortly peduncled, 4 cm. long or longer;
calyx 1-1.5 mm. long. Tree 20 to 30 meters high, the flowers white.
FLORA OF PERU 33
The Krukoff specimen has laxly flowered spikes, the bracts apparently
shorter than the calyces but these are not yet fully developed. F.M.
Neg. 1156.
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9431. Mouth of Rio
Macauhan, Krukoff 5392. Brazil?
Inga myriantha Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 77. pi.
289. 1845; 601.
Tree, recorded to 10 meters high, glabrous except for a minute

and sparse pubescence on the young leaves and umbellate inflores-
cences; branchlets terete or nearly, lenticellate; stipules linear,

caducous or subpersisting; leaflets 2 pairs, the rachis broadly and
obcuneately winged, the blades oblong-elliptic, acuminate, the upper
about 12 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, the lower pair half as large, lustrous,
reticulate-veined both sides, coriaceous; glands orbicular, scutellate;
umbels axillary on short branchlets, the peduncles 3-4 cm. long, the
slender pedicels (4) 10-18 mm. long; bracts subulate; calyx 3-5 mm.
long, dentate, the slender greenish corolla 10 mm. long; stamens
white, their tube included or scarcely exserted. Illustrated, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: pi. 85. F.M. Neg. 1097.
San Martin: Chazuta, King 4152 (distr. as I. lateriflora). Near
Moyobamba, Klug 3692 (distr. as I. lateriflora). Junin: Chancha-
mayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 1611; 1812. Loreto: Yuri-
maguas, in dense woods, Poeppig, type. Near Iquitos, Klug 2522
(distr. as /. lateriflora). Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4135
(pedicels 3-4 mm. long; det. Harms, I. umbratica, pedicels shorter).
Locality unknown, Mathews 1593. To the Guianas.
Inga nobilis Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1047. 1809; 614.

In general like I. punctata and /. Ruiziana, but, at least as to type,
with pedicellate flowers, the pedicels to 1 mm. long; leaflets 3-4
pairs, ovate or oblong-elliptic, acuminate, subchartaceous, glabrous
except on the nerves and veins beneath, the latter commonly reticu-
late both sides; rachis emarginate, usually bristle- tipped, the glands
small; peduncles to 6 cm. long, the racemes scarcely 1.5 cm. long;
calyx 5 mm. long, the corolla at least typically only 8 mm.
long; pods 1-1.5 dm. long, 2 cm. broad, the margins thickened.
Apparently rare in Peru or more probably the species is variable and
the diagnosis should be drawn to include forms treated as related
species. Simulates some forms of I. quaternata. I. Rusbyi Pittier,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 179. 1916, Bolivian, would key here;
the spikes at anthesis are globose, bracts persisting, flowers sessile,

the glabrate calyx 5-6 mm. long, the corolla appressed silky strigose
toward tip, 8-9.7 mm. long. Klug 3259 simulates /. Mathewsiana
but for the pedicelled shorter flowers. In Dahlem Tessmann 3875
and 371 from Loreto, the corollas about 10 mm. long, have been
referred here. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 129. F.M.
Neg. 1101.
San Martin: Near Moyobamba, Klug 3259 (det. Standl.).
Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23485 (1). Loreto:Middle
Ucayali, Tessmann 3281 (det. Harms, /. punctata affine). Yuri-
maguas, Killip & Smith 28148. Rio Acre: (Kuhlmann 17517, det.
Ducke). Brazil to Colombia and the Guianas.
Inga obscura Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor, 10 m. alta; ramulis inflorescentiisque dense rufo-tomento-
sis; foliolis 3-4 jugis petiolulatis (petiolo communi haud marginato)
obovatis, basi acutis, apice obtusis vel breviter acutis ad 17 cm.

longis,8 cm. latis, coriaceis, supra nitidis, glabris, nervis impressis,
subtus nervis et venulis prominenter reticulatis plus minusve longe
hirsutulis; pedunculis fasciculato-paniculatis (vel axillaribus?), 3 cm.
longis; spicis densis 2 cm. longis, floribus sessilibus; corolla 7 mm.
longa, puberulo-strigosa calycem plus duplo excedente, staminum
tubo haud exserto. Suggests /. juglandifolia Willd. and /. nobilis
Willd. (under which name it was distributed) both with veins
conspicuous both sides, the leaflets of the former acuminate, the
corolla villous, the flowers of the latter pedicellate. The petiole
glands as in I. juglandifolia are obscure.
3690, type.
Inga Pardoana Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 89. 1908.
Similar to I. quaternata but the leaflets merely acute and only

shortly narrowed well above the middle portion but long-narrowed
to base; corolla more flaring at tip. As noted by Harms, /. boliviana
Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 17: 9. 1890, and /. Wittiana Harms,
Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 161. 1907, the latter of Brazil, and,
fide Ducke, Rio Acre, are closely allied but the author suggests
/. Pardoana is distinct from both in the somewhat thicker larger
flowers (9-10 mm.), denser pubescence, and, especially, in the
scarcely if at all acuminate leaflets, stamen tube obscurely or very
shortly exserted. In /. Wittiana, fide Harms, the tube is strongly
FLORA OF PERU 35
exserted, the bracts a smaller.

little /. Pardoana suggests the
Peruvian form of except that the veins are obscure above

I. nobilis
and the flower-rachis short. Only more collections will prove the
specific importance of these differences. Named for the former
President Pardo of Peru. F.M. Neg. 1162.
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 211. Junin: Near Huacapis-

tana, 1,500 meters, Weberbauer 2339, type; 252.
Inga Pavoniana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 388. 1832; 623.

Somewhat rusty-hirsutulous at least the branchlet tips, peduncles
and prominent leaf-nerves and veins beneath; leaf-rachis narrowly
winged with 3-^4 pairs of oblong-obovate, acutely acuminate leaflets,
about 15 cm. long, 6 cm. broad, sparsely subappressed pubescent
above; peduncles axillary, 4 cm. long or longer, the ovoid spike to
6 cm. long with linear bracts 1 cm. long persisting after anthesis;
calyx finely striate, 12 mm. long, sparsely reddish-setulose; corolla
appressed silky-villous, 3.5 cm. long, the stamen tube little if at
all exserted; pods about 1 dm. long, 2.5 cm. thick, fleshy, the margins
strongly elevated. The pod seen by Bentham, which he suggests

might not belong to the species, was glabrous; that of Weberbauer
is 7 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, 1.5 cm. thick, deeply sulcate by the ele-
vated margins, lightly rusty-hirsutulous, and was referred by Harms

to I. Hartii Urb. Symb. Ant. 1: 311. 1899, of Trinidad as a "var."
which may be correct but Urban's species seems to be known only
from Trinidad to this day, is less pubescent and has glabrous (or
nearly) pods 2.5-4 cm. broad. F.M. Neg. 29422.
Huanuco: Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn, type; Raimondi. Casapi,
(Mathews 307; 1924, fide Bentham). Junin: La Merced, Weber-
bauer 931 ; 282.
Inga peltadenia Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 160.

1906. /. Thibaudiana DC. Prodr. 2: 434. 1825, var. latifolia Benth.
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 480. 1876.
Branchlets more or less rusty- tomentulose; leaf-rachis emargi-

nate, the glands large, peltate, with 3-5 pairs of shortly petiolulate,
broadly and obliquely elliptic leaflets, rounded at base, shortly
acuminate, 7-12 cm. long, 4-8 cm. broad, subcoriaceous or charta-
ceous, lustrous above, sparsely puberulent, especially on the mid-
nerve, densely villous and conspicuously veined beneath; spikes
fascicled in the axils or panicled, shortly villous or the tubular
calyx merely puberulent, 4-4.5 mm. long; corolla densely silky-

villous, 15-19 mm. long or somewhat longer; pods (fide Pittier)

straight or nearly, flat, rounded at base, apiculate, fulvous pubescent,
the margins elevated, nearly 2 dm. long, 2 cm. broad. As remarked
by Harms, very closely related to I. Thibaudiana DC. and perhaps
only a variety but the Peruvian plants are more densely pubescent;
Spruce 4915, var. latifolia Benth., is apparently Harms' species and
the flowers on the particular specimen seen by me are not any larger,
but a certain variation is of course to be expected. Ducke, Leg.
Amaz. Bras. 18. 1939, refers these specimens to /. rubiginosa (Rich.)
DC. of the Guianas and adjacent Brazil, typically with more velvety
tomentum, larger leaflets, the corolla-pubescence densely tangled
instead of merely silky with straight or nearly straight trichomes.
F.M. Neg. 1163.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6451, type; Spruce 4915. Loreto:
Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 29049. Bolivia; Ecuador?
Inga plumifera Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 621.

1875.
Five to 15 meters high, the light brown bark with small darker
brown lenticels, the crown spreading, the branchlets, petioles and
peduncles densely reddish pubescent with short subappressed tri-
chomes, these extending to the leaf-rachi and calyces; glands rather
small or inconspicuous, the rachis wings prominent; leaflets typically
sessile, in the Peruvian specimens stoutly short-petiolulate, 5 pairs,
ovate-oblong-elliptic, acutely acuminate, rounded at base, the middle

ones 1.5 dm. long, a third as broad, sparsely hirsutulous but lustrous
and rugulose above by the impressed nerves and veins, these con-
spicuous and sparsely hirsutulous beneath, otherwise glabrous;
peduncles nearly lacking, the axillary spikes with 3-4 sessile flowers,
the small ovate bracts caducous before anthesis; calyx 1.5 cm. long,
the densely silky-villous corolla about 5 cm. long, twice exceeded
by the stamens, their tube well-exserted. /. quadrangularis Ducke,
Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 60. 1922, and /. calantha Ducke, I.e.
4: 18. 1925, both Brazilian and similar, have well-peduncled spikes,
the former with nearly emarginate leaf-rachis. F.M. Neg. 1108.
Loreto: Timbuchi, on the Rio Nanay, Williams 958. Brazil.
"Cotochupa."
Inga Poeppigiana Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 602.

1845; 620. I. ciliata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 78. 1845,
not Presl.
FLORA OF PERU 37
Slender flowering branchlets. petioles and leaf nerves beneath

sparsely ciliate-hirsute; stipules subrotund-ovate, about 5 mm. long;
leaflets 3 pairs, oblong-elliptic, acuminate, obliquely rounded at
base, 12 cm. long, 5 cm. broad or smaller, membranous, lustrous above

and glabrous except for the sparsely hispid slender nerves; rachis
broadly winged, the small circular glands deeply cupulate; spikes
sessile, only 1-2.5 cm. long, the crowded membranous ciliate bracts
5 mm. long, persisting; calyx finely striate, glabrous except for the
shortly ciliolate teeth, 12-15 mm. long; corolla slender, to 3 cm.
long, glabrous unless for a few cilia near the tip, the stamen tube
included. F.M. Neg. 1109.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2436, type.
Inga pruriens Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 78. 1845;
618. I. Weberbaueri Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 90. 1908 (?).
Small tree, the branchlets soon terete and the petioles and leaf
nerves beneath sparsely rusty-hirsute; leaflets 2-3 pairs, broadly
elliptic or slightly obovate, somewhat narrowed at the obtuse or
rounded base, shortly acuminate, as much as 3 dm. long, about a
third as broad, glabrous above, often with at least 1 small gland on
the midnerve near the base (the winged rachis with similar glands),
rigid-chartaceous, the lateral nerves many and subparallel, more or
less impressed above, prominent with the veins beneath; spikes
axillary, laxly flowered, sessile or very shortly peduncled, 4-7 cm.
long, the ovate acute hirsute bracts persisting, 3-4 mm. long; calyx
and corolla hirsute, the former rather sparsely, 15 mm. long, striate,
the latter 4-4.5 cm. long, the stamen tube long exserted. The
corolla pubescence is brown, the flower within and the filaments
white (Weberbauer, from whose collection the description is in part
taken). It has not been possible to determine if a gland is present
on the leaflet nerve of the type of Harms' species but the types of
both species agree so well in all other respects that this character
alone is not significant; the gland is lacking on some leaflets of /.
pruriens. F.M. Negs. 1175 (Weberbauer); 32061.
Huanuco: Prov. Huamalies, near Monzon, 700 meters, Weber-
bauer 3695 (type, I. Weberbaueri) 285. Tocache, Poeppig 2015, type.
;
Inga pulchriflora Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 2:

37. 1935.
Small tree, all of the younger parts including the large dense ter-
minal panicles densely reddish-hispid-villous; bract-like stipule at the
base of the inflorescence large, concave, abundantly pilose without;

leaf-rachis emarginate, glabrate, the glands sessile or lacking; leaflets
2 pairs, shortly petiolulate, the upper 1.5 dm. long or longer, 8 cm.
broad or broader (lowest much smaller), obovate, obtuse or nearly
rounded at base, broadly obtuse and often apiculate at apex, coria-
ceous, more or less bullate-rugose above by the impressed nerves and
veins and in age glabrate, lustrous, densely reddish-hirsute on the
very prominent nerves beneath; peduncles 2-4 cm. long; bracts 2-4
mm. long, equaling the densely hirsute pedicels; calyx 10-12 mm. long,
ashy-pubescent, the white sericeous corolla a third longer, its stamen
tube included; pods flat, bi-ridged by the somewhat thickened
margins, 15 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, rounded at both ends, closely
and shortly brown-tomentose-villous. Attains 16 meters (Krukoff).
Rio Acre: Seringal Iracema, inundated woods, Ducke, type.
Mouth of the Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5243. Brazil.
Inga punctata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1016. 1806; 613.
Small essentially glabrous tree or the young parts obscurely

appressed puberulent, the leaflets typically slightly punctate scabrous
above, finely appressed strigillose beneath; rachis emarginate, the
rather prominent glands depressed; leaflets ordinarily 2 pairs, ob-
long-elliptic, rounded or acutish at base, shortly and acutely acumi-
nate, the terminal to 15 cm.long, nearly half as broad, the lower pair
much smaller, somewhat lustrous above, prominently nerved and
reticulate-veined beneath; peduncles 2-4 cm. long, mostly panicled
at the branched tips, the ovoid spikes 1-2 cm. long; bracts minute,
more or less promptly caducous; calyx appressed strigillose, typically
barely 3 mm.long, the silky-villous corolla twice as long, the stamen
tube shortly if at all exserted ; pods subsessile, 1 dm. long or longer,
2-2.5 cm. broad, plane, the margins little elevated, the seeds
separated impressions. Variable or not understood.

by transverse
Killip &Smith 29406 seems to belong here but not being typical
it may be designated var. elongata Macbr., var. nov., foliis oblongis
longe acuminatis; corollis ad 12 mm. longis. The leaf-rachis is ob-

scurely margined, apparently nearly var. chagrensis Pittier, Journ.
Dept. Agric. Porto Rico 13, no. 4: 135. 1929, or var. panamensis
Benth., 613, the flowers still somewhat longer, the leaflets narrower;
Killip & Smith 22732, however, seems from description to be Pittier's

variety. 7. strigillosa Spruce, 612, is according to Harms the same
but Bentham maintained the Spruce form apparently on the basis
of its more abundant puberulence and corollas 8 mm. long. I.
FLORA OF PERU 39
dumosa Benth. seems to be a glabrous form, the corolla 10 mm.

I.e.
approach my var. elongata.

long; in the longer corolla at least these
Specimens referred to this species at Dahlem include Weberbauer
3427, Tessmann 3443, the last from Loreto; they have calyces as
much as 4 mm. long. /. tenuirama Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 13:
527. 1915, of Ecuador, allied by the author to I. aggregate, et rels.,
would apparently be sought here; it has 3 pairs of leaflets, glabrous
or nearly glabrous calyces 4 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1112.
Amazonas: Near Santa Rosa, (Raimondi). San Martin: Santa
Cruz, (Raimondi); Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2693. San Roque,
Williams 7394. Huanuco: Chinchao, (Raimondi). Ayacucho:
Aina, Killip & Smith 22732 (var.). Loreto: Caballo-Cocha,
Williams 2446 (det. Standl.). Yurimaguas, Williams 5233 (det.
Standl., /. Ruiziana); (Raimondi). Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith
29406 (type, var. elongata); Williams 3512. Mouth of Rio Apaga,
Tessmann 3875 (var.). Rio Acre: Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5744;
Ule 9430 (det. Harms). Colombia to Venezuela and Central America.
"Shimbillo," "rufindi."
Inga quaternata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 79. 1845;
603.
Small tree or sometimes 12 meters or so high, the younger parts

including the leaflet veins beneath and the flowers puberulent or the
latter sericeous-tomentose, the corollas always densely so; leaf-
rachis emarginate, the glands small or obscure; leaflets 3-4 pairs,
oblong-elliptic, obliquely rounded at base, shortly acuminate, some-
what lustrous, finely reticulate-veined, chartaceous, often 15 cm.
long, about 5 cm. broad or broader; peduncles 2.5 to several cm.
long, solitary but usually some also in an ample terminal panicle;
pedicels 2-12 mm. long, rarely obsolete, numerous, the narrowly
obconic striate calyx 3-5 mm. long, the pubescence sometimes sparse,
the corolla 8-12 mm. long, little enlarged apically; stamen tube
barely exserted pods
;
little dilated at margins, rusty velvety (Ducke).
Flowers white, pulp surrounding seeds edible (Mexia). Cf. /.
Pavoniana. Tessmann 5307 from Loreto has pedicels only 3-3.5
mm. long, calyx 7 mm. long, corolla nearly twice as long; det. Harms
as "affine"; in Klug 2068 the pedicels are only 1 mm. long, the pedun-
cles axillary; in Mexia 6325 the calyx is only 3 mm. long, the corolla
12 mm. long; these and other aberrant collections seem to indicate
only a reasonable range of variation. Cf. /. nobilis. F.M. Neg.
1113 (not type collection).
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 41. Loreto: Yurimaguas,

Mexia 6076 (det. Standl., /. corymbifera Benth.?); Killip & Smith
28307; 281 54; Williams 3944 (all det. Harms) Pongo de Manseriche,
.
Mexia 6325 (det. Standl.). Florida, King 2068. Near Iquitos,

Klug 486 (det. Harms). La Victoria, Williams 3185 (det. Harms).
Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 335. Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5254. Brazil; Colombia. "Shimbillo."
Inga Ruiziana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 391. 1832; 614. /. foliosa

Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 597. 1845.
Medium-sized often widely branched tree, the young branchlets
densely white lenticellate and more or less rusty-puberulent, the
leaves crowded, ample, with 4-6 (8) pairs of oblong-elliptic shortly
acuminate, glabrous or nearly glabrous leaflets; rachis sometimes
obscurely margined, the glands sessile, depressed; leaflets mostly
1.5-2 dm. long, 5-7 cm. broad, subcoriaceous, lustrous, the nerves
prominent both sides, the veins only beneath, the former usually
sparsely and minutely puberulent; peduncles 1-2 (4) cm. long,
fascicled in the upper axils or densely panicled, the ovoid spikes
scarcely more than 1 cm. long; calyx and corolla more or less puberu-
lent (lightly strigillose in type) the former 3-4 mm. long, the latter
6-8 mm. long; stamen tube included or slightly exserted; pods
puberulent or glabrate, to 1.5 dm. long, 2-2.5 (4) cm. broad.
Sometimes 15 meters high, with white fragrant flowers; the pulp
surrounding the seed is eaten by boys and monkeys (Mexia). F.M.
Neg. 1116.
San Martin: Lamas, Williams 6466(1). Near Chazuta, (Rai-
mondi). Huanuco: Tocache, Poeppig. Shapajilla, 630 meters,
Woytkowski 10. Without locality, Ruiz & Pawn, type; Mathews
1923. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2443 (type, I. foliosa); Mexia
6073. Rio Santiago, Tessmann 3725 (det. Harms) Mexia 6334; 61 76.
;
Pebas, Williams 1753. Balsapuerto, Klug 3094; 3151. Caballo-

Cocha, Williams 2288. Contamana, Killip & Smith 26873 (distr.
as /. nobilis). Brazil to Central America. "Ucsha-quiro," "pacay,"
"shimbillo."
Inga setifera DC. Prodr. 2: 432. 1825; 615.
Small tree, the branchlets, leaflets beneath and peduncles more

or less rusty-puberulent or shortly pilose-setulose; leaflets usually
2 pairs, broadly elliptic, shortly acuminate, the larger 15 cm. long,
6-7 cm. broad, becoming coriaceous and lustrous above, reticulate-
FLORA OF PERU 41
veined and sometimes glabrate beneath; rachis wings short but

usually rather conspicuous as also the cupulate glands, the rachis
terminating in a fragile or deciduous bristle; peduncles several cm.
about 3 cm. long; calyx narrowly
long, solitary or geminate, the spikes
tubular, striate, sparsely sometimes minutely setulose or glabrate,
6-7 mm. long; corolla appressed silky-hirsute, 12-15 mm. long, the
stamen tube included; pods flat, about 10-15 cm. long, 2 cm. broad
or broader, the margins somewhat raised. /. splendens Willd., 615,
rather similar and to which Harms referred Klug 1172 as "affine,"

has obtuse glabrous leaflets, the narrowly if at all winged rachis
without bristle; the Klug specimen has a bristle, the leaflets acumi-
nate; the same authority referred Williams 939 and 1143 as "affine"
/. pilosiuscula Desv. Journ. Bot. 1: 71. 1814; 616, that is, I. pilosula
(Rich.) Macbr., comb. nov. (Mimosa pilosula Rich. Act. Soc. Hist.
Nat. Paris 113. 1792), which probably is the earliest name for these
closely allied forms but, at least as to type, has coriaceous lustrous
essentially glabrous leaflets like those of /. nitida Willd. and is scarcely
different apparently unless the calyx and corolla are both somewhat
shorter, and the leaf-rachis without terminal bristle. The flowers
of /. setifera typically are a beautiful golden yellow (Ducke). Here
would be sought the Ecuadorian /. balaensis Pittier, Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 18: 201. 1916, calyces 10-12 mm. long, corollas twice
as long, leaflets very broad, the lower pair much smaller than the
upper, these 11-17 cm. long, 7-10.5 cm. wide. Illustrated, Bot.
Mag. pi. 5075 (as /. macrophylla) F.M. Negs. 6982; 21855.
.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, flowers bright yellow, Klug 892 (det. Harms) ;
flowers white, Klug 1172. Rio Nanay, Williams 939; 1143. To

Trinidad. "Shimbillo-rujinti."
Inga setosa G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 388. 1832; 624.
Densely rather long hirsute setose at least on the branchlets,

broadly winged leaf-rachis beneath and peduncles, the last axillary,
5 cm. long or longer, bearing a subglobose spike about 4 cm. thick;
stipules broad; rachis glands small, stipitate; leaflets (3) 5-6 pairs,
oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, moderately long pilose both sides,
conspicuously venose beneath, the larger 15 cm. long, less than half
as broad; calyx striate, pubescent, 10 mm. long, the villous corolla
about 15 mm. long, the stamen tube included. Type at Oxford,
without data. Scrap at Dahlem from Bernhardi Herb., from which
the negative was made, determined as this species, has leaflets 8 cm.
long, 2 cm. wide and smaller, bracts subulate-linear, persisting, calyx
7 mm. long, thenarrow teeth lightly hispid as the corolla, this 12 mm.
long. F.M. Neg. 1119.
Peru(?) :
Pavdn, type.
Inga stenoptera Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 143. 1840;

616.
Similar to /. setifera but the leaflets ordinarily only 5 cm. broad
or narrower, subcoriaceous, lustrous, finally glabrate and the rachis
wing narrow or imperfect, sometimes obscure; spikes ovoid-globose
or becoming 1.5 cm. long. Pods apparently unknown but probably
this is a form of note under /. setifera) with more
/. pilosula (cf.
narrowly oblong, more shortly acuminate leaflets. Calyx teeth in

type from northern Brazil are ovate; in the Spruce specimen they
are a little narrower. F.M. Neg. 1123.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4126 (det. Benth.). Brazil.
Inga stipulacea G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 391. 1832; 621. /.
setigera Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 80. 1845. /. rufiseta
Benth. Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 489. 1876. /. chaetophora Harms,
Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 299. 1915.
Sparsely branched tree, the branchlets, petioles and large rigid
persisting stipules, these even to 2.5 cm. long, densely hispid with
spreading stiff reddish trichomes; leaf-rachis emarginate, the glands
3-5 pairs, oblong, shortly acumi-
sessile or stoutly stipitate; leaflets
nate, slightly narrower at the rounded base, the larger 3 dm. long,
7 cm. broad, mostly smaller, rigid-membranous or subcoriaceous,
shortly and sparsely pubescent above, paler and setulose on the
veins beneath; spikes axillary, becoming oblong, the peduncles
littleexceeding the bract-like stipules, the oblong or linear obtuse
bracts persisting after anthesis; calyx 16-18 mm. long, tubular,
about 2 cm. long with a few setae near the
striate, glabrous; corolla
the stamen tube long-exserted. The corolla in the Harms speci-
tip,
men is white and somewhat more pubescent; with it were two pods,
1-3.5 dm. long, 2-2.5 cm. broad, weakly bi-keeled on the margins,
more or less brown-hispid. F.M. Negs. 1143 (/. chaetophora); 32063
(/. setigera).
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2391 (type, /. setigera}. Without

locality, Ruiz &
Pavon, type. Rio Acre: Ule 9^1 (type, /. chaeto-
phora). Brazil.
Inga striata Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. B, t. 4: 608. 1845;

619. /. ochroclada Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 302. 1915.
FLORA OF PERU 43
Tree, the branchlets, petioles and peduncles densely villous with

short spreading yellowish-brown trichomes, the leaflets beneath and
especially on the midnerve above more or less similarly pubescent;
leaf-rachis conspicuously winged with 3-5 pairs of oblong-elliptic
rounded at base, acuminate, usually 10-15 cm. long, 3-5 (8)
leaflets,
cm. broad, lustrous but somewhat hirsute above, finely reticulate-
veined, the lateral nerves prominent beneath, the texture finally
subcoriaceous; peduncles 3-10 cm. long or longer, the rachis about
3 cm. long with linear bracts 6 mm. long or longer, caducous at
least shortly after anthesis; calyces sessile, tubular, hirsutulous or
becoming glabrate (or glabrous) stria te, (8) 10-15 (17) mm. long;
cm. long; stamen tube
corolla densely sericeous-villous, (1.8) 2.5 (3)
included; pods rusty- villous, the margins strongly dilated and
raised, about 3 dm. long, 1.5 cm. broad. /. Eggersii Harms, Bot.
Jahrb. 42: 88. 1908, Ecuadorian, has persisting bracts 7-11 mm. long,
calyx sparsely puberulent or subglabrous, 7-8 mm. long, corolla
about 2.5 cm. long. The larger floral measurements refer to the
type of /. ochroclada but they do not seem to be significant;
however, the pod of his plant is unknown. F.M. Negs. 1124; 1159
(7. ochroclada).
Junin: Colonia Perene", Killip & Smith 24995. San Martin:
Shapaja, Belshaw 31 75 (?, young). Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco,
Ule 9419. South America.
Inga tarapotensis Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 609.

1875.
Glabrous except for a sparse minute probably evanescent puberu-
lence on the obscurely winged leaf-rachi and the slender axillary or
lateral and clustered peduncles, these sometimes 2.5 cm. long;
glands small, scutellate; leaflets 2-3 pairs, obliquely oblong-elliptic,
rounded or obtuse at apex, coriaceous, lustrous above, paler and
obscurely venose beneath, 5-7.5 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad; heads
subglobose, the rachis scarcely 4 mm. long; pedicels fully 1 mm.
long, the calyx nearly twice as long; corolla 5-6 mm. long, the stamen
tube finally well-exserted pods compressed, 18 cm. long, nearly 2.5
;
cm. broad, rounded at both ends, apiculate at apex, glabrous, the

margins nerviform. Type 6 meters, the white flowers with the
fragrance of Narthecium, the bog asphodel of gardens (Spruce).
Spruce 4565, in fruit, from which the description of the pod is drawn,
could belong to /. cynometrifolia; I. paraensis Ducke, Archiv. Jard.
Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 12. 1925, seems to be very similar. /. gracilifolia
Ducke, I.e. 3: 52. 1922, has 5 pairs of leaflets, 2-4 cm. long, 6-10
mm. wide; it is a slender tree sometimes 30 meters high that may

extend into eastern Peru and is closely allied indeed to /. virgullosa
(Vahl) Desv. of Cayenne. F.M. Negs. 1125; 1079 (Spruce 4565).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4221, type; 4565; Ule 6359;6360.
Inga tenuistipula Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 51.

1922. /. Guentheri Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 178. 192Y.
Like /. Tessmannii but the leaflets 1-2 (3) pairs, and, especially,
the flowers subsessile with calyx scarcely 2 mm. long, the corolla 7
to nearly 10 mm. long; peduncles 1-2 dm. long. In Harms' specimen
the corolla is nearly 10 mm. long, the leaflets 2 pairs. I. Sodiroi
Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 527. 1915, Ecuadorian, is another species
of the same affinity but the leaflets are half as wide as long and
strongly nerved, the nerves impressed above, peduncles 4-6 cm.
mm. long. F.M. Negs. 1151 (I. Guentheri); 28135.
long, corolla 7-8
Loreto: Soledad, Tessmann 5233 (type, I. Guentheri). Florida,
Klug 2210 (det. Standl.). Brazil. "Shimbillo," "gerogui-mitiri-ey."
Inga Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 966.

1926.
Small tree or the branchlets semiscandent, the leaves with 4
pairs of oblong-elliptic leaflets borne on petiolules 1-1.5 cm. long,
the peduncles often fascicled at enlarged nodes on the older wood,
elongate, sometimes even 10 cm. long; leaflets acute at base, shortly
acuminate, chartaceous, 1-2 dm. long, 5-7 cm. broad or larger;
flowers typically sessile in subglobose heads, the calyx sparsely
puberulent, lightly striate, about 6 mm. long, little exceeded by the
corolla, this sparsely appressed-puberulent, 8-10 mm. long.
Glabrous except for the obscurely puberulent dark green calyx and
bright green corolla, the filaments yellowish-white. Tree about
5 meters high or liana (Tessmann) in flood-free woods. As remarked
by the author the resemblance to I. cinnamomea seems to be great.
A perplexing specimen referred by Harms to /. lallensis ex descr.
could be described as another species but it seems to me to differ
only in pedicellate glabrous shorter flowers and may become var.
Harmsii Macbr., var. nov., pedicellis 1-1.5 mm. longis; floribus
glaberrimis, vix 8 mm. longis (Klug 1195, type). Here might be
sought I. cecropietorum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 52.
1922, of Amazonian Brazil with winged leaf-rachi, mostly panicled
heads, calyx 7-8 mm. long, corolla 10-11 mm., densely hirsute at
tip. F.M. Neg. 1173.
FLORA OF PERU 45
Loreto: Mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4655, type; also 4616

(fide Harms). Mishuyacu, Klug 1195, var.
Inga tomentosa Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 609. 1875.

With the inflorescence and small flowers of /. marginata but
well marked by the tomentum of short crisped trichomes that extends
even to the flowers but finally disappears from the upper surfaces
of the leaves, these with the rachis winged above and with 3 pairs
of oblong obtusely acuminate leaflets, 7-10 cm. long, rounded at
base; branchlets angled; spikes axillary to 15 cm. long, shortly
peduncled, the bracts small, caducous; calyx scarcely 2 mm. long,
the corolla twice as long, the stamen tube included. The locality
if Peruvian probably in the Department of Puno. /. Bangii
is Harms
of Bolivia lacks the winged leaf-rachis.
Peru(?) Near El Garania, (Lechler 2323, type). Bolivia.
:
Inga umbra tica Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 77. 1845;
601.
Treeallied to /. myriantha but the branchlets angled and the
leafletssubequal, membranous, sparsely pubescent beneath, the larger
to 2 dm. long, 7.5 cm. broad, obtusely acute both ends; umbels
subsessile or the peduncle very short, the pedicels 6-8 mm. long;
flowers white, fragrant, puberulent-villous, the trichomes loose, the
calyx scarcely exceeding 2 mm., the corolla hardly 5 mm. long;
stamen tube long-exserted; pods about 3.5 cm. broad, obtuse at each
end, straight, glabrous. The minute but loose villosity on pedicels
and calyces seems to be distinctive. These parts in /. bullatorugosa
Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 47. 1922, are tomentulose,
stamen tube little exserted, leaflets strongly bullate. /. cecropietorum
Ducke, I.e. 52, of the upper Amazon has subsessile flowers twice
as long. F.M. Neg. 1127.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig, type.
Inga velutina Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1014. 1806; 621. Mimosa velutina
Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 42. 1810.
(Willd.) I. expansa
Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 90. 1912.

Softly rusty-pubescent or shortly villous even to the calyces,
markedly so on the branchlets, peduncles and leaflets beneath;
rachis wings conspicuous as also the circular glands; leaflets usually
3 pairs, sessile or stoutly short petiolulate, rounded or subcordate
at base, obtuse or shortly acuminate, ample, the larger 3 dm. long
and half as broad, subcoriaceous, the short pubescence above sub-

scabrous; spikes solitary or fasciculate in the upper axils, the
peduncles to 6 cm. long; bracts caducous before anthesis; calyx
tubular, 16-20 mm. long, with nearly subulate teeth sometimes
3 mm. long; corolla about 3 cm. long, silky-villous, little ampliated
toward apex, the stamen tube often long-exserted pods plane,
;
fleshy, densely reddish-hispid, straight or curved, about 2 dm.

long, 3 cm. broad, the margins only slightly enlarged. /. expansa
seems to be a variety, the calyx broader with broader teeth. F.M.
Neg. 1128.
Peru (probably). Bolivia; Brazil.
Inga vismiaefolia Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 79.
1845; 627.
Sparsely branched tree, the terete branchlets and peduncles
more or less densely rusty-villous-tomentose, the latter terminally
racemose, ordinarily about 3 cm. long; leaf-rachis emarginate, the

glands depressed; petiolules stout, the 3 pairs of ample leaflets
broadly elliptic or slightly obovate, obliquely rounded at base,
apiculately acuminate, often 2 dm. long or longer, nearly half as
broad, coriaceous, lustrous, glabrate and rather obscurely veined
above, shortly scarcely densely villous and prominently reticulate-
veined beneath; spikes subglobose, the ovate bracts persisting after
anthesis; calyx appressed silky-strigose, 8-10 mm. long, the flaring
densely villous corolla 15-17 mm. long, its stamen tube included.
-F.M. Negs. 1132; 1133.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2285, type; Klug 2831. Soledad,
Tessmann 5307 (det. Harms, /. quaternata, affine).
Inga yacoana Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor ad 10 m. alta; ramulis petiolisque (cum rachi conspicue
alato) ferrugineo-hirsuto-puberulis, demum glabrescentibus; foliolis
3-jugis fere sessilibus ovato-ellipticis vel paullo obovatis ad basin
plus minusve suboblique angustatis apice subabrupte breviter ob-
tuseque acuminatis 8-11 cm. longis, 4.5-6 cm. latis, chartaceis
supra vix nitidulis praeter costam puberulam glabris subtus pallidi-
oribus obscure papillosis glabris (costa nervisque haud vel sparsissime
pubescentibus) spicis ut videtur solitariis sessilibus brevibus plerum-
;
que ad nodos defoliatos ad 1.5 cm. longis; bracteis persistentibus

fere linearibus 1.5 mm. longis; floribus sessilibus; corolla 4 mm. longa,
glabra calycem quadruple excedente, staminum tubo haud exserto.
FLORA OF PERU 47
Distributed as /. fagifolia (L.) Willd. which apparently as inter-

preted is the same or nearly the same as /. marginata but which as
to actual character of type seems to be obscure, and is scarcely
Peruvian.
Rio Acre: On varzea land (river shore) near mouth of Rio Macau-
han (tributary Rio Yaco), Krukoff 5661, type.
2. ALBIZZIA Durazzini
Like Pithecolobium but the broadly linear pods strongly com-
pressed, indehiscent or bivalved, but the valves never elastic or
contorted, sometimes dividing transversely. Seeds exalbuminous,
ovate or orbiculate, compressed, the funicle filiform. Besides the
following, A. Lebbeck (L.) Benth., closely resembling P. So/man
except for the flattened pods, may be found in cultivation.
Albizzia distachya (Vent.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 3.

1919; 559. Mimosa distachya Vent. Descr. Gels, pi. 20. 1800. Acacia,
lophantha Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1070. 1806. M. elegans Andr. Bot. Rep.
9: pi. 563. 1810. A. lophantha (Willd.) Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 3: 86. 1844.
Tree with velvety puberulent branchlets, leaf-rachi and peduncles,
the petioles with a gland toward the base; pinnae 8-10 pairs with
20-40 pairs of oblong obtusish leaflets 6-8 mm. long, about 2 mm.
broad, usually sparsely appressed-pilose at least beneath, the mid-
nerve excentric; spikes axillary, shortly peduncled, 3-10 cm. long,
more than 3 cm. thick including the stamens, the crowded flowers
distinctly pedicelled, silky-pilose, the calyx 2 mm. the corolla 5 mm.
long; stamen tube scarcely longer than the calyx; pods 6-10 cm.
long, 12-18 mm. broad, glabrous. Hochreutiner, Candollea 2: 373.
1925, retains the specific name of Willdenow because of the existence
of the homonym M. distachya Cav. 1794. With due respect for the
opinion of my friend I cannot concur because the name is not in
conflict as regards Albizzia; this interpretation was in accord with
the International Rules and any retroactive action which the rules
may impose would only result in instability of the nomenclature.
According to Vargas the bark is used as soap. Illustrated, Bot. Mag.
pi. 2108.
Cuzco: Semicultivated near Urubamba, Vargas 11065. Yucay,

Soukup 564. Arequipa: Near the City of Arequipa, (Soukup).
Australia. "Killay."
3. PITHECOLOBIUM Mart.
Smooth or occasionally armed with stipular spines (in Peru only
P. duke), the leaves bipinnate (pinnae sometimes only 1 pair and
reduced to 1-3 leaflets) with few to many leaflets, the 5 (6) -merous
flowers in globose heads or cylindrical spikes on solitary or fascicled
peduncles, these axillary or terminal and then sometimes racemose
or paniculate. Calyx campanulate or tubular, shortly dentate.
Corolla tubular or infundibuliform, the tube rather longer than the
lobes. Stamens few to many, exserted, the tube long or short.
Ovary many-ovuled. Pods fleshy-cylindrical to
sessile or stiped,
coriaceous, more or less compressed, usually falcate and contorted

or even spiraled in varying degrees, rarely nearly straight, bivalved,
the valves sometimes twisted after dehiscence or infrequently in-
dehiscent, or very tardily so, or disarticulating, the seeds ovate or
orbicular with filiform funicle or this variously expanded into a
fleshy aril. Merrill, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 42. 1916, argued
for adopting the spelling "Pithecellobium"; the name has also been
written "Pithecollobium." It is derived according to Merrill
from pithecos ellobion (monkey's earring), but usage fortunately
has validated the simplest spelling, at the same time the most
euphonious form.
Genus, as noted by Bentham, not separable from Albizzia Durazz.
except by the pod and, at least in the case of P. Saman and P.
polycephalum, only the fleshy character of the fruit distinguishes
the group; nevertheless by reason of convenience and tradition and
from the fact that Albizzia is in any case characteristically if not
entirely Old World, and Pithecolobium New, the group names will
probably always be maintained. In Candollea 6: 4. 1934, 1 presented
my reasons for not accepting, at least in floristic work, the division
of the genus as proposed by Pittier, Britton & Killip, and Klein-
hoonte; it is noteworthy that the last in Pulle's Flora of the Suriname
does not always agree with the former authors as to which section
treated as a "genus" certain species belong. Herewith is a key
under one group name, which, entirely artificial though it may be,
at least brings together plants that more resemble each other than
any others in this work (unless for one or two connecting species);
therefore they constitute a genus and that, realistically, is the only
kind of classification thatis practical. To give these group names
on characters that obviously vary in degree of development and which
are rarely available or at least in herbaria discernible, is purely
FLORA OF PERU 49
academic folderol resulting in keys that not even a trained taxono-

mist can follow through. Finally it is satisfactory to observe
that the two best informed and unquestionably most brilliant
students of the Legumes, Bentham and Ducke (the one in the her-
barium, the other in the field), have not imitated or followed the
obviously possible segregation of these species into many genera.
The only constructive contribution to their classification that
could be made would be their inclusion in Albizzia as already noted.
Pinnae 1 pair (most rarely 2 pairs on some leaves; cf. also P.

acreanum).
Flowers in globose heads on usually slender peduncles, these either
solitary, racemose or paniculate (cf. P. triflorum under P.
Weberbaueri); pods finally contorted, seeds arillate; leaflets
1-2 pairs.
Leaflets small, obtuse; stipules spinescent.
Leaflets 1 pair; flowers ashy puberulent P. duke.
Leaflets 2 pairs; flowers lightly puberulent P. excelsum.
Leaflets ample, acute; stipules not spinescent P. laetum.
Flowers in elongate, short or subglobose spikes, these always
lateral, the peduncles short or obsolete; leaflets 1-several
pairs (rarely solitary).
Flowers capitate or glomerulate or in short spikes only 1-3 cm.
long.
Calyx minute, scarcely more than 1 mm. long, usually shorter.

Flowers umbellulate on peduncles 3-8 mm. long or leaf-
nerves equally distinct.
Stamen tube little exserted; leaflets usuallymore than 2.
P. cauliflorum.
Stamen tube often long-exserted; leaflets solitary.
P. unifoliolatum.
Flowers in short spikes or glomerulately congested or leaf-
nerves unequally developed.
Flowers glomerulately congested P. latifolium.
Flowers obviously in short spikes P. longifolium.
Calyx nearly 2 mm. long or longer.
Calyx 2-2.5 mm. long.

Leaflets 1-2 pairs; corolla 4 mm. long, twice as long as
calyx P. divaricatum.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs; corolla 6 mm. long, typically about

3 times longer than calyx P. inaequale.
Calyx 3-4 mm. long, the corolla 6-8 mm. long, both puberu-
lent P. juruanum.
Flowers in elongate spikes, all or mostly 8-16 cm. long.
Stamen tube included in the corolla, this 8 mm. long.
P. coccineum.
Stamen tube well exserted.
Corolla 10-12 mm. long P. macrophyllum.
Corolla about 4 mm. long P. oriundum.
Pinnae mostly more than 2 pairs (cf. P. cauliflorum; P. corymbosum
and relatives, variable in number of pairs).
Heads axillary or crowded at the tips of the branches, the peduncles

usually long.
Leaflets (at least most pinnae) 12 or more pairs, acute or
mucronulate.
Leaflets 2-3 mm. wide.
Plants unarmed; pods contracted between the seeds.
P. sophorocarpum.
Plants armed; pods impressed between the seeds.
P. Mathewsii.
Leaflets several mm. wide.
Flowers 5 cm. long; peduncles short P. Spruceanum.
Flowers cm. long; peduncles long
1 P. chazutense.
Leaflets rarely as many as 12 pairs, always obliquely rounded or
blunt.
Leaflets about 1 cm. wide.
Flowers subsessile; pods more or less circinate . . P. Jupunba.
Flowers long-pedicelled; pods straight P. corymbosum.
Leaflets about 3 cm. wide or wider.
Flowers sessile or nearly; rachis glands small P. Saman.
Flowers pedicelled P. acreanum.
Heads racemose or racemose-paniculate from the axils or at the
branchlet tips, the peduncles short.
Leaflets not acutely auricled or strongly oblique at base.
Leaflets 2-8 mm. long.

Leaflets minute, rarely 4 mm. long P. niopoides.
FLORA OF PERU 51
Leaflets 5-8 mm. long P. polycephalum.

Leaflets 12-20 mm. long P. multiflorum.
Leaflets acutely auricled or oblique at base; racemes or spikes
short.
Racemes lax; leaflets subequal P. basijugum.
Racemes dense; leaflets unequal P. umbriflorum.
Pithecolobium acreanum Macbr., spec. nov.

Ut videtur P. adenophorum Ducke persimilis, differt pinnis 3^4
jugis, 3-5 jugis, pedicellis vix 5 mm. longis, corollis 3-3.5
foliolis
mm. longis, staminibus circa 10 mm. longis. Ducke, Archiv. Inst.
Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 5. 1938, in proposing his Amazonian species
distinguished it from P. microcalyx Spruce, 582, of the Rio Negro,

by the extraordinarily large urceolate leaf-glands, larger terminal
leaflets (4.5-8 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide), rigid-coriaceous and promi-
nently reticulate-veined, pedicels 7-8 mm. long, calyx 2 mm. long,

stamens more than 15 mm. long; as he fails to mention the number
of pinnae presumably they are the same, namely, 1-2 pairs and the
leaflets 2-3 pairs. The Klug collection of P. acreanum has rachis
glands 2-5 mm. broad; these on the type are at most about 2 mm.
wide; the inflorescence of the latter is ample, corymbose, and it is
possible that the two collections are not the same, the former possibly
representing Ducke's species; in any case both share the distinction
from P. microcalyx of urceolate (instead of conical) glands, and, at
least as regards P. acreanum, of more numerous pinnae and leaflets.
A tree 12-25 meters high with white and garnet flowers (Klug);
leaves of flowering branchlets 3 dm. long; leaflets obliquely sub-
orbicular, the lateral mostly 4 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, glabrous, sub-
coriaceous, lustrous, reticulate-veiny both sides, paler beneath; pedun-
cles simple (Klug specimen) or the inflorescence corymbose even to
1.5 dm. broad, rusty-puberulent.
Rio Acre: On terra firma, mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff
5631, type. Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3079(1).
Pithecolobium basijugum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan.

5: 122. 1930.
Small tree, the glabrate younger branchlets white lenticellate,

the white flowers in shortly peduncled few-flowered heads borne
in lax racemes usually 3-5 cm. long from the lower branches;
peduncles and leaf-rachi puberulent; pinnae 7-9 pairs, with 18 (21)
leaflets,these acutely auriculate at base on the lower edge, acute

or shortly acuminate, to 1 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, firm-membranous,
partially 3-nerved, the stronger middle nerve little excentric, the
veins obscure; flowers sessile, the calyx 1-1.5 mm. long, nearly as
broad, subglabrous, the corolla 8-12 mm. long, slightly dilated at
the minutely puberulent apex, the stamen tube not exserted; pods
to 2 dm. long, 1.5 cm. broad, plane, finally somewhat contorted,
glabrous, laxly reticulate without, reddish within. The Tessmann
specimen was referred by Harms to P. claviflorum Spruce, 596,
scarcely different but among other slight variations its flowers are
red, its stamen tube long-exserted. According to Ducke, his species
was seen near Iquitos.
Loreto: Iquitos, Tessmann 5345 (det. Harms, P. claviflorum).
Brazil.
Pithecolobium cauliflorum (Willd.) Mart, ex Benth. in Mart.

Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 450. 1876; 595. Inga cauliflora Willd. Sp. PI. 4:
1021. 1806. Zygia cauliflora (Willd.) Killip, Trop. Woods 63: 6. 1940.
Glabrous (typically), or leaf-rachis puberulent, this 1-7 cm. long;
stipules deciduous or obsolete; pinnae 2, each usually with 3-5
(often one much smaller at base) obliquely oblong or ovate-oblong
opposite leaflets, the larger usually 7-10 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad,
acuminate, subcoriaceous, the unequally distinct lateral nerves
strongly arcuate ascending, the veins moderately reticulate both
sides; peduncles 3-8 mm. long, several fascicled in the axils of
older branchlets; calyx 1 mm. long, glabrous or slightly ciliate puberu-
lent, the corolla 5-7 mm. long, the stamen tube more or less exserted;
pods said to be coriaceous, straight or curved, 1.5 dm. long or longer,
1.5 cm. wide. Small tree or tall shrub, the flowers according to
Ducke roseate. Klug 1054 and 1418 have lightly puberulent flowers,
larger leaflets and perhaps are distinct but the group is poorly
understood. F.M. Neg. 1187.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 2533 (det. Standl., P. glomeratum) ;
1054; 1418. Brazil to the Guianas.
Pithecolobium chazu tense Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 145.

1940.
Thick branchlets, leaf-rachi and slender peduncles rather densely
rusty-puberulent; glands between the 5 pairs of pinnae (the upper
of these 13-14 cm. long) thickly crateriform; leaflets about 15 pairs,
sessile, rather oblong, somewhat broader at base, obliquely rounded
FLORA OF PERU 53
both ends, minutely apiculate at tip, mostly 2-2.5 cm. long, 7-10
mm. broad, membranous, glabrous above except for the obscurely
puberulent excentric midnerve, scarcely paler beneath, the

little
slender remote nerves not prominent; flowers densely capitate,

ochroleucous, nearly glabrous throughout, the slender solitary or
few peduncles 6-8 cm. long; calyx broadly campanulate, scarcely
longer than 1.5 mm. high, the minute unequal obtuse teeth glandular;
corolla 9 mm. long, the slender tube dilated at throat to 1.5 mm.
broad, the lobes 1 mm. long; stamen tube included. Type from
forest tree 15 meters high.
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4011, type.
Pithecolobium coccineum [R. & P.] Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc.

30: 594. 1875. Inga coccinea [R. & P.] G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 390.
1832.
Glabrous except for the puberulent pods; pinnae 1 pair with 3-5
pairs of obliquely oblong acuminate leaflets, sometimes an additional
small leaflet near the base of the narrowly grooved rachis, the leaflets
subcoriaceous, reticulate-veined especially beneath, mostly 10-12
cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad; spikes including the short peduncle to
1.5 dm. long; calyx 2 mm. long, the striate cylindrical corollas 8 mm.
long, the stamen tube included; pods shortly stiped, about 2 dm. long,
2 cm. broad. In my collection the spikes of bright red-purple
flowers were pendent from old leafless branchlets; a large spreading
forest tree, the branches straggling. The first common name refers
to the red flowers, similar to the rebozos or mantillas used by the
Indian women (Ruiz & Pavon). F.M. Neg. 29425.
Junin: Pichis Trail, Killip &
Smith 25814. Huanuco: Muna,
Ruiz & Pavon, type; 4023. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith
28003. "Huaita rebozo," "monte pacae."
Pithecolobium corymbosum (Rich.) Benth. in Hook. Lond.

Journ. Bot. 3: 221. 1844; 587. Mimosa corymbosa Rich, in Act. Soc.
Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 113. 1792. Samanea corymbosa (Rich.) Pitt.
Bol. Cient. y Teen. Mus. Com. Venez. no. 7: 55. 1925; Bol. Min.
Relac. Ext. 90. 1927. Arthrosamanea corymbosa (Rich.) Kleinh. in
Pulle, Fl. Surinam 2, pt. 2: 327. 1940.
Becoming a slender tree about 15 meters high, the younger parts

more or less rusty or ashy tomentulose or the pubescence sometimes
persisting on leaf-rachi and leaflets beneath, these 8-12 pairs, ob-
liquely subrhombic or obovate-oblong, 12-18 (25) mm. long, 5-10
mm. wide, very lustrous above, distributed in 4-10 pinnae 5-20 cm.
long; glands scutellate; peduncles many, terminal in umbels or corym-
bose umbels to 7 cm. long, the filiform pedicels 4-8 mm. long;
calyces rubescent, campanulate, to 2.5 mm. long, the infundibuliform
often puberulent corolla about twice as long, the tube of the 12-15
stamens included; pods straight or arcuate, coriaceous, glabrous,
5-10 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, finally disarticulating into 1-seeded
segments. Section Samanea. The Brazilian P. marginatum Spruce
including P. panurense Spruce has only 1 pair of pinnae, the leaflets
in 3-6 pairs, (1) 2.5-5 cm. long. Here might be sought P. gua-
chapele (HBK.) Macbr., comb. nov. (Acacia guachapele HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 281. 1824; Samanea samaningua Pitt. Bol. Cient.
y Teen. Mus. Com. Venez. no. 1: 54. 1925, fide Britton & Killip;
Pseudosamanea guachapele (HBK.) Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 11: 54. 1930), found as near as southern Ecuador. Its leaflets
are soft and a little pilose especially beneath, its pods thinner, long-
beaked, 2-5 cm. broad. F.M. Neg. 28259.
Loreto: Iquitos, Tessmann 3678 (det. Harms). Brazil; Guianas.
Pithecolobium divaricatum [Bong.] Benth. in Hook. Lond.

Journ. Bot. 3: 213. 1844; 595.
Glabrous unless for a minute puberulence on the branchlets and
petioles; pinnae 1 pair with 2-3 pairs of oblong-lanceolate leaflets,
the 2 terminal ones petiolulate, usually 10-18 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm.
broad, obliquely contracted at base, subcoriaceous, slenderly reticu-
late-veined; peduncles 6-18 mm. long, fasciculate at the nodes or
sometimes racemose on a short peduncle-like branchlet; flowers few,
sessile, the tubular calyx nearly 2 mm. long, the white corolla 4 mm.
long, the stamens reddish at apex, 16-18 mm. long, their tube
exserted; pods arcuate, to 3 dm. long, 14-20 mm. broad, the thicker
margins often sinuate between the seeds, the coriaceous valves
often more or less contorted. Tree to 7 meters (Spruce); flowers,
according to Ducke, roseate. F.M. Neg. 1189.
Rio Acre: (fide Ducke). Brazil.
Pithecolobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

Bot. 3: 199. 1844; 572. Mimosa dulcis Roxb. PI.Corom. 1: 67. pi.
99. 1795.
Often strictly glabrous densely leafy branchlets armed by the

short spinescent stipules and terminating in a narrow ashy-tomen-
tulose panicle, this sometimes with 1 or 2 (or several) usually divari-
FLORA OF PERU 55
cate branches near the base, the white flowers in small subsessile
or shortly stalked heads; pinnae 1 (rarely 2) pairs, the oval-oblong
leaflets rounded at apex, mostly 2.5-3 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide;
corolla white, 2.5-3 mm. long; pods lightly compressed but fleshy,
becoming circinate (often even 2-3 spiraled) or more often merely
falcate, 1 dm. long or somewhat longer, 1-1.5 cm. wide, tardily
dehiscing, red inside. The subcylindrical fleshy pods are edible.
Illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii. 1: pi. 26.
Piura: Negritos, HaughtF2. Cape Parinas, Haught 119. Vene-
zuela to Mexico.
Pithecolobium excelsum (Kunth) Mart, ex Benth. Trans.

Inga excelsa Kunth, Mimoseae 57. pi. 18.
Linn. Soc. 30: 573. 1875.
1820.
Similar to P. duke but typically softly puberulent especially on

the leaves beneath; corolla 6-8 mm. long, more or less puberulent.
Bentham included here P. candidum (HBK.) Benth. from adjacent
Ecuador, apparently the same but glabrous. F.M. Neg. 1192.
Cajamarca: de Bracamoros, Bonpland, type. Rio Shumba,
Jae"n
700 meters, Weberbauer 6174- Tumbez: Hacienda La Choza, rainy-
green formation, 200 meters, Weberbauer 7723. Without locality,
Raimondi. Ecuador. "Kiriguinche."
Pithecolobium inaequale (H. & B.) Benth. in Trans. Linn.

Soc. 30: 596. 1875. Inga inaequalis H. & B. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 2:
1019. 1806.
Glabrous or evanescently pilose-puberulent; stipules small, sub-

persisting at the base of the peduncles; pinnae 1 pair, with 4-7
obliquely oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate acuminate leaflets,
the larger of these commonly 12-14 cm. long, about 5 cm. wide,
chartaceous, rather conspicuously reticulate-veined both sides, the
nerves strongly arcuate ascending; heads few-flowered, fascicled at
the nodes of the older branchlets; peduncles 4-8 mm. long, calyx
tubular, 2.5 mm. long; corolla to 6 mm. long, striate, ampliate
above the teeth, obscurely puberulent; stamens red, the tube ex-
serted; pods coriaceous, strongly arcuate or circinate, 16-18 mm.
broad. P. amplum Spruce ex Benth. I.e. is puberulent including the
calyx and corolla, the former 2 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1200.
Loreto: Florida, 4 meter tree, flowers red and white, Klug 2060.
Mishuyacu, Klug 1263. Brazil.
Pithecolobium Jupunba (Willd.) Urb. Symb. Ant. 2: 257.

1900; 583. Acacia Jupunba Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1067. 1806. Mimosa
trapezifolia Vahl, Eclog. 3: 36. 1807. P. trapezifolia (Vahl) Benth.
in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 142. 1840. Jupunba trapezifolia (Vahl)
Mold. Bull. Torrey Club 59: 155. 1932. Abarema Jupunba (Willd.)
Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35: 126. 1936.
Tree, the branchlets and generally fascicled peduncles minutely

rusty tomentulose, the stipules minute or obsolete, the leaves with
2-4 pinnae, the leaflets 4-8 pairs, obliquely rhombic-
(6) pairs of
ovate, usually about 4 cm. long, half as broad, or somewhat larger,
often smaller, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, puberulent
beneath; peduncles axillary, sometimes rounded toward the tip of
the branchlets, 2.5-5 cm. long or longer, the puberulent flowers
sessile, or nearly, in globose heads, the calyx 2 mm. long, the corolla
2-3 times longer, the staminal tube included; pods circinate, the
valves finally contorting, 8-10 mm. broad, reddish within; seeds
with a horseshoe-shaped blue-green mark opposite the funicle
(Kleinhoonte). P. campestre Spruce, 436, has ovate acuminate leaf-
lets broadly rounded at base, pods green and veiny both sides.
P. daulense Spruce of southern Ecuador is glabrous including the
flowers and pods, the former 3 mm. long, the latter 12 mm. broad.
San Martin: Near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, Klug 3857 (det.

Killip). Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 310. To Colombia
and the West Indies.
Pithecolobium juruanum Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.

48: 162. 1906.
Glabrous shrub 5 to 15 meters high; leaflets 3 pairs, with a solitary
lower one, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base, often acuminate,
10-12 cm. long, 4-6.5 cm. broad, chartaceous, glabrous; peduncles
5-8 mm. long, puberulent as also the calyx and corolla, the former
3.6-4 mm. long, the latter twice as long. The Peruvian specimens
have coriaceous leaflets and at least on the leaves seen only 1 to
2 pairs; the calyx is scarcely 3 mm. long; the determinations there-
fore are open to question. F.M. Neg. 1202.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, 6 meter tree, flowers rose,

Klug 2667 (det. Killip). Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 572; 216.
San Antonio, Killip & Smith 29382. Brazil.
Pithecolobium laetum (Poepp. & Endl.) Benth. in Hook. Lond.

Journ. Bot. 3: 203. 1844; 434. Inga laeta Poepp. & Endl. Nov.
FLORA OF PERU 57
Gen. & Sp. 3: 80. 1845. P. polycarpum Poepp. & Endl. I.e. 81.
Klugiodendron laetum (Poepp. & Endl.) Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Sci. 35: 126. 1936.
Tree or small shrub, shortly rusty-villous on the branchlets,
petioles, peduncles and leaf nerves or glabrate in age especially the
leaves; stipules subulate, 4 mm. long; petioles 2.5-5 cm. long, the
glands oblong, the rachis very short, rarely 2.5 cm. long, the pinnae
usually 1 pair as also the oval or oblong-elliptic, acuminate reticu-
late-veined leaflets, these to 14 cm. long, about a third as wide;
peduncles ordinarily geminate, axillary, to 5 cm. long; calyx sessile,
turbinate, 2 mm. long, rusty-pubescent; corolla 6-7 mm. long, the
lobes glabrate or pubescent apically, the stamens 2.5 cm. long, their
tube included; pods to 1.5 dm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, the valves finally
somewhat contorted seeds white, with a fleshy aril (Poepp. & Endl.).
;
The related P. leucophyllum Spruce, 433, of the upper Amazon has

very obtuse lustrous leaflets, the corolla only twice as long as the
calyx; P. microcalyx Spruce, 434, has 2-3 pairs of broad leaflets,
the glabrous corolla four times longer than the pedicellate calyx.
To 12 meters, the timber esteemed for canoe paddles, from which
the native name "paddle-wood" F.M. Neg. 1204.
(Williams).
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2639. Loreto: Mishu-
yacu, Klug 658; 794; 955; 1039; 1534 (all det. Harms). Soledad,
Killip & Smith 29726; 29746. Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27485.
Rio Paranapura, Klug 3933. Rio Nanay, Williams 359 (det. Harms).
Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2245; 2367; Tessmann 5509; Williams 3867;
4190; 4444; 4734 (all det. Harms). To the Guianas. "Shimbillo,"
"remo-caspi."
Pithecolobium latifolium (L.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

Bot. 3: 214. 1844; 595. Mimosa latifolia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1310.
1759. Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 4, pt. 2: 150.
1920.
Typically glabrous, or the leaf-rachis somewhat puberulent; leaf-

lets 1 or 2 (3) pairs, usually with an extra one below, the lower alter-
nate, usually broadly elliptic, and with 3 nerves more prominent,
shortly and bluntly acuminate, highly variable in size, 4 cm. long,
1.5 cm. broad, or more usually 7-12 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad; stipules
sometimes persistent, 3-4 mm. long; flower-heads subsessile, densely
clustered; calyx rarely more than 1 mm. long; corolla striate, dilated
sometimes toward the ciliate teeth, 5-7 mm. long, the red stamens
more than twice as long, their tube exserted; pods slightly curved,
1-3 dm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. broad. Originally from the West Indies
but apparently the Peruvian specimens are not distinguishable.
P. glomeratum (DC.) Benth. seems questionably distinct; it has,
ordinarily, 3 lanceolate leaflets. This and allied species characteris-
tically grow along streams.
Loreto: Iquitos, Mexia 6515 (det. Standl.); Killip &
Smith 27410;
Tessmann 3640; 5118 (det. Harms, P. glomeratum or affine). Mouth
of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4090 (det. Harms, P. cauliflorum or
affine). Rio Acre: Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5328; 5798. To Central
America and the West Indies.
Pithecolobium longifolium (H. & B.) Standl. Field Mus.

Bot. 4: 212. 1929. Inga longifolia H. &B. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1010.
1806. Zygia longifolia (H. & B.) Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:
40. 1928.
Glabrous or sparsely evanescently puberulent on the leaf-rachi;

pinnae 2, with 1-2 pairs of oblong-lanceolate membranous or in
age chartaceous leaflets, these acuminate at both ends, reticulate-
venose, the larger about 12 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, the additional
leaflet near base of rachis if present very much smaller; stipules
minute or small, acuminate; spikes about 2 cm. long, shortly
peduncled or subsessile, 2 or several on the older branches below the
leaves; calyx campanulate, less than 1 mm. long, glabrous or the
minute teeth ciliate; corolla 3-4 mm. long, white, the ovate lobes
acute; stamens 1.5 cm. long, the tube exserted; pods to 10 cm. long,
torulose, with many black orbicular-lenticular seeds. P. brevispi-
catum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 68. 1922, seems similar,
especially to the northern forms that have been included, but is
puberulent on the leaves beneath.
Cajamarca: Near Cavico at the River Chamaya, Bonpland,
type. San Martin: Juanjui, tree, 10 meters, flowers white and
yellow, Klug 3915 (det. Standl., P. amplum). Junin: Puerto Yessup,
Killip & Smith 26360 (det. Killip). Ecuador? Colombia? "Chi-
chimbina."
Pithecolobium macrophyllum Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn.

Soc. 30: 593. 1860. P. martinianum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22:
145. 1940.
Glabrous; rachis of the 2-5 foliate leaves 10-25 cm. long, with a
small depressed gland between each pair of subcoriaceous, obliquely
oblong-elliptic acuminate leaflets, these reticulate-veined especially
FLORA OF PERU 59
beneath, pale green, the larger terminal, 1.5 dm. long or longer,
6-8 cm. broad, the odd basal one much reduced; spikes 1 or 2, 1-1.5
dm. long, including the 3-4 cm. long peduncle; calyx 1-3 mm. long,
the narrowly tubular corolla to 12 mm. long, apparently glabrous
but under a lens, as the calyx, obscurely and sparsely puberulent
at the subobtusely lobed tip; stamen tube more or less exserted.
A tree 3 meters high with lilac-rose flowers (Klug) ; robust climbing
shrub, spikes red (Spruce). From scrap of the type, including
flowers which show considerable variation in length of calyx and
stamen tube, it seems impossible to maintain the Klug specimen as
a distinct species. F.M. Neg. 32030.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4112, type. Chazuta, Klug 4149
(type, P. martinianum).
Pithecolobium Mathewsii Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot.

3: 222. 1844; 597.
Tree with stocky branchlets, these puberulent, conspicuously

spinose; pinnae 5-8 pairs; leaflets 15-20 pairs, obliquely oblong,
scarcely 3-nerved, glabrous above, puberulent beneath, about 5 mm.
long; peduncles 1 cm. long; calyx truncate, scarcely a third as long
as the ampliate corolla, this about 6 mm. long. Timber highly
esteemed; common on the sandy plain of Tarapoto (Williams).
P. mangense (Jacq.) Macbr., widely distributed, often has somewhat
smaller leaflets, corolla barely 4 mm. long, pod 10-12 mm. broad;
however, the species seem to be very similar. F.M. Neg. 1210.
San Martin: Moyobamba, (Mathews, type; Weberbauer, 290).
Tarapoto, Spruce 4185. Juanjui, 4 meter tree, flowers cream,
Williams 6463; 5532 (det. Harms); Klug 4173. "Algarrobo."
Pithecolobium multiflorum (HBK.) Benth. in Hook. Lond.

Journ. Bot. 3: 220. 1844; 445. Acacia multiflora HBK. Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 6: 277. 1823. Samanea multiflora (HBK.) Pitt. Trab. Mus.
Com. Venez. 2: 91. 1927. Senegalia multiflora (HBK.) Killip,
Trop. Woods63: 6. 1940. Arthrosamanea multiflora (HBK.) Kleinh.
in Pulle, Fl.Surinam 2, pt. 2: 326. 1940. P. Weberbaueri Harms,
Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 350. 1919.
Branchlets glabrous, their crowded leaves slightly overtopping
the many-flowered narrow inflorescences, the small flower-heads
racemose on peduncles only 5-10 mm. long, petiole gland obscure;
6-10 cm. long; pinnae 1-3 (4) pairs, 5-10 cm. long, with
leaf-rachis
8-11 pairs of obliquely oblong leaflets rounded at both ends, or
barely acutish, sparsely puberulent-pilose beneath, or glabrate,

mostly 1-2.5 cm. long, 5-13 mm. broad; flowers glabrous or nearly,
2-2.5 mm. long; stamens to 20; pods to 12 cm. long, 18-20 mm.
broad, about 6 mm. thick, indehiscent. The species could be left
in Acacia; the type was described as glabrous, the leaflets acute
but actually under the binocular they are seen to be obscurely
puberulent and they are acute merely by an obscure mucro. Since
the type of P. Weberbaueri and P. multiflorum are from the same
region it does not seem probable that these discrepancies are more
than variations to be expected in one species. However, I doubt
that the material that has been referred to P. multiflorum from
outside Peru (except Ecuador) is the same; Ducke, from material
other than Peruvian, has described the pod as suggesting that of
Wallaceodendron Koord., the valves of the pericarp remaining
entire while the mesocarp separates and becomes divided into
indehiscent segments; this is certainly not the case with the plant
interpreted here as the species of HBK. P. coripatense Rusby, Bull.
N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 349. 1907, found as near as La Paz, Bolivia,
has 6 pairs of pinnae, puberulent leaflets, pods apparently as de-
scribed by Ducke. P. triflorum Benth. from southern Ecuador
seems to be the same unless for the fewer (1-2) pinnae. F.M. Neg.
1221.
Piura: Negritos, Haught 274- Cabo Blanco, Haught F112;
180. Cajamarca: San Felipe, near Jae*n, Bonpland, type. Between
Jae*n and Bellavista, 600 meters, Weberbauer 6207 (type, P. Weber-
baueri). Ancash: Uchos, 1,700 meters, Weberbauer 7021 ("differs
from type in larger leaflets," Harms). Loreto: Iquitos, Killip &
Smith 29999(1}. "Cospano."
Pithecolobium niopoides Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
15, pt. 2: 447. 1876.

Similar to P. polycephalum but the growing young parts ashy-
puberulent, the leaflets linear-foliate, puberulent or finally glabrate,
only 3-4 mm. long, to 30 pairs on 6-8 pairs of pinnae; racemes in
the upper axils 5-10 cm. long, the slender peduncles 4-8 mm. long,
the heads without the stamens only 4 mm. thick; flowers sessile, the
corolla 2 mm. long, about 3 times longer than the calyx; stamens
6 mm. long, the tube subexserted pods unknown.
; The wood absorbs
water like a sponge and remains wet (Ducke). F.M. Neg. 1213.
Loreto: Mouth of Santiago, Tessmann 4035 (det. Harms).

Bolivia; Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 61
Pithecolobium oriundum Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor; ramulis cortice sordide incano obtectis flexuosis sub-

teretibus; petiolis cum rachidibus foliorum pulverulentis; pinnis
unijugis; foliolis 1-2 jugis (addito uno inferiore) oblongo-ellipticis
basi inaequaliter acutis apice acute acuminatis, 8-12 cm. longis,
3-5 cm. latis, submembranaceis, glabris vix nitidulis utrinque
reticulato-venosis; spicis ad 1.5 dm. longis; floribus sessilibus, minu-
tissime parceque puberulis, calycibus vix 1 mm. longis corollis vix
5 mm. longis; filamentorum tubus satis exsertus. The Tessmann
specimen was in Herb. Dahlem as P. amplum Spruce; it has some-
what longer calyx and corolla 7 mm. long and possibly is referable
to P. macrophyllum or some related species; only a scrap is available
to me at this time.
Loreto: Yurimaguas to Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28273,
type. Mouth of Santiago, Tessmann
Pithecolobium polycephalum Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

Bot. 3: 219. 1844; 446. Samanea polycephala (Kunth) Pitt. Bol.
Cient. y Teen. Mus. Com. Venez. rio. 1: 55. 1925. Albizzia poly-
cephala Killip, Trop. Woods 63: 6. 1940.
Branchlets, petioles and peduncles reddish tomentulose, the
last slender, 12-25 mm.
long, often fasciculate in racemes, some-
times paniculate in the upper axils and on the branchlet-ends; stipules
small, subulate, caducous; petioles often 1 dm. long or longer, glan-
dular, the middle gland oblong; pinnae 8-10 pairs, usually 5-7 (11)
cm. long, the 12-15 (25) pairs of sessile falcate-oblong obtuse or
acutish leaflets 6-8 mm. long, 3 (4) mm.
wide, glabrous or glabrate
above, minutely appressed puberulent beneath; bracts glanduliferous;
heads without stamens (these 12 mm. long their tube included) 6 mm.
in diameter; flowers puberulent, the calyx 1.5 mm. long, the corolla
3-4 mm. long (or longer?); pods straight or falcate, reddish-tomen-
tulose, 7-12 cm. long, to nearly 2 cm. wide, the margins little enlarged,
indehiscent. This is indeed a species of Albizzia if Pithecolobium
should be, as technically possible, submerged. Tree to 20 meters
high.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4407. Rio Acre: Ule 9437 (distr.
as P. multiflorum). Brazil to Guiana and Colombia.
Pithecolobium Saman (Jacq.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

Bot. 3: 216. 1844; 441. Mimosa Saman Jacq. Fragm. 15. pi. 9.
1800. Enterolobium Saman (Jacq.) Prain, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal
66: 252. 1897. Samanea Saman (Jacq.) Merrill, Journ. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 6: 47. 1916.
Branchlettips, petioles and inflorescences including the flowers

ashy or yellowish tomentulose-puberulent; stipules linear-lanceolate,
caducous; basal petiolar gland urceolate; pinnae 2-4 pairs, the upper
pinnae with 12-16 leaflets, progressively fewer below, the lowest
with not more than 8, all approximate, obliquely obovate or sub-
rhombic, obtuse, lustrous and glabrous or nearly on the reticulate-
veined upper surfaces, puberulent-strigillose beneath, mostly 3-4
cm. long, about half as broad, exceptionally to twice as large;
peduncles axillary, solitary or usually fascicled, 5-12 cm. long, the
head-like umbel rounded with 10-12 flowers on pedicels 2-4 mm.
long; calyx and corolla narrowly tubular, appressed silky-pilose,
the former 6 mm. long, the latter nearly twice as long; stamens
roseate, to 5 cm. long, the tube included; pods straight or somewhat
curved, fleshy, indehiscent, 1-2 dm. long, rarely 2.5 cm. wide.
Var. acutifolia Benth. refers to specimens with ovate or obovate
acutish less coriaceous and more glabrate leaves, the larger 5 cm.
long or longer; calyx slightly larger than in typical form (Bentham).
The herbarium specimens resemble Albizzia Lebbek (which com-
pare) with however membranous broader pods, usually less pubescent
thinner duller leaflets; it is perhaps in cultivation in Peru. Planted
in the tropics and known as "raintree."
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 3761. Tarapoto, Williams 5495.
Junin Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 58. La Merced, 5433. Central
:
and South America. "Huacamayo-chico."
1
Pithecolobium sophorocarpum Benth. in Benth. &
Hook. f.
Gen. PI. 1: 598. 1865; 588. P. angustifolium Rusby, Mem. N. Y.
Bot. Card. 7: 253. 1927.
Slender tree 6-12 meters high well marked in fruit by the fleshy
terete moniliform scarlet necklace-like pods, strongly contracted
between the seeds into often 9-12 ovoid segments 1.5 cm. long,
nearly 1 cm. broad; leaf-rachi and slender solitary or geminate
peduncles more or less rusty-puberulent, the latter to 5 cm. long;
pinnae 1-7 pairs (the gland between each pair small), usually with
12-25 obliquely oblong acute leaflets mostly 7-15 mm. long, 2-5 mm.
broad, sometimes considerably larger or especially longer, glabrous
or sometimes pubescent at base beneath; calyx scarcely 2 mm. long;
corolla about 7 mm. long, the stamen tube included. Highly
FLORA OF PERU 63
variable in size of leaflets, which

prompted Rusby to propose var.
angustifolium, Mem. Torrey Club
6: 28. 1896, but a series of
specimens seems to show variation in Central America as in the

Andes.
Huanuco: Common on forested slope, above Cayumba, Mexia
8309. Bolivia; Central America. "Siraricillo."
Pithecolobium Spruceanum Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,

pt. 2: 443. 1876; 590. Macrosamanea Spruceana (Benth.) Killip,
Trop. Woods 63: 6. 1940.
Vigorous scandent shrub, glabrous except the minutely tomen-

tulose growing parts and the inflorescence including the showy
white flowers, the stamens of which attain 3.5 cm.; stipules obsolete;
petioles to 3 dm. long, the larger glands scutellate; pinnae 6-9 pairs,
7-12 cm. long with mostly 12-18 pairs of sessile ovate-rhombic
incurved acute lustrous subcoriaceous leaflets, 12-18 mm. long,
6-8mm. wide, the terminal pair acuminate; peduncles stout, 12-18
mm. long, in the upper axils and crowded terminally, the flowers
their corolla 5 cm. long, more than twice as long as the
sessile,
tubular calyx; stamens numerous, the tube long-exserted; pods
unknown. Supposedly related Brazilian species, these with pods
(so far as known) thin to rigid-coriaceous, straight or falcate, to be
expected include P. simabaefolium Spruce, 443, 1 pair of pinnae,
1-2 pairs of oblong or obovate obtuse leaflets, to 2.5 cm. long; P.
discolor (Humb. & Bonpl.) Macbr., comb. nov. (Inga discolor
Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1023. 1805; Inga adiantifolia
Kunth, Mimoseae 66. pi. 21. 1820; P. adiantifolium (Kunth) Benth.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 218. 1844; Macrosamanea discolor
(Humb. & Bonpl.) Britton & Rose, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35: 131.
1936), well-marked by the narrow (6 mm.) leaflets, to 2.5 cm. long;
P. longiflorum Benth., 444, and P. lindseaefolium Spruce, 443, both
with many falcate-rhombic or oblong obtuse or obtusish leaflets,
1-2.5 cm. long, the former with 6-8, the latter with 3-4 pairs of
pinnae. P. Spruceanum and relatives according to Ducke become
open places or along banks they
lianas in inundated forests while in
are shrubs with long tortuous branches. The species may be a
variety of P. discolor.
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 3282. Timbuchi, Williams 879.
Mishuyacu, Klug 2504- Soledad, Tessmann 5257 (det. Harms).
Brazil. "Pashaquilla," "yaku-pashaca."
Pithecolobium umbriflorum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio

Jan. 5: 122. 1930.
Small tree, the white flowers in globosely clustered short spikes
at the nodes of the defoliate branchlets; stipules small; pinnae 3-4
pairs, sometimes with a scutellate gland between them, the rachi
more or less rusty- villous, in the Peruvian plant lightly so; leaflets
6-9 pairs, the terminal to 5 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, the lower
gradually smaller, subrhombic-falcate-oblong, strongly oblique at
base, incurved-acute and shortly setaceo-acuminate at apex, rigidly
chartaceous, scarcely conspicuously reticulate-venulose beneath;
spikes 1-2 cm. long; calyces 2-2.5 mm. long, glabrous or nearly as
the corolla, this 4-6 mm. long, the stamen tube shortly exserted.
Affine P. basijugum; the Peruvian collection seems to differ only
in being less pubescent.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 404- Brazil.
Pithecolobium unifoliolatum Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

Bot. 3: 212. 1844; 595.
Glabrous tree sometimes 30 meters high; pinnae 1 pair, the leaflets
acuminate, 1.5 dm. long, 3.5-4.5
solitary, oblong-elliptic, lanceolate,
cm. broad, subcoriaceous, reticulate-veined, especially beneath,
scarcely or not at all lustrous; heads subglobose on peduncles 3-8
mm. long, fascicled at the nodes, the white glabrous or nearly
glabrous flowers sessile; calyx minute, scarcely 0.5 mm. long, the
corolla 6-8 mm. long; stamen tube shortly or distinctly exserted.
In a specimen at Paris referred here by Bentham himself the
stamen tube is long exserted. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt.
2. pi. 118.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 460; 1358. Amazonian Brazil. "Inga-

rana."
4. ENTEROLOBIUM Mart.
Like Pithecolobium, section Samanea, except that the pod is

broadly circinate or incurved-reniform, fleshy compressed, becoming
hard, divided within between the seeds, indehiscent. As remarked
by Bentham there is no difference except in the pod and its main-
tenance must be on the ground of convenience because traditionally
recognized. This is scarcely justified if Pithecolobium itself is retained
in its broad traditional sense. Prain proposed to include here P.
Samanea (Jacq.) Benth.
FLORA OF PERU 65
Enterolobium Schomburgkii Benth. Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,

in
pt. 2: 457. 1876. Pithecolobium Schomburgkii Benth. in Hook. Lond.

Journ. Bot. 3: 219. 1844.
Branchlet tips, petals and peduncles rusty tomentose-puberulent,
the petioles glandular, the peduncles axillary, mostly 2-3 together,
scarcely 2.5 cm. long; pinnae 10-20 pairs to 5 cm. long, the leaflets
50-60 pairs, linear-falcate, rigid, convex and lustrous above, puberu-
lent beneath, 2-4 mm. long; calyx turbinate-tubular, 2 mm. long,
the infundibuliform corolla scarcely 4 mm. long; stamens rarely 20;
pod forming 1-2 cycles, dull or scarcely lustrous, 2.5-5 cm. broad.
To over 30 meters high on terra firma. E. timbouva Mart, and E.
maximum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1: 13. 1915; I.e. 2:
62. 1922, have only 2-5 pairs of pinnae, the leaflets of the former
10-20 pairs, to 18 mm. long, those of the latter 6-10 pairs, 1.5-3.5
cm. long.
Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5569. To the
Guianas and Central America.
5. CEDRELINGA Ducke
Character of Pithecolobium but the peduncles of the flower-
heads proceeding from nodes, these well developed especially after
anthesis. Pods pendulous, elongate, stiped, consisting of as many
as 6 thin compressed segments separated by somewhat contorted
tissue, each medially at the one seed little thickened but reticulate,
the sutures lineate. Seed large, plane, oval, soft. Large tree with
trunk of Cedrela, leaves nearly those of Piptadenia Poeppigii, bi-
pinnate, the leaflets few, ample, the inflorescence and flowers recalling
Pithecolobium niopoides (Ducke).
Cedrelinga catenaeformis Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio

Jan. 3: 70. pi. 6. 1922.
Piptadenia catenaeformis Ducke, I.e. 1: 17.
pis. 5, 6. 1915.
Bark deeply longitudinally rugose; pinnae 1-2 pairs; leaflets
petiolulate, 3 pairs, obliquely ovate,rounded at base, acuminate,
5-9 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, lustrous above, opaque beneath, gla-
brous and densely reticulate-veined both sides; central rachis of
terminal and upper axillary inflorescence to 15 cm. long bearing
from alternate nodes 1-several peduncled heads, these peduncles
about 1 cm. long, the heads scarcely as thick; flowers sessile, the
subglabrous calyx hardly 1 mm. long, with 5 triangular teeth; corolla
greenish-yellowish, about 4 mm. long, more than twice exceeded
by the white stamens that are connate barely to the middle of the
corolla; pod segments oblong-oval to 15 cm. long, 5 cm. wide at
middle, the terminal one often rudimentary. Each fruit segment
resembles the pod of Platymiscium. One of the largest trees of the
Amazonian region in height and size of trunk, one example noted
being 49 meters tall, 1.85 meters in diameter at 1.5 meters above
the ground; wood more spongy than that of Cedrela and emits, when
worked (but is as yet little used) a disagreeable odor (Ducke).
F.M. Neg. 1224.
Loreto: Yurimaguas (fide Ducke). Amazonian Brazil. "Cedro-
rana."
6. CALLIANDRA Benth.
Anneslea Salisb.
Shrubs or trees, usually unarmed, the bipinnate leaves with few
to many membranous or more often firm small or ample leaflets,
the narrow flowers with long (mostly 2.5 cm. long or longer) stamens
borne in heads on axillary peduncles or these solitary or subfascicu-
late in terminal racemes. Flowers 5 (6) -merous, polygamous, the
corolla narrowly campanulate to long-tubular, the petals valvate,
coalescent to the middle. Calyx campanulate, rarely deeply divided.
Stamens 10-100, partly connate or free, anthers minute, glandular-
hirsute, rarely glabrous. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled. Pods linear,
straight or nearly, usually flat with thickened margins, coriaceous
or somewhat fleshy, elastically dehiscing from apex to the often
narrowed base. The name Calliandra is conserved.
Pinnae 1-2 pairs and the larger leaflets at least about 2 cm. long.
Leaflets 1-2 pairs.
Leaflets ample, the larger several cm. wide.
Peduncles laxly panicled C. amazonica.
Peduncles more or less fascicled at the nodes.
Peduncles usually 1.5 cm. long or longer or the leaflets
obtusely acuminate.
Stamen tube included pod 8-10 mm. wide C. bombycina.
; . .
Stamen tube long-exserted; pod 14-16 mm. wide.

C. carbonaria.
Peduncles shorter than 1 cm.; leaflets acutely acuminate.
C. rotundifolia.
Leaflets all or mostly narrower than 1 cm C. angustifolia.
FLORA OF PERU 67
Leaflets several pairs.

Leaflets glabrous or essentially.
Terminal leaflets little larger than others; staminal tube ex-
serted C. chotanoana.
Terminal leaflets much larger than the others; staminal tube
little exserted C. decrescens.
Leaflets softly villous C. mollissima.
Pinnae usually and at least mostly more than 2 pairs; leaflets in any
case small and many.
Pinnae 1-2 pairs; leaflets 10-15 pairs, 2-3 mm. long. . . .C. expansa.
Pinnae at least mostly more than 2 pairs.

Leaflets coriaceous and lustrous or else minute.
Leaflets 4-8 mm. long; flowers long-pilose C. Cumingii.
Leaflets 2-2.5 mm. long; flowers glabrous or minutely pilose.
Peduncles very short C. prostrata.
Peduncles elongate C. tumbeziana.
Leaflets membranous, soft, light or bright green, at least
several mm. long.
Petioles glandular C. filipes.
Petioles eglandular.
Leaflets 8-12 (20) mm. long; stamens white.
C. portoricensis.
Leaflets 4-6 mm. long; stamens roseate C. caracasana.
Calliandra amazonica Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3:

94. 1844; 409. Inga bauhiniaefolia Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 3: 80. pi. 290. 1845.
Glabrous or the under a lens granular-punctate, and
leaflets
sparsely hispidulous on the nerves; stipules ovate-lanceolate or

narrower, to 12 mm. long; petioles 2.5-3 cm. long, eglandular, bearing
at an angle 1 pair pinnae, the leaflets usually 2, falcately oblong-
ovate, 10 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, to about twice as large, obtusely
acuminate, strongly oblique basally, more or less lustrous, firm,
the 2-3 nerves beneath prominent, the veins rather obscure; terminal
panicles with elongate branches, the peduncles solitary or fasciculate
at nodes, 12-30 cm. long; bracts oblong or ovate, half as long as the
calyx, this 1.5 mm. long, more or less deeply 5-dentate, the turbinate-
campanulate thin corolla about 3 times longer, greenish- white;
stamens roseate, many, shorter or little longer than 2.5 cm., the
tube included; pods thinly coriaceous to 2 dm. long, 1 cm. wide,

reticulate-veined, the margins greatly thickened. C. trinervia Benth.
Amazonian and similar, has the peduncles in axillary fascicles, the
shortly dentate calyx many times shorter than the firm striate
corolla, the stamen tube long-exserted. Tree to 9 meters; stamens
crimson (Mexia). F.M. Neg. 1226.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4494; Williams 6548; Ule 6720

Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Stork & Horton 9477. Along Rio Huallaga,
Mexia 8295 (det. Killip). Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke
295. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig2070, type. Rio Acre: Ule 9438.
Calliandra angustifolia Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc.

30: 539. 1875.
Tall glabrous shrub or small tree with spreading branches and
many short densely leafy flowering branchlets, the flower-heads
shortly peduncled in the axils; pinnae 1 pair, and leaflets 1-2 pairs,
oblong, rather strongly oblique, when 2 pairs very unequal in size,
the lower often reduced to 1 leaflet and only a few mm. (to 10)
long, the upper usually 2-2.5 cm. long, about 8 mm. wide,
(-3)
coriaceous, lustrous, 2-nerved; peduncles 4-8 mm. long; calyx 2 mm.
long, corolla nearly 3 times as long, the greenish-white flowers with
roseate stamens to 4 cm. long; pods finally ligneous, to 9 cm. long,
7 mm. broad, the margins strongly thickened, the valves scarcely
venose. C. subnervosa Benth. and M. Sodiroi Harms, Repert. Sp.
Nov. 17: 86. 1921, both of Ecuador, are somewhat pubescent; the
former has 2 pairs of leaflets, shortly pubescent branchlets, the
latter slightly pubescent leaflets. Used for construction (Williams).
San Martin: Juanjui, King 3765. Pongo de Cainarachi, King

2679. San Roque, Williams 6930; 7719; 7720. Junin: River gravel
bank, La Merced, 5577; Killip & Smith 23611. Rio Perene", Killip
& Smith 25122. Puerto Yessup, Killip & Smith 26347. Loreto:
Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6313. Rio Nanay, Williams 412.
North of Santiago, Tessmann 4097. Brazil. "Bobinsana,"
"bubinianal."
Calliandra bombycina Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc.

30: 538. 1875.
Glabrous, 2-9 meters high, the leaves with 1 pair of spreading

pinnae, the leaflets often 2 pairs, the lower of these about half as
large as the upper, or frequently themselves very unequal or reduced
to 1 leaflet; leaflets obliquely oblong or ovate, more or
less, often
FLORA OF PERU 69
shortly and bluntly acuminate, 6-16 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide,
chartaceous, slightly lustrous, loosely reticulate-veined; peduncles
solitary or fascicled, 1.5-2 cm. long, stipulately bracted at base, the
stipules ovate, rigid, striate; calyx 3 mm. long; corolla firm, striate,
to 12 mm. long, the stamens sometimes 5 cm. long, the tube included
or scarcely exserted; pods coriaceous, 10 cm. long or longer, 8-10
mm. broad. C. boliviano, Britton, found as near as La Paz, is ap-
parently the same; C. glyphoxylon Spruce, 539, of Ecuador, is recog-
nizable by its pilose leaflets, much smaller flowers and minute or
obsolete stipules. According to Spruce "the rich colored silky
flower-heads are much used as ornaments for the hair." F.M.
Neg. 32031.
San Martin Tarapoto, Spruce 4235, type; Williams 6821 Juanjui,
: .
Klug 4354. Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 3303. Mouth of Santiago,

Tessmann 4101 (var., det. Harms).
Calliandra caracasana (Jacq.) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30:

543. 1875. Mimosa caracasana Jacq. Icon. Rar. 3: 20. 1786-93.
Glabrous or very sparsely pubescent slender-stemmed shrub
usually a meter or so high with delicate light green rather remote
leaves composed of 3-6 pairs of pinnae, these about 3 cm. long, and
with 10-25 pairs of crowded linear leaflets, 4-6 mm. long, scarcely
1 mm. broad, soft, paler beneath; stipules lanceolate-acuminate,
striate, to 5 mm. long; peduncles slender, usually 4-5 cm. long, the
flower-heads 5-8 mm. thick; calyx cleft, 2 mm. long; corolla 3
mm. long, the roseate stamens more than 3 times longer; pods 5-7.5
cm. long, 4-8 mm. broad, the margins moderately enlarged, the
valves submembranous. The deeply divided calyx is noteworthy.
Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, Herrera 904 (det. Harms). Echarate,
Prov. Convention, 900 meters, Vargas 249; Stork &
Norton 10455.
To Panama and Venezuela.
Calliandra carbonaria Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3:

95. 1844; 538.
Similar to C. bombycina but the leaflets apparently always 1 pair,

sometimes with 1 additional, much smaller leaflet; corolla 8-9 mm.
long, the stamen tube long-exserted pods 14-16 mm. broad.
;
It
seems probable that more collections may show that only one some-
what variable species is concerned. C. trinervia Benth. of Brazil
isapparently intermediate in character, the calyx only 2 mm. long,
the corolla 6 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1233.
Loreto: Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6336 (det. Standl., C.

amazonica). Florida, Klug 2349 (det. Standl., C. bombycina). Rio
Mazan, Jose Schunke 258 (det. Standl.). Above Lima, (Raimondi).
Ecuador and apparently to Central America.
Calliandra chotanoana Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 442. 1921.

Branchlet and solitary geminate peduncles shortly
tips, leaf-rachi
pilose; 3-5
leaflets pairs, sessile, obliquely obovate, or broadly
subrhombic-oblong, strongly oblique at the base especially the
terminal, rounded or retuse at apex, 1-2.5 cm. long, 5-15 mm. broad,
the lower often minute or deciduous, glabrous or subglabrous, sub-
coriaceous, 2-3-nerved; stipules lanceolate, acute, 3-4 mm. long;
peduncles 1-2 cm. long; flowers glabrous or nearly; calyx 1-2 mm.
long, the corolla 4.5 mm. long, the exserted stamens 3 cm. long or
longer. Apparently similar to C. purpurea (L.) Benth. and C.
tenuiflora Benth., 547, but flowers as to type smaller. C. aculeata
Spruce, of Ecuador, has leaflets 2.5-5 cm. long, the peduncles 5 cm.
long; C. haematocephala Hassk., 548, origin unknown, is apparently
similar but has obtusely acuminate, much larger leaflets. It seems
probable that C. purpurea is variable. F.M. Neg. 1235.
Cajamarca: Valley of the Rio Chotano, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer
7123, type.
Calliandra Cumingii H. & A. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2:

140. 1840; 551. Inga speciosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10,
pt. 2: 320. 1840-44.
Remotely leafy, the puberulent villous petioles proceeding from

conspicuous, apparently clustered, coriaceous membranous-margined
acute stipules about 5 mm. long; pinnae 2-6 pairs with 10-25 pairs
of oblong, somewhat falcate, firm lustrous glabrous leaflets (the
rachis puberulent), usually 4-6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad or on the
older or lower leaves twice as large; peduncles slender, to 3 cm. long;
flowers at least typically somewhat long-pilose, the calyx scarcely
1 mm. long, the corolla nearly 8 mm. long; pods subligneous.
The flowers of material referred here from Central America are
essentially glabrous; Bentham remarked: "The specimens I have
seen are none of them very satisfactory, but I believe they all belong
to one species."
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Mathews, det. Benth.). Panama to

Mexico.
FLORA OF PERU 71
Calliandra decrescens Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor ad 6 m. alta; pinnis unijugis, foliolis 5-6 jugis oblique obo-
vatis subrhombeisve obtusis vel obtuse acuminatis imprimis termi-
nalibus usque 4 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis, a apice ad basin foliorum
conspicue decrescentibus utrinque costa media excepta glabris
tenuiter reticulato-venulosis nitidulis; pedunculis puberulis 1.5 cm.
longis; calyce vix 2 mm. mm. longa,
longo glabro, striato; corolla 6-7
haud striata, sparse strigosa; staminum tubo
incluso vel vix exserto;
legumine puberulo intra margines crassos coriaceo 12 cm. longo,
ad 1 cm. lato. Another close ally of C. purpurea (L.) Benth. and
apparently nearest C. tenuiflora Benth. but that species has long-
exserted stamen tube and smaller completely glabrous leaflets,
even the terminal little different in size from the others. Flowers
noted by collector as dark red and white.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 152, type; 791.
Calliandra expansa [R. & P.] Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30:
549. 1875. Mimosa expansa R. & P. in herb.
Low shrub forming clumps that are matted by the incurving of
the branches, these sometimes minutely puberulent at the tips;
leaves with 1 or rarely 2 pinnae, these only a cm. or so long and
with 10-15 pairs of linear, slightly oblique obtuse or acutish leaflets
2-3 mm. long; peduncles obsolete, to 5 mm. long; calyx 1 mm. long,
the corolla 4 mm. long, the stamens about twice as long; pods sub-
ligneous, glabrous, about 3.5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. broad. The flowers
of my collection were a very deep and bright yellow. C. taxifolia
Benth., 546, and C. magdalenae Benth., 547, both found as near as
Ecuador, usually have more leaflets that are about twice as long,
the former with corolla 6 mm. long, the stamen tube included, the
latter with corolla to 4 mm. long, the stamen tube exserted. F.M.
Neg. 1229.
Ancash: Below Chavin, (Weberbauer, 174). Near Huaraz, 2,200
meters, Weberbauer 3260, flowers blood red; 173. Huanuco: Below
Ambo, dry gravelly slope, 2419. San Rafael, Sawada PI 22. Near
Huanuco, Ruiz & Pavdn, type.
Calliandra filipes Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2: 139.
1840; 542.
In general like C. caracasana but at least most of the petioles
with a small gland near the base and with minute glands between
1 or more of the 3-4 pinnae, the rachi somewhat puberulent; leaflets
10-16 pairs, oblong, 8-12 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, puberulent both
sides; corolla 4 mm. long. I fail to see the leaf glands on the Peruvian
material and if the character is reliable, these specimens should be
referred to C. portoricensis.
San Martin: Flowers cream-colored, Juanjui, Klug 4298 (det.
Standl.). Chazuta, flowers white and yellow, Klug 4014 (det.
Standl.). Loreto: Yurimaguas, Ule 6725 (det. Harms). Brazil.
Calliandra mollissima (H. & B.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

Bot. 3: 97. 1840; 541. Mimosa mollisima Poir. in Lam. Encycl.
Suppl. 1: 46. 1810. Inga mollisima H. & B. in Willd. Sp. PI. 4:
1023. 1806.
Distinctive among Peruvian species by the extremely soft pilosity
that extends to the peduncles, least pronounced on the upper leaf
surfaces; pinnae 1 pair with 4-7 pairs of obliquely oblong or some-
what obovate, very obtuse leaflets, the terminal to 4 cm. long, 17 mm.
broad, the medial about a third as large; peduncles 2.5-5 cm. long;
flowers with the stamens nearly 5 cm. long, the corolla 4 times
longer than the calyx, this striate, appressed pubescent, about 4 mm.
long; pods ligneous, tomentose, villous, 7.5-10 cm. long, to 1 cm.
broad. Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi 19. F.M. Neg. 1250.
Cajamarca: Near Guerocotillo, Jan de Bracamoros, Bonpland,

type. Near Jae"n, Weberbauer 6238 (det. Harms). Cutervo, 7134-
Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.

Bot. 3: 99. 1840; 543. Mimosa portoricensis Jacq. Icon. Rar. 3: 20.
pi. 683. 1786-93. C. Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 88.
1921.
Like C. caracasana, and as suggested by Bentham, perhaps not
distinct except that the leaflets are commonly 8-12 mm. long, 3-4
mm. broad, and the stamens typically white. Harms in describing
his species with stamens roseate except at base, merely remarked
"of the relationship of C. portoricensis," and in view of the apparent
inconstancy of the species already proposed in the group it seems
doubtful if it is possible to distinguish yet another form. C. formosa
(Kunth) Benth., 542, also of this affinity, and perhaps extending
from Bolivia, may be distinguished by its 4-8 pairs of leaflets 12-18
mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1268 (C. Weberbaueri).
Huancavelica: Valley of the Rio Mantaro, Weberbauer 6511
(type, C. Weberbaueri). Apurimac: Oropeza Valley, Vargas 9773.
Without locality, Ruiz & Pavon. Bolivia to Mexico. "Ichipicui."
FLORA OF PERU 73
Calliandra prostrata Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 554. 1875.

much branched, the younger thick tortuous branch-
Prostrate,
letsminutely pilose; leaves small, crowded, the 2-4 pairs of pinnae
with 8-12 pairs of slightly lustrous narrowly linear leaflets, these
scarcely 2 mm. long; flower-heads with leaves on very short branch-
lets or crowded at
foliate nodes, 4-6-flowered, the slender peduncles
2-4 long; calyx 1.5 mm. long, the corolla hardly 4 mm. long,
mm.
the tube of the rather few stamens included. Except for the more
numerous pinnae this seems from description to be similar to C.
expansa.
Arequipa: Rocky slopes north of Mollendo, Worth & Morrison
15748. Without locality, (McLean in Herb. Hook., type).
Calliandra rotundifolia Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.

C. carbonaria peraffinis; petiolo communi haud incrassato 1.5-5
cm. longo; foliolis semper unijugis longe et acute acuminatis; pedun-
culis vix 4 mm. longis; corolla obscure striata; staminum tubo
breviter exserto. It could be treated as a variety of C. carbonaria
or C. trinervia (cf. under C. amazonica); the 2 leaflets form nearly
a circle. Flowers wine-red (Klug).
Calliandra tumbeziana Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 89. 1930.

Branchlets white, glabrous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
striate; pinnae 3-5 pairs, mostly 1.5 cm. long, the rachi densely
ciliate-hirsutulous; leaflets 15-30
pairs, scarcely lustrous, oblong-
linear, acute, 1.5-2.5 mm.
long; peduncles glabrate or little pilose,
2.5-4 cm. long; calyx striate, 2 mm. long, the obtuse teeth ciliate,
more than twice exceeded by the corolla, the white stamens about
2 cm. long, the tube slightly if at all exserted. Apparently nearest
C. expansa; shrub 3 meters high in deciduous bushwood.
Tumbez: East of Hacienda Chicama, Weberbauer 7677, type.
7. LYSILOMA Benth.
Altogether like Acacia in appearance and character but the Peru-

vian species unarmed and, especially, the usually 12-30 (50) stamens
more or less connate into a tube and the elongate submembranous
pods with persisting margins from which at maturity or in age the
valves separate. Dugandia rostrata (H. & B.) Britton & Killip has
stamens free except that some of them are annulately joined at base;
itspods however are similar to those of Lysiloma (to which genus

Bentham referred it) except that they break into 1-seeded joints
as do those of Mimosa. Both Lysiloma and Dugandia therefore are
arbitrary enough genera but conveniently maintained by the taxono-
mist as connecting links between the groups that account naturally
for the majority of the species.
Lysiloma polyphylla (Clos) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 535.

1875. Acacia polyphylla Clos in Gay, PI. Chile 2: 254. 1846.
Branchlets slender; pinnae 3-8 pairs with many linear inequi-
lateral mucronulate leaflets, mm.
long, firm, minutely and rather
4-6
sparsely, at least beneath, puberulent with lustrous trichomes, the
midnerve submarginal; rachis glands small or obscure; peduncles
2.5-3.5 cm. long, binate or fasciculate, the heads dense; calyx
membranous, 2 mm. long, the corolla nearly 4 mm. long, shortly
4-toothed; stamens nearly 50, about 12 mm. long, the tube nearly
as long as the corolla; pods membranous, to 12 cm. long, nearly
2 cm. broad, shortly stiped, rounded at tip and apiculate; seeds
brown, lustrous, flattened, 8 mm. broad, 10 mm. long. Although
the pod has opened there is no indication that the valves will separate
from the nerviform margins in the Peruvian specimen. F.M.Neg. 1225.
Arequipa: Below Chuquibamba, 1,800 meters, Weberbauer 6846
(det. Harms). Bolivia; Chile (cultivated).
8. ACACIA Willd.

With most of the characters of Mimosa and these as variable
but the stamens indefinite, free or slightly connate at base. The
stipules are often spinescent, the calyx often tubular or campanulate.
Pods ovate, oblong or linear, straight to contorted, continuous within
or variously divided, 2-valved, indehiscent, or very rarely breaking
into 1-seeded joints. Seeds transverse or longitudinal, the funicle
filiform or variously dilated into a fleshy aril. Besides the following,
Weberbauer lists A. tortuosa (L.) Willd., a species of the West
Indies and Colombia, his specimens no doubt referred to one or the
other of the first three species in the key. There are also three
specimens in fruit which I have not succeeded in placing but which
apparently are Acacias with spicate flowers; all are trees according
to the collectors, the prickles few and obscure: Cook & Gilbert 1485
and 1710 with native name "Huillca" have 8-12 pairs of pinnae,
the leaflets 3-4 mm. long, closely ciliate, the rachis spreading pilose-
FLORA OF PERU 75
puberulent, the pods 12 cm. long, nearly 3 cm. wide, shortly acumi-
nate at both ends, shortly stiped, densely puberulent; Killip &
Smith 2815 from Puerto Yessup is somewhat similar but the leaflets
are glabrous or appressed and sparsely ciliate, 5-6 mm. long, the
densely puberulent pods rounded at tip, apiculate, 2 cm. wide.
Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 31. 1925, has presented a
perfect case against the segregation of the genus on the basis of the
presence or absence of a gland on the anthers.
Flowers capitate, the inflorescences few; stipular spines often con-
spicuous.
Leaflets 1 mm. wide or wider A. farnesiana.
Leaflets minute.
Prostrate or spreading, low shrub A. huarango.
Tree with erect trunk A. macracantha.
Flowers spicate or capitate, the inflorescences many, paniculate;
plants smooth or prickles scattered.
Flowers spicate.
Leaflets 3-4 mm. long, ciliolate; tree A. Weberbaueri.
Leaflets 6 mm. long or longer; lianas.
Leaflets many, small.
Leaflets linear, scarcely 1 mm. wide A. Kuhlmannii.
Leaflets oblong, 2-3 mm. wide.
Pods puberulent; leaflets puberulent beneath.
A. paraensis.
Pods glabrous; leaflets glabrous at least at maturity.
A. Macbridei.
Leaflets 2-4 pairs, ample A. altiscandens.
Flowers capitate.
Leaflets few or if many, 6-9 mm. long, (2) 3-4 mm. wide; plants
without prickles.
Leaflets 4-8 pairs, ample A. Klugii.
Leafletsmany, small.
Midnerve of leaflets (these 12-25 pairs) lateral.
A. glomerosa.
Midnerve of leaflets (these 30-50 pairs) nearly marginal.
A. polyphylla.
Leaflets narrower, usually shorter; plants prickly except A.
boliviano,, rarely A. riparia.
Corolla at most twice as long as the calyx.

Flowers sessile.
Prickles recurved, at least those toward or in the inflores-

cence.
Anthers eglandular; inflorescence tomentulose.
A. multipinnata.
Anthers in bud glandular; inflorescence puberulent.
A. paniculata.
Prickles minute, ascending or straight, few.
A. loretensis.
Flowers pedicellate A. boliviano,.

Corolla to 4 times as long as the calyx, tubular, 3-5 mm. long.
A. riparia.
Acacia altiscandens Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 72.

1922.
Vigorous shortly and sparsely aculeate liana, glabrous except for

the more or less ashy-puberulent petioles, leaf-rachi and leaflets
beneath (on the nerves) and panicles, these ample, lax, the spikes
to 3 cm. long; petiole gland conspicuous; pinnae and leaflets usually
3 pairs or the latter sometimes 4 pairs, the upper leaflets gradually
larger, all oblique at base, falcate-acuminate, 5-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm.
broad; flowers sessile, ashy-puberulent, known only in bud; pods
2.5 dm. long or longer, 4.5 cm. broad, brownish-gray with an ex-
tremely fine tomentum, stiped, chartaceous-coriaceous, transversely
veined. Stamens, according to the author, evidently numerous,
the anthers glandular, but the species unique in foliage except for
A. Klugii with the flowers in heads. F.M. Neg. 27893.
Peru (probably). Amazonian Brazil.
Acacia boliviana Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 348. 1907.
Unarmed shrub with stout somewhat flexuous striately angled

branches; stipules 3-5 mm. long, linear-subulate, subpersisting;
petioles eglandular; pinnae 10-20 pairs with many oblong-linear
leaflets, these 3-4 mm. long, less than 1 mm. broad, obliquely
truncate at base, acutish, glabrous except for the softly ciliate
margins, paler beneath, veinless except for the midnerve that is
little excentric; peduncles mostly in axillary racemes, like the leaf-
rachi lightly villous, the trichomes incurved or ascending; flower-
heads with the stamens 6-10 mm. thick, the flowers glabrous,
FLORA OF PERU 77
distinctly but shortly pedicellate; calyx less than 1 mm. long, the
corolla 2.5 mm. long; pods 4-6 cm. long, 1 cm. broad or slightly
broader, the stipe about 7 mm. and abruptly pointed, the
long,
point 3-4 mm. long. This evidently
nearly A. filicoides (Cav.)
is
Trel. in which Bentham, 532, included material from Colombia to

the southeastern United States, which interpretation however was
probably too broad.
Peru (probably). Bolivia.
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1083. 1805; 502.

Mimosa farnesiana L. Sp. PI. 521. 1753. Vachellia farnesiana (L.)
Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or. 272. 1834.
Shrub or small tree, the gray straight stipular spines 5-25 mm.
long or longer, the somewhat arcuate branchlets glabrous or puberu-
pinnae ordinarily 2-3 pairs on the flowering branch-
lent, lenticellate;
lets,4-5 pairs on the sterile; leaflets many, glabrous or nearly, mostly
4 mm. long, the midnerve prominent beneath; peduncles often
panicled in the axils to 3 cm. long, the globose heads 6 mm. thick
without the stamens, these yellow, 50 or more; calyx 1-1.5 mm.
long; pods cylindric, spongy or more woody, glabrous, often curved,
4-7 cm. long, 8-15 mm. thick. The type was a tree cultivated in
the early seventeenth century in the garden of Farnesi from which
the name. The fragrant flowers have been much used in the
manufacture of perfume, particularly in the south of France. Illus-
trated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii. 1: pi. 27.
Loreto: Rio Huallaga, Williams 4914- Rio Ucayali, Killip &
Smith 26884- Perene", Killip & Smith 25405. Near Iquitos, King
677. San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6274- Junin: La Merced,
5409; Killip & Smith 23822. Warm America; widely distributed
elsewhere. "Aroma," "flor de aroma."
Acacia glomerosa Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 521.

1842; 528. Senegalia glomerosa (Benth.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer.
Fl. 23: 116. 1928.
Nearly A. polyphylla but with fewer (6-8) pairs of pinnae and the
mostly 8-12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, the mid-
leaflets obliquely oblong,
nerve strongly excentric; pods to 17 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, the valves
firm-chartaceous or scarcely coriaceous. To 14 meters (Mexia).
Flowers bright yellow (Ule); white (Klug). F.M. Neg. 1277.
Loreto: Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6258 (det. Standl.). Yuri-
maguas, Klug 2784. San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6644 (det. Harms);
Spruce 4408. Juanjui, flowers cream, King 4196 (det. Standl.).

Venezuela; Brazil; Colombia and Central America. "Pashaco"
(Mexia).
Acacia huarango Ruiz ex Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 90. 1930.

Prostrate, diffuse or suberect but always low, the young branch-
letspuberulent, becoming glabrate, the stipular spines mostly 2-3
cm. long; pinnae 5-10 pairs; leaflets 1-2 mm. long; pods villous-
puberulent, oblong-cylindric, 7-10 cm. long, 10-12 mm. thick.
Perhaps better treated as a variety of A. macracantha but with fewer
pinnae and, in the same locality, different in habit. The collections
from southern Peru may be A. macracantha.
Piura: Parinas Valley, spreading shrub seldom 1 meter high,
Haught F78. La Brea, Horton 11576. Libertad: Trujillo, Seler 263.
Lima: San Lorenzo, Gaudichaud. Chosica, prostrate in mats, 250.
Huanuco: Near Huanuco, low spreading shrub, Ruiz & Pavon,
type; 1364; 2034. Chulki, Sawada P125. Cuzco: Limatambo and
Arabito, 2,750 meters, Vargas 450; 451. Valle del Apurimac,
(Herrera 1183). Nayhua, Vargas 504- "Huarango."
Acacia Klugii Standl. in herb.

Speciei A. altiscandens similis differt aculeis ut videtur nullis,
foliolis 4-8 jugis, majoribus 2-3 cm. longis, 1.5-2 cm. latis, vix
acutis, subtus glabratis etiam ad nervos; floribus 4 mm. longis,

calyce glabro, corolla adpresse puberula. According to the collector
a tree, 15 meters high; the author has not indicated a relationship.
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4272, type.
Acacia Kuhlmannii Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5:

123. 1930.
High climbing, the stems abundantly armed with recurved

prickles; pinnae 12-16 pairs with many sparsely ciliolate leaflets
littlemore than 0.5 mm. broad, about 6 mm. long; inflorescence
rusty-puberulent, often elongate, the spikes 2.5-4 cm. long; calyx
and corolla both puberulent, the former scarcely 1 mm. the latter
scarcely 2 mm. long; anthers in bud with a rudimentary or minute
subhyaline often stipitate gland; ovary villous, shortly stiped;
pods puberulent to 12 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad. Description of
pods from Killip & Smith 26315 and Cook & Gilbert specimens which
may not belong here. Ducke remarks that the anther-gland is not
dark-colored as in the related A. lacerans Benth., 523, and A. Huberi
FLORA OF PERU 79
Ducke, both species to be expected; both have much larger

I.e.,
flowers, 4 mm.
long, A. Huberi being ashy-puberulent, the leaflets
puberulent beneath, while the leaflets of A. lacerans are glabrous.
A. amazonica Benth., 523, is sparsely aculeate, the narrowly linear
leaflets paler but glabrous beneath, the often glabrous flowers with
corolla nearly 4 mm. long, 3-4 times longer than the calyx. The
negative is of Tessmann 3256, tentatively proposed by Harms in
herb, as a new species. F.M. Neg. 1275.
Ayacucho: Rio Apurimac Valley, Killip & Smith 22953. Loreto:

Chachito Playa, Tessmann 3256. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 256.
Brazil. "Pashaquilla."
Acacia loretensis Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbor; ramulis glabris vel glabratis vix striatis; aculeis paucis

minutis curvato-adscendentibus vix 0.5 mm. longis; pinnis circa
12-jugis; foliolis 30-50 jugis anguste falcato-oblongis acutiusculis,
4 (6) mm. longis, vix 1 mm. (-1) latis supra glabris, subtus adpresse
sparseque puberulis et pallidioribus, costa fere marginale; paniculis
obscure puberulis, laxis, capitulis breviter pedunculatis; calyce 1 mm.
longo dentibus obscure puberulis; corolla fere 2.5 mm. longa cinereo-
puberula. The only other species at all similar with ascending
prickles that has come to my notice is A. Lehmannii (Britton &
Killip) Macbr., comb. nov. (Senegalia Lehmannii Britton & Killip,
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35: 145. 1936), of Colombia, much more pubes-
cent, flowers glabrous. The Killip & Smith collection has slightly
larger leaflets, the pods 9 cm. long, nearly 2 cm. wide, membranous,
glabrous, those of the Krukoff specimen 12 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide.
Loreto: Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan, tree, 10 meters, flowers
white, river bank, Jose Schunke 157, type.
Mishuyacu, Klug 1073.
Rio Paranapura, Klug 3956 (det. Standl., A. glomerosa). Rio Itaya,
10-meter tree, Killip & Smith 29537 (probably). Rio Acre: Mouth of
Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5419 (distr. as A. polyphylld}. "Pashaco."
Acacia Macbridei Britton & Rose, in herb.

Ut videtur A. paraensis peraffinis; pinnis ad 14- jugis; foliolis
glabris vel parcissime puberulis et ad basin barbatulatis; floribus
subpedicellatis glabris; leguminibus stipitatis (stipite rare 1 cm.
longo) glabris, ad 18 cm. longis, 3 cm. latis plus minusve venosis.
At one time I referred this to A. paraensis but in view of the differ-
ence noted it seems probable that it is distinct. Of course one can-

not be certain that the specimen in flower (Mexia 6327) is actually
the same; the stem angulate but the leaves including the
is less
Like the Ducke species its relationship is

leaflets are identical.
probably with A. amazonica Benth. with "narrowly linear" leaflets.

Junin: La Merced, in debris along river, 5326, type. Huanuco:
Pozuzo, open places along river, 4584. Loreto: Pongo de Man-
seriche, at water's edge, Mexia 6263 (det. Standl.) and on first island,
Mexia 6327 (det. Standl. as sp. nov. in herb.).
Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PL 4:

1080. 1806; 500. A. pellacantha Meyen ex Vog. Nov. Act. Acad.
Leop.-Carol. 19: Suppl. 1: 19. 1843.
Small thorny tree with mostly flat and spreading but sometimes
pointed crown; branchlets often ashy-tomentulose, rarely glabrous;
stipular spines slender becoming 2.5 to several cm. long; pinnae
10-60 pairs with 20-30 pairs of nearly minute leaflets or these
rarely more than 3 mm. long; peduncles usually 2 or 3 in the axils
to about 2 cm. long, the flower-heads with the stamens 6 or 7 mm.
thick; pods puberulent, subterete, straight or curved, 5-10 cm. long,
6-12 mm. thick. Apparently Bentham's interpretation of the
species as highly variable in indument, spines and pods is correct,
but Britton and Killip apply the name only to the form described
here. It is cultivated along watercourses near the coast. Illustrated,
Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 28. F.M. Neg. 1278.
Tumbez: Tumbez, Weberbauer 7730. Piura: Negritos, Haught
F101. Paita, Haught Cajamarca: Below Santa Cruz, (Weber-
56.
bauer, 189). Valley of the Utcubamba, (Weberbauer, 191). Lam-
bayeque: (Raimondi). Libertad: Pacasmayo, Rose & Rose 18525.
Chepen, Goodspeed 10011. Trujillo, Killip & Smith 21 51 9. Ancash :
Tambo de Pariocota, 2548. Huanuco: Conchamarca, Woytkowski

134. Lima: Matucana, 554. Callao, Nee; Sargent; Wilkes Exped.
Chosica, 498. San Geronimo, 5902. Arequipa: (Weberbauer, 130).
Ayacucho: Huanta, Killip & Smith 23338. Tacna: Meyen (type,
A. pellacantha}. Ecuador. "Taque," "espino."
Acacia multipinnata Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4:

31. 1925. Senegalia tomentella Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Sci. 35: 145. 1936.
Similar to A. paniculata but the anthers without a gland; rachis

of the leaves and peduncles yellowish-puberulent-tomentulose, the
white flowers nearly glabrous; pods not readily dehiscing, about 13
cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. broad, shortly stiped, rigid chartaceous, not
FLORA OF PERU 81
pilose but densely dark punctate. The type of S. tomentella is Klug

1651 from the Rio Putumayo at the Colombia-Peru boundary; the
flowers are puberulent, not glabrous as described, the anthers
eglandular. I am not convinced that the character is significant
here; apparently the glands may be translucent or poorly developed.

Certainly there is no concomitance in number of pinnae as Ducke
has thought, because in type of A. paniculata these are more than
30 pairs.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Tessmann 5511 (det. Harms, A. paniculata,
but anthers eglandular). Rio Acre: At the Rio Abunam, (Kuhl-
manri). Brazil.
Acacia paniculata Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1074. 1806. Senegalia

paniculata (Willd.) Killip, Trop. Woods 63: 6. 1940.
Scandent with straight or mostly recurved and often numerous

prickles, the branchlets, petioles and panicles more or less puberulent;
petioles with depressed gland near base, 10-15 cm. long, the 10-32
pairs of pinnae ordinarily 2.5-4 (5) cm. long; leaflets 20-60 pairs,
2-3 mm. long, linear-oblong, acute, the midnerve submarginal;
peduncles fascicled, about 1 cm. long, borne in axillary and terminal
inflorescences; calyces 1.5 mm. long, the corollas about one-third
larger; pods to 2.5 dm. long, to 3.5 cm. wide, evanescently puberulent,
coriaceous. The more or less promptly deciduous gland on the
anthers in bud typically is dark-colored, often visible in early
an thesis on some anthers. Cf. my 5544 under A. Weberbaueri.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 102. F.M. Neg. 1282.
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Ule 6623; Spruce 4480). Loreto: Forta-
leza, Klug 2802 (det. Standl., A. polyphylla}. Rancho Indiana,
Mexia 6432 (det. Standl.). Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2097 (det.
Standl., A. polyphylla). Rio Nanay, Williams 298 (probably, but
sterile). Bolivia; Brazil to West Indies. "Pasha quilla" (Mexia).
Acacia paraensis Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 73. 1922.
Scandent, the branchlets rather sparsely recurved aculeate and

minutely, as the leaf-rachi and peduncles, puberulent or glabrate;
stipules narrowly subulate, somewhat persisting ;petiolar gland large;
pinnae 4-9 pairs with 15-32 pairs of falcate-oblong acute leaflets,
8-13 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. broad, opaque, paler and more or less
puberulent beneath, the midnerve somewhat excentric; flowers
sessile, glabrous, the calyx about 2 mm. long, the white corolla 4.5
mm. long; anthers glandular; ovary villous, stipitate; pods charta-
ceous, plane, 12-15 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. broad, densely puberulent,
on stipes 1.5 cm. long. Apparently nearly A. velutina Benth.
except that the more southern species has puberulent, slightly shorter
flowers. According to Ducke the relationship is probably with
A. amazonica Benth. with striate stipules, more numerous pinnae
and corolla 3-4 times longer than the calyx. Other relatives include
A. alemquerensis Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 380. 1909, with obtuse
or retuse leaflets, 5-6 mm. broad, and A. articulata Ducke, I.e., the
leafletspuberulent both sides, the shortly stiped pods coriaceous,
8-12 cm. long or longer to 2 cm. broad, breaking into 8-12 indehiscent
segments. F.M. Neg. 27902.
Peru (probably). Brazil.
Acacia polyphylla DC. Prodr. 2: 469. 1825; 528. Senegalia

polyphylla (DC.) Britton& Rose, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35: 142.
1936.
Tree, the younger parts puberulent or glabrate; petioles 10-14

cm. long with medial scutellate gland and glands between the pinnae,
these in 12-20 pairs; leaflets 30-50 pairs, narrowly falcate-oblong,
plane or a little convex above, acutish, to 6 mm. long, 2-4 mm.
wide, the midnerve submarginal; panicles ample, much-branched;
peduncles 4-6 mm. long, fasciculate; heads 6 mm. thick without the
stamens; calyces and especially the corolla ashy-puberulent; pods
stiped, subcoriaceous, 12-14 cm. long, 3 cm. wide. Doubtfully in
Peru, the following collections probably incorrectly determined.
F.M. Neg. 33452.
Rio Acre: (Ule 9437). Iquitos, (Tessmann 5125, det. Harms).
To Venezuela and Colombia. "Pashaco."
Acacia riparia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 276. 1824; 528. A.
tubulifera Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 520. 1842; 527.
Senegalia riparia (HBK.) Britton & Rose, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
35: 144. 1936.
Typically glabrous or nearly except the puberulent panicles,

scandent, the prickles few, stout, recurved, sometimes a few on the
petiole and rachis, the former with 1 large gland, the latter with at
least 2 smaller ones; pinnae usually fewer than 12 pairs with many
4-6 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, obtuse, concolor,
linear leaflets, these
glabrous or obscurely ciliolate, oblique at base, the midnerve only
slightly excentric; peduncles 6-12 mm. long, solitary or geminate or
the upper in racemose fascicles; calyx puberulent, 1 mm. long, the
FLORA OF PERU 83
corolla about 4 times as long, glabrous except the tip; pods stipitate,
1-2 dm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, membranous, venose, puberulent, the
8-10 seeds subrotund-elliptic, lustrous. Most of the material in
herbaria must belong to some other species, probably to one of those
listed as synonyms by Bentham; M. retusa Jacq., based on a fruiting
specimen from Colombia, does not seem to have been considered by

Britton and Killip.
Cajamarca: Jan, Weberbauer 6190 (det. Harms). Confluence

of the riversAmazon and Chamay, Prov. Jae*n, (Bonpland, type).
San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200 meters, liana with cream-colored
flowers, Klug 3611 (det. Standl., A. polyphylla) Junin: Puerto
.
Yessup, Killip & Smith 26343. Locality not known, (Mathews

1568, type, A. tubulifera). Colombia?
Acacia Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 351. 1920.

Branchlets subangled, the younger softly puberulent, glabrous
in age, with a few small prickles or these sometimes lacking; leaf-
rachis puberulent, 6-13 cm. long, the pinnae 10-22 pairs; leaflets
numerous, oblong-linear, obtuse or scarcely acutish, 3-4.5 mm.
long, sparsely ciliate-puberulent or glabrate, the midnerve strongly
excentric; peduncles axillary, fascicled or the terminal racemose, the
inflorescence exceededby the leaves, the rachi velutinous-puberulent;
calyx and corolla puberulent, the former 2.5, the latter 3-3.5 mm.
long. Type from tree 6 meters high, among other small trees and
shrubs. collection was given a herbarium name by Britton &
My
Rose; pods suggest those of A. paniculata but it is a tree and the
its
leaves match those of A. Weberbaueri; the pods are glabrous, rounded
at tip (not apiculate), 12 cm. long, nearly 4 cm. wide. F.M. Neg.
1290.
Cajamarca: Between Jae"n and Bellavista, 600 meters, Weber-

bauer 6209, type. Junin: La Merced, small, branched riverside
tree, 5544 (in fruit).
9. MIMOSA L.

Herbs or shrubs, sometimes scandent, or trees, unarmed or usually
aculeate. Leaves bipinnate but sometimes apparently digitate, the
pinnae so approximate, often sensitive, rarely none, ordinarily
eglandular. Flowers small, sessile, 4-5 (3-6) -merous in globose heads
or cylindrical spikes, the calyx minute, even obsolete, the petals
valvate, more or less connate, the stamens only as many or twice
as manyas the corolla lobes, mostly long exserted, their anthers

eglandular, free or, exceptionally, shortly united. Ovary sessile
or rarely stiped, 2-many ovules. Pods oblong or linear, commonly
piano-compressed, smooth or aculeate, continuous or subseptate
within, the portion within the thickened margins finally breaking
into 1-seeded joints. In a few species there are neuter flowers with
dilated staminodia.
Flowers in elongate spikes.

Pubescence inconspicuous; petioles with a gland.
Leaflets many, small, usually glandular beneath; stamens and
petals same number.
Leaflets 16-30 pairs M. myriadena.
Leaflets 6-10 pairs M. punctulata.
Leaflets few, several cm. long, eglandular; stamens twice as
many as petals M. Tessmannii.
Pubescence conspicuous; petioles eglandular; stamens twice as
many as petals M. caduca.
Flowers capitate-globose, at least minutely, or short-spicate.
Pinnae 1 pair; stamens and petals same number.
Leaflets many pairs.
Leaflets minute, crowded, glabrate except for the setulose
margins M. pectinata.
Leaflets several mm. long, pubescent or glabrous.
Upper stems densely pubescent with spreading plumose or

papillose trichomes M. boliviano,.
Upper stems glabrous or the trichomes smooth.

Stems prickly, sometimes also with stipular spines, the
prickles recurved.
Stems strigose; pods 2 cm. long M. insidiosa.
Stems glabrous or nearly; pods 3-4 cm. long.
M. cuzcoana.
Stems little if at all prickly, but with geminate straight
or nearly straight infrafoliar spines and pilose.
M. polycarpa.
Leaflets 2 pairs.
Leaflets acute, sometimes bluntly, villous at least beneath;
pod-margins densely, -faces sparsely (if at all) setose.
M. sensitiva.
FLORA OF PERU 85
Leaflets acutish, often glabrous 1 side, or puberulent; pods

strigillose, the trichomes short on margins and valves.
M. albida.
Pinnae 2-many pairs, at least many leaves; stamens twice as

many as petals except M .
pudica, and M. polydactyla.
Leaflets all longer than 1 cm., 1-7 pairs; petiole with a gland.
Leaflets 1 pair M. extensissima.
Leaflets 2-several pairs.
Leaflets puberulent or glabrate unless in or near axils.
Pinnae 2-3 pairs M. micracantha.

Pinnae mostly 4-6 pairs M. rufescens.
Leaflets pilose beneath on nerves, not punctate.
M. xinguensis.
Leaflets rarely 1 cm. long, 4-many pairs; petioles with or with-
out a gland.
Pinnae distant, the petiole short, the rachis long; stamens
twice as many as the petals.
Plants not conspicuously hispid; corolla never densely
striate.
Spines straight, becoming stout; petiolar or leaf-rachis

gland more or less obvious.
Spines internodal; pods smooth M. montana.
Spines infrastipular; pods prickly M. revoluta.
Spines at least somewhat curved, slender and small or
broadened at base; glands obscure or obsolete.
Pods to 1 cm. wide,spinose; leaf-rachis ashy-puberulent.
Flowers glabrous as also the leaflets above.
M. Weberbaueri.
Flowers puberulent as the leaflets both sides.
M. dichoneuta.
Pods 1.5-2 cm. wide, sparsely and minutely prickly;

leaf-rachis usually sparsely puberulent or glabrate.
M. acantholoba.
Plants conspicuously hispid or prickly and then usually
also pilose on the corollas, firm and obviously striate.
Corolla membranous, not striate.

Pubescence setulose, the prickles few M. pigra.
Pubescence pilose or wanting, the prickles many.

M. invisa.
Corolla firm, multistriate M. somnians.
Pinnae digitately crowded, the petiole elongate; stamens and
petals same number.
Pinnae mostly 2 pairs M. pudica.
Pinnae mostly 4-5 pairs M. polydactyla.
Mimosa acantholoba (Humb. & Bonpl.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl.

Suppl. 1810; 426. Acacia acantholoba
1: 83. Humb. & Bonpl. ex
Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1089. 1806.
More or less prickly shrub 1-4 meters high, obscurely puberulent;
pinnae 4-10 pairs; leaflets 5-30 pairs, oblong or oblong-linear, 3-6
mm. long; peduncles slender, geminate or fascicled, 1.5-3 cm. long,
borne in upper axils and racemosely at the tips of the often elongating
branchlets; flower-heads with the stamens, 12-15 mm. thick; pods
stiped, membranous, puberulent or glabrous, acutely narrowed at
both ends, the margins finely aculeate, the valves undivided.
Tumbez: Near Hacienda Chicana, deciduous bush-wood, Weber-
bauer 7666. Cerro Viento, Haught 73. Locality unknown, Weber-
bauer 5965; 6008. "Serrilla," "una de gato." Ecuador.
Mimosa albida Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1030.

1806; 390. M. floribunda Willd. I.e. 1031.
Trailing or sprawling or if shrubby the branches elongating, more
or less armed with scattered recurved prickles and puberulent at
least toward the lower inner one somewhat
tips; leaflets 2 pairs (the
reduced), obliquely oblong, obtuse or acutish, typically appressed
strigillose both sides, the trichomes white, fine, short, often more
numerous and mixed with coarser ones beneath; upper peduncles
borne in a long often leafless terminal raceme; corolla in type glabrous
except at tip; pods pubescent with appressed or incurved rigid tri-
chomes often intermixed with a finer puberulence. Flowers mostly
bright or deep red. As shown by Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33:
(Contr. Gray Herb. 13:) 310. 1898, the species is polymorphous but
it seems distinct at least over most of its range from the more south-
eastern M. sensitiva. The many variants of M. albida, of little
interest, include var. floribunda (Willd.) Robins., I.e. 311, leaflets
glabrous above, appressed setulose beneath, the corolla puberulent;
var. strigosa (Willd.) Robins., leaflets coarsely strigose both sides;
var. erratica Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 91. 1930, leaflets glabrous
FLORA OF PERU 87
or with a few scattered setae beneath. The last suggests the Central
American var. glabrior Robins, with, however, glabrous flowers. It
may be remarked that if M. floribunda is treated as a species it must
be called M. Willdenowii Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 50. 1810,
not M. floribunda Vent.; academic perfectionists have written the
name Willdenovii. F.M. Negs. 1295; 1323 (M. floribunda}.
Piura: Cerro Viento, Haught 98 (var. floribunda). Libertad:
Trujillo, Killip &
Smith 21518. Moche, Bonpland, type. Ancash:
Pampa Romas, Weberbauer 3177. Above Samanco, 200 meters,
Weberbauer, 163. Tambo de Pariocota, 2552 (var. erratica). Lima:
Chosica, river bottom, 2858 (var. erratica). Arequipa: East of
Chala, sandy soil, Worth & Morrison 15622 (det. Johnst., M. flori-
bunda). Cuzco: Gay. Puno: Near Paraiso, (Raimondi). To Vene-
zuela and Panama.
Mimosa boliviana Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 396. 1875.

Shrub, the elongate branchlets densely rusty-pubescent with
short mostly or usually minutely plumose trichomes and conspic-
uously armed with broad-based recurving mostly infrastipular spines,
a few of these, reduced, often also on the petioles and rachi of the
2 pinnae; leaflets 20-30 pairs, oblong, mostly about 1 cm. long,
3 mm. broad, obliquely truncate at base, acutish, lustrous above,
subappressed-pilose-hispid beneath, usually darkening and the
margins recurving in drying; peduncles axillary, geminate, slender,
pubescent like the stems, sometimes 5 cm. long, the globose heads
about 12 mm. thick; calyx long ciliate-fimbriate, the twice as long
pink corolla with 4 puberulent lobes. Ornamental shrub 2-3 meters
high, the corolla and stamens pink (Vargas).
The identity of the Weberbauer specimen is open to question;
Harms at one time referred it (as a "variety") to M. acerba Benth.
of southeastern Brazil, and this name was used by Weberbauer.
Later he wrote on the sheet "potius M. boliviana." Having only a
scrap before me at this writing I cannot express a definite opinion
but it seems probable that it is a variety of the latter species, or
new. The trichomes are merely papillose but they are not smooth
as inM. acerba. F.M. Neg. 32034.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Weberbauer 1+275(1)', 190 (cf. note
above). Cuzco: Marcapata, Vargas 1346. Bolivia.
Mimosa caduca (Humb. & Bonpl.) Poir. in Lam. Encycl.

Suppl. 1810; 414.
1: 83. Acacia caduca Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Sp. PI. 4: 1089. 1806.
Tree, the sparsely aculeate younger branchlets and leaflets

beneath softly villous or tomentose; pinnae 4-6 pairs with 5-10
pairs of obovate oblong leaflets, 6-8 mm. long, lustrous and scarcely
puberulent above; leaf-rachis unarmed, eglandular; peduncles
axillary, geminate, 1.5-2 cm. long, hirsutulous, the dense flower-
heads elliptic; flowers pubescent, the corolla twice as long as the
calyx, the stamens 8 or 10; pods plane, rusty-tomentose, the margins
aculeate, the valves articulating, to about 7 cm. long, 8 mm. broad.
Piura: On the River Cachiyacu, near Gualtaquillo, Bonpland,
type.
Mimosa cuzcoana Macbr., spec. nov.

M. insidiosae ut videtur peraffinis; subscandens vel diffusa;
ramulis glabris vel glabratis; aculeis sparsis recurvis, infrastipularibus
nullis; pinnarum rachiaculeis recurvis instructa; foliolis 10-17 mm.
longis, 3-5 cm. glabris vel subtus (rare utrinque) plus minusve
latis,
adpresse pilosis; floribus glabris; leguminis oblongis glabris 3-4 cm.

longis, 7 mm. latis, margine dense aculeatis. Description of fruits
from Cook & Gilbert specimen. A
puzzling form that could be
referred either to M. insidiosa or M.
poly carpa; the specimen by
Soukup with leaflets pubescent beneath approaches the former.
There is considerable resemblance to M. Sagotiana Benth. in leaflets
but that species of the Guianas has pods 10-12 mm. broad and the
related M. schrankioides Benth., 1-nerved leaflets.
Cuzco: Santa Ana, Herrera 908 (det. Harms, M. insidiosa,
affine).Pampaccahua, Prov. Convention, Vargas 518, type. Near
Marcapata, 2,300 meters, Vargas 9691 Tapanmarce, Soukup 81 7(1}.
.
San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, Cook & Gilbert 11?'4 (det. Killip,
M. Sagotiana, affine).
Mimosa dichoneuta Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 90. 1930.
Closely branched, a meter or two high, the slender younger

branchlets more or less ashy-puberulent and rather densely armed
with mostly recurved prickles, these also present on the puberulent
leaf-rachi; pinnae 4-6 pairs, about 2 cm. long, with mostly 12 pairs
of obliquely oblong obtuse or acutish leaflets, 4-5 mm. long, 1-1.5
mm. broad, puberulent both sides; peduncles 1 cm. long; flowers
white, about 2 mm. long, puberulent; pods shortly stiped, straight
or nearly, the margins densely armed with curved prickles, the valves
ashy-puberulent, disarticulating, 4-7 cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad.
Ancash: Huaraz, gravelly river bluffs, 2523, type.
FLORA OF PERU 89
Mimosa extensissima Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3:

75. 1922.
Liana, often high climbing, the angles of the elongating puberulent

branches usually densely armed with small recurved prickles;
petiolar gland oblong; pinnae 1-3 pairs with 1 pair of falcate-ovate
acuminate leaflets, mostly 5-10 cm. long, half as broad, lustrous
above, somewhat reddish-puberulent beneath, and the 4 nerves also
slightly pilose or glabrate; panicles ashy-puberulent, often several
dm. long, open, the flower-heads with the stamens about 4 mm. thick,
numerous; flowers 4-merous, the corollas about 1 mm. long, the fila-
ments basally connate into a tube nearly as long as the ovary stipe.
M. Duckei Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 381. 1909(7), has very obtuse
or rounded leaflets densely red punctate-puberulent beneath, the
panicles reddish-puberulent. This volume was issued in two fascicles,
1907-1908, but bibliographers give the date at foot of title page.
The related M. colombiana Britton & Killip (M. bauhiniaefolia Karst.)
of Colombia is glabrous. According to Ducke his species is a con-
stituent of the impenetrable "cipoal," that is, a dense vegetation of
lianas. F.M. Neg. 28207.
Loreto: Near Yurimaguas, Klug 2793 (det. Killip). Brazil.
Mimosa insidiosa Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. 134. 1837; 395. M.

retrorsa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 364. 1842.
Divaricately branched shrub, the petioles and branchlets aculeate
and harshly retrorse-strigose; stipules lanceolate, rigid, striate, 6-8
mm. long; petiole to 3 cm. long with 1 pair of pinnae 2-3 times
longer; leaflets 12-20 pairs, oblong-linear, glabrous except the ciliate
margins, 8-12 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, obscurely binerved; peduncles
to 2 cm. long or to 2.5 cm. in fruit, racemose to the ends of the
branchlets, the globose heads without stamens, nearly 8 mm. thick;
stamens three times longer than the 4 petals, these minutely
4,
ashy-puberulent; pods 16-18 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, aculeately
setose on margins, the surfaces of the 3-4 segments sparsely setulose.
Bentham named a var. major Benth., the leaflets 12-18 mm. long.
Apparently a form of this species has been found as near Peru as
La Paz. Cf. M. polycarpa, M. cuzcoana.
Peru (probably). Bolivia to Argentina; Brazil.
Mimosa invisa Mart. Flora 20: Beibl. 2: 121. 1837; 436.

Scandent shrub, usually densely armed with recurved prickles
and more or less pilose-hirsute; stipules setaceous; pinnae 5-6 pairs
with about 20 pairs of oblong leaflets often pilose beneath; peduncles

rarely 1 cm. long, corollas about 2 mm. long, the calyx minute;
pods 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 5-6 mm. broad, the margins aculeate, the
bristly valves with 4-5 joints. The spine usually between the pinnae
of M. pigra is here replaced by a bristle. Illustrated, Mart. Fl.
Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 97.
Peru (probably). Bolivia to Paraguay and the West Indies and

Mexico.
Mimosa micracantha Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 131.

1840; 418.
Scandent, glabrous or somewhat puberulent, armed with minute
recurved prickles; petiole to 3 dm. long or longer with a gland near
base, often also between the ultimate pairs of pinnae and leaflets,
the former 2-3, the latter in 1 or 2 pairs, obliquely obovate, obtuse,
lustrous above, reddish punctate beneath (sometimes more or less
pilose in axils), very unequal in size, the terminal often 7 cm. long,
5 cm. wide, the lower much smaller; heads globose, small (3 mm.
thick), borne in ample leafless panicles; corolla tubular-campanulate;
pods 5 cm. long, 18 mm. broad, plane, glabrous, smooth, with many
submembranous segments. Pods of Killip & Smith 27222 are
3 cm. wide, 6 cm. long. Similar Amazonian species to be expected
include M. Spruceana Benth. and M. annularis Spruce; the first
has 3-6 pairs of pinnae and as many pairs of leaflets, softly villous
beneath, while M. annularis has about 3 pairs of pinnae, 4-6 pairs
of obliquely rhombic leaflets that are sparsely pubescent beneath.
Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27222. Rio Acre: Ule 9435
(det. Harms). Brazil.
Mimosa montana Kunth, Mimoseae 31. pi. 10. 1820; 427.

M. brevifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Spreng. Syst. 2: 205. 1825.
Shrubs, glabrous except for an obscure and evanescent puberu-
lence on the younger parts, the slender branchlets conspicuously
spinose with straight prickles mostly solitary between the leaf
nodes; pinnae 2-3 pairs with 4-6 pairs of oblong obtuse leaflets
about 3 mm. long; peduncles axillary, often solitary, slender, 1 cm.
long; calyx glabrous unless at tip, 1 mm. long, the glabrous corolla
2.5 mm. long; pods subsessile, glabrous, sometimes 4.5 cm. long,
6 mm. broad, breaking into 6-8 segments. A meter or so high.
M. andina Benth. and M. quitensis Benth., 427, both of Ecuador,
are similar but the former has 8-10 pairs of leaflets, 6 mm. long,
FLORA OF PERU 91
corolla 3 times longer than calyx, pods 8-10 mm. broad; the latter
12-20 pairs of leaflets, nearly minute or scarcely 2 mm. long. M.
bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze, 423, of southern Brazil, with eglandular
ample panicles, having long been introduced in southern
petioles,
South America and Asia for hedges, may be found in cultivation
in Peru. F.M. Neg. 1320.
Piura: Prov.Huancabamba, Weberbauer 6067 (det. Harms).
Cajamarca: Near Cajamarca, Bonpland, type. Ecuador.
Mimosa myriadena Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 408. 1875.

Entada myriadena Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 133. 1840. Acacia
paniculaeflora Hochst. Flora 760. 1843.
Scandent, lightly puberulent, the prickles minute, recurved, the

petiolar gland scutellate, the leaves with 8-12 pairs of pinnae, the
flowers in cylindric, amply panicled spikes; petioles 7 cm. long or
longer, the pinnae about 3 cm. long; leaflets 20-30 pairs, obliquely
oblong, obtusish, usually mucronulate, minutely strigillose and
punctate-glandular beneath, 3-8 mm. long; corolla to 2 mm. long,
petals and stamens each 5, the former separated nearly to base;
pods to 7 cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad, shortly stiped, plane, breaking
into 8-15 segments, gland-dotted. The Peruvian plant, at least
as to Schunke 68, lacks the glandular punctae on the leaflets beneath,
and has many pinnae; otherwise, at least in absence of fruit, it seems
to be indistinguishable and may become var. egena Macbr., var.
nov. pinnis circa 22-jugis foliolis haud glanduliferis. F.M. Neg. 21882.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 44-24 (det. Harms).
Mishuyacu, Klug 775. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 68 (type, var.).
To Colombia(?) and the Guianas. "Pashaquilla."
Mimosa pectinata Kunth, Mimoseae 5. pi. 2. 1820; 396.

Younger branchlets appressed strigose and sparsely aculeate,
the spines straight; leaves subsessile, the 2 pinnae rarely 2 cm. long,
the 20-25 pairs of linear coriaceous leaflets 3^4 mm. long, so crowded
that they appear imbricate; peduncles axillary, 5-10 mm. long,
densely strigose-villous; calyx much divided into silvery setae,
half as long as the appressed puberulent corolla, this with 4 lobes;
pods appressed strigose, the margins appressed setulose, about 1.5 cm.
long, 4 mm. broad, separating into 3 or 4 articulations.
Piura: On the Rio Huancabamba, near Gualtaquillo, Bonpland,
type. Cajamarca: Valley of the Huancabamba, 800 meters, Weber-
bauer 7114; 7117. Locality not known, Weberbauer 6171. Ecuador?
Mimosa pigra L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 273. 1755; 437. M. asperata

L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1312. 1759.
Harshly pubescent shrub, the long branches armed with scattered

recurved prickles, these often extending to the long leaf-rachi which
bear 8-15 pairs of divaricate pinnae; leaflets many, sometimes 40
pairs, oblong-linear, 4-6 mm. long, usually slightly appressed hispid
only beneath, the margins ciliate; peduncles solitary or geminate,
1-3 cm. long; flowers 4-merous, pink-lilac, the calyx about 2 mm.
long, ciliate, the corolla twice as long, hispidulous at tip; pods
generally several in each head, 3-6 cm. long or longer, about 1 cm.
wide, apiculate, inordinately setose, finally breaking into many
short joints. The leaflets are sensitive to touch and collapse or
droop. Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 9.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 4990; 5090. Rio Nanay, Williams

601. Near Iquitos, King 934. Pebas, Williams 1992. Near mouth
of Rio Tigre, Killip & Smith 27517. Rancho Indiana, Mexia 6427.
Warm America and Africa. "Pingahuisacha."
Mimosa polycarpa Kunth, Mimoseae 8. pi. 3. 1820; 396.

A shrubwith terete striate pilose aculeate branchlets, the spines
geminate below the base of the petioles, conical, subulate, straight,
to 6 mm. long; stipules hispid, acuminate, 6 mm. long; petioles to
16 mm. long, hispidulous; leaflets 20-22 pairs, oblong-linear, acute,
to 10 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, glabrous above, appressed-
pilose beneath and on the margins; peduncles axillary, to 1 cm. long
in fruit; flowers 4-merous, glabrous, the calyx minute; pods oblong,
16-18 mm. long, 5 mm.
broad, pilose-hispid, the margins densely
setose-spinose, with 3-4 segments. Description after Kunth. In
the type the prickles are at first slightly curved. This is the earliest
name for a group of extremely closely related forms included by
Bentham in series Castae and Pectinatae; much herbarium material
from south and east of Peru referred here, probably because of the
stipular spines, apparently should be included rather in M. insidiosa
or related species, the spines being curved, often solitary, although
the latter species as to type seems to have only scattered prickles.
F.M. Neg. 1359.
Cajamarca: Near Cajamarca, Bonpland, type. Chota, Raimondi.
Cayacati, Raimondi. Junin: Montanas de Huancayo, (Raimondi).
To Colombia.
Mimosa polydactyla Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4:
1033. 1806; 397.
FLORA OF PERU 93
Similar to M.
pudica but the pinnae 4-5 (rarely 3) pairs, the
leaflets often many and usually somewhat smaller, the pods
twice as
so numerous that they form a globose head, their margins densely
echinate with yellowish bristles. Stems often densely long-hirsute.
Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 5. F.M. Neg. 1358.
Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 26892; Klug 145. Caballo-
Cocha, Williams 2066. Brazil to Colombia and the Guianas.
Mimosa pudica L. Sp. PL 518. 1753; 397. M. hispidula HBK.

Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 252. 1824.
Low laxly growing more or less ligneous lightly pubescent or
glabrate herb (or often shrubby), armed mostly below the stipules
with a few incurved prickles; pinnae 2.5-5 cm. long, mostly 2 pairs
(or rarely 1) borne almost together near the tip of the slender petiole,
this about as long, the numerous oblong-linear ciliolate leaflets 6-10
mm. long; peduncles axillary or sometimes racemosely terminal,
solitary or 2-3, about as long as the petioles; heads ellipsoid, 1 cm.
long, the 4 petals and 4 stamens pinkish or violet; pods few to many,
oblong, usually about 15 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, glabrous except
the setose margins, the segments 3-4 (2-5).
Sensitive to irritation; the collapse of the leaflets is said to be
caused by a sudden change in the position of water from the cells of
the pulvinus to adjacent air-spaces, the cells regaining their turgidity
as the water is slowly reabsorbed, the leaves again stiffening. Often
seen in greenhouses as a "sensitive plant." Varying from forma
hispidior Benth. to forma glabrior Benth. The related M. polydactyla
HBK. is more robust, the apparently digitate leaves with 3, usually
4-5 pairs of pinnae, the pods marginally more densely echinate and
often so numerous as to form globose heads. Sometimes 1 meter
high. Illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
Loreto: Iquitos, Klug 768; Killip & Smith 26891. Yurimaguas,
Williams 4032; 7850. Rio Nanay, Williams 453. Cuzco: Paucar-
tambo, H
err era 3. Warm America; introduced into tropical Asia
and Africa.
Mimosa punctulata Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30:

408. 1875.
Closely related to M. myriadena and similar in most respects but

the branchlets typically remotely or finely prickly, the leaves with
only 3-6 pairs of pinnae, each with 6-10 pairs of obliquely obovate
or rounded leaflets, glabrous except for some minute scattered
glands beneath, mostly 12-18 mm. long, about 7 mm. broad, broadly
&
rounded at the tip, truncate at base. Killip Smith 29383 is densely
prickly. F.M. Neg. 1362.
Loreto: Rancho Indiana, Mexia 6433 (det. Standl., Entada poly-
phyttd). Florida, King 2006; 2356. Mishuyacu, Klug 881. Rio
Itaya, Killip & Smith 29383. Brazil. "Pashaquilla."
Mimosa revoluta (Kunth) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4:

409. 1842; 425. Acacia revoluta Kunth, Mimoseae 84. pi 26. 1820.
M. gonoclada Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 427. 1875. M. soratensis
Benth. l.c.(?)
Glabrous or glabrate, the stout somewhat angled branches and
branchlets conspicuously armed with broad-based straight, mostly
stipular and often geminate spines; petioles, or at least the leaf-
rachis between the lowest of the 2-6 pairs of pinnae, with a depressed
orbicular or scutellate gland; leaflets lustrous or early puberulent,
4-10 (15) pairs, oblong, obtuse or acutish, ordinarily 7 mm. long,
2 mm. broad, the midnerve submarginal; peduncles soon axillary
and becoming 2-4 cm. long, flowers typically in globose heads,
5-merous, glabrous or the calyx a little ciliate, the corolla about
3 mm. long; pods sessile, curved or circinate, typically densely
spinose, 4 cm. long or longer, nearly 1 cm. broad. The glands
appear to develop in varying degree. M. soratensis seems to be a
variety, the pods 3 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, aculeate only on the
margins. My collections are aberrant, the flowers in short spikes.
F.M. Neg. 28209.
Cajamarca: Near Cajamarca, Bonpland, type. Junin: Cabello,
1328. Ancash: Chacchan, 2536. Libertad: Prov. of Huamachuco,
Weberbauer 7005 (det. Harms, M. soratensis affine). Cuzco: Ollan-
taytambo, Weberbauer 5078 (det. Harms) 175. Valle del Urubamba,
;
2,200 meters, Herrera 3248; 3226; 2095. Valle de San Miguel,

Herrera 1983. Machu-picchu, Vargas 525. Bolivia. "Huasango,"
"michi-ccallo," "algorobo."
Mimosa rufescens Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 362. 1876.
LikeM. micracantha but reddish puberulent to nearly glabrous,
remotely and minutely aculeate, and, especially, the pinnae mostly
4-6 pairs, the leaflets 3-7 pairs, the larger to 2.5 cm. broad, little
longer, glabrous or a little pilose in the axils of the veins, the punctae
beneath minute; pods 1 dm. long or longer, 12 mm. wide. F.M.
Negs. 28229; 21881 (as micracantha).
FLORA OF PERU 95
Loreto: Iquitos, Tessmann 5033 (det. Harms); King 731; 820

(both det. Killip); Kuhlmann 17560 (det. Ducke). Brazil; Bolivia.
"Pashacillol."
Mimosa sensitiva L. Sp. PI. 518. 1753; 390.
Sprawling, or more or less scandent, much branched, the branch-

lets in greater or less degree hirsutulous or puberulent and usually
lineately armed with small prickles; stipules lanceolate, rigid, pecti-
nate-ciliate, often 4 mm. long; petioles 2.5-5 cm. long, often densely
aculeate, the rachis scarcely more than 1 cm. long, pilose or villous;
leaflets 2 pairs, obliquely acute, the larger
ovate-lanceolate,
usually 3.5-5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, 3-4-nerved, the margin
appressed-spinulose-ciliate, appressed-villous both sides or glabrous
above; peduncles to 2.5 cm. long, often geminate, the terminal
racemose; flowers 4-merous, the calyx fimbriate-setulose at the
throat; pods about 2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, acuminate, abundantly
setose, especially at the margins. Description after Bentham, who
remarks that the interpretation of the species could readily include
M. Humb. & Bonpl. and M. Velloziana Mart, the latter gla-
albida
brous, even the branchlets, except sometimes for a few strigose
trichomes on the leaflets beneath. All of these forms contract their
leaves when touched.
Cajamarca: Cascas, (Raimondi, det. Harms). Brazil. "Tapate,"
"cirrateputa."
Mimosa somnians Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1036.

1806; 434.
Semiherbaceous, the elongate branchlets more or less glandular
villous, sometimes glabrate, usually sparsely aculeate; petioles
slender; pinnae 2-8 pairs with 12-30 pairs of linear-oblong glabrous
leaflets 2-4 mm. long; upper peduncles racemose, to several cm.
long; flowers pink, 4-merous, the corolla conspicuously striate; pods

4-7 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, glandular or glabrous, more or less
stiped, the segments 5-8. Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 7.
Peru (probably). Bolivia and Paraguay to Venezuela; Colombia;
Panama.
Mimosa Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:

967. 1926.
Scandent, the somewhat velvety-puberulent and angled upper

branchlets abundantly armed with stout recurved prickles that
extend also to the petioles and puberulent leaf-rachi which are sub-
globosely glandular between the 2-3 pairs of pinnae; leaflets 2-4
pairs, shortly petiolulate, obliquely obovate, often more or less
rhombic, obtuse or rounded at apex, mucronulate, very minutely
puberulent both sides, 3-5 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad; peduncles 1 cm.
long, the densely flowered spikes to 4 cm. long or longer borne in
a rather ample puberulent panicle; calyx minutely pubescent as
the 5 petals without, the stamens 10. According to the collector
the lower stem sometimes is 5 cm. thick, without spines and contains
drinkable water; petals orange-yellow-green. F.M. Neg. 1440.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, flood-free woods, Tessmann
4441, type. "Pachaco."
Mimosa Weberbaueri Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 90. 1909.

M. dichoneuta but the pubescence a little longer,
Resembles
rather villous-puberulent, the pinnae 6-10 pairs, the leaflets glabrous
or nearly above; peduncles 1-2 cm. long, terminally panicled; flowers
glabrous, 2-2.5 mm. long; pods 3-5 cm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, shortly
ashy-villous. F.M. Neg. 1444.
Amazonas: Near Chachapoyas, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer 4321,
type.
Mimosa xinguensis Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4:

32. 1925.
Scandent shrub, the somewhat angled branchlets, petioles and
panicles densely armed with small retrorse prickles and more or
less rusty-puberulent; pinnae 2 pairs, with an elevated gland on the
petiole and sometimes 1 or more between the leaflets which are in

2 pairs on the lower pinnae, 3 pairs on the upper, the terminal ones
to 6 cm. long, 3.5 cm. broad, the others much smaller, the basal
sometimes only 1 cm. broad and little longer, all strongly falcate
or oblique or subrhombic, obtuse, lustrous and more or less pilose-
puberulent above, more densely so beneath, at least on the prominent
nerves, the veins reticulate; inflorescence and flowers of M. micra-
cantha but densely prickly. The related M. Spruceana Benth. and
M. annularis Spruce of northern Brazil are sparsely prickly and have
4-6 pairs of leaflets, those of the latter only to 2.5 cm. long, those
of the former softly tomentose-villous beneath and also reddish-
punctate. F.M. Neg. 1446.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 46- Mishuyacu, Klug 772
(det. Killip). Rio Itaya, Kittip & Smith 29409 (det. Killip). Brazil.
"Pashaquilla."
FLORA OF PERU 97
10. SCHRANKIA Willd.
Leptoglottis DC.; Morongia Britton.

Sprawling sometimes prostrate abundantly aculeate more or less
woody or herbaceous plants not separable from Mimosa in character
except for the narrow terete-tetragonous pods. Flowers in globose
heads, usually 5-merous, the stamens twice as many as the petals,
these coalescent to the middle, the filaments filiform in hermaphro-
dite flowers, often complanate in male. Leaves characteristically
remotely bipinnate, the petiole eglandular, the sensitive leaflets
small. The name Schrankia has been conserved.
Schrankia leptocarpa DC. Prodr. 2: 443. 1825; 441. Lepto-

glottis leptocarpa (DC.) Standl. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 458.
1925.
Aculeate even to the pod-margins, the petioles less so, these to
1 dm.long, the spreading or subscandent stems often several dm.
long, glabrous; stipules setaceous, rigid; pinnae 2-3 pairs, 2.5-5 cm.
long; leaflets 10-20 pairs, oblong-linear, strongly inequilateral at
base, 6-12 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad; peduncles axillary, solitary
or binate, 4-10 mm. long, the globose heads without the stamens
4 mm. thick; corolla scarcely 2 mm. long, glabrous, the stamens
twice as long; pods 7-10 cm. long, 4 mm. thick, long-beaked, at
maturity 4-valvate, 2 of the valves broader; seeds many, obovoid,
black, lustrous. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 99.
Loreto Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Klug 1291
: . Brazil to Colombia.
11. DESMANTHUS Willd.

Acuan Medic.
Rather similar to Neptunia and Mimosa, particularly the former,
but stems more erect, often woody, stipules setaceous, anthers
eglandular and pods linear, normally several in a cluster, the valves
not separating from the margins, the seeds oblique or longitudinal
in position. The name of Willdenow has been conserved.
Desmanthus depressus Humb. & Bonpl. in Willd. Sp. PL

4: 1046. 1806; 386. Acuan depressum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. 158. 1891.
Glabrate, diffusely branched; pinnae 1-5 pairs, often only 2.5 cm.
long with 10-20 pairs of leaflets, usually shorter than 4 mm.; petiolar
gland orbicular, small; otherwise like D. virgatus to which it probably
should be referred as a variety (Bentham). F.M. Neg. 1473.
Libertad: Chicama Valley, Smyth Jtf. Bolivia and Argentina to

the West Indies and Central America.
Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 1047. 1806; 385.

Mimosa virgata L. Sp. PI. 519. 1753. Acuan virgatum (L.) Medic.
Theod. Sp. 62. 1786.
More or less ligneous below, the slightly angled and striate erect
or suberect stems often several dm. high, sometimes higher, glabrous
or early lightly pubescent; pinnae 2-4 (7) pairs, to 4.5 cm. long or
longer, the leaflets 4-8.5 mm. long; gland large, cupulate; flowers
white, 6-10 in each head, the glabrous corolla 3-4 mm. long, the
stamens twice as long; pods erect-spreading, 3.5-8 cm. long, 3-4 mm.
wide, the margins thickened, with as many as 20 (or more) obliquely
placed seeds. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 79; Degener,
Fl. Hawaii.
San Martin: Rio Huallaga, Williams 6215. Piura: Nigritos,

Haught 60. Lima: Environs Lima, (Raimondi). Warm America.
12. LEUCAENA Benth.
Like Mimosa but always trees or shrubs and unarmed. Stipules

setaceous or small. Flowers in globose heads. Stamens 10. Ovary
stiped. Pods broadly linear, firm-membranous, bivalved, continuous
within, the seeds transverse, ovate-oblong, compressed, with scanty
albumen. Cf Acacia glomerosa, which simulates
. this when in fruit.
Leaflets 8-12 mm. long L. glauca.

Leaflets larger.
Leaflets soon glabrous L. trichodes.
Leaflets puberulent beneath L. canescens.
Leucaena canescens Benth. PI. Hartw. 117. 1843; 444.

Resembles L. but puberulent-pilose on the peduncles,
trichodes
petioles, and especially on the leaflets beneath, these

leaf-rachi
membranous, sometimes as many as 6 pairs, in the type only 2-3;

peduncles 2-3 cm. long; anthers densely pilose. As in the related
species the rachis glands are elevated and rather conspicuous. F.M.
Negs. 28145; 32051.
Tumbez: Near Ricaplaya, deciduous bushwood, Weberbauer 7739.
Ecuador.
FLORA OF PERU 99
Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 416.

1842; 443. Mimosa glauca L. Sp. PI. 520. 1753.
Becoming a small tree, the young subterete branchlets, leaves
and peduncles minutely tomentulose; petioles 10 cm. long or longer,
sometimes with a gland between or below the lowest pinnae, these
in 4-8 pairs, 5-10 cm. long; leaflets 10-20 pairs, linear to lanceolate,
oblique and strongly inequilateral, 8-12 mm. long, glabrous, mem-
branous, paler beneath; peduncles axillary, 1-3, the upper panicled,
the globose heads nearly 2.5 cm. thick with the stamens, these
twice as long as the corolla, the petals of this finally parted to base,
2 mm. long and twice as long as the calyx, which is equaled by the
ovate bracts; pods 10-15 cm. long or longer, 8-12 mm. broad, shortly
stiped, the many seeds oblong. Cultivated in warm regions for
ornament. Illustrated, Sargent, Silva 3: pi. 139.
Lima: Chosica, small much-branched tree by fence, 2857.

Tacna: Shepard 304- Warm America.
Leucaena trichodes (Jacq.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4:

417. 1842; 444. Mimosa trichodes Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 76. pi.
394- 1798.
Glabrate shrub, the minute puberulence evanescent; petioles
slender with 2-3 rather remote pairs of divaricate ascending pinnae,
the leaflets 2-5 pairs somewhat obliquely ovate, rounded or acute at
base, apiculateand usually obliquely rounded at apex or sometimes
acute, ordinarily 2-3 cm. long, about half as broad, subcoria-
ceous; peduncles fascicled in the axils, 1-2 cm. long, the flower-
heads scarcely 1 cm. thick; anthers with a few long crisp trichomes;
pods membranous, 10 cm. long or longer, about 2 cm. broad, lustrous,
glabrous. Haught F119 was referred here by Harms without
question but Rose wrote the collector that it was a new species.
As the only difference seems to be the acute or acuminate leaflets
itmay become var. acutifolia Macbr., var. nov., foliolis acutis vel
interdum acuminatis. Besides the collections cited Bentham noted
without locality, Mathews 476, Cuming 985.
Ruiz & Pavon were told, as they noted in their journal, that the
animal eating this plant loses the hair of the mane and tail and
that any person may become bald by washing his hair several times
with water in which the leaves have been bruised. Nevertheless,
according to the observation of Mrs. Mexia, the foliage is fed to
stock. F.M. Neg. 32049.
Piura: Parinas Valley, Haught F119, type, var., (Weberbauer,

150). Rio Quiroz, (Raimondi}. Cajamarca: Nanchoc, (Raimondi).
Lima: Chancay, Ruiz & Pavdn. Huanuco: Maranon Valley,
(Weberbauer, 155). Apurimac: Rio Pachachaca, dry shrub-land,
Goodspeed 10522 (det. Standl., L. canescens). Libertad: Taya-
bamba, (Raimondi). Locality unknown, Weberbauer 5876. Cuzco:
Rio Vilcanota, Mexia 8024 (det. Killip). To Venezuela and Central
America. "Chamba," "yerba de la lancha."
13. PIPTADENIA Benth.

Reference: Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 366-373. 1875.
Shrubs or trees sometimes prickly with bipinnate leaves, the
leafletsmost often opposite, small, numerous, and the main rachis
characteristically glandular at the base of the pinnae. Flowers
5-merous, small, in axillary cylindrical spikes or heads frequently
panicled. Calyx campanulate, minutely dentate. Petals usually
nearly free but sometimes connate to the middle, valvate. Stamens
10, free, exserted, deciduously glandular.
usually Pods rarely
sessile, broadly linear, plane or subcoriaceous, 2-valved, continuous
within, the seeds exalbuminous. P. colubrina and P. grata approach
Leucaena but in the pods and large compressed exalbuminous
seeds they are characteristically Piptadenia.
Called "Yopo" tree the "beans" are ground to powder and
inhaled for intoxication; cf. P. colubrina.
Leaflets 10 mm. long or longer; ovary villous P. adiantoides.

Leaflets much smaller, many.
Leaflets usually 3-several mm. long, at least the midnerve obvious;
flowers in cylindrical spikes.
Leaflets glabrous or merely pubescent at base on nerve.
Ovary glabrous; pinnae usually many; leaflets membranous.
Pinnae mostly fewer than 10 pairs; calyx glabrous.
Pod valves membranous, raised above the seeds; leaflets
dull P.flava.
Pod valves subcoriaceous, the seeds scarcely obvious;
leaflets lustrous P. communis.
Pinnae mostly more than 10 pairs; calyx usually pubescent.
P. pteroclada.
Ovary pinnae 3-6 pairs; leaflets firm. .P. Weberbaueri.
villous;
Leaflets puberulent, at least beneath.
FLORA OF PERU 101
Ovary villous; leaflets about 6 mm. long P. Killipii.

Ovary glabrous; leaflets about 3 mm. long P. viridiflora.
Leaflets about 2 mm. long or smaller, the nerve obscure; flowers
in globose heads.
Heads mostly paniculate P. colubrina.
Heads axillary or racemose P. grata.
Piptadenia adiantoides (Spreng.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb.

49: 17. 1919; 367. Acacia adiantoides Spreng. Syst. 3: 146. 1826.
P. laxa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 335. 1842.
Glabrous or typically somewhat puberulent with a few small
recurved prickles on the long branches and leaf-rachi; petiolar gland
oblong; pinnae 2-4 pairs with 4-7 pairs of obliquely ovate or obovate-
elliptic leaflets, these usually about 2 cm. long, half as wide or in
the Peruvian variety much larger; spikes slender, 5-10 cm. long,
solitary or fasciculate in the upper axils or in leafless panicles, 2-3
dm. long; flowers usually glabrous, scarcely 2 mm. long, not including
the twice as long stamens; calyx about a fourth as long as the corolla;
ovary stipitate, more or less villous; pods firm-membranous,
straight,
1 dm. long or longer, about 2 cm. wide.
Liana or shrub with the
upper branches more or less scandent. The Peruvian plant seems
to be the same except for the much larger leaflets and may be noted
as var. peruviana Macbr., var. nov., foliolis ad 5 cm. longis, 3 cm.
latis, apice vel obscure breviterque acuminulatis (Klug
obtusis
4018, type). P. uaupensis Spruce, 273, of northern Brazil, has a
globose petiolar gland, 2 pairs of pinnae, 2-3 pairs of obovate leaflets,
to 5 cm. long; P. Poeppigii Klotzsch ex Benth., 274, Amazonian,
has even larger obtusely acuminate leaflets and according to Ducke
is Stryphonodendron paniculatum Poepp. & Endl. Illustrated, Mart.
Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2.pi 72.
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4018, var. Loreto: Yurimaguas,

(Poeppig, det. Benth. with query). Balsapuerto, Klug 2927.
Brazil.
Piptadenia colubrina (Veil.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4:

341. 1842; 372. Mimosa colubrina Veil. Fl. Flum. Ic. 11. pi. 16.
1827, Text, ed. Netto, 434. 1881.
Smooth and glabrous tree or the young parts minutely puberulent,

leaves with 15-20 pairs of pinnae, the many linear leaflets 3-4 mm.
long, rather lustrous; peduncles fasciculate at the tips of the branch-
lets, racemose and paniculate, few axillary, the heads globose,

scarcely 5 mm. in diameter without the stamens; anthers glandular
in bud; pods to 2.5 dm. long, 1.5 cm. wide or somewhat wider,
plane, coriaceous, more or less regularly constricted between the

seeds. which certainly is very closely related if indeed
Cf. P. grata
its character should not be broadened to include P. colubrina as a
more southern-ranging variety; it seems probable that the Peruvian

specimens referred here by Bentham are rather P. grata. P. peregrina
(L.) Benth., to be expected, has peduncles mostly axillary, anthers
eglandular. Attains 30 meters. The bark is said to be astringent.
The seeds of both species, finely ground, are used as snuff and are
highly narcotic; cf. Safford, Ann. Report Smiths. Inst. 393-397.
1917, and Herrera says that the wood is much appreciated for fine
canes. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 76.
Cajamarca: Chota, (Bonpland). Huanuco: (Mathews 907).

Brazil; Bolivia. "Angico," "vilca," "huillca," "willca" (Safford),
"parica."
Piptadenia communis Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 337.

1842; 370.
Becoming a tree, the younger branchlets more or less 4-5 wing-
angled (or sometimes merely striate), the angles sparsely to densely
aculeate, the small prickles straight or incurved; petioles with 1
scutellate or verruciform gland near the base; pinnae 2.5-7 cm. long,
glabrate, 5-12 pairs, the 30-50 pairs of falcate-linear leaflets obtusely
mucronulate, oblique at base, 4-6 (8) mm. long, the midnerve ex-
centric; spikes axillary and racemose, densely flowered, about 6 cm.
long, the rachis puberulent, the minute bracts persisting; calyx
minute, scarcely one-fourth as long as the glabrous petals, these
nearly 2 mm. long, reddish in age; ovary glabrous, stipitate; pods
plane, obscurely but rather coarsely reticulate-veined, coriaceous, to
about 10 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide, the position of the seeds scarcely
if at all Sometimes attains 15 meters, the wood used for
obvious.
posts and beams (Mexia). This is P. gonoacantha (Mart.) Macbr.
Contr. Gray Herb. 49: 17. 1919, which name however is not employed
here because of the possibility that Acacia callosa Spreng., Syst. 3:
138. 1826, may actually prove to be the same species and in this
case the earliest cognomen. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:
pi. 74 (except probably the pods).
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9433 (det. Harms). To
southern Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 103
Piptadenia flava (Spreng.) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 371.

1875. Acacia flava Spreng. ex DC. Prodr. 2: 469. 1825.
Much like P. communis but in general the branchlets slenderer
terete or slightly striate, the prickles sometimes stouter and, espe-
cially, the leaflets thinner not at all lustrous and usually drying pale
yellowish-green; pinnae 6-10 pairs; leaflets 4-8 mm. long, obscurely
ifat all puberulent, the midnerve little excentric; petals 1.5-2 mm.
long, the calyx one- third to one-half as long; ovary glabrous; pods
obviously membranous, obscurely and finely veiny, lustrous, to 8 cm.
long, 1.5 cm. broad, the surfaces irregular by the maturing seeds.
F.M. Neg. 1477.
Tumbez: Prov. Paita, Haught 105. Hacienda la Choza, Weber-
bauer 7689. San Martin: Chazuta, King 4022 (det. Standl.).
Ayacucho: Estrella, Killip & Smith 23091 (perhaps; sterile). To
Colombia and Trinidad. "Ufia-de-gato."
Piptadenia grata (Willd.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 49: 17.

1919; 372. Acacia grata Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1056. 1809.
P. macrocarpa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 341. 1842.
Similar to P. colubrina but the peduncles all or nearly all fascicled
in the axils, the coriaceous pods often somewhat curved, usually
slightly if at all or irregularly contracted between the seeds. The
gray bark on the older branches is often nodulosely rugulose. The
anthers as in the related species are glanduliferous. F.M. Neg.
32023.
Huanuco: Near Ambo, along river, 1353; 2421; 3199. Near
Huanuco, Ruiz & Pawn; Weberbauer 6686. Huancavelica: Valley
of the Mantaro, Weberbauer 6505. Apurimac: River terraces, 2,000
meters, West 8845 (det. Johnst.). Scattered in stands of Acacia
macracantha, West 3679 (det. Johnst.). Cuzco: Valle del Urubamba,
Herrera 3210. To Brazil and Argentina. "Algarrobo," "vilca."
Piptadenia Killipii Macbr., spec. nov.

Frutex scandens, ramulis novellis dense puberulis et ad angulos
etiam foliorum petiolis (cum rhachidibus) minute et dissite
aculeatis; pinnis 8-9 jugis, glandula elevata verrucaeformis prope
basin petioli, minor inter pinnas supremas; foliolis circa 8-15
jugis utrinque puberulis oblongis vix acutis 6 mm. longis, 2 mm.
latis,costa subcentrali, venulis fere obsoletis; spicis axillaribus,
breviter pedunculatis, 3.5 cm. longis, densifloris; floribus flaves-
centibus praeter calycibus (puberulis, minutis) glabris 2 mm. longis;
ovario stipitato villoso. Distributed as P. flava but obviously on

account of the densely villous ovary not related; it may bear the
name of my well-known friend who verified my observations that
the plant was misdetermined.
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4333, type. Junin: Puerto Bermudez,
Kittip & Smith 26406.
Piptadenia pteroclada Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 370.

1875. P. opacifolia Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5: 125. 1930.
Tree, sometimes 25 meters high, typically unarmed or the prickles

remote, glabrous except the spikes, these often 1 dm. long or longer,
and the slender leaf-rachi (or these glabrate); petiolar gland more
or less elevated, sometimes obscure; pinnae 12-18 pairs, with often
more than 50 pairs of linear, somewhat falcate obtuse or obscurely
cusped leaflets, these usually opaque above or in age slightly lustrous,
paler beneath, usually 6-8 mm. long, the midnerve little excentric;
calyx minute, puberulent, the glabrous petals 2-2.5 mm. long;
ovary glabrous. Ducke describes the pods of his species as similar
to those of P. communis, the flowers, at first greenish-white, finally
purplish. The Peruvian collectors noted the flowers as rose-colored
or wine-red and the Ducke specimens have 5-14 pairs of pinnae but
these variations are scarcely specific. Klug 4386, proposed by
Standley in herb, as a new species may become var. Klugii Macbr.,
var. nov., foliolis ad 10 mm. longis; floribus glabris. F.M. Neg. 1486.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4536. Juanjui, Klug 4386 (type,

var. Klugii). Loreto: Florida, Klug 2034 (det. Standl., P. flava).
Rio Itaya, Williams 3311 (det. Standl., P. flava). Rio Nanay,
Williams 514 (det. Standl., P. flava). Pebas, (Ducke, type, P.
opacifolia). Chimbote, (Kuhlmann). Brazil. "Pashaco," "pasha-
guillo."
Piptadenia viridiflora (Kunth) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot.

4: 337. 1842; 369.Acacia viridiflora Kunth, Mimoseae 81. pi. 25.
1820.
A small somewhat prickly tree, or the younger ashy-puberulent
branchlets unarmed; pinnae 6-10 (15) pairs; leaflets 15-35 pairs,
about 3 mm. long, somewhat falcate, obtuse, obsoletely veined
except the prominent midnerve beneath, membranous, glabrous
above, paler and puberulent beneath; spikes axillary, solitary, the
rachis ashy-puberulent; calyx minute, glabrous, much shorter than
the greenish petals; anthers glandular; ovary stipitate, glabrous.
FLORA OF PERU 105
There are usually 2 or 3 glands on the leaf-rachis as well as 1 on the

petiole. According to Bentham this is the same as P. subtilifolia
(HBK.) Benth. of Ecuador; both species are characterized by the
petals being somewhat united above the base; the earlier name is
that of Kunth. P. boliviano, Benth., 370, is tomentulose, the petals
less than twice as long as the corolla, the stamens only shortly
exserted. Illustrated, Kunth, Mimoseae, pi. 25.
Cajamarca: San Felipe, (Bonpland, type).
Piptadenia Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 234.

1922.
Tree with short stocky branchlets, these as the leaves glabrous
or evanescently puberulent; petiolar gland small, patelliform; pinnae
4-6 pairs, 4-6 cm. long; leaflets 25-40 pairs, slightly falcate, obliquely
oblong, obtuse, 3-5 mm. long, somewhat lustrous, the midnerve
beneath obviously excentric; spikes axillary, solitary, 2-3 cm. long,
compactly flowered; bracts minute, dilated at tip, pilose, persisting;
calyx scarcely longer than 1 mm., puberulent, the glabrous petals
about twice as long, the anthers deciduously glandular; ovary stipi-
tate, hirsute. The leaflets are a little narrowed toward the tip and
thus are rather lanceolate, sometimes acutish. P. psilostachya (DC.)
Benth., 372, would be sought here and according to Ducke has been
found as near as Sao Paulo de Olivenca; it has 7-10 pairs of pinnae,
leaflets obtuse, 8 mm. long, 3 mm. wide and slender spikes of ashy-
pubescent flowers. F.M. Neg. 1490.

Libertad: Above La Vina, 2,000 meters, Weberbauer 7212, type.
14. STRYPHNODENDRON Mart.

Characters in general those of Piptadenia but plants always un-
armed, often more distinctly pubescent, the leaflets usually alternate
and the branchlets stouter. Spikes cylindrical, the anthers glandular.
Pods turgid, more or less divided between the albuminous seeds.
The the Peruvian species than in Piptadenia
leaflets are larger in
except P. adiantoides with prickly stems. Cf Dinizia Ducke, noted

.
under Dimorphandra.
Leaflets 12-17 mm. long; flowers glabrous S. purpureum.
Leaflets 4-10 mm. long; flowers puberulent S. pulcherrimum.
Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochr. Bull. N. Y.

Bot. Gard. 6: 274. 1910. Acacia pulcherrima Willd. Sp. PL 4: 1061.
1806. S. floribundum Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 343. 1842.

S. guianense Benth. forma floribundum (Benth.) Ducke, Archiv.
Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 250. 1925.
Tree, the rather stout somewhat angled branchlets evanescently

reddish-tomentose-puberulent; pinnae 12-15 pairs; leaflets 10-20
pairs, obliquely oblong, sparsely puberulent especially beneath or
distinctly paler, 4-6 mm. long, half as broad; spikes slender, often
10 cm. long, the rachis puberulent as also the flowers, these scarcely
2 mm. long; pods straight or slightly curved, subterete to 1 dm.
long, 8 mm. thick. Ducke may be correct in regarding this as
merely a form of the Guiana tree but that species at least as to type
has glabrous flowers, leaflets 8-10 mm. long; in view of similar
distinctions used to separate other species and those in the related
if indeed distinct genus Piptadenia, these characters seem to be
specifically diagnostic. Both species are very near S. polyphyllum

Mart., 374, with glabrous flowers but the corolla more than three
times longer than the calyx, the pinnae 15-20 pairs, leaflets 10-20
pairs, 6-8 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1471.
Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan, 25 meters high on terra firma,
Krukoff 5426 (distr. as S. polyphyllum, affine). Brazil; British
Guiana.
Stryphnodendron purpureum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio

Jan. 1: 16. 1915.
Branchlets stout, abundantly white-lenticellate and densely red-
tomentulose, the indument short, extending also more or less to
the leaf-rachi and short peduncles of the mostly geminate axillary
spikes; pinnae usually 9 pairs; leaflets 10-18 pairs, nearly half as
broad as long, the ultimate obovate, the others rhombic-oblong,
very oblique at the subtruncate base, obtuse or usually emarginate,
glabrous and lustrous above, paler, opaque and minutely puberulent-
pilose beneath, the midnerve excentric; flowers glabrous, purple,
the calyx less than 1 mm. the corolla slightly more than 1 mm.
long; pods falcate to 14 cm. long, 12 mm. wide, rusty-brown-tomen-
tose. The petiolar gland is large. F.M. Neg. 28299.
Loreto: Iquitos, Ducke 20182. Mishuyacu, Klug J^7. Brazil
to the Guianas.
15. ENTADA Adans.

Smooth or finely aculeate trees or high-climbing shrubs with
bipinnate leaves the terminal pair of pinnae sometimes modified
FLORA OF PERU 107
into tendrils. Flowers almost minute, 5-merous, borne in solitary

or panicled slender densely crowded spikes. Calyx campanulate.
Petals white, free or nearly. Stamens 10, free, shortly exserted;
anthers before anthesis glandular. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled, the
short style with truncate terminal stigma. Pods piano-compressed,
various in texture, the thickened sutures persisting, the inner part
breaking into 1-seeded joints.
Entada polyphylla Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 133. 1840;

in
365. Entadopsis polyphylla (Benth.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23, pt. 3:
191. 1928.
More or less minutely puberulent; leaves with 4-8 pairs of pinnae,
10-20 pairs of oblong, obtuse or emarginate leaflets, 8-16 mm. long,
about 4 mm. wide, oblique at the inequilateral base; inflorescence
to several dm. long, the yellowish flowers crowded, scarcely 2 mm.
long, the minute calyx 5-toothed, the petals oblong, well exceeded
by the whitish stamens; pods to 3 dm. long, papery between the
margins, 5-7 cm. wide. Slender tree sometimes scandent with
coarsely fissured bark which yields a slightly sweet pale yellow
resin that is sometimes used for dyeing leather black (Williams).
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5475; 5576 (as to fruit) 6689. ;
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Killip &

Smith 29116; Williams 4009 (as to
fruit); Williams 4544- Near Iquitos, Klug 290; Killip Smith &
27176. Balsapuerto, Klug 2850. Rio Itaya, Williams 185. Brazil;
Guiana. "Pashaco."
Entada polystachya (L.) DC. Me'm. Leg. 434. pis. 61, 62. 1825.
Mimosa polystachya (L.) Sp. PI. 520. 1753. Entadopsis polystachya
(L.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23, pt. 3: 190. 1928.
High climbing liana, the petioles sometimes cirrose, pinnae 2-6

pairs; leaflets 6-8 pairs, oblong, obtuse or emarginate, usually 2-3.5
cm. long, 12-18 mm. broad, somewhat puberulent-pilose, especially
on the midnerve beneath; spikes short, very many, densely crowded
in a long raceme; pods similar to those of E. polyphylla.
Peru: (fide Ducke). To Trinidad, the West Indies and Mexico.
16. NEPTUNIA Lour.

Diffuse or prostrate (one species aquatic) perennial herb, some-
times suffrutescent at base, or rarely low undershrubs. Leaves bipin-
nate, the leaflets small, stipules often well-developed, membranous,
obliquely cordate or minute. Flowers sessile in ovoid or globose
heads on axillary solitary peduncles, the lower flowers sometimes

neuter. Stamens 10 (5), exserted, the neuter flowers with 10 petaloid
staminodes anthers glandular. Calyx white. Ovary stipitate, many-
;
ovuled. Pods obliquely oblong, piano-compressed, firm-membranous,

2-valved, subseptate between the transverse ovate seeds, usually
several in a cluster.
Neptunia prostrata (Lam.) Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris

1: 356. 1883. Mimosa prostrata Lam. Encycl. 1: 10. 1783. N.
oleracea Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 634. 1790. M. natans L. f. Suppl.
439. 1781 as to name and specimen cited, not as to description;
cf. Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 15. 1919.
Glabrous, often aquatic, the spongy rhizome when floating sup-
porting at the surface from swollen stems (1-2 cm. thick) the divided
leaves, these with eglandular petioles, 2-3 pairs of pinnae and 8-12
pairs of nearly linear leaflets commonly 6-12 mm. long, the rachis
tipped with a bristle; stipules broad, 5-7 mm. long; peduncles several
to many cm. long in fruit; perfect flowers white, the petals 4 mm.
long; pods 2-2.5 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, mucronate, more or less
recurving on the stipe, the seeds 5-8. N. plena (L.) Benth., 291,
is a smooth herb less or never aquatic, the petiole with a gland, the
leaves with 3-5 pairs of pinnae, the pods to 4 cm. long, 1 cm. wide,
with many (to 20) seeds. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 78.
Peru (probably). Warm regions.
Neptunia pubescens Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 356. 1842;

384.
Prostrate or prostrate-ascending half-shrub, the slender elongating
branches lightly appressed-pubescent; stipules several mm. long,
ovate, aristate-acuminate, striate; pinnae 2-4 pairs, the glands
obscure or none; leaflets 20-30 pairs, crowded, linear, 2-4 mm.
long, ciliate; peduncles to 3 cm. long, the flower-heads scarcely
5 mm. thick, the lower flowers few, male; pods about 2 cm. long,
half as broad, the stipe scarcely more than 2 mm. long.
Lima: Huara, Ruiz & Pavon; Dombey. Near Lima, Cuming
1027, type. West Indies; Florida to Texas and south to Paraguay.
17. PROSOPIS L.
Reference: Burkart, Darwiniana 4: 57-128. 1940.

Shrubs or trees, characteristically nodosely armed, the bipinnate
often glaucous leaves usually with only 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae, these
FLORA OF PERU 109
in turn with rather few, and rigid, leaflets. Glands small, obscure
or wanting. Flowers small, ordinarily in cylindrical spikes on
axillary peduncles. Stamens 10, free, shortly exserted, usually, but
deciduously, glandular. Pods linear, distinctly or little compressed,
even subterete, straight, falcate or contracted, various in texture,
the compressed albuminous seeds commonly separated by more or
less continuous or permanent tissue, segments of pods nut-like by
the ligneous or nearly bony endocarp. Burkart has shown, I.e. 72,
that P. strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. must have been by error accred-
ited to Peru by Lamarck.
Leaflets 16-25 pairs; spikes overtopped by the leaves. . .P. chilensis.

Leaflets 6-12 pairs; spikes longer than leaves P. limensis.
Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz, U. S. Bur. PI. Ind. 31: 85.

1914; 105. Ceratonia chilensis Molina, Sagg. Nat. Chil. 172. 1782.
P. juliflora of authors as to Peru, not (Sw.) DC.
Tall shrub to slender tree commonly only several meters high,
the glaucous openly divided leaves glabrous or minutely puberulent,
the axillary spines (sometimes wanting) solitary or geminate, short
or on sterile shoots to 5 cm. long, the cylindrical spikes axillary or
fasciculate with the leaves, subsessile, the yellow pods somewhat
arcuate at maturity, 5-15 cm. long, 6-12 mm. broad, the position
of the seeds more or less marked without; pinnae 1-2 (3) pairs; leaf-
lets usually 16-25 pairs, rather distantly borne, oblong or linear,
4-16 (35) mm. long, ordinarily about 2 mm. wide, straight or falcate,
obtuse or acutish; flowers glabrous without or with a few soft tri-
chomes, 3 mm. long, the petals often lanate within apically; stamens
about half again as long as the corolla; ovary shortly stipitate, villous.
"Algarroba," the sweetish edible pulp of the pods, is especially
valuable as a food for stock and the hard wood is used to make
charcoal. According to Herrera it also furnishes a substitute for
gum arabic, while Raimondi found it being used at Arequipa under
the name of "yara" for earache in children. He collected it, accord-
ing to determinations at Dahlem, in the Departments of Piura, An-
cash, Lamba'yeque and Tacna. Cf. also Weberbauer 92, 116, 123.
Piura: Nigritos, HaughtF72, (Weberbauer, 150, 151, 154). Are-
quipa: Tiabaya, Pennell 13062. Sandy flat near Arequipa, Eyerdam
& Beetle 22146. Cuzco: Valley of the Rio Villcanoto, Mexia 8026
(det. Killip). Calca, Vargas 709. Santa Ana, Cook &
Gilbert 1421.
To Chile and Argentina. "Thacco," "guarango," "garroba,"
"huaranca," "algarroba."
Prosopis limensis Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 350. 1842; 114.
Becoming a tree, the spreading branches and leaves more or less

pubescent; pinnae 1-3 pairs, 1.5-3 cm. long, with 6-12 pairs of
crowded at least ciliate elliptic-oblong leaflets, 2.5-6.5 mm. long,
1-2.5 mm.
broad; racemes well exceeding the leaves, spike-like, the
rachis and short peduncles pubescent, 8-13 cm. long, about 9 mm.
thick before anthesis; flowers glabrous except for the ciliolate calyx;
pods straight, 6-7 cm. long, 12 mm. thick, little compressed.
Stork & Horton noted groves of these trees, some individuals to 16
meters high; cf. also Weberbauer, 92.
Piura: Paita, Horton 11587; (Ball); Weberbauer, 154. Ancash:

Yautan, gravelly river- valley floor, 2563. Libertad: Chepe'n, Stork
& Horton 1001 2. Lima: Near Lima, (Cuming974, type). Apurimac:
Weberbauer 5366; 5901. "Algarroba."
18. PARKIA R. Br.

Reference: Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 8-11. 1938.
Smooth trees with large firm bipinnate leaves these with several
pinnae and many leaflets, the petiole with a gland. Flowers small,
all bisexual or some in each head-like (globose or clavate) inflores-
cence female or neuter, the 10 stamens accompanied by long stami-
nodes. Calyx lobes imbricate. Pods large, bivalvate, the seeds in
1 or 2 rows and without albumen. The following key, in part, is
after Ducke, the descriptions, in part, after Bentham.
Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze (P. filamentosa Benth.),

262, Brazil to Central America but not yet found in Peru, is similar
but has flowers in elongate spikes, the fertile stamens only 5.
Heads globose or depressed-spheroid, all the flowers hermaphrodite
or the lower male.
Flowers white; leaflets mm. wide; pods glabrous. P. multijuga.
2 . .
Flowers deep red; leaflets 1 mm. wide; pods velutinous P. velutina. .
Heads biglobular or clavate, the lower part sterile.
Leaves opposite; flowers white or pale yellow or the lower sterile

red.
Leaflets 5-7 mm. wide; heads in flower clavate, the lower part
narrower than upper P. decussata.
Leaflets 2-3 mm. wide; heads in flower biglobose, the lower
part wider than the upper P. oppositifolia.
Leaves alternate; flowers bright or deep colors P. igneiflora.
FLORA OF PERU 111
Parkia decussata Ducke, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 472.

1932.
Large tree with opposite glabrous leaves these with 4-7 pairs of
pinnae; leaflets 20-34 pairs, subsigmoid-falcate, oblong, auricled
lower side at base, obtuse, 2-3 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, nearly con-
color, slightly lustrous, 3-nerved; peduncles terminal-erect, stout,
to 2 dm. long, densely reddish- tomentulose; heads clavate, to 7 cm.
long, the lower reddish sterile portion 2.5 cm. thick, the upper yellow-
ish part about twice as thick; bractlets brown sericeous to base;
rachis enlarged above base, the apical third subglobose-obovoid
little
dilated; pods about 3 dm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, coriaceous, red-tomen-
tose, the tomentum deciduous in age. Species unique in shape of
the flowering heads. Found at Tabatinga (near the boundary),
according to Ducke.
Peru (undoubtedly). Amazonian Brazil.
Parkia igneiflora Ducke, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 472.

1932.
Tree of medium size, rarely tall but slender with narrow crown
that topped by the extremely long more or less erect inflorescences,
is
the flower-heads to 7 cm. long, the staminodes red-orange, deep red

or a beautiful yellow; leaves alternate; pinnae 4-7 pairs; leaflets
similar to those of P. decussata but 16-29 pairs, 2.5-4 cm. long, 6-10
mm. broad, lighter beneath; sterile part of heads 5-6 cm. thick, the
fertile portion half as thick; pods subligneous-coriaceous, 6-9 cm.
long, about 4 cm. wide, glabrous. Description after Ducke who has
noted, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 8. 1938, formas purpurea
Ducke and aurea Ducke, staminodes purple and yellow, the last also
designated, I.e., var. aurea Ducke and f aureiflora Ducke, Leg. Amaz.
.
Bras. (Minist. Agric. Serv. Florest.) 47. 1939. Similar are P. auri-
culata Spruce and P. discolor Spruce, the latter with 3-4 pairs of
pinnae, both small trees with deep purple-red flowers, leaflets rarely
2 cm. long, shorter and harder, slightly spongy pods. Harms referred
Klug 896, "a tree 16 meters with red and yellow flowers, the fruit
edible," to P. auriculata but because of color of flowers and size of
leaflets (2.5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide) as well as from a standpoint of
range probably P. igneiflora or a variety. P. pectinata (H. &

it is
B.) Benth., possibly to be expected, has 9-15 pairs of pinnae, the

linear leaflets 1-nerved.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 896. Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2210

(leaf). Amazonian Brazil. "Goma guayo."
Parkia multijuga Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 265. 1876.
Dimorphandra megacarpa Rolfe, fide Ducke, apparently a herbarium
name.
Leaves alternate, large (5 dm. long or longer), the rather short
(about 1 dm. long) petiole as well as usually the rachi more or less
rufous puberulent; pinnae 20-30 pairs, 1-2 dm. long with 50-100
leaflets, mostly 8-9 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, obtuse, slightly auricled
at base, subfalcate, 1-nerved, lightly venose, at least beneath where
paler; erect peduncles in terminal panicles only 2.5-3.5 cm. long;
bracts below the globose heads often foliaceous; pods completely
ligneous, 2-3 dm. long, 7-9 cm. broad, 1.5-3 cm. thick (Ducke),
used in making soap (Krukoff). To 45 meters with high buttresses
(Krukoff); trunk diameter nearly 3 meters (Poeppig) the wood
medium hard but difficult to split (Ducke). P. Ulei (Harms)
Kuhlm. has much-branched panicles, pinnae about 12-20 pairs,
30-60 pairs of leaflets and persistently tomentose pods to 3 dm.
long, 3.5-4.5 cm. wide.
P. pendula (Willd.) Benth. has depressed
sphaeroid heads, suspended on extremely long filiform peduncles,
all flowers hermaphrodite but the lower with long filaments, the
anthers caducous. Illustrated, flowers and fruit, Archiv. Jard. Bot.

Rio Jan. 4: pi 1.F.M. Neg. 32020.
Loreto: Rio Maranon, Tessmann 4392. Rio Acre: Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5579. Brazil; Colombia.
Parkia oppositifolia Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,
pt. 2: 267. 1876.

Leaves and peduncles opposite, each about 1.5 dm. long, the
former with 3-7 pairs of pinnae 1 dm. long or longer; leaflets many,
oblong-linear, auricled at base, sometimes with marginal nerve, dull
above, paler beneath, nearly straight, 8-12 mm. long, 2-3 mm.
wide; heads biglobular, oblong-clavate in age to 5 cm. long; pods
about 2 dm. long, 3.5-4 cm. broad, curved on the stipe to 5 cm.
long, glabrate in age, the oblong seed not compressed. Large tree,
the inner wood when freshly exposed with a strong odor of methyl-
salicylate (Ducke). This is lacking in the related P. nitida Benth. and
apparently also in P. inundabilis Ducke, I.e. 7. Both species lack
the wax that is on the reverse side of the leaflets of P. oppositifolia
and the latter has 8-13 pairs of pinnae. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras.
I.e. pi 69.
Loreto: Rio Maranon, Tessmann 4929. To British Guiana.

FLORA OF PERU 113
Parkia velutina Benoist, Notul. Syst. 3: 271. 1916.

Characters of P. multijuga but the peduncles and leaf-rachi red
velvety tomentulose, heads in lateral racemes borne immediately
below the leaves which are crowded at the ends of very thick branches
and pods to 4 dm. long, 6 cm. wide, coriaceous, brownish-red tomen-
tose (Ducke). The Klug specimen, only a leaf and broken heads,
is determined by Standley with query but seems referable here.
It came from a 25-meter tree, the flowers garnet. The species, fide
Ducke, grows on non-inundated terrain.

Loreto: Florida, Klug 2308. To French Guiana.
CAESALPINIEAE
Key adapted from Bentham by tribes. See alternate key in
which Krameria is included for convenience but the description for
this aberrant group is at the end of the family.
Leaves all or some of them bipinnate.

Sepals connate; flowers regular, small, in dense spikes.
Dimorphandreae.
Sepals free; flowers more or less irregular Eucaesalpinieae.
Leaves simple or pinnate, sometimes 1-3 foliate.
Calyx entire in bud.

Leaves simple, bilobed or rarely bifoliate; calyx gamosepalous
or valvately parted or spathaceous Bauhinieae.
Leaves 1-many foliate; calyx cyathiform or ruptured.
Swartzieae.
Calyx lobes free (except Poeppigia in Sclerolobieae).
Ovary stipe adnate Amherstieae.
Ovary or stipe free unless in Cynometra.

Anthers 2-pored or shortly 2-cleft or if longitudinally dehis-
cent, erect and basifixed, not versatile Cassieae.
Anthers versatile or not as above.

Ovules 3-many; leaves rarely abruptly pinnate.
Sclerolobieae.
Ovules 1-2; leaves abruptly pinnate, the leaflets 2 or more.

Cynometreae.
Dimorphandreae
One genus in Peru 1. Dimorphandra.
Cynometreae
Leaves abruptly pinnate, 2-many foliate; calyx segments free, im-
bricate or valvate; petals 5 or fewer or none; anthers versatile;
ovary 1-2-ovuled.
Petals none; pods obliquely elliptic or falcate-ovate. .2. Copaifera.
,
Petals 5; pods rather ovoid 3. Cynometra.
Amherstieae
Leaves usually abruptly pinnate, rarely 1-foliate; calyx segments
free, rarely valvate; petals none-5; anthers versatile; ovary
stipe adnate; ovules 3-many.
Bractlets small or promptly caducous (cf. Brownea).
Petals none; pods short, more or less oblique, piano-com-
pressed 4. Crudia.
Petals 1-5.
Leaflets 1 pair; pods short.
Stigma dilated; pods plane, bivalved 5. Peltogyne.
Stigma small; pods thick, indehiscent 6. Hymenaea.

Leaflets 2-several pairs; pods indehiscent, linear to oblong.
Sepals and petals 5; pods plane 7. Tachigalia.
Sepals 4; petals 3, 2 reduced; pods fleshy. . .8. Tamarindus.

Bractlets more or less including the calyx, often persisting, rarely
lacking.
Bractlets connate at base; petals rarely 3-5, rarely obsolete;
pods oblong or elongate 9. Brownea.
Bractlets free; one petal clawed, 2 or 4 reduced or lacking; pods

ovate-oblong or falcate 10. Macrolobium.
Cassieae
Leaves abruptly or imparipinnate; calyx lobes free, 5 (3-4) usually
imbricate; petals 5 or fewer or none; anthers 2-pored or basifixed,
exceptionally versatile but 2-pored (Cassia) ovary (or stipe) free.
;
Petals 3 or fewer or lacking; stamens 2-3; pods often short.
Sepals and petals 3; pods obliquely ovate or oblong.

11. Apuleia.
Sepals 5; petals lacking or 1-2; pods ovate-orbiculate or ovoid-

globose 12. Dialium.
FLORA OF PERU 115
Petals 5 (except Dicorynia under Martiusia) ; pods usually elongate,

terete or flat, often 2-valved.
Leaves abruptly pinnate; seeds usually more than 1; pods
various 13. Cassia.
Leaves imparipinnate; seeds often solitary in middle of ample
oblong pods 14. Martiusia.
Eucaesalpinieae
Leaves bipinnate (Peruvian) or rarely all but a few simply pinnate;
calyx segments free; petals often 5, subequal; anthers versatile;
ovary or stipe free unless in Schizolobium.
Ovary adnate to the calyx tube; pods samaroid with a solitary
seed at tip 15. Schizolobium.
Ovary free; pods not samaroid.

Rachis of leaves scarcely obvious; pods terete (Peruvian).
16. Parkinsonia.
Rachis of leaves well developed.
Flowers borne at leafless nodes; pods flattened, narrowly
oblong 17. Cercidium.
Flowers axillary or terminal with the leaves; pods various.

18. Caesalpinia.
Sclerolobieae
Leaves rarely abruptly pinnate; calyx segments free except
Poeppigia; petals 5 except Phyllocarpus, subequal; ovary free.
Petals 3; pods 1-seeded, plane, thin, the upper suture margined.
19. Phyllocarpus.
Petals 5; pods not wing-margined.
Bractlets enclosing buds, persisting; pods compressed, ligneous.
20. Dicymbe.
Bractlets caducous, small or none; pods various.
Calyx segments free; leaflets to 13 pairs, medium; pods

coriaceous.
Flowers small; pods, if flat, indehiscent.
Stamens 10.
Petals usually narrow; pods flat 21. Sclerolobium.
Petals ovate; pods turgid 25. Batesia.
Stamens 15-20; pods flat 22. Campsiandra.

Flowers showy; pods dehiscing, flat 23. Recordoxylon.
Calyx segments somewhat connate; leaflets small, many; pods

membranous 24. Poeppigia.
Bauhinieae
One genus in Peru 26. Bauhinia.
Swartzieae
Leaves pinnate, 1-many; calyx entire, closed before anthesis; petals
1, 5 or none; stamens rarely 10; pods often ovoid, bivalved or
indehiscent.
Calyx acuminate; petals 5; leaves 1-foliate 27. Lecointea.
Calyx obtuse; petals 1 or lacking; stamens many; leaves 1-many

foliate 28. Swartzia.
Alternate key
Sepals connate; flowers regular, small, in dense racemes or spikes,

5 fertile stamens, 5 staminodia 1. Dimorphandra.
Sepals free or the calyx in bud closed, entire (lobes somewhat connate
in Poeppigia).
Petals wanting or 1-2 or if rarely 5, 4 greatly reduced (2 in

Krameria).
Perfect stamens 2-3 (4); pods turgid or globose or scarcely
longer than broad.
Trees; fruit smooth.
Sepals 5; staminodia none; anthers basifixed ... 12. Dialium.
Sepals 4; staminodia present; anthers versatile.
10. Macroldbium.
Low shrubs; fruit spinose (aberrant group at end of family).
Krameria.
Perfect stamens 8-10 or more numerous and often in 2 series.
Sepals 4, imbricate or valvate.

Bractlets if present free; sepals not petaloid.
Ovary stipe often adnate; racemes simple. . . .4. Crudia.
Ovary stipe free; spikes often panicled 2. Copaifera.
Bractlets if present somewhat connate; sepals petaloid.
9. Brownea.
Sepals irregular from the splitting of the entire bud or in
3 species cyathiform 28. Swartzia.
FLORA OF PERU 117
Petals 3-5.
Petals 3 or if 5, 2 rudimentary; stamens 2-3 (except in Phyllo-
carpus).
Leaves abruptly pinnate; sepals 4; anthers versatile.
Pods narrowly oblong, turgid; leaves glabrous.
8. Tamarindus.
Pods compressed, winged leaves pubescent 19. Phyllocarpus.

; .
Leaves imparipinnate; sepals 3 (or 5); anthers basifixed;

pods obliquely ovate-oblong, compressed ... 11. Apuleia.
Petals 5, equal or subequal; stamens unless rarely in Bauhinia
4 or more, usually 10.
Calyx at anthesis cleft, in bud often entire; leaves entire,

bilobed or bifoliate.
Anthers versatile; leaves often bilobed 26. Bauhinia.
Anthers basifixed; leaves never lobed 27. Lecointea.
Calyx lobes valvate or imbricate.

Anthers basifixed, usually opening by terminal chinks or
pores.
Sepals imbricate; stamens 10 (5) 13. Cassia.
Sepals sub valvate; stamens 4 (5) 14. Martiusia.
Anthers versatile, longitudinally slit.
Leaves simply pinnate.

Leaflets 1 pair (cf Brownea}
. .
Flowers axillary, racemose 3. Cynometra.

Flowers terminal, panicled.
Stigma small; pods indehiscent, fleshy.
6. Hymenaea.
Stigma dilated; pods plane, without pulp.
5. Peltogyne.
Leaflets more than 1 pair.
Bractlets more or less calyciform or connate about

the calyx (rarely lacking); flowers showy.
Flowers usually capitate; ovary stipe adnate.
9. Brownea.
Flowers not capitate; ovary free. . . .20. Dicymbe.

Bractlets caducous, none or not as above (cf.
Brownea, flowers showy, capitate).

Stamens 10.
Leaflets many, small; calyx lobes somewhat

connate 24. Poeppigia.
Leaflets to 13 pairs, medium; sepals free.

Calyx oblique; ovary adnate. . . 7. Tachigalia.
Calyx campanulate; ovary free.
Petals to 6 mm. long; pods, if flat, indehis-

cent.
Flowers small, the petals narrow; pods
flat 21. Sclerolobium.
Flowers medium, the petals ovate; pods

turgid 25. Batesia.
Petals 2 cm. long; pods flat, dehiscing.
23. Recordoxylon.
Stamens 15-20 22. Campsiandra.

Leaves bipinnate.
Rachis of leaves scarcely obvious 16. Parkinsonia.
Rachis of leaves well developed.

Calyx segments subequal.
Low plants 18. Caesalpinia.
Trees or shrubs.
Flowers borne at leafless nodes . . 17. Cercidium.
Flowers axillary or terminal with the leaves.

15. Schizolobium.
Calyx segments unequal, imbricate . 18. Caesalpinia.
1. DIMORPHANDRA Schott
Trees suggesting in aspect Mimosa, the leaves bipinnate, the
flowers small, regular, in cylindrical racemes or spikes, the calyx
limb 5-dentate, the petals 5, imbricate, the anthers versatile with
longitudinal slits, the ovary many-ovuled. The estivation of the
petals is regarded as distinguishing the group from the Mimoseae.
It approaches Sclerolobium but the merely toothed calyx separates
it. Dinizia Ducke (D. excelsa Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan.
3: 76. 1922), large Amazonian tree, is rather similar but has 10
stamens and is actually allied to Stryphnodendron but the sepals
are imbricate. Ducke, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 193-198. 1935,
and Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 41-44. 1925, presented keys to
FLORA OF PERU 119
the known species, the first reference being to those of the section
Pocillum.
Dimorphandra gigantea Ducke, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25:

198. 1935.
Young branchlets, petioles, peduncles and rachi of the leaves

and inflorescence densely subvillous-velutinous with reddish tri-
chomes; petioles stout; pinnae 18-27 pairs with 32-50 pairs of sessile,
linear-oblong, slightly falcate leaflets, the middle larger ones 7 mm.
long, scarcely more than 1 mm. broad, the truncate base a little
obliquely subauriculate, obtuse or acutish, plane, subcoriaceous,
glabrous and barely lustrous above, pale and opaque beneath, the
costa obscurely pilose; racemes 7-14, to 3 dm. long, the peduncles
somewhat longer; flower-buds subsessile; staminodes and fertile
stamens glabrous (each 5) the former with rudimentary anthers,
free; ovary brown-villous; pod apparently plane, 2.5-3 dm. long,
1 dm. broad at the middle (only partly destroyed pods known).
Section Pocillum Tul., the staminodes more or less petaloid dilated,
sometimes united, the few racemes often elongate, the pods bivalvate.
The type was from Tabatinga on the Peruvian Amazonian boundary,
a tree 50 meters tall, the trunk with high and broad buttresses.
Other species of the same section from the upper Amazon to be
expected include the related D. ferruginea Ducke, I.e. 197, with pale
rusty tomentose pubescence, the leaflets not glabrate beneath.
Peru (undoubtedly). Brazil.
Dimorphandra vernicosa Spruce ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.

PI. 1: 588. 1865; Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 249. 1870.
Glabrous; pinnae 1-2 pairs; leaflets 4-8 pairs, oblong or oval-

elliptic, 2.5-5 cm. long; racemes elongate, solitary or few. Section
Pocillum as also D. pennigera Tul., with 6-10 pairs of pinnae, 20-30
pairs of leaflets 12-25 mm. long. Other species approaching Peru
belong to the section Eudimorphandra Tul., the staminodia obovate
or capitate, always free, the racemes often many, corymbose, the
pods according to Ducke indehiscent, for example D. unijuga Tul.,
D. parviflora Spruce. The former has solitary or 1-2 pairs of pinnae
with 5-9 large leaflets, the latter 8-12 pairs of pinnae, as many
pairs of leaflets. Finally D. excelsa (Benth.) Baillon or distinct if
preferred as Mora excelsa Benth. has simply pinnate leaves with
3-4 pairs of many finely reticulate leaflets, the oblong pod dehiscent.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 66.

2. COPAIFERA L.
Trees with abruptly pinnate leaves, the often pellucid-punctate

leaflets alternate or opposite, and small apetalous flowers sessile
in paniculate spikes. Stipules small. Bracts small, rarely sub-
persisting. Bractlets none. Calyx tube short, the 4 sepals imbricate
or subvalvate. Stamens 8-10, free. Ovary stiped; ovules 2; style
elongate with terminal truncate stigma. Pods obliquely elliptic or
falcate-ovate, rather turgid, 2-valved, the usually solitary seed
pendulous, exalbuminous, partly surrounded by the large colored
arillus.
Kuntze, who has been followed only by Herzog, has taken up the
pre-Linnaean name "copaiba," by which name the dark green oil
and resin the trees furnish is known; these products have pharma-
ceutical and industrial uses.
Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1: 22.

1915.
Branchlets glabrous, the petioles, leaf-rachi and racemes some-
what ashy or slightly rusty-puberulent; leaflets 4-5 (6) pairs, pellucid-
punctate, densely and finely reticulate and lustrous both sides,
obliquely oblong-elliptic, rounded or acute at base, obtusely acumi-
nate, mostly 3-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad; panicles narrow, often a
dm. or two long, the sessile flowers 2-2.5 mm. long, glabrous without,
white- villous as the ovary within; pods 1-, sometimes 2- or even 3-
or 4-seeded, in the latter cases strongly indented between the seeds,
usually with stipe about 5 mm. long; arillus of the seed yellow.
Ducke notes it as a tree 25-30 meters high, with a disagreeable
odor, the white flowers fragrant; it furnishes according to him most
of the oil and resin of "copaiba." The Peruvian specimens in fruit
are completely glabrous and the pod is subsessile. However, as
suggested by Harms, they apparently most resemble Ducke's species
and may be noted as var. peruviana Macbr., var. nov., foliolis glabris.
It may be C. canime Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 24: 210. 1928, with
somewhat smaller leaflets, much more densely punctate, the slender
elongate spikes finely puberulent.
Other Amazonian species with punctate leaflets to be expected
in Peru include C. guianensis Desf., 241, and C. multijuga Hayne,
241, both with pale coumarin scented bark, acuminate leaflets, the
former with 3^4, the latter with 6-10 pairs; the former approaches
C. reticulata but the leaflets are generally much larger, 7-15 cm.
long, 3-4 cm. broad, and the arillus that nearly surrounds the seed
FLORA OF PERU 121
is said to be red. C. officinalis L. is in general the same but the

leafletsare shortly and obtusely acuminate as in the similar and
widely distributed C.Langsdorffii Desf., 242, but the latter has leaflets
mostly 2-2.5 cm. broad, the former 3-4 cm. broad. The remaining
species within our range have leaflets not at all punctate, those of
C. glycycarpa Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5: 128. 1930,
densely tomentose beneath, those of C. marginata Benth., 243, and
C. Martii Hayne, 244, glabrous, the former very rigid, the leaflet
edged with a prominent nerve, the marginal nerve in the case of
C. Martii thin or slender. F.M. Neg. 28043.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 4884- Middle Ucayali, Tessmann

5475 (det. Harms as affine). Rio Acre: Seringal Iracema (fide
Ducke). Amazonian Brazil. "Copaiba."
3. CYNOMETRA L.
Shrubs or the Peruvian species simulating Hymenaea and

trees,
some species ofBauhinia in their bifoliate leaves but otherwise
like Copaifera except that the flowers are in short racemes or panicles,
have 5 petals (the lower sometimes minute), imbricate, tardily
caducous bracts, bractlets colored if present. Sepals sometimes 5,
reflexing. Stamens 10-many. Pods often verrucosely rugose. From
Hymenaea it is most readily distinguished by the character of the
inflorescence.
Leaflets opaque or nearly; pedicels 6-8 mm. long. .C. bauhiniaefolia.
Leaflets lustrous; pedicels often 12 mm. long C. Martiana.
Cynometra bauhiniaefolia Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2:

99. 1840; 246.
Glabrous except for the younger much-branching branchlets and

the short subsessile axillary racemes, these particularly more or less
tomentulose; leaflets small, commonly only 3 cm. long, half as wide
or smaller, somewhat oblique and very obtuse, venose and with
2-3 nerves; rachis of racemes rarely longer than 2 mm.; sepals
petaloid, 3 mm. long, equaling the petals; pods sessile, densely
verrucose, ellipsoid, slightly oblique, 1.5 cm. long, 1 cm. thick.
C. parvifolia Tul. has leaflets 1-1.5 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad; it
extends from the Guianas to the Amazon region.
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 40. Iquitos, Williams 8142. Pro,
Williams 1984. Argentina to Central America and the Guianas.
"Ampi jacu."
Cynometra Martiana (Hayne) Baillon, Hist. PI. 2: 164. 1870,

by Trachylobium Martianum Hayne, Flora 10: 744. 1827;
inference.
Arzneigew. 11: pi. 17. 1830. C. Spruceana Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
15, pt. 2: 247. pi 65. 1870.
Small tree resembling C. bauhiniaefolia but the leaflets obovate-
oblong, shortly acuminate but rather obtusely so, 3-10 cm. long,
nearly evenose beneath, the nerves prominent and the looser racemes
rusty- villous, their rachi 12-20 mm. long, nearly equaled by the
slender pedicels; sepals to 4 mm. long; pods obliquely ovoid, rugose,
tomentulose, nearly 2.5 cm. long, to 18 mm. thick. C. racemosa
Benth., 246, upper Amazonian, seems to be similar but has obovate
leaflets that are not at all acuminate, even emarginate. Benth.,
I.e. 248, distinguished from the Amazon region var. procera Benth.,
tree 30 meters high, the leaflets less coriaceous and var. (l)macrophylla
Benth., the leaflets to 1 dm. long, the primary veins conspicuous
beneath, the racemes and pedicels longer. Harms referred the
Tessmann collection here as "var."
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1448; 1416. Iquitos, Tessmann 3636.
Brazil.
4. CRUDIA Schreb.
Unarmed trees with imparipinnate leaves, the leaflets alternate,

and small flowers borne in racemes terminating the branchlets.
Stipules and bracts caducous or sometimes f oliaceous or membranous
and rather persistent. Calyx tube short with 4 membranous im-
bricate sepals that reflex in anthesis. Petals none. Stamens usually
10, free, the ovate or oblong anthers on filiform filaments. Ovary
stiped, free or adnate; style filiform with small terminal stigma.
Pod obliquely orbicular ovate or broadly oblong, piano-compressed,
rigid,the margin often thickened. Seeds 1 or 2, laterally emarginated
at hilum, the cotyledons plane, the radicle short, straight, included;
albumin none. Name at one time was written "Crudya," conserved
as Crudia.
Crudia glaberrima (Steud.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 20.

1919; 238. Hirtella glaberrima Steud. Flora 26: 761. 1843. C. obliqua
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 216. 1860. Apalatoa glaberrima (Steud.)
Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 394. 1891.
Glabrous or except the racemes, these shortly
essentially
peduncled, usually finely puberulent; stipules linear, 1 cm. long,
deciduous; leaflets on most leaves 6-9 pairs, obliquely oblong-elliptic
or slightly obliquely obovate, more or less abruptly acuminate,
FLORA OF PERU 123
usually 7-10 (15) cm. long, 3-4 (7) cm. wide, chartaceous, reticulate-
veined, the midnerve little excentric; racemes often 1-1.5 dm. long,
the small bracts and bractlets caducous; pedicels 3-4 mm. long;
flowers white, the glabrous or puberulent sepals 4-5 mm. long, the
stamens well exserted; ovary reddish-brown villous; pods subsessile,
ovate to oblong, 1 to nearly 2 dm. long, half as broad, rigid, coarsely
nerved, rusty-tomentose with 1 or sometimes 2 large seeds. Ducke
has proposed C. aequalis, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 91. 1922,
for a similar tree but the flowering pedicels 7-12 mm. long, the
leaflets rather oblong, commonly 6-12 cm. long, about half as
broad; better marked are C. amazonica Spruce, 328, C. pubescens

Spruce, 240, the former with 9-13 narrowly oblong glabrous or nearly
glabrous leaflets, the latter with 6-9 oblong leaflets, softly puberulent
both sides. The other Amazonian species possibly extending into
Peru is C. bracteata Benth., the densely flowered racemes with con-
spicuous persisting bracts and bractlets. Said to attain 10-15
meters. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 62.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 4176 A (det. Harms, C. Parivoa
DC.). To Trinidad. "Pisho."
Crudia tomentosa (Aubl.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 20.

1919. Parivoa tomentosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 759. pi. 304. 1775.
C. Parivoa DC. Prodr. 2: 520. 1825. Apalatoa tomentosa (Aubl.)
Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 394. 1891.
Branches and branchlets tortuous; leaflets 3-5, subsessile, ovate-
rhombic, acute, glabrous, the midnerve strongly excentric; pods
ovoid, to 6 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, moderately reddish-brown-tomen-
tose. Except for the fewer leaflets, these becoming 6-11 cm. long,
half as broad, the species seems to be similar to C. glaberrima. The
Williams specimen which Harms referred here had 6 leaflets on one
of the two leaves. F.M. Neg. 7012 (Parivoa).
Peru (cf. note above). French Guiana; Brazil (fide Ducke).
5. PELTOGYNE Vog.
Trees with small deciduous stipules, bifoliate leaves and often
rather conspicuous and sericeous pubescent flowers borne in terminal
or upper axillary or often corymbose panicles. Sepals 4, imbricate,
the calyx-tube campanulate or obsolete. Petals 5, somewhat un-
equal, the twice as many stamens free, the filiform filaments curved
in bud, the versatile ovate anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary
stiped, adnate, or the ovary subsessile and then free. Style more or
less elongate with dilated slightly lobed terminal stigma. Pods

flattened, finally coriaceous, the upper suture sometimes narrowly
winged, dehiscent or indehiscent, rarely 2-seeded, the seeds not
enclosed in pulp or albuminate, sometimes with a small arillus.
This genus furnishes the well-known wood "purpleheart," re-
ferring to the beautiful heartwood, purple or violet in color. One
species, P.paradoxa Ducke, "coata-quicaua," is noteworthy for a
wax on the leaves (cf. Paul Ledoux, Mission Biol. Beige au Bre"sil
2: 188-195 with 5 pis. 1929). Curiously enough although there are
as many as 14 species known from the Amazonian region cf Ducke, .
Trop. Woods 54: 1-7, for a key to these and citation of publication
together with a few notes on each species apparently none have
been found as yet within Peru. The following species and probably
others must occur at least as isolated examples.
Peltogyne altissima Ducke, Bull. Mus. Paris se>. 2. 4: 726. 1932.

A tall tree with smooth reddish bark, glabrous except the panicles;
petiolules 8-10 mm. long; leaflets 6-9 cm. long, about half as broad,
more or less subfalcately obovate-oblong, unequal at the obtuse base,
long and abruptly acuminate, thin-coriaceous, lustrous and subcon-
color both sides, above distinctly, beneath obsoletely venulose;
panicles densely flowered, only the youngest portions of the rachi
rusty-pilose, the pedicels at most 2 mm. long, the bractlets finely
yellowish-sericeous, promptly caducous; calyx within and without
densely yellowish-sericeous, the tube about 3 mm. long, subequaled
by the stipe, the segments about 6 mm. long, scarcely 4 mm. broad;
petals white to 8 mm. long, linear spathulate, eglandular, the larger
white glabrous stamen nearly 2 cm. long; ovary shortly stiped, gla-
brous. Attains 50 meters, the wood becoming light violet; found in
upland forests as near as Sao Paulo de Olivenga, it is to be expected
in Peru.
6. HYMENAEA L.
Reference: Ducke, Ann. Acad. Bras. Sci. 7: 203-211. 1935.

Usually large trees, with heavy but pellucid-punctate leaves con-
sisting of 1 pair of leaflets, in this respect simulating some species
of Bauhinia but the calyx divided nearly to base, the imbricate
segments 4. Petals 5, somewhat unequal, spathulate. Stamens 10,

free. Ovary stipe adnate; style filiform with small terminal stigma.
Pods fleshy, indehiscent, the seeds exalbuminous. The closely
FLORA OF PERU 125
related group Peltogyne Vog. has dilated lobed stigma and glabrous
pod little longer than broad. Foliage simulates some Macrolobiums.
Courbaril supplies the resin copal or "jutahycica" exported from
the Amazon; it is dug up from the base of the trees, and at one time
was said to make the finest varnish; cf. Le Cointe, Amaz. Bras. 3,
Arvores e Plantas Uteis, 1934.
Leaves glabrous.
Ovary glabrous H. Courbaril.
Ovary pubescent H. oblongifolia.
Leaves densely pubescent beneath H. palustris.
Hymenaea Courbaril L. Sp. PL 1192. 1753.
Glossy bifoliate-leaved tree sometimes attaining 30 meters;

stipules deciduous as the leaves develop, to 3 cm. long; leaflets
subsessile, falcately or obliquely ovate-oblong, typically acute,
5-10
cm. long, 2-A cm. wide; panicles usually short, corymbose; bracts
and bractlets orbicular; sepals thick, tomentulose both sides, to
1.5 cm. long, the narrowly campanulate tube a third as long; petals
glabrous, 1.5 cm. long and a third as wide; pod typically rather
compressed and stiped or, in var. subsessilis Ducke, subcylindric
(leafletsacute) as also in var. obtusifolia Ducke, several cm. long,
nearly half as thick, with 2 or more seeds surrounded by a mealy
edible pulp.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5519. Brazil

to West Indies and Colombia. "Courbaril."
Hymenaea oblongifolia Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 386. 1909.

A large tree, the branches with longitudinally fissured bark;
petioles 2-2.5 cm. long; leaflets elongate oblong scarcely falcate,
rounded or obscurely acuminate, strongly inequilateral at base,
12-14 cm. long, 4.5 cm. broad, coriaceous, lustrous both sides, the
nerves prominent beneath, the veins immersed; racemes finally to
12 cm. long, laxly panicled, yellowish tomentulose, the suborbicular
bracts and bractlets 5 mm. long, promptly caducous, pedicels scarcely
3 mm. long; calyx tube broadly obconic, less than half as long as
the broadly ovate sericeous tomentulose lobes, these about 8 mm.
long; petals glabrous, slightly reddish, oblanceolate, 12 mm. long,
5 mm. broad; stamens 18 mm. long; ovary distinctly hirsute, base
to apex, the glabrous style scarcely 1 cm. long. F.M. Neg. 28094.
Loreto: Florida, 10 meters high, flowers cream and rose, Klug

2291. Mishuyacu, Klug 1339 (det. Killip). Rio Acre: Rio Macau-
han, Krukoff5472. Brazil. "Jutahy."
Hymenaea palustris Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1:

24. 1915.
Similar to H. oblongifolia but strikingly distinct by the dense
lustrous reddish pilosity that covers the leaves beneath; leaflets
lustrous but slightly pilose above, acute or obtuse, to 16 cm. long,
4.5 cm. broad; pedicels to 2 mm. long; petals slightly greenish;
stamens to 15 mm. long; fruit subcompressed-ovoid, 5.5 cm. long,
about 2.5 cm. thick. Tree 20-40 meters high with straight trunk,
the crown almost flat, clear of limbs for almost two-thirds the height
and with small buttresses. The brown bean-like seeds are imbedded
in a mealy sweet edible pulp to which the Spanish-Quechua name
"sugar-fruit" refers; the timber is of good quality (Williams).

H. adenotricha Ducke, I.e. 6: 21. 1933, known from one tree as near
as Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Brazil, is similar but the trichomes on the
leaves beneath are glandular at base, the flowers white and the ovary
pubescent only on one side at apex. F.M. Neg. 28095.
Loreto: Stream banks and dense forests, Rio Itaya, Williams
2053 (det. Harms); 3453. Brazil. "Azucar-huayo."
7. TACHIGALIA Aubl.
Smooth shrubs or trees becoming tall, the ample leaves abruptly
pinnate with coriaceous opposite leaflets, their rachi often angled,
the small or medium-sized flowers racemose or spicate in terminal
or subterminal panicles, or the inflorescence simple. Bracts narrow,
caducous, bractlets none. Calyx-tube short but strongly oblique,
the 5 unequal sepals imbricate. Petals 5, subequal, clawed, often
villous within as are usually the 10 stamens toward the bases of the
filaments, the upper 3 of them ordinarily thicker or shorter. Ovary
stipe more or less adnate. Pods flat, oblong, indehiscent, the few
seeds with thin albumin and cotyledons, the latter foliaceous.
Spelled Tachigali by Aublet. Nearly Sclerolobium except for the
oblique calyx and the adnate stipe of the ovary.
Known as "tachi" or "tachizeiro" in allusion to the ants (species
of Pseudomyrma or Azteca according to Ducke) that inhabit the
inflated petioles or inflorescence rachi of many species. Apparently
the inflated portions are peculiar to certain species but seemingly
too many have been described and the following key is therefore
FLORA OF PERU 127
only suggestive; however, fruit of few species is as yet known and

the much-needed revision of the group may disclose specific floral
differences. It is probable that the species of Tulasne, Arch. Mus.
Paris 4: 163 et al., reduced by Bentham should be reconsidered.
Petioles, at least some of them, often also the leaf-rachi, more or

less inflated (cf. T. paniculata).
Leaflets silvery-sericeous both sides, 3-4 pairs T. cavipes.

Leaflets pubescent beneath or glabrous, or at least green-colored
in age, 4-6 pairs.
Leaflets very oblique, the midnerve strongly excentric; petals
long hirsute within T. formicarum.
Leaflets little oblique, the midnerve slightly excentric; petals
lightly hirsute within T. Tessmannii.
Petioles not inflated but sometimes hollow.
Petals pale yellow or whitish; calyx- tube 7 mm. long or shorter.
Leaflets 4-8 pairs; stamens 8-10 mm. long T. paniculata.
Leaflets 7-15 pairs; stamens about 5 mm. long. . .T. polyphylla.
Petals orange; calyx-tube 10 mm. long T. longiflora.
Tachigalia cavipes (Spruce) Macbr., comb. nov. T. paniculata

Aubl. var. cavipes Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 229.
1870.
Tree, the angled branchlets, petioles and leaflets uniformly seri-

ceous with closely appressed trichomes, these lustrous or less so in
age; stipules foliaceous, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, to 1.5 cm.
long, subpersistent; petioles grooved above, medially inflated;
petiolules about 4 mm. long; leaflets strongly oblique, oblong-
lanceolate, rounded or somewhat acute at base, gradually acuminate,
mostly 8-14 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 (4) cm. broad, subcoriaceous; pedicels
3-4 mm. long; calyx- tube about 7 mm. long, equaled by the reflexed
lobes, these appressed-sericeous both sides; petals 5 mm. long, densely
appressed-hirsute within except around the margins; stamens 9 mm.
long; pods shortly stiped, oblong, minutely and very sparsely pubes-
cent, opaque, 6 cm. long, 2 cm. broad. Amshoff has referred this
tree to T. glauca Tul. Arch. Mus. Paris 4: 162. 1840, from Surinam
but it seems probable that the species of Tulasne described as having
terete petioles is not the same. Rather similar Amazonian species
include T. ptychophysca Spruce, 229, well marked by the 3^1 pli-
nerved leaflets, these 5-8 pairs becoming glabrate; T. myrmecophila
Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 1: 30. 1915; I.e. 3: 91. 1922,
petiolules 6-10 mm. long, petals only slightly hirsute within down
the middle; T. rigida Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4:
12. 1938, including var. argentata Ducke, I.e., the pubescence not
uniform, the leaflets rigid-coriaceous, the nerves with longer tri-
chomes. F.M. Neg. 1533.

Loreto: Palta-Cocha, on the upper Rio Nanay, Williams 3192
(det. Harms). Brazil. "Caracha-caspi."
Tachigalia formicarum Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.

48: 164. 1907.
Branchlets as the petioles and leaflets beneath minutely appressed-
puberulent or nearly glabrous; petioles acutely triangular, more or
less inflated near the base; leaflets 4-6 pairs (petiolules 4-6 mm.
long), oblong or the smaller ovate-oblong, unequally rounded or

obtuse at base, acute or very shortly acuminate, 7-20 cm. long, 3-5.5
cm. broad, pinnately nerved, the midnerve of the larger strongly
excentric, minutely reticulate-veined and lustrous and equally green
both sometimes pinnately
sides; stipules foliaceous, subpersisting,
lobed; panicles ample, rusty-puberulent, the spikes very densely
flowered, the flowers sessile; sepals 4-5 mm. long, about as long as
the tube, pubescent both sides; petals about 4 mm. long, hirsute
within, scarcely exceeded by the stamens, these hirsute at base.
The type from a tree about 20 meters high, the flowers yellowish.
T. carinata Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 60: 354. 1933, from Matto
Grosso, Brazil, may be distinguished, fide the author, by its con-
spicuously lobed stipules, 7-9 pairs of leaflets, elongate canescent
spikes, petals 7 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1531.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6538, type. Loreto: Canchahuaya,
(Huber). Palta-Cocha, on the upper Rio Nanay, Williams 3192
(in part).
Tachigalia longiflora Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio

Jan. 2: 38. 1935.
Small tree, glabrous except for a minute puberulence on the
branchlet tips and a dense rusty indument on the simple or sparsely
branched racemes; petioles and rachis often more than 4 dm. long,
triangular, usually partly excavated by ants; leaflets 4-9 pairs,
shortly and stoutly petiolulate, commonly 1-2 dm. long, 4-6 cm.
broad, obliquely or ovate-oblong, rounded or cordate at base, long
acuminate, coriaceous, reticulate-veined and somewhat lustrous
both sides, a little paler beneath; pedicels short, stout, the calyx-
FLORA OF PERU 129
tube to 10 mm. long, the segments nearly as long, the inner ones
much narrower; petals about 10 mm. long, glabrous except within
at base. Affine according to the author T. multijuga Benth. with
subterete petioles, leaflets 9-15 pairs, the panicles ample, the inner
calyx segments not petaloid. T. grandiflora Huber, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi 5: 388. 1909, and T. macrostachya Huber, I.e., also have large
orange-yellow flowers but both have a shorter calyx-tube and more
than 15 (instead of 7) stamens; the former has oblong leaflets, obtuse
or rounded at base, acutely acuminate, minutely puberulent both
sides, the latter glabrous leaflets cordate at base, shortly and obtusely
acuminate. The type of the Ducke species being as near Peru as
Sao Paulo de Olivenca is to be expected within Peru.
Tachigalia paniculata Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 372. pi.

1775; 228.
Shrub or tree with angled branchlets and acutely angled or some-
times nearly winged petioles, both as usually the leaflets beneath
at least before maturity minutely puberulent; stipules foliaceous,
trifoliate or pinnate; leaflets usually 7 pairs (5-8), oblong (or in
Peru, ovate-oblong), obliquely rounded at base, gradually acuminate,

7-15 (19) cm. long, 3-4.5 (7.5) cm. broad, subcoriaceous, finely
reticulate- veined both sides, the midnerve slightly excentric; racemes
few, often becoming 2-3 dm. long, angled, puberulent; pedicels 2-5
mm. long, calyx-tube strongly oblique, the sepals 4-7 mm. long;
petals yellow, rusty-pilose within medially; stamens declinate, 8 mm.
long; pods membranous, oblong, shortly stiped, glabrate in age, 6-9
cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad. T. alba Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot.
Rio Jan. 3: 92. 1922, to which Krukoff 5586 has been referred in
herbaria (but this specimen has acute-angled petioles) is according
to the author distinguishable from the Aublet tree by its much
greater size (25-35 meters high), white bark, branchlets and leaflets
glabrous even the younger, petioles slender, terete, narrowly grooved
above, panicles often to 5 dm. high, flowers smaller, petals whitish,
very sparsely pilose. T. grandistipulata Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 6: 304. 1915, has the younger leaves sericeous both sides,
glabrate above in age and stipules 2.5-6 cm. long and with a lateral
smaller leaflet. Determinations by Harms except the Schunke
specimen. F.M. Negs. 21913; 32088.
Loreto: Near Iquitos, King 1027; 1447; Tessmann 3666. Leticia,
Vie 6196. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 26. Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio
Macauhan, Krukoff 5586. Brazil to the Guianas. "Tachi branco."
Tachigalia polyphylla Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 60.
pi. 265. 1845; 230.
Tree, the densely leafy branchlets angled or slightly compressed,

minutely and deciduously rusty-puberulent; stipules caducous;
petioles semi-terete or compressed below, obtuse, tetragonous,
deeply sulcate to terete at tips; leaflets 9-15 pairs, oblong, strongly
oblique at base, acuminate, subcoriaceous, very sparsely and minutely
pubescent above except on the excentric midnerve, more densely
puberulent beneath and discolored, mostly 10-12 cm. long, about
3 cm. broad; pedicels scarcely 1 mm. long; calyx 5 mm. long, sericeous,
the lobes and tubes subequal, the former little exceeded by the petals,
these rather densely pilose within; stamens only about 4 mm. long.
Attains 25 meters or more, the trunk straight, round, the bark
rough, the wood very hard, white (Poeppig). Allied according to
Bentham to T. multijuga Benth. but the flowers smaller, the calyx
scarcely attenuate at base. It is probable that the flowers may be
somewhat larger than described, the stamens longer.
Tachigalia Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:

967. 1926.
Resembles T. formicarum; branchlets glabrous; leaflets more or

less oblique,abruptly and shortly acuminate, obscurely if at all
puberulent beneath, chartaceous, the midnerve subcentral or moder-
ately excentric. Trunk diameter of the type 2 dm., the strongly
inflated petioles filled with ants, the stings of which are extremely
painful (Tessmann). T. Ulei Harms, I.e. 6: 306. 1915, has 3^
pairs of oblong gradually acuminate leaflets. T. grandistipulata
Harms, I.e. 304, noted under T. paniculata might be sought here
on account of its somewhat hollowed and enlarged petioles. F.M.
Neg. 1538.
Loreto: Puerto Mele"ndez, below Pongo de Manseriche, flood-
free wood, Tessmann 4753, type.
8. TAMARINDUS L.
Related to and resembling Macrolobium, the cultivated Tamarind

may be known by its imparipinnate leaves, the numerous leaflets
small, and by its rather Cassia-like flowers, the petals however only
3, the two lower rudimentary and pinkish or red-veined, the fertile
stamens the same number, their filaments united. Bractlets char-
FLORA OF PERU 131
taceous. Pods indehiscent, narrowly oblong with thin brittle epicarp

and pulpy mesocarp.
Tamarindus indica L. Sp. PL 34. 1753; 227.
Glabrous except for the laxly flowered racemes, these several to

10 cm. long; leaflets 10-20 pairs, oblong, rounded or retuse, 1.5-2.5
cm. long, about 5 mm. wide; bracts and bractlets pink while en-
closing the buds; pedicels to 5 mm. long; sepals and petals 1 cm.
long; fruit 5-15 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. thick, the pulp acid. A refresh-
ing drink is made from the pulp of the pods. Illustrated, Bot. Mag.
pi. 4563; Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
Peru: Cultivated. Africa.
9. BROWNEA Jacq.
Browneopsis Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4: 565. 1906.

Reference: Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 145-157. 1916.
Smooth trees, the stems often weak and low or clambering, the
leaves abruptly pinnate with subcoriaceous usually caudate leaflets,
the flowers showy, red or whitish and borne in short racemes or
often in large heads on the trunks or at the tips of short branchlets
more or less concealed in the foliage. Stipules foliaceous, sometimes
colored, caducous. Bracts and bractlets (these sometimes lacking)
often colored, the former caducous, the latter if present more or
lessconnate and enclosing (as a sheath) the turbinate-campanulate
calyx, this with usually 4 petaloid imbricated segments. Petals
and stamens exserted, the former 5, or only 3-4 and ligulate or even
obsolete, ovate or oblong, imbricated, subequal, the latter 10-15
(20) free or somewhat united below the middle, the anthers uniform,
oblong, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary stiped, adnate to calyx-
tube, many-ovuled, the filiform style with terminal capitate stigma.
Pods oblong or elongate, piano-compressed, the upper suture often
enlarged. Seeds transverse, ovate, much flattened, exarillate, with-
out albumen, the cotyledons thin, the radicle short, straight,
included. Elizabethea Schomb. has 3 fertile stamens, 5-7 staminodes
(sometimes imperfectly antheriferous), 3-5 petals, one or more some-
times greatly reduced.
Cultivated as "rosa de montana."
Leaf-rachis or at least the branchlets more or less densely villous;

leaflets more than 4 pairs; stamens 10 or 11.
Petals to 1.5 cm. broad, obovate-spathulate B. ariza.

Petals twice as broad B. Macbrideana.

Leaf-rachis glabrous or merely puberulent; stamens 10-20.
Leaflets 8-14 pairs; connate bractlets (sheath) present.
B. loretensis.
Leaflets 2-4 pairs; bractlets lacking or separate.
Leaflets about a third as broad as long; petals 3 or 4, rudimentary
and ligulate, sessile.
Leaflets 2 (3) pairs; outer bracts glabrous; sepals sericeous.
B. cauliflora.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs; bracts tomentose; sepals sparsely puberu-
lent B. ucayalina.
Leaflets 7-15 cm. long, half as broad; petals 4; clawed bractlets
or sepals 2 B. peruviana.
Brownea ariza Benth. PI. Hartw. 171. 1857; 150.
Young branchlets as also the leaf-rachis at first ashy or rusty-
villous, the latter becoming glabrous or more or less verruculose;

petiolules to 6 mm. long; leaflets usually 6-10 pairs, all except some-
times the considerably smaller lowest ones oblong-elliptic, abruptly
caudate-acuminate, the acumen slender, obliquely marginate at
base, 8-16 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad; inflorescence axillary or terminal,
the rachis more or less pubescent, the pinkish bracts ashy-tomentose
without, the basal ones about 4 cm. long; pedicels pubescent, 7-8
mm. long; sheath 2.5 cm. long, puberulent, bilabiate, the lobes
subacute; receptacle tube 17 mm. long, glabrous without, pubescent
within; sepals 4, 18 mm. long, the anterior one 15, the others 8 mm.
broad; petals about 3.5 cm. long, 13 mm. broad, the lateral narrower
with long and slender claw; stamens 11, free or somewhat connate and
pubescent below, to 4 cm. long; pods compressed, sulcate on the dorsal
suture, bisulcate on the ventral, hirsute-tomentose, 4-seeded, 15-18
cm. long, 4.5-5 cm. broad, on pedicels 2.5 cm. long, often surrounded
by the persistent bractlets, the stipe 7 mm. long; seeds elliptic-ovate,
depressed, 5 cm. long, half as broad, about a third as thick, rugose-
striate. Tree sometimes attaining 20 meters. Sulcate branchlets
are a characteristic of B. grandiceps Jacq., similar tree of Venezuela,
the rachis of the leaves more permanently pubescent, petals 2 cm.
broad, but the species are sometimes distinguishable with difficulty
and, according to Ducke, hybridize. This author suggests that
B. negrensis Benth. (actually of the upper Amazon) is based upon
an incomplete specimen of Jacquin's species, the upper leaves of
FLORA OF PERU 133
which may have only 2 pairs of leaflets. Description after Pittier.

Illustrated, Pittier, I.e. pis. 59-62.
Peru (perhaps). To Panama. "Monterillo," "palo-de-cruz,"

"fanise-ey" (Huitoto).
Brownea cauliflora Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 82. pi.
292. 1845. Browneopsis cauliflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Huber, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi 4: 567. 1906.
Glabrous tree with branches lax, the branchlets terete, punctulate;
petioles 4 mm. long, rugulose; leaflets 2, rarely 3 pairs, sometimes
solitary, oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, slightly narrowed and
obliquely obtuse at base, the larger 2 dm. long, about 7 cm. broad,
membranous, eglandular, pale green, scarcely lustrous above, opaque
beneath, the nerves rather prominent; flowers in subglobose heads,
solitary or several on the trunks or short branchlets, densely bracteate
with subrotund or broadly ovate obtuse finely striate glabrous
purplish bracts, the inner membranous, appressed-tomentose both
sides, roseate; flowers many, with the stamens more than 5 cm. long,
bractlets promptly deciduous; calyx- tube obovate, subtetragynous,
subhirsute at throat, glabrous without, 6 mm. long, the segments
erect, scarcely clawed,
oblong-obovate, often
slightly connate,
glabrous within, lustrous-pubescent without; stamens 15-20, nearly
three times longer than the petals, all fertile, filaments connate
below, glabrous; ovary reddish-pubescent, the style glabrous; pods
pendent, 2 dm. long, 3 cm. broad, the dorsal suture broadly margined,
the valves coriaceous, puberulent, transversely rugulose, with 6 or
7 compressed lustrous seeds. F.M. Neg. 1555.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2314, type. San Martin: Juanjui,
tree 8 meters high with red-brown and yellow flowers, Klug 1+163
(probably).
Brownea loretensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 144. 1940.

Glabrous or essentially, except the capitate inflorescences, the
slender subterete branchlets tuberculate-lenticellate; petioles 2-3.5
cm. long, the markedly slender dark-colored lustrous leaf-rachis
8-18 cm. long, the alternate or subopposite 8-14 pairs of narrowly
oblong leaflets on petiolules about 3 mm. long; leaflets sometimes
oblanceolate, rounded at base, beautifully abruptly caudate acumi-
nate (the nearly linear acumen nearly 2.5 cm. long), mostly 7-11
cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, subcoriaceous, glabrous and somewhat
lustrous above, slightly paler, opaque and finely venulose beneath,
the slender midnerve sparsely hispid or glabrous; inflorescence

terminal, many-flowered, the rachis 3.5 cm. long, densely rusty-
tomentose; outer bracts subrotund, sericeous, pubescent, the inner
obovate spathulate, 4 cm. long, 1.5 cm. broad, rusty-tomentulose
both sides, as also the bractlets without, these 22 mm. long, connate
to the middle; calyces 4.5 cm. long, glabrous or very sparsely pilose,
the segments spathulate oblong; petals to 6.5 cm. long, red apiculate
at the rounded tip. Type from a tree 10 meters high, the trunk
about 15 cm. in diameter. Pedicels 5-10 mm. long; the inflorescence
reminds one of the large-flowered Bomareas; the author ventures no
suggestion as to relationship. B. Herthae Harms, Notizbl. Bot.
Gart. Berlin 14: 30. 1938, Ecuadorian, has calyx-tube extremely
narrow, much larger leaflets; B. multijuga and B. stenantha, both
Britton & Killip species of Colombia, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35:
168. 1936, may be related but the latter has leaflets puberulent
beneath, the former quadrangular rachis.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, on rising ground, Jose Schunke 11, type.
Florida, Klug 2188 (inflorescence young, congested). "Palo de cruz."
Brownea Macbrideana Standl., spec. nov.

Arbor 12-metralis; folia magna, fere sessilia, rhachi crassa
dense sordido-tomentosa; foliola ca. 12 insigniter inaequalia crasse
petiolulata crasse membranacea longe caudato-acuminata, supra
lucida glabrata, subtus glauca primo adpresso-tomentulosa, serius
glabrata; foliola terminalia oblanceolato-oblonga ca. 26 cm. longa
atque 9 cm. lata, basi obtusa vel angusterotundata; foliola inferiora
breviora, infima late ovata basi cordata ca. 10 cm. longa atque 6.5
cm. lata; inflorescentia perfecta non visa; calyx fere tubulosus
superne dilatatus 4.5 cm. longus dense adpresso-tomentulosus
breviter lobatus; petala magna lataque 1 cm. longe unguiculata,
ovalia vel suborbicularia ca. 4.5 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata glabra,
apice late rotundata; vagina staminalis 1.5 cm. longa laxe tomentosa
vel supra glabrata, filamentis ca. 8 cm. longis glabris; antherae 4
mm. longae. Flowers fire-red. The species is related to B. grandi-
ceps Jacq., which, however, has petals 2 cm. wide or narrower.
Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, at mouth of Rio Zubineta, in
forest, altitude about 200 meters, G. Klug 2035 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). "Cacao silvestre."
Brownea peruviana Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor 5-8 m. alta glabra; ramulis teretibus tenuibus; petiolis
8-12 mm. longis, petiolulis 2-3 mm. longis; foliolis 1-2 jugis valde
FLORA OF PERU 135
oblique ellipticis basi acutis, apice subabrupte caudato-acuminatis

8 vel 15 cm. longis, 3.5-4 vel 7 cm. latis plus minusve rigide chartaceis,
vix nitidulis utrinque satis prominenter reticulate- venulosis; floribus
paucis sessilibus bracteis valde concavis, glabris, 1-2 cm. longis,
6-10 mm. latis; receptaculis campanulatis 4 mm. longis, leviter
pilosis; bracteolis(?)2 coloratis petaloideis late ovato-ellipticis circa
1.5 cm. longis, 1 cm. latis; petalis 4, obovatis longe angusteque
unguiculatis 16 mm. longis, 2 majoribus 6 mm. latis, 2 minoribus
3-4 mm. latis; staminibus 11 glabris ad basin satis connatis 3 cm.
longis, antheris fere 4 mm. longis; ovario breviter stipitato (stipite
calycem tubo hinc adnato) dense fulvo-villoso. With the facies
of Brownea but perhaps incorrectly placed here; the material is not
ample but evidently there are only 4 petals; I may not have succeeded
in determining accurately the structure of the flower and bractlets;
the sepals perhaps have fallen but apparently the status is as de-
scribed and therefore the species is aberrant; in the segregate proposed
by Huber (Browneopsis) the petals are lacking or are rudimentary;
if they are absent here the sepals are narrowly long-clawed. The
calyx-tube is like that of B. cauliflora and B. ucayalina. B. excelsa
(Pittier) Macbr., comb. nov. (Browneopsis excelsa, Pittier, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 157. 1916), of Panama has petals attenuate
into a slender claw as in B. peruviana but there are also 4 sepals and
14-15 stamens. The specimens were distributed as Macrolobium sp.
San Martin: Juanjui, river bank, Klug 4391, type; 3810.
Brownea ucayalina (Huber) Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio
Jan. 4: 51. 1925. Browneopsis ucayalina Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi
4: 566. 1906.
A low or laxly growing tree, apparently from the description
similar to B. cauliflora but the leaflets ordinarily 4 pairs, less fre-
quently only 3, the bracts, even the outer, rusty-tomentulose, the
calyx-tube cylindrical or more or less obconic and the sepals minutely
and sparsely puberulent, the margins ciliate, glabrous within; petals
3 or 4, rudimentary, ligulate; stamens 12-15; pods rusty-tomentose,
18 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, the valves spirally contorted after dehis-
cence. There is a drawing of the flowering parts, Huber, I.e. 565.
Loreto: Paca, Rio Ucayali, (Huber 1566}.
10. MACROLOBIUM Schreb.
Vouapa Aublet; Pseudovouapa Britton & Killip.

Smooth trees with many of the characters of Brownea except
that the leaves are rarely somewhat imparipinnate (leaflets some-
times few or solitary), the stipules foliaceous or minute, the flowers

small or medium, yellow or usually white with red stamens and borne
in single terminal and axillary racemes or shortly fasciculate-panicu-
late, and especially, the bractlets spreading at anthesis, often en-
closing calyx (this rarely reduced), petal apparently only one, the
2 or 4 lower petals much smaller, scale-like or wanting, the perfect
stamens only 3 (7 staminodia or reduced or none), the pods little
if at all longer than broad, generally bivalvate and elastically dehis-
cent with few (or 1) large ovate or orbicular seeds. Eperua Aubl.
to be expected has 1 petal, 10 stamens, small or caducous bractlets,
large rigid pods.
According to Ducke, Trop. Woods 65: 21-31. 1941, "Revision of
the Macrolobium species of the Amazonian Hylaea," with key and
habital notes but without references or descriptions, none of the
species are true forest trees, except for isolated examples, but in
flower are conspicuous along shores in wet places or in more open
forest on higher ground. Besides the following a number of species
with 2 or more pairs of leaflets will probably be found within Peru.
Leafletsmany, small.
Sepals and bractlets subequal; racemes villous-puberulent.
M. acaciaefolium.
Sepals much reduced; racemes pulverulent M. machaerioides.
Leaflets 2-3 pairs, medium M. microcalyx.
Leaflets 2, large.
Calyx-tube very short, much shorter than bractlets; flowers small.

Inflorescence distinctly puberulent.
Bracts and bractlets subequal, the former subpersisting.
M. chrysostachyum.
Bracts and bractlets unequal, the former minute, caducous.
M. bifolium.
Inflorescence glabrous.
Racemes short, congested; leaflets ample M. limbatum.
Racemes elongate, open; leaflets medium M. punctatum.
Calyx-tube narrow, about equaling bractlets; flowers to 2 cm. long.
Leaflets 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, 6-10 cm. long M. stenocladum.
Leaflets 4.5-8 cm. wide, 15-25 cm. long M. ischnocalyx.
Macrolobium acaciaefolium Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:

224. 1870. Outea acaciaefolia Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 94. 1840.
FLORA OF PERU 137
Elegant tree glabrous at least at maturity but often the margined

rachis of the 15-30 foliate leaves and the branchlet tips more or
less puberulent, the short axillary racemes always ashy-tomentulose,
even including the bractlets; branchlets short, densely leafy; leaves
1-2 dm. long, the linear-oblong leaflets retuse at tips, 2-3 cm. long,
5 mm. wide, somewhat lustrous above, paler beneath, the veinlets
obscure; racemes more or less recurving, to 3 cm. long; pedicels
short, rarely 2 mm. long, bractlets ovate, obtuse, about 5 mm.
long, subequaled by the glabrous sepals; petal long-clawed, orbicu-
late, 7-8 mm. long; ovary 2-3-ovuled, shortly stiped, hirsute at the
suture, the pod glabrous, suborbicular, 4.5-6 cm. long, 1-seeded,
indehiscent. Flowers with red filaments. Slender tree 10-30 meters
high, developing best on flooded areas (Ducke); the trunk without
root insertion, the bark dark gray with vertical cracks and hand-
size scales densely covered with irregularly shaped lenticels (Amshoff).
Harms with query referred Williams 1098 to M. taxifolium Spruce
but the leaflets of that species are at most 2.5 cm. long and more
numerous, the stipules large and subpersisting; the species are very
similar if indeed distinct. M. brevense Ducke has distinctly lineate-
nerved leaflets, the branchlets and inflorescence, this to 5 cm. long,
gray-pilose; cf. Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 51. 1925, for comparison
of it with M. Huberianum Ducke and M. gracile Benth., both with
indistinct or obsolete nervation, the former glabrous, its leaflets
7-24 mm. long; Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 2: 40.
1935, has proposed yet another ally, M. longipedicellatum, glabrous
like M. Huberianum but stipules caducous, leaflets 10-15 pairs.
All of these, unless M. longipedicellatum, have, according to Ducke,
oblique-angled dehiscent pods.
Loreto: Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2420. Rio Nanay and Rio
Itaya, (Raimondi}. Iquitos, Tessmann 3673
(det. Harms). Mishu-
yacu, King 1417. Manfinfa, Williams 1098 (det. Harms, M. taxi-
folium Benth., probably). Rio Acre: On terra firma, near mouth of

Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5599. To Venezuela and the Guianas.
"Chavapallana," "pashaca," "pasha-quilla," "aripari," "arapary,"
"arapary da varzea," "faveira."
Macrolobium bifolium (Aubl.) Pers. Syn. PL 1: 39. 1805; 221.

Vouapa bifolia Aubl. PL Guian. 1: 25. pi. 7. 1775.
Glabrous except for the closely tomentulose racemes, these 2.5-

7.5 cm. long, variously borne but mostly axillary, erect or reflexed;
leaflets 2, sessile or subsessile, shortly, usually obtusely, acuminate,
oblique and more or less falcate, veiny, lustrous, commonly about

1 dm.
long, 4 cm. wide or wider; bracts minute, promptly caducous,
the ovate bractlets to 6 mm. long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; calyx-
tube shortly stiped, 3 mm. long, the segments 2-3 times as long,
obtuse, concave; petal about 1 cm. long, long-clawed, the orbicular
blade crisped; ovary tomentose; pods oblique, puberulent, 8-12 cm.
long, 5-7 cm. broad, the enlarged upper suture several-10 mm. wide.
Tree with grayish-brown bark, sometimes 20 meters high, the
branchlets many, the deciduous stipules linear, the flowers white
with red stamens. M. retusum Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 7: 290.
1910, is marked by its broadly obovate retuse leaflets.
Peru(?) :
"Amazonas," Tessmann 3658. To Bahia and Trinidad.
"Soliman," "machinmango."
Macrolobium chrysostachyum (Miq.) Benth. in Mart. Fl.

Bras. 15, pt. 2: 220. 1870. Vouapa chrysostachya Miq. Stirp. Surin.
Sel. 11. 1850.
Rather similar, especially in foliage, to M. bifolium but the

racemes hirtellous, the leaflets falcate-acute or acuminate and the
bracts conspicuously subpersisting and imbricate toward their tips;
bractlets as bracts ovate, tomentulose, 6 mm. long; pedicels about
2 mm. long; calyx subsessile, the sepals about twice as long; ovary
glabrate, the pod glabrous. Low tree, the grayish-brown bark
with roundish scales 2-20 cm. broad and with thickly set wart-like
brown lenticels (Amshoff). Flowers white; in the Klug and Schunke
specimens reported as reddish-brown; in the latter they are sessile;
both these collections seem rather to be M. bifolium but not com-
pared by me. F.M. Neg. 1545.
Loreto: Iquitos, Klug 1353 (affine, Harms). Rio Mazan, 16-
meter trunk 5 dm. in circumference, Jose Schunke 85; 329 (det.
Killip). Brazil to Venezuela and the Guianas.
Macrolobium ischnocalyx Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin

9: 968. 1926.
Small tree with glabrous branchlets and leaves, the latter with
1 pair of oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous leaflets, cuneate at base,
rather long acuminate, 2-2.5 dm. long, 4.5-7 cm. broad, opaque,
scarcely conspicuously reticulate- veined both sides; racemes 2-4 or
apex of short branchlets, densely flowered, the minute
solitary at the
puberulence extending to the sepals; pedicels 3-6 mm. long; bractlets
obovate, apiculate, often high-connate, 10-11 mm. long, 5 mm.
FLORA OF PERU 139
broad; calyx-tube narrowly cylindrical, 10-12 mm. long, the pedicelli-

form portion 5-7 mm. long; sepals 4, subequal, nearly 1.5 cm. long,
5-6 mm. broad; petal membranous, shortly clawed, 2.5-3 cm. long
or longer, the margin erose; ovary minutely velutinous, the elongate
style puberulent only at base. Allied by the author to M. floridum
Karst. of Colombia with broader calyx-tube and shorter and broader
calyx-lobes; 2-3 meters high, the calyx according to Tessmann
yellow green, carmine within as also the flowers except the petal
which is white above. F.M. Neg. 1548.
Loreto: Mouth of Santiago, flood-free wood, Tessmann 4265,
type. Balsapuerto, Klug 2863; 3046 (det. Standl.).
Macrolobium limbatum Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

15, pt. 2: 218. 1870.
Slender tree glabrous even to the racemes, these short, solitary
or more often
fascicled at the leafless nodes and the flowers corym-
bosely crowded, the inflorescence then only a cm. or so long; leaflets
2, shortly petioled, long-oblong, oblique at base, bluntly short-
pointed, sublustrous above, the prominent primary veins impressed
and strongly confluent within the margin, 2 dm. long, 8 cm. wide or
larger; pedicels 1.5-4 mm.
long; bracts small, caducous; bractlets
obovate, 5 mm. calyx-tube scarcely stipitate, the obtuse
long;
oblong membranous sepals 6 mm. long, the upper broader, exceeded
by the petal claw, the crisped obovate petal blade about 5 mm. long;
ovary glabrous or pilose, with 4 ovules. Pod resembles that of
M. bifolium (Ducke). The related and similar M. canaliculatum
Spruce has smaller oval-oblong, very obtuse leaves, venation obscure.
M. palustre Ducke has acute sepals shorter than the bractlets. Tree,
8 meters with white flowers, red stamens (Mexia). Illustrated, Mart.
Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 56.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 663; 418. Balsapuerto, Klug 2867.

Near Yurimaguas, Mexia 6088 (det. Standl.). Brazil. "Shimbillo."
Macrolobium machaerioides Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor parva, ramulis novellis puberulentis; stipulis ovatis, acutis,
3 mm.longis; foliorum rachis dilatato-canaliculata, obscure pul-
verulenta et sparse ciliolata 12 cm. longa; foliolis 15-22 jugis oblongis,
apice emarginatis, basi valde inaequilateris glabris subtus pallidis
et venis mediocriter haud crebre prominentibus, 13-19 mm. longis,
6-7 mm. latis ad apicem paullo decrescentibus; racemis axillaribus,
erectis vel patentibus, 2.5 cm. longis minutissime pulverulentis;
bracteis minutis; pedicellis circa 0.5 mm. minute

longis; bracteolis
strigillosis vix 4 mm.
longis; calycis segmentis membranaceis valde
reductis; petalum circa 6 mm. longum; ovarium stipitatum hir-
sutulum. Apparently unique among species with many leaflets in
character of calyx; otherwise perhaps nearest M. venulosum Benth.
with leaflets mostly somewhat longer than 2 cm., their nervature
dense, racemes reflexed, ovary glabrous. Tree 2 meters high with

cream-colored flowers (Klug).
Macrolobium microcalyx Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan.

6: 624. 1933.
Glabrous, except the usually solitary axillary racemes, these

finely tomentulose, 3-4 cm. long; leaf-rachis canaliculate with
usually 4 (sometimes 3) pairs of oblong leaflets, the larger 5 cm.
long, half as broad, obliquely inequilateral and obtuse at base, retuse
at apex, thick but flexible, with many approximate very fine nerves,
paler beneath; pedicels to 2 mm. long; bractlets 4-6 mm. long, ob-
long-acuminate, ashy puberulent at anthesis; calyx glabrous, the
tube shorter than 1 mm., the segments minute, membranous; petal
white, 7 or 8 mm. long; stamens purple, more than 1 cm. long, the
filaments sparsely ciliate below; ovary stiped, white villous; pods
(immature) glabrate, exceeding 10 cm. in length, 4 cm. in breadth.
Shrub or tree to 10 meters with white flowers.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 140; 387; 1043 (all det. Killip). Brazil.
Macrolobium punctatum Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl.

Bras. 15, pt. 2: 219. 1870.
Glabrous throughout; leaflets 2, obliquely falcate-oblong, acumi-
nate, more or decurrent

less into petiolules 6-10 mm. long, lustrous,
8-15 cm. long, about 3 cm. wide; racemes many-flowered, open,
the pedicels 2-3 mm. long; bractlets oblong, membranous, white,
8 mm. long; calyx-tube obliquely ovoid-oblong, 2 mm. long on stipe
as long, the obtuse oblong segments 8 mm. long; petals white (Spruce),
about 12 mm. long, obovate-rotund, contracted into a short biauricu-
late claw; ovary shortly stiped, glabrous; pod similar to that of
M. bifolium. Leaves in life according to Spruce pellucid-punctate.
Tree 10 meters, the flowers yellow (Klug). M. suaveolens Spruce
and M. pendulum Willd. of northern Brazil have subsessile leaflets,
with unequal calyx segments, the racemes of the former dense, the
bractlets obtuse, those of the latter loose, the bractlets very acute.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 717 (det. Harms). Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 141
Macrolobium stenocladum Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin

9: 969. 1926.
Much like M. ischnocalyx but all parts smaller, the oblong lanceo-
4-10 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, the pedicels 2-3 cm. long,
late leaflets
the bractlets 7 mm. long, the calyx- tube 4-6 mm. long, the pedicelli-
form part 2-3 mm. long; sepals oblong, 9-11 mm. long. The type
from a tree 10 meters high, the bractlets and calyx bright green,
carmine striped within, the petals white except the base. F.M.
Neg. 1552.
Loreto: Mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4091, type.
11. APULEIA Mart.
Apoleya Gleason, Phytologia 1: 143. 1935.

Smooth trees with unequally pinnate leaves, the leaflets alternate,
coriaceous, and the small white often polygamous flowers borne in
axillary cymules before the leaves are fully developed. Stipules
as bracts minute or none, bractlets none. Calyx-tube shortly
turbinate, the lobes 3, strongly imbricate. Petals 3, subsessile,
oblong, narrowed at base, lightly imbricate, the stamens the same
number (rarely 2) their filaments abruptly attenuate at tip, their
anthers linear-oblong, basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary
shortly stiped, the stipe adnate, 2-3-ovuled, the style thickish with
terminal truncate or dilated stigma. Pods obliquely ovate or oblong,
piano-compressed, subcoriaceous, indehiscent, narrowly winged along
upper suture. Seeds 1-2, transverse, ovate or orbicular, albuminous.
The generic name was originally written Apuleja Mart. Herb.
Fl. Bras. 123. 1837, and is thus in conflict with Apuleja Gaertn.
Fruct. 2: 439. 1791, which has resulted in Gleason, I.e., proposing
a new name. He did this however when there was an international
understanding that such cases should be submitted to a committee.
In fact this case was so analyzed in Kew Bull. 360: 1935: "considering
the fact that Apuleja Mart, is generally recognized while Apuleja
Gaertn. is a synonym of the earlier Berkheya Ehrh. it seems advisable
to conserve Apuleja Mart, with the accepted spelling Apuleia, since
i and j in Latin do not constitute different letters though of different
sound." Under the circumstances it seems improbable that Apuleia

Mart, will not be conserved (and with the accepted spelling) espe-
cially in view of the fact that Gleason's action was taken at a time
when he could have been informed that international agreement
for the handling of such duplications in names had been arranged.
A similar situation exists for Martia.
Apuleia leiocarpa (Vog.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 23.

1919; 177. Leptolobium(T) leiocarpum Vog. Linnaea 11: 393. June-
July 1837. A. praecox Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. 123. Nov. 1837.
Apoleya leiocarpa (Vog.) Gleason, Phytologia 1: 143. 1935.
Small tree or apparently sometimes at least 15 meters high with

slender white lenticellate branchlets that at flowering time are quite
leafless and then suggest somewhat Dalbergia, the flowers crowded
in shortly villous cymes at the leaf-nodes and tips of short branchlets;
expanding leaves lustrous-appressed-sericeous, especially the leaflets
beneath, these 5-11 pairs, at maturity glabrous above, paler and at
most minutely puberulent beneath or glabrous, reticulate-veined
and lustrous at least above, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, often
somewhat acuminate but obtuse or even retuse, the larger 3-5 cm.
long, about 2 cm. broad, distinctly petiolulate; pedicels 4-6 mm.
long; calyx- tube scarcely 1 mm. long, the reflexed segments to
nearly 4 mm. long; petals narrowed at base, somewhat shorter than
the calyx; pods oval-suborbicular to 2.5 cm. long, about 12 mm.
broad, the wing 0.5 mm. wide, the stipe rather long. Illustrated,
Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 46.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5542. To
Braziland Argentina. "Garapo."
Apuleia molaris Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:

177. 1870.
Distinguished from A. leiocarpa chiefly by the proportionately

broader leaflets, these 5-9 pairs, mostly broadly elliptic or ovate-
elliptic, finally 5-6 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide or wider, obtusely and
very shortly if at all acuminate, sometimes retuse; pods obliquely
oblong, to 7 cm. long, 3 cm. broad, narrowed to the subsessile base,
rounded at tip, the style lateral, the wing 2-3 mm. broad, finally
glabrate. Attains 30 meters or more, the bark smooth rusty brown;
the very hard white and yellowish wood known as "ana" and used
for the rollers for grinding sugar cane (Spruce) also excellent, accord-
;
ing to Ducke, for canoes. F.M. Neg. 21796.

San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4881, type. Loreto: Yurimaguas,
Williams 4034- Amazonian Brazil to Venezuela. "Muira-juba"
or "pau mulato," "ana."
12. DIALIUM L.
Like Apuleia but cymes in axillary or terminal panicles, leaflets

sometimes membranous, calyx-tube obsolete with 5 sepals, petals
FLORA OF PERU 143
1 or 2 or lacking, stamens usually only 2, the anthers oblong, ovary

sessile or stiped, the ovate orbicular pod with 1 seed. Ducke has
found rarely 2 ovaries as in Swartzia dicarpa, S. polyphylla, excep-
tional however in the family.
Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandw. ex A. C. Smith, Lloydia

2: 184. 1939; 178. Arouna guianensis Aublet, PI. Guian. 1: 16.
pi. 5. 1775. D. divaricatum Vahl, Enum. 1: 302. 1805. D. acumi-
natum Spruce ex Williams, Field Mus. Bot. 15: 201. 1936.
Younger parts including the leaf-rachi, branchlet tips and panicles
minutely rusty-hirsutulous, the cymes of the small flowers borne
in a much-branched panicle rusty-appressed-sericeous; leaflets (3)
5-7 pairs, ovate or ovate-oblong, rounded at base or somewhat acute,
more or less acuminate, 5-10 cm. long, about half as broad, densely
reticulate- veined, rigid-chartaceous, the petiolules3-4 mm. long;
stipules small, promptly caducous; pedicels obsolete or rarely 2 mm.
long; flowers scarcely 3 mm. long; petals none; pods obliquely egg-
shaped, lightly compressed, to 18 mm. long, drying black, nearly
glabrous with fragile exocarp, the pulp edible. According to
Williams who gives a good photograph, I.e. 201, of the tree, it fre-
quently attains 25 meters, the crown spreading, the bark grayish
or reddish-brown, the hard wood valued for posts on account of
its resistance to moisture.There appears to be no consequential
difference between the original form from Guiana and the Peruvian
tree; Bentham saw none and Williams gives none. Illustrated,
Loreto: Near Iquitos, Williams 3699; Klug 1522. Brazil to

Guiana and Central America. "Huitillo," "jutai."
13. CASSIA L.

Shrubs, less frequently herbs, with usually abruptly pinnate leaves
(their stipules often conspicuous glands) and yellow, rarely red or
white, bracted and bracteolate flowers borne in axillary or terminal
racemes or panicles, rarely subsolitary. Calyx-tube disk-like, the
segments imbricate as the petals, these subequal or the lower larger.
Stamens 5 or 10, perfect or sometimes unequal and the upper smaller
or 3 reduced, the basifixed anthers usually dehiscent from an apical
cleft orpore or rarely dehiscent basally. Ovary sessile or stiped,
many-ovuled. Pods terete or compressed, coriaceous or membranous,
indehiscent or often 2-valved, sometimes longitudinally winged,
septate between the seeds or these surrounded with tissue. Seeds

various, albuminous.
Ruiz & Pavon noted "hatumpacte" and "pachapacte" as names
for two unidentified species of tarma used by the inhabitants "for
a long time as purgatives, and the leaves are preferred to the senna
leaves brought from Lima for the same purpose by the doctors."
The pulp of the pods of C. fistula (and similar species) furnishes a
laxative long employed in the preparation of cathartics but it is of
interest that it is no longer included in the list of useful drugs com-
piled by the American Medical Association. The same species as
well as C. apoucouita and a few others have extremely hard wood.
Many species are extremely ornamental and their cultivation deserves
more attention.
Cassia is one of the most natural genera in the family; to parcel
it out into genera, as "herbarium botanists" do, can serve only to
increase the number of authors' names as "new combinations"

(Ducke). This succinct expression has my complete approval.
There are three subgenera no member of which however approaches
any other genus; that is, no member that is not clearly, to novice
or professional, a Cassia; and even in the range of Peru, limited
for a world- wide genus, there are species, as C. Absus, C. apoucouita,
that combine characters assigned generic rank by many. Pittier,
with perfect material, could not be sure that he was justified in
placing in Emelista his Emelista mucronulosa Pitt. Journ. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 19: 176. 1929. "Possibly," he wrote, "it should come
somewhere in section Chamaesenna of the complex genus Cassia."
As it seems to be an interesting species it should indeed become
Cassia mucronulosa (Pitt.) Macbr., comb. nov. . .
, so that at
may be possible to find it in herbaria.
least it
In the few instances where synonymy or remark does not in-
dicate relationship a sectional name has been noted. C. florifera
Herrera, Contr. Fl. Cuzco ed. 2, pt. 1 121. 1921, has been unidentified,
:
and the name, not accounted for in later editions of the same work,
is doubtless to be dropped. Several Bolivian species, some possibly
the same as those described here, have been published in Bull. N. Y.
Bot. Card. 4: 311. 1907 and 8: 94. 1912, but specimens were not seen.
Two keys follow, the second based largely on leaves.
Technical key (after Bentham, in part)
Anthers dissimilar, the 3 lower on elongate arcuate filaments,

dehiscing by slits, the 7 upper on short filaments, basally
FLORA OF PERU 145
dehiscing, sometimes partly imperfect; pods indehiscent (Sub-

genus Fistula).
Bracts minute, caducous long before or at anthesis.
Leaflets ample, often 6 cm. wide, rather remote.
Petioles and pods terete C. fistula.
Petioles grooved above; pods somewhat flattened.
Petals entire, yellow with red veins; bracts 5-6 mm. long.
C. Spruceana.
Petals white and rose or red; bracts 2-3 mm. long.
Bracts persisting to anthesis; petals white and rose, entire.
C. swartzioides.
Bracts caducous before anthesis; petals red, 1 appendaged
on claw C. scarlatina.
Leaflets oblong, smaller, crowded, 8-20 pairs.
Flowers bright yellow; anthers glabrous C. leiandra.
Flowers roseate or whitish; anthers pilose C. grandis.
Bracts persisting after anthesis C. fastuosa.
Anthers uniform or nearly unless in size(sometimes only 6 or 7
perfect), usually all apically dehiscent or sometimes laterally.
Perfect anthers 6 or 7 dehiscing by a pore or slit; pods indehiscent
or if dehiscing not elastically (Subgenus Senna).
Leaves always with 2 pairs of leaflets, glandular (usually) at
least between the lower pair, ample; pods dehiscing along
interior suture.
Gland between both pairs of leaflets and obviously slender;

stems angled C. quinquangulata.
Glands lacking or only between the first pair of leaflets,
usually conical, or if between both pairs the lower gland
conical, the upper slender; stems terete except C. latifolia.
Sepals strongly nerved and veined; petals puberulent only

on nerves C. macrophylla.
Sepals more or less obscurely nerved; petals glabrous or

evenly puberulent.
Petals 10-16 (20) mm. long; racemes axillary, often
cauliflower.
Peduncles short, the racemes corymbed or at the
defoliate nodes; sepals firm.
Leaves long-acuminate; sepals oblong, 6 mm. long.

C. pallidifolia.
Leaves if acuminate, shortly; sepals suborbicular,
3^4 mm. long C. Ruiziana.
Peduncles more or less elongate; sepals membranous,
6-9 mm. long C. obliqua.
Leaflets more or less pilose beneath; peduncles axillary.
C. loretensis.
Petals 2-3 cm. long; racemes at least the principal
terminal and usually corymbed.
Sepals and anthers both subequal.
Sepals oblong-ovate; stipules deciduous; leaves often
pilose beneath C. fruticosa.
Sepals suborbicular; stipules somewhat persisting;

leaves glabrous C. latifolia.
Sepals and anthers distinctly unequal .C. Hoffmanseggii.

Leaves usually with more than 2 pairs of leaflets, if only 2 pairs
then small or medium.
Pods narrow, 3-6 (9) mm. wide, cylindric, subquadrate or
sometimes compressed, often greatly elongate; stamens
subequal or leaf-glands present (only in C. spectabilis
glands lacking); cf. also C. cushina, pods unknown.
Leaflets obtuse or acutish; peduncles usually 2-flowered.
Leaflets obovate, medium or plants in part long-pilose.
Glabrous or pubescence appressed.
Anthers obtuse; pods usually sub terete; seeds longi-
tudinal C. Tora.
Anthers beaked (in part); pods compressed; seeds
oblique C. leiophylla.
Pubescence widely spreading C. pilifera.
Leaflets elliptic-oblong, small; anthers in part beaked;
seeds transverse.
Leaflets, at least most leaves, 7 or more pairs.
C. biflora.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs C. huancabambae.
Leaflets distinctly acute or acuminate; peduncles several-
flowered.
Leaflets 3-7 pairs, mostly with a gland near base of
petiole.
FLORA OF PERU 147
Pods 2-3 (5)mm. broad; seeds oblique. .C. leptocarpa.
Pods 4-8 mm. broad; seeds transverse.

Leaves hirsute C. hirsuta.
Leaves glabrous C. occidentalis.
Leaflets 8-15 pairs; glands lacking (cf. C. cushina).
C. spectabilis.
Pods at least 1cm. wide (or thick), compressed to turgid-
cylindrical; stamens often unequal, except C. atomaria,
C. Haughtii with eglandular leaves.
Leaves usually with a gland at least between lowest leaflets,
often small and if pubescent, softly.
Pods cylindrical or turgid, glabrous.
Leaflets glabrous.
Leaflets obtuse, broader above the middle.
C. bicapsularis.
Leaflets more or less narrowed from the middle.
C. laevigata.
Leaflets pilose beneath, 5-7 pairs C. aurantia.
Pods strongly compressed (but more or less biconvex by
the mature seeds) or if somewhat turgid, tomentulose.
Stipules not spinescent.

Anthers erostrate.
Leaflets 7-14 pairs.
Leaflets glabrous, acute to obtuse, usually
lanceolate.
Filaments markedly unequal; pods somewhat

stiped C. latopetiolata.
Filaments not so unequal; pods subsessile.
C. Hookeriana.
Leaflets usually pubescent at least on midnerve,

obtuse, usually elliptic-oblong.
Pubescence a soft tomentum on the acutish
leaflets beneath C. tomentosa.
Pubescence lacking or not tomentose, the
leaflets often rounded at tip.
Leaflets lightly pilose both sides, half as

broad as long C. arequipensis.
Leaflets glabrous above at maturity, usually

more than half longer than broad.
Leaflets oblong-elliptic, retuse or
rounded C. helveola.
Leaflets slightly narrowed toward ob-
tuse tips C. birostris.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs C. Cookii.
Leaflets 1-2 pairs C. conjugata.
Anthers rostrate.
Leaflets rather few (7-10 pairs) C. incarnata.
Leaflets 20 pairs or more C. multijuga.
Stipules stoutly spinescent C. spinescens.

Leaves eglandular, glabrous or if pubescent, ample, or the
pubescence rather coarse (C. cushina may have
rudimentary gland).
Anthers equal, not rostrate.
Leaflets 3-6 pairs, ample, softly pilose beneath.
C. atomaria.
Leaflets glabrous; pods compressed C. Haughtii.
Leaflets puberulent; pods terete C. spectabilis.
Anthers unequal, in part aristate at base or rostrate.
Leaflets acute; longer anthers 6-7 mm. long.C. lucens.
Leaflets obtuse or longer anthers much longer.
Pods winged; leaflets glabrate; stipules persisting.
C. alata.
Pods not winged; leaflets somewhat pubescent or if
glabrous stipules caducous.

Leaflets pubescent beneath; stipules more or less
persisting C. reticulata.
Leaflets completely glabrous unless on midnerve
beneath or stipules caducous.
Leaflets prominently mucronate, rigid.
C. Pearcii.
Leaflets scarcely mucronulate, membranous.
Peduncles hirtellous or glabrous C. cuspidata.
.
Peduncles tomentulose. . . .C. cushina.

FLORA OF PERU 149
Perfect anthers 10 or by abortion fewer; pods elastically dehiscent

(Subgenus Lasiorhegma).
Trees, the flowers cauliflower C. apoucouita.
Herbs or shrubs.
Viscid annual with small racemose flowers C. Absus.
Eviscid perennials or annuals, the flowers fewer, solitary in or
above the axils (Chamaecrista) species minute or char-
;
acter obscure.
Flowers small, about 5 mm. long or scarcely longer, shortly
peduncled.
Stems usually glabrous or puberulent; petiolar gland more
or less stiped C. Chamaecrista.
Stems densely pilose; petiolar gland sessile. .C. patellaria.
Flowers showy, 10 (8) -20 mm. long or longer, often borne

on stalks as long or longer.
Flowering stems villous-pilose or hispidulous with spread-
ing trichomes; petiole-gland usually more or less
stiped.
Leaflets glabrous unless midnerve; stems hirsutulous;
gland sessile C. felipensis.
Leaflets lightly pilose both sides; stems villous; gland
subsessile or stiped C. flavicoma.
Flowering stems glabrous or the pubescence appressed or

crisped.
Gland of petioles distinctly and slenderly stiped.
C. glandulosa.
Gland of petioles sessile or subsessile or the stipe short,
stout.
Leaflets mostly more than 10 pairs.
Leaflets 10-20 pairs C. Pavoniana.
Leaflets 20-40 pairs C. Pennelliana.
Leaflets mostly fewer than 10 pairs.

Gland sessile or subsessile; leaflets somewhat
pilose.
Plants in part glabrate; pedicels about 15 mm.
long or longer.
Pedicels filiform, lax C. cuneata.
Pedicels slender but erect C. repens.
Plants pubescent; pedicels about 8 mm. long.

C. brachypoda.
Gland shortly stiped; leaflets glabrous or appar-
ently.
Leaflets membranous; veins subreticulate; pedi-
cels long C. tenella.
Leaflets fleshy; veins not reticulate, obscure;
pedicels short C. calvens.
Key (based on leaves)

Peduncles in the upper axils only 1-2-flowered; leaflets usually cune-
ate-obovate, 2-3 (-4) pairs, never very small; pods never
elastically dehiscent.
Leaflets usually wider than 1 cm., obovate or stem-pubescence
spreading.
Pubescence lacking or appressed.
Larger sepals 6-8 mm. long; pods 2-3 mm. wide C. Tora.
Larger sepals often 10 mm. long or longer; pods 5-6 mm. wide.
C. leiophylla.
Pubescence widely spreading C. pilifera.
Leaflets narrower than 1 cm.
Leaflets, at least most leaves, 7 or more pairs C. biflora.

Leaflets 3-4 pairs C. huancabambae.
Peduncles several-flowered or if flowers few or solitary in or above
the axils, the leaflets many and very small or tiny and the
pods elastically dehiscent (C. conjugata, if only 2-flowered, has
peduncles in part terminal).
Leaflets 2 pairs and ample or wider than 1.5 cm.; perfect anthers
or sepals subequal except C. Hoffmanseggii.
Gland between both pairs leaflets and obviously slender; stems
angled C. quinquangulata.
Glands lacking or only between first pair leaflets, usually conical
or if between both pairs the lower gland conical, the upper
slender; stems terete except C. latifolia.
Sepals strongly nerved and veined; petals puberulent only on

the nerve C. macrophylla.
Sepals more or less obscurely nerved petals glabrous or evenly

;
puberulent.
FLORA OF PERU 151
Petals 10-16 (20) mm. long; racemes axillary, often cauli-

flower.
Peduncles short, the racemes corymbed or at the defoli-
ate nodes; sepals firm.
Leaflets long-acuminate; sepals oblong, 6 mm. long.
C. pallidifolia.
Leaflets if acuminate shortly; sepals suborbicular,
3^4 mm.
long C. Ruiziana.
Peduncles elongate; sepals membranous, 6-9 mm. long.
C. obliqua.
Leaflets more or less pilose beneath; peduncles axillary.
C. loretensis.
Petals 2-3 cm. long; racemes, at least principal, terminal
and usually corymbed.
Sepals and anthers both subequal.
Sepals oblong-ovate; stipules deciduous; leaves often
pilose beneath C. fruticosa.
Sepals suborbicular; stipules more or less persisting;

leaves glabrous C. latifolia.
Sepals and anthers both distinctly unequal.

C. Hoffmanseggii.
Leaflets with usually more than 2 pairs, if only 2 then small or
medium.
Leaflets few or sometimes many but not very small nor the
flowers solitary or few in most axils; pods rarely elastically
dehiscing.
Stamens very unequal in length, the lower 3 with elongate
arcuate and diverse anthers; leaflets if few somewhat
pointed and coriaceous.
Bracts minute, caducous long before or at anthesis.
Leaflets ample, often 6 cm. wide, rather remote.
Petioles and pods terete C. fistula.
Petioles grooved above; pods somewhat flattened.
Bracts persisting to anthesis; petals not yellow.

C. swartzioides.
Bracts caducous; petals red or yellow.

Petals red, 1 appendaged on claw . . . . C. scarlatina.
Petals yellow, unappendaged C. Spruceana.

Leaflets oblong, small, crowded, 8-20 pairs.
Flowers roseate or whitish; anthers glabrous.
C. leiandra.
Flowers bright yellow; anthers puberulent. .C. grandis.
Bracts persisting after anthesis C. fastuosa.
Stamens, unequal, not extremely so;

if leaflets 7-many or if
fewer obtuse or membranous.

Inflorescence cauliflower; anthers 10, laterally dehiscent;
pods bivalved C. apoucouita.
Inflorescence axillary and terminal; characters, at least in
part, otherwise.
Leaflets obtuse or rounded apically.
Glabrous shrubs.
Leaflets 3-5 pairs C. bicapsularis.
Leaflets 1-2 pairs C. conjugata.
Viscid annual C. Absus.
Leaflets acute to acuminate.
Leaflets 2-2.5 cm. wide, glabrous to hirsute, with 1 or
more glands between them.
Leaflets 3^4 pairs, usually with a gland between
each pair; pods subcylindrical C. laevigata.
Leaflets (3) 4-7 pairs, the leaf with only a gland at
base; pods flat.
Pods 3 (5) mm. wide, the seeds oblique; plants

glabrate to lightly hirsute C. leptocarpa.
Pods 5-9 mm. wide, the seeds transverse.
Plants densely hirsute C. hirsuta.
Plants glabrous or nearly C. occidentalis.
Leaflets 3-6 cm. wide, pilose beneath, the leaf eglan-

dular C. atomaria.
Leaflets often or mostly 7-many pairs, sometimes tiny, always

if few, and the flowers then solitary or axillary, the pods
elastically dehiscent.
Leaflets medium, mostly or all much wider than 3 mm.;
peduncles many-flowered; pods indehiscent or the valves
not elastic.
FLORA OF PERU 153
Leaflets retuse,rounded or obtuse, ordinarily more or less
pubescent or the longer anthers beaked.

Leaflets 7-15 cm. long, 2-7 cm. wide.
Plants somewhat pubescent; pods not winged.
C. reticulata.
Plants glabrous or glabrate; pods winged C. alata.
Leaflets all or mostly smaller.
Leaflets medium, (2.5) 3-7 cm. long or sometimes
shorter but then 20 or more pairs.
Leaflets about 20 or more pairs C. multijuga.
Leaflets fewer.
Racemes usually hirteilous; leaflets membranous.
C. picta, C. cuspidata.
Racemes glabrous; leaflets rigid, mucronate.
C. Pearcii.
Leaflets small, mostly 1.5-2.5 (3) cm. long, rarely if
ever as many as 15 pairs.

Leaves with usually 1 or more glands between the
leaflets; anthers unequal.
Leaf-rachis sparsely pilose or glabrous, the leaflets
partly glabrate.
Longer anthers beaked C. incarnata.
All the anthers blunt.
Leaflets slightly narrowed to obtuse tips.
C. birostris.
Leaflets oblong-elliptic, retuse or rounded.

C. helveola.
Leaf-rachis densely pubescent or in any case

leaflets lightly pilose both sides or densely
beneath.
Leaflets densely tomentose or pilose beneath.
Gland usually 1; pods glabrous, terete.
C. aurantia.
Glands usually several; pods subcompressed,

tomentose C. tomentosa.
Leaflets lightly pilose both sides.

C. arequipensis.
Leaflets lightly pilose only beneath. .C. Cookii.
Leaves without glands, glabrous; anthers equal.

C. Haughtii.
Leaflets acute to acuminate or if rarely obtusish glabrous
and the longer anthers obtuse or merely cusped (cf.
C. Haughtii).
Flowers showy, the petals to 2.5 cm. long; stipules spines-
cent C. spinescens.
Flowers medium in size, the petals 1-1.5 cm. long;
stipules not spinescent.
Leaflets less than 1.5 cm. wide, glabrous.
Leaflets acutish; filaments unequal; pods more or
less stiped C. latopetiolata.
Leaflets obtusish; filaments subequal; pods sub-
sessile C. Hookeriana.
Leaflets 1.5-2 cm. wide, somewhat pubescent.
Leaflets minutely or sparsely pubescent beneath;
stamens unequal, forked at base or beaked.
Leaflets 8-10 pairs; sepals and larger anthers 7-10
mm. long; pods flat C. lucens.
Leaflets 10-15 pairs; sepals and larger anthers
10-12 mm. long.
Petioles and peduncles yellowish-tomentulose;
leaflets sparsely pilose beneath. C. cushina.
Petioles and peduncles glabrous or hispidulous;
leaflets glabrous beneath except midnerve.
C. cuspidata.
Leaflets pubescent beneath; stamens subequal, ob-
tuse; pods terete C. spectabilis.
Leaflets small or tiny, rarely more than 3 mm. wide; flowers

solitary or few, axillary or supra-axillary; pods elastically
dehiscent; low shrubs or herbs (Chamaecrista; see end
of technical key, p. 149).
Cassia Absus L. Sp. PI. 376. 1753; 558. Grimaldia Absus (L.)
Britton& Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 299. 1930.
Erect somewhat branching annual often several dm. high, the
stems and petioles more or less stiffly viscid-pubescent; leaflets 2
pairs, obliquely elliptic, membranous, puberulent beneath, 2-4.5
cm. long; flowers 5-7 mm. long, in terminal racemes; stamens 5 (7);
FLORA OF PERU 155
pods sparsely hispid, 2.5-4 cm. long, 6-7 mm. broad. Section
Absus. Illustrated, Basu, Ind. Med. PI. pi. 357.
Piura: Serran, Weberbauer 5992. Warm regions.
Cassia alata L. Sp. PL 1378. 1753; 550. Herpetica alata (L.)

Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 123. 1838.
Similar to C. reticulata; leaflets 6-12 pairs, sometimes retuse,
broadly rounded or truncate at base, often puberulent beneath, 5-15
cm. long, 3-7 cm. broad; sepals 1 cm. long; pods medially winged
longitudinally, membranous except for the thickened margins.
Illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pi. 39
(photo).
Peru (probably, at least in cultivation). Warm regions of
America, Asia and Africa.
Cassia apoucouita Aublet, PI. Guian. 379. pi. 146. 1775; 557.
Tree, glabrous except for the short rusty puberulent densely

flowered racemes that are borne often abundantly on the older
portion of the branchlets just beneath the glossy foliage; leaflets
2-6 oblong or ovate-elliptic, rounded or shortly cuneate at
pairs,
base, moreor less acuminate, usually only slightly oblique, firm-
membranous, conspicuously reticulate-veined both sides, very
variable in size, sometimes on flowering branchlets only 3-4 cm.
long,about half as wide, usually 10-12 cm. long or longer, 3-4.5 cm.
wide or wider; glands variously developed, rarely none; bracts minute,
caducous; pedicels soon 2-2.5 cm. long; calyx segments 4-6 cm.
long; petals broadly obovate, shortly clawed, 12-18 mm. long;
stamens 10, subsessile, subequal, the thick puberulent anthers
4-6 mm. long, the cells dehiscing by short vertical slits; ovary gla-
brous or nearly; pods plane, shortly and obliquely acuminate,
lustrous, elastically dehiscing by the enlarged nerviform sutures,
1-2 dm. long to 2.5 cm. broad. Species of interest, as with C.
Absus it forms a transition in the fruit toward Subgenus Chamaecrista.
Related Brazilian species include C. hymenaeifolia and C. adiantifolia,
the former with 1-3 pairs of coriaceous leaflets, paler beneath and
closely subparallel-veined the latter with 20-30 pairs of obtuse
;
strongly oblique leaflets, tomentose beneath. Section Apoucouita.

Piura: Chipillicos and Hacienda Tina (Raimondi, det. Dahlem
as affine). Brazil to Guiana.
Cassia arequipensis Meyen ex Vog. Syn. Cass. 43. 1837; 539.

Shrub, the densely leafy branchlets and leaves pilose-puberulent,
the subappressed trichomes lustrous; stipules subulate, deciduous; leaf
glands very minute; leaflets 6-14 pairs, subsessile, oblong-elliptic,
rounded at both ends, 7-10 mm. long, 4 mm. broad; racemes little
exceeding the leaves, the pedicels 12-22 mm. long; bracts oblong-
linear to 6 mm. long, caducous; petals about 10 mm. long; stamens
10, the anthers erostrate but the bluntly cusped, the filament
fertile
of the two larger to 7 mm. long, equaling the petals; ovary with its
stipe pubescent, the style glabrous. Section Chamaesenna. F.M.
Neg. 1648.
Arequipa: Near Arequipa, Meyen, type; rocky banks, 3,100
meters, Pennell 14278; 13238; Goodspeed 22106.
Cassia atomaria L. Mant. 68. 1767; 548. C. laeta HBK. Nov.

Gen. & Sp. 6: 340. 1824. Cathartocarpus laetus G. Don, Gen. Syst.
2: 454. 1832. Cassia Weberbaueri Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 92. 1930.
Densely leafy shrub or tree sometimes 10 meters high; leaflets

4-5 pairs, oblong-ovate-lanceolate, 7-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad,
rounded at base, acuminate, membranous, sparsely puberulent and
somewhat lustrous above, softly pilose beneath, nearly concolor,
eglandular; racemes axillary, to 1.5 dm. long, much shorter than
the leaves, very laxly flowered, the slender pedicels to 2.5 cm. long;
sepals puberulent, membranous, oval, the larger inner ones about
5 mm. long; petals unequal, the larger 1.5 cm. long, fertile stamens
usually 7, subequal, merely cusped; pods compressed to 4.5 dm.
long, 16 mm. broad, the seeds transverse. In Candollea 6: 9. 1934,
I reduced my species because apparently a collection from the type
locality, Guayaquil, of C. laeta has a similar pod, not originally

described; however, it seems to me questionable if the plant of
HBK. can be distinguished from C. atomaria. C. emarginata L.,

closely allied, has smaller leaflets, very obtuse or rounded apically.
Section Chamaesenna.
Tumbez: Rainy green formation, 200 meters, Weberbauer 7709
(type, C. Weberbaueri). Piura: Talara, Haught 61. To Mexico.
Cassia aurantia Ruiz & Pa von

ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 441.
1832; 541. C. Dombeyana Vog. Syn. Cas. 28. 1837.
Shrub usually less than a meter high, sprawling or forming clumps,
the branches spreading, the younger as the leaves and peduncles
more or less pilose-puberulent; stipules setaceous, caducous; leaflets
FLORA OF PERU 157
5-7 pairs, the lower with a slender gland between them, oblong-
rounded at both ends or usually oblique at base, commonly
elliptic,
2-3 cm. long, 8-12 mm.
broad; peduncles axillary, elongating, the
flowering portion slightly exceeding the subtending leaf, the lower
pedicels 1.5-2 cm. long; sepals very unequal, the suborbicular inner
ones 6-7 mm. long; petals about 10 mm. long; anthers merely cusped,
two with elongate filaments and slightly exserted; pods shortly
cm. long, about 8 mm. thick, glabrous or
stiped, cylindrical, to 8
nearly. Usually on stony slopes or stream flats. C. indecora HBK.,
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 344. 1824, to which this has been referred, has
subcompressed puberulent pods, oblong-obovate leaflets. Section
Chamaesenna. F.M. Negs. 1654; 28000.
Lima: Above Obrajillo, 3,100 meters, Pennell 14424- Junin:
Tarma, 1033; 3,100 meters, Kittip &
Smith 21811; (Weberbauer,
176). Huacapistana, Killip & Smith 24264- Puerto Yessup,
2629. Huanuco: Without locality, Dombey; Ruiz & Pavon, type.
Ambo, 3194. Maria del Valle, 3559. Chulki, Sawada P60.
Cassia bicapsularis L. Sp. PI. 538. 1753; 525. C. limensis

Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 643. 1783. C. akaparillo HBK. Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 355. 1824.C. Augusti Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 93. 1922.
Adipera bicapsularis (L.) Britton & Rose in Britton & Wilson, Surv.
Porto Rico 5: 370. 1924.
Erect glabrous shrub, ordinarily 2-3 meters high, the leaves
typically with 3-5 pairs of oblong-elliptic or slightly obovate leaflets
with usually a clavate gland between the lowest pair; leaflets 1.5-
3.5 cm. long, 12-15 mm. broad; uppermost racemes often panicled,
the pedicels 5-10 mm. long; calyx usually about 8 mm. long, the
petals a third to half again as long; perfect stamens usually 7, 2
filaments much elongate; pods stiped, subcylindrical or slightly
inflated, straight or nearly, 4-15 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. thick. Since
some specimens of C. bicapsularis, for example, my 2320, have
at least some of the branches with only 2 pairs of leaflets, it seems
preferable to treat C. Augusti as a variety, var. Augusti (Harms)
Macbr., comb. nov. (C. Augusti Harms, I.e.). In Inca the plant is
called "bejuco" and the flexible branches are used to make canastras
(Raimondi). Illustrated, Rock, Leg. PI. Hawaii, pi. 35.
Piura: Olleros, Bonpland, (type, C. akaparillo}. Ancash:

Huarmey, Vargas 1225. Tambo del Pariocota, 2542. Santa, (Rai-
mondi, det. Dahlem, C. Augusti). Amazonas: Mathews 3276.
Huanuco: Huacho, 6-meter tree, Stork & Horton 9399 (det. Standl.).
Huanuco, 2320. Junin: Sprawling shrub in thicket, sandy valley,

La Merced, 5^77 (det. Rose). Tabina, Weberbauer 2030; 248.
Loreto: Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2335; 2499. lea: Below Pampano,
Weberbauer 5368 (type, C. Augusti). Without locality, (Raimondi,
det.Dahlem, C. Augusti). Warm America. "Alcaparillo," "alpa-
quilla."
Cassia biflora L. Sp. PI. 540. 1753; 543. C. nemorosa HBK.

Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 353. 1824. Peiranisia biflora (L.) Pitt. Trab.
Mus. Com. Venez. 3: 158. 1928.
Slenderly branched shrub, sometimes 3 or 4 meters high, glabrate

or the peduncles and younger leaves more or less pilose-puberulent;
leaflets ordinarily 7-10 pairs, the gland between the lowest pair
(sometimes a gland between the two lowest pairs) cylindrical, often

stipitate; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, very variable in size, usually
1.5-3.5 cm. long and about half as broad; flowers 2 (4), the slender
peduncle 2-3.5 cm. long, the pedicels about 1.5 cm. long, these
bracteolate at base; sepals and petals unequal, the former 5-8 mm.
long, the latter 1-2 cm. long; 3 larger stamens rostrate, the 3 or 4
smaller, cusped; pods shortly stiped, usually somewhat falcate,
compressed, bivalvate, 7-15 cm. long, 4-8 mm. broad. In Ayacucho
the leaves are used in fumigation (Raimondi). Section Chamaesenna.
Illustrated, Bot. Reg. 16: pi. 1310.
Cajamarca: Valley Rio Shumba, 700 meters, Weberbauer 6173;

(Raimondi). Jae"n de Bracamoros, Bonpland (type, C. nemorosa).
Cacas, Raimondi. Lima: Atacongo, sprawling shrub 1 meter high,
arid hills, Mexia 04039 (det. Johnst.). Ancash: Near Mato, Rai-
mondi. Ayacucho: Raimondi. South America to the West Indies.
"Pichana," "motay."
Cassia birostris Dombey ex Vog. Syn. Cass. 43. 1837; 540.

Chamaefistula birostris Dombey ex Vog. Linnaea 11: 685. 1837.
Allied to C. arequipensis but the leaflets slightly narrowed to the
obtuse or acutish tips, glabrate or sparsely pilose on the midnerve
beneath, 8 or 9 pairs, the leaf gland below the lower pair, well
developed and stiped; pedicels 8-10 mm. long; petals about 10 mm.
long; stamens of C. arequipensis. It is probable that the character
of this species should be broadened to include C. helveola and perhaps
C. arequipensis; the fruit however is not known and the pubescence
is much sparser, the glands different, the leaflets fewer and somewhat
diverse in shape. F.M. Neg. 1657.

FLORA OP PERU 159
Lima: Cheuchin, Dombey, type. Amazonas: Chiquibamba,

(Raimondi, det. herb. Dahlem with query).
Cassia brachypoda Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 172.

1870; 575.
Similar to C. patellaria but the leaflets only 6-10 pairs, oblong,
12-25 mm. long, pinnately veined from the subcentral midnerve;
sepals 8-10 mm. long, little exceeded
by the larger petals; stamens
very unequal. Bentham
describes with query a var. multijuga
with as many as 15 pairs of mucronate leaflets, the midnerve more
excentric, the stipules smaller. He also suggests and probably
rightly that the earlier name is C. vestita Vog. Syn. Cass. 60. 1837;
Linnaea 11: 711. 1837, remarking that "it agrees with C. brachypoda
in every respect except that the gland is said to be urceolate and
shortly stipitate." F.M. Neg. 1663 (C. vestita).
San Martin: Lamas, (Spruce, det. Benth.). Bolivia; Brazil.
Cassia calvens Macbr., spec. nov.

Suffrutex, humilis, parum ramosus; caulibus adscendentibus circa
1 dm. minutissime puberulis; stipulis anguste lanceolatis vix
altis
2 mm. longis; foliolis 4-6 jugis, paullo oblique obovatis, apice rotun-
dato-truncatis vix mucronulatis, ad 8 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis, e
costa parum excentrica obscure penniveniis, coriaceis, opacis, subtus
obscurissime pulverulentis, glandula parva breviter stipitata; pedi-
cellis circa 5 mm. longis; sepalis membranaceis ad 7 mm. longis;
petalis ad 12 mm. longis; leguminibus suberectis, puberulis.

Affinity not determined, but apparently to be sought in series
Subcoriaceae of section Ckamaecrista.
Peru: Specimen in Field Museum without data, Weberbauer
5496, type.
Cassia Chamaecrista L. Sp. PL 542. 1753; 576. Chamaecrista

Chamaecrista (L.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 44: 12. 1917.
Herbaceous or more or less suffrutescent below, apparently some-
times erect and 1 to several dm. high, glabrous or pubescent; leaflets
8-20 pairs, narrowly oblong, obtuse or acutish, membranous,
pinnately veined, the midnerve little excentric, usually about 12
mm. long, 2 mm.broad, ordinarily lightly puberulent beneath or
on both sides; gland shortly stiped; pedicels short or about as long
as the petioles; stipules linear-setaceous, striate; sepals acutely
acuminate, 4-5 mm. long, the petals about as long; pods to about
4 cm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. The Haught specimen was at one time
referred to C. riparia HBK. of Colombia, erect, with 16-19 pairs
of leaflets and, if distinct, may be that species, the type in fruit,
itspods 4 mm. C. stenocarpa Vog. seems to be another
broad.
form most but the stems spreading pilose; Bentham,
like C. riparia
577, suggested that both these species ought probably to be united

with C. glandulosa. They seem to be doubtfully distinct from C.
Chamaecrista which, according to Britton & Rose, is confined to
the West Indies, Mexico and Colombia and includes only low
herbaceous plants; cf. Britton & Pennell, Bull. Torrey Club 44:
12 & 348. 1917, who first pointed out that the name should apply
to a species with stiped gland. C. mimosoides L., sometimes confused,
is actually Asiatic, with short-cupulate gland, minute leaflets.
Piura: Parinas Valley, Haught F6. Cajamarca: Cayacati,

(Raimondi). Lima: Rio Rimac, (Raimondi). Warm America.
Cassia conjugata R. & P. ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27:

540. 1871.
Glabrous glaucous shrub, the leaves with only 1-2 pairs of broadly
elliptic or slightly obovate, very obtuse leaflets and upper axillary
few-flowered racemes; leaflets sometimes with a few short trichomes
beneath, nearly veinless, about 2 cm. long and half as broad, with
a slender or stipitate shortly conical gland between the single or
lower pair; pedicels only 2-4, 6-16 mm. long; sepals very unequal,
the orbiculate inner 4-6 mm. long; larger petals about 10 mm.
long, the veins more deeply colored; larger anthers with elongate
membranous, slightly arcuate,
filaments, all erostrate; pods plane,
5-7.5 cm. long, 10-12 mm. broad. Low or spreading, the leaves
fleshy. Section Chamaesenna. F.M. Neg. 1676.
Ayacucho: Rio de Lomas and Rio Yauca, Weberbauer 5756.

Arequipa: Atiquipa, (Raimondi) Goodspeed 15635 (det. Johnst.).
;
lea: Tinque, (Raimondi). Without locality, Ruiz & Pavdn. Bolivia.
Cassia Cookii Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.

Fruticosa, exceptis glabra stipulis caduceis; foliolis 3-4
foliolis
jugis (glandula conica inter inferioribus) suboblique oblongo-ellipticis

basi inaequilateralis, apice late rotundatis vel minute retusis circa
2.5 cm. longis, 12 mm. latis vel interdum demum 4 cm. longis circa
2 cm. latis, supra glabris, subtus laxe pilosis; racemis ad apices
ramorum paniculatis ad 1 dm. longis plus minusve recurvatis laxi-
floris; bracteis caducissimis; pedicellis gracilibus 2-2.5 cm. longis;
FLORA OF PERU 161
sepalis oblongo-obovatis membranaceis coloratis circa 7 mm. longis;

petalis late obovatis ad 13 mm. longis; antheris apice cupuliferis
erostratis 2 longe stipitatis; leguminibus compressis, glabris, curvatis
circa 1.5 dm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis. Apparently a very distinct spe-
cies among a group of closely related forms centering perhaps about
C. birostris.
Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1747
(type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Cassia cuneata DC. in Collad. Hist. Cass. 121. 1816; 575.

Habit and stipules of C. repens; leaflets 4-6 pairs, oblong-cuneate,
12 mm. long, about 4 mm. broad, glabrous above, pubescent beneath,
lineately pinnate-veined, the midnerve subcentral, often also with
1-2 lateral nerves from the base; gland subsessile; pedicels 1-3,
about 12 mm. long, pubescent; sepals long, acuminate; petals about
10 mm. long.Description after Bentham, who probably rightly
suggests that this is an earlier name for C. repens. Known only
from the type, without data. F.M. Neg. 7004.
Peru (possibly; cf. note above).
Cassia cushina Macbr., nom. nov. C. andina Rose ex Macbr.

Field Mus. Bot. 8: 93. 1930, not Philippi.
Tree, the branchlet tips, leaf-rachi and peduncles densely yellow-
ish-tomentose; leaves 3 dm. long (probably longer) with 10-14 (or
more) oblong-lanceolate leaflets, these, at least on the type in
flower, membranous, reticulate-veined both sides, glabrous above,
sparsely subappressed-pilose beneath, slightly oblique at the rounded
base, acutely acuminate, the middle ones about 7 cm. long, 2 cm.
broad; racemes axillary in the uppermost leaves, about a third as
long, floriferous only toward the tips; pedicels glabrous, recurving
after anthesis, about 1.5 cm. long; calyx divisions subequal, 10-12
mm. long, glabrous; petals to 15 mm. long, obovate, narrowly clawed,
strongly veined, bright yellow; filaments subequal; larger anthers
arcuate, 10-12 mm. long, the cells acuminately divaricate at base,
finally longitudinally dehiscent, the smaller anthers 5 mm. long;
ovary stiped, glabrate, the arcuate style glabrous. The type was
from a forest tree about 6 meters high with open crown. Since
there is a C. Rosei I have devised the name. C. pistaciaefolia HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 349. 1824, of Ecuador and Colombia has elongat-
ing racemes, short pedicels and leaflets with looser pubescence
beneath.
Huanuco: Cushi, 4825, type.
Cassia cuspidata Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 443. 1809; 551.

HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 349. 1824. C. pistaciaefolia
C. fraxinifolia
var. glabra Benth. I.e.
Glabrous, except for the evanescently hispidulous branchlet tips,

racemes before anthesis and leaflets beneath along the midnerve;
leaflets nearly oblong, slightly oblique and rounded at base, obtuse
or rounded at apex, obscurely or very shortly mucronulate, ordinarily
about 6 cm. long, 18 mm. broad, membranous, light green, paler
beneath, reticulate- veined, glands none; racemes axillary, sometimes
branched, elongating to 2 dm.; pedicels 8-10 mm. long; calyx gla-
brous, the elliptic divisions somewhat colored, about 12 mm. long;
petals shortly clawed, conspicuously nerved, yellow, to nearly 2 cm.
long; anthers erostrate, the larger aristate at base, arcuate, 10-12
mm. long; ovary shortly stiped, glabrous; pods compressed, smooth,
the sutures little enlarged, 7-10 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. broad, the
seeds 'oblong-linear. Near C. pistaciaefolia HBK. of Colombia (cf.

note under C. cushina] and treated by Bentham, 551, as var. glabra
of that species but unless intermediates are found it is probably
distinct, the leaflets of all the Colombian specimens seen being fewer,
broader and pubescent and especially, they have elongating racemes,
the pedicels much shorter than the calyces. The name of Willdenow
is taken up on the basis of Bentham's identification (without ques-
tion) but it is not apt. Cf. C. picta. Section Chamaesenna. F.M.

Neg. 1731.
Cajamarca: Bracamoros, Bonpland, type. River bank west of
Socota, 2,800 meters, shrub to 2.5 meters, Stork &
Horton 10101
(det. Standl. C. Pearcii Benth.). Nancho, Sipian, and Cayacati,
(Raimondi, det. Dahlem as C. pistaciaefolia'). "Mutuy grande."
Cassia fastuosa Willd. ex Vog. Linnaea 11: 654. 1837; 516.

Tree sometimes 15 meters high, the branchlets, petioles and long
inflorescences minutely and sparsely puberulent or glabrate; stipules
semiovate, sagittate, caducous; leaflets 10-20 (25) pairs, oblong,
obliquely truncate or rounded at base, acute, 2.5-5 cm. long, about
15 mm. wide, membranous, glabrous and lustrous above at least in
age, somewhat ashy-puberulent or glabrate beneath; racemes at the
leafless nodes of older branches, lax, simple or branched, often 3 dm.
long; bractsovate-lanceolate, acuminate, mostly persisting at

anthesis; pedicels 2.5-3.5 cm. long; calyx segments oblong-ovate,
obtuse, 10 mm. about 3 cm. long, slenderly
long, petals obovate,
clawed; stamens glabrous, the three larger about as long as the petals,
FLORA OF PERU 163
their filaments medially arcuate, their anthers oval-oblong, the

longitudinally dehiscent cells acuminately divaricate at base, the
7 remaining anthers with straight filaments about half as long as
the petals, the 4 larger dehiscing basally from pores; ovary sericeous
tomentose; pods fleshy, minutely and sparsely tomentulose, sub-
quadrate by the broad obtuse sutures, 10 mm. broad, septate within,
between the transverse seeds. According to Ducke sometimes
cultivated for the beautiful pendent inflorescences of large yellow
flowers. Cf. C. javanica L. under C. fistula. F.M. Neg. 1687.
Rio Acre: Antimary, fide Ducke. Amazonian Brazil.
Cassia felipensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 368. 1824; 576.
Branchlets hirsute- tomentose; leaflets about 12 pairs, little in-
equilateral, linear-oblong, acutish, obliquely cordate at base, lineately
veined,membranous, glabrous or slightly ciliolate and pilose on the
midnerve beneath, the larger 12-14 mm. long, 3 mm. broad; gland
small, sessile, cupulate; stipules lanceolate-subulate, ciliate, 8 mm.
long; peduncles solitary or geminate, bibracteolate, filiform, pubes-
cent, 2 cm. long, with 2 ovate acuminate bracts at their tips; calyx-
lobes oblong-lanceolate acuminate, pubescent without, exceeded by
the larger clawed petals, these about 10 mm. long; ovary sericeous-
pilose. Bentham, I.e., included this apparently with doubt in his
interpretation of C. Chamaecrista.
Cajamarca: San Felipe, Prov. Jae*n de Bracamoros, (Bonpland,
type).
Cassia fistula L. Sp. PI. 540. 1753; 514.
Beautiful tree ordinarily rather low, sometimes 15 meters high,

with the flowers of C. fastuosa, but the bracts caducous before
anthesis, the stipules minute, and the leaflets 4-8 pairs, broadly
ovate or elliptic, obtuse or acutish, rounded or shortly cuneate at
base, glabrous or nearly so, conspicuously reticulate and closely
parallel-veined both sides, 7-10 cm. long or longer; pods pendent,
3-6 dm. long, 1.5-2 cm. thick, cylindrical, smooth, the pulp pleas-
antly sweet.
This, the "Golden Shower" in cultivation, is a native of tropical
Asia, and is a source of "cassia" (extracted from the pulp of the pods),
an active ingredient of many purgatives; the heartwood is extremely
hard. The white and pink flowered C. javanica L. (which according
to Degener sometimes hybridizes with C. fistula) has short erect
inflorescences with persisting bracts and smaller oblong-oval leaflets.
Both species illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
Cajamarca: Maranon Valley, in river thickets, (Weberbauer, 155).

Tropical Asia.
Cassia flavicoma HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 366. 1824; 576.
Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 448. 1832. Chamaecrista flavicoma
C. stipulate, G.
(HBK.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 32. 1899.
Slender-stemmed shrub a meter or more high, the branchlets

densely and softly yellowish-villous with spreading trichomes, this
pubescence extending in some degree to the leaf-rachi, slender
peduncles and young pods; leaflets about 12-16 pairs, oblong,
typically somewhat pubescent both sides, sometimes glabrous,
oblique at base, rounded or truncate but mucronate at apex, 1-2 cm.
long, 3.5-6 mm. broad, the midnerve moderately excentric, closely
lineate-veined both sides; gland stipitate; stipules lanceolate, acumi-
nate, striate, conspicuously persisting; peduncles solitary or geminate,
bracteate, filiform; calyx somewhat pilose, the scariosely margined
divisions 10-12 mm. long, slightly exceeded by the shortly clawed
petals;pods lightly pilose, 6 cm. long, 6 mm. broad. Type from the
Orinoco River. F.M. Neg. 1688.
Huanuco: Chinchao, Raimondi; Ruiz &
Pavon (probably, type
C. stipulata}. Yanano, open shrub, 1 meter, sunny slopes, 3813 (det.
Rose, C. stipulata}. Junin: Palca, (Weberbauer, 248). Ayacucho:
Near Rio Apurimac, 600 meters, Weberbauer 5633; Killip & Smith
22315; 23223. Cuzco: Machu-picchu, Soukup 1^5. Venezuela.
Cassia fruticosa Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 10. 1768; 521. Cha-
maefistula fruticosa (Mill.) Pittier in Trab. Mus. Com. Venez. 3: 152.
1928. Cassia bacillaris L. f. Suppl. 231. 1781. Chamaefistula bacil-
laris (L. f.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 451. 1832.
Shrub or small tree, the younger branchlets, petioles and short

compact panicles more or less ashy-puberulent including the flowers;
gland stout, conical, only between the lower and somewhat smaller
of the 2 pairs of inequilateral leaflets, these typically dull and
glabrous above, and glabrous or minutely puberulent beneath, acute
or acuminate, commonly about 1 (to rarely 2) dm. long, 3-5 cm.
wide; pedicels 2-3 cm. long; bracts promptly caducous; sepals 8-12
mm. long; petals light yellow, obovate, clawed, 2-3 cm. long;
stamens subequal; ovary and style incurved, ashy-strigose to the
clavate tip; pods terete, shortly pediceled, apiculate, 1-3 dm. long,
nearly 1 cm. thick, dehiscing along the inner suture, the seeds sur-
rounded by pulp. The Peruvian form, possibly a distinct species,
FLORA OF PERU 165
may be known as var. Benthamiana Macbr., var. nov., ramulis

subangulatis; foliolis supra nitidulis utrinque praecipue subtus plus
minusve pilosis 3-7 (8) cm. longis, 2.5^4.5 cm. latis, obtusis vel
breviter acutis. Type, Williams 566.
The following material was in part named C. chrysocarpa Desv.
523, which has afiliform glabrous style, the ovary pubescence yellow
and much smaller leaflets (2-6 cm. X1-2.5 cm.), the lower with a
slender oblong gland. As noted by Bentham, I.e. 522, the affinity
is rather with C. fruticosa or C. oxyphylla Kunth, 521, the latter a
more northern species known from as near as Ecuador with the ample
acuminate leaves of typical C. fruticosa often however pilose beneath
(C. Hartwegi Benth.) but with sepals only 6-8 mm. long, petals only
10-16 mm. long. Accordingly Bentham's suggestion that the
Peruvian plant "may be considered perhaps as a broad-leaved
pubescent variety of C. bacillaris" (i.e. C. fruticosa) seems to be as
good a disposition as any and the variety may appropriately bear
the great monographer's name. C. puberula HBK. of Colombia with
appressed puberulence has been reduced to C. fruticosa; it however
apparently has persisting stipules and axillary racemes, characters
that suggest C. affinis and C. latifolia. In this connection it may
be remarked that C. speciosa Schrad., 524, with rather similar leaflets
and pubescence has the 3 lower stamens with conspicuously elongate
filaments and therefore is not the Peruvian plant nor indeed the
Colombian one to which Britton and Killip referred material.
About 4 meters high. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2. pi. 31 ;
Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: pi. 62.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 1591 (det. Benth. as var.).

Balsas, Weberbauer 4277. Loreto: Near Iquitos, Klug 1029;
Williams 7905 (distr. as C. viminea) Mexia 6501
; Pebas, Williams
.
1762. Balsapuerto, Klug 2917. Rio Nanay, Williams 566. Rio

Mazan, Williams 89; Jose Schunke 165. To Yucatan and the West
Indies. "Retamillo," "retama comun," "amargo-caspi," "lluichu-
vainilla" (Mexia).
Cassia glandulosa L. Sp. PI. 542. 1753; 576. Chamaecrista

glandulosa (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 286. 1899.
Low shrub usually only a dm. or two high, with spreading, often
arcuate branches, the flowering, conspicuously stipulate branchlets
finely puberulent; leaflets usually 10-16 pairs, oblong, oblique at
base, rounded and minutely mucronulate at apex, glabrous or beneath
somewhat puberulent, closely parallel-veined, the midnerve little
excentric, 1-1.5 (2)cm. long, usually 3-4 mm. broad, gland distinctly
stiped; peduncles short with usually 2-3 long-pediceled flowers; sepals
lanceolate, acuminate, about 9 mm. long, puberulent, the largest
petal to 1.5 cm. long; pods lightly pilose, 3-5 cm. long, about 5 mm.
broad. Var. Swartzii (Wickstr.) Macbr. is a form with 2 petiolar
glands, fide Amshoff, On S. Am. Papil. 27. 1939. The Peruvian
specimens seem to be indistinguishable from the typical form of the
West Indies which according to Britton & Killip is restricted to
Jamaica. Illustrated, Bot. Mag. 62. pi 3435; Addisonia 13. pi 444.
(var. Swartzii).
Huancavelica: Shrub- wood about 2,200 meters, Mantaro Valley
and Mejorada, Stork & Horton 10411; 10444; 10914 (det. Standl.
C. Chamaecrista). Cuzco: Acomayo, Vargas 211 (det. Standl.).
Valle del Apurimac, Herrera 1184; 3054; 3056. Valle del Urubamba,
Herrera 906b. Probably widely distributed. "Huaranguillo,"
"mutui," "motuy," "kjeshua-surpuy."
Cassia grandis L. f. Suppl. 230. 1791; 515.

Allied to C. fastuosa but ashy or rusty-puberulent-tomentose,
especially on the leaflets beneath, the anthers pilose, the three larger
extended beyond the longer roseate petals, these to 14 mm. long;
pods ligneous, fleshy, roughened by the cross veins, 4-6 dm. long,
3.5 cm. broad. The pods, known as "Horse Cassia" and other names
indicative of the fetid odor, are used as those of C. fistula, the pulp
disagreeably scented. Widely cultivated. Illustrated, Trop. Agric.
25: 496. (fr.); Macmillan, Trop. Card. & PI. ed. 3, 85.
Peru: Ucayali, Tessmann 3193. Colombia to the West Indies.
Cassia Haughtii Macbr., spec. nov.

Fruticosa circa 1 m. alta; foliis breviter petiolatis eglandulosis,
glabris circa 1.5 dm. longis, circa 9-jugis; foliolis petiolulatis, oblongis
fere basi paullo oblique rotundatis apice obtusis obscure mucro-
nulatis 3-4 cm. longis, 12-15 mm. latis, membranaceis; racemis
brevibus (circa 7 cm. longis), pedicellis ad 3 cm. longis minute pilosis;
bracteis caducis, sepalis ut videtur coloratis membranaceis oblongis
obtusis ad 11 mm. longis; petalis nerviis prominulis exceptis glabris
circa 18 mm. longis; staminibus perfectis 8 aequalibus; leguminibus
tenue acute apiculatis, valde compressis, puberulo-pilosis.
stipitatis,
The pods are probably half mature, about 1 dm. long, 12 mm.
wide, apparently membranous, the medial row of seeds barely
obvious; the species may be related to C. picta G. Don, 552, of
FLORA OF PERU 167
Ecuador and the Galapagos, the line of seeds elevated, the leaflets
larger; it is much like C. siamea Lam., 549, cultivated in warm regions,
its leaves and sepals fleshy-coriaceous. The type is scrappy and
the leaflets are somewhat deformed by disease and perhaps reduced
in size.
Piura: Saucecito, 40 miles north of Sullano, Haught F10, type.

Cerro Viento Ridge, Haught 62.
Cassia helveola Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 91. 1930.
Shrub, sometimes 2 meters high, the branchlets, petioles and

inflorescencemore or less densely shortly and softly rusty-pubescent;
leaflets mostly 8-12 pairs, oblong-elliptic, rounded at both ends,
1.5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, glabrous or nearly above except the
midnerve, subappressed pilose beneath; glands convex, between the

two lower pairs of leaflets or often none; stipules minute, setaceous;
racemes few-flowered; peduncles 3-6 cm. long, pedicels slender,
about 1.5 cm. long; bractlets acuminate; sepals colored, pilose, 4 mm.
long, the petals twice as long or longer; pods stiped, to 9 cm. long,
1 cm. broad, sparsely setose and minutely puberulent. The speci-
mens from Huancavelica, as is so often the case, diverge somewhat
from those from central or southern Peru; in this instance they may
become var. huancavensis Macbr., var. nov., sepalis leviter pilosis
vel glabratis; antheris mediocriter inaequalibus. Type, Weberbauer
7608. Section Chamaesenna.
Ancash: Huaraz, 2526. Huancavelica: Montaro Valley, Weber-
bauer 7608 (var.). Globose clumps, gravelly hillsides, Pampas,
Stork & Horton 10230 (var.). Huanuco: Yanahuanca, 1183, type.
Cassia hirsuta L. Sp. PL 378. 1753; 534. Ditremexa hirsuta

(L.) Britton & Rose in Britton & Wilson, Surv. Porto Rico 5: 372.
1924.
Conspicuously pilose-hirsute (even to the calyces) fetid herb,

often woody toward the base, the erect stems sometimes a meter
or more high;
leaflets usually 5 pairs, ovate-oblong-lanceolate, slightly
oblique at base, acuminate, membranous, 4-9 cm. long, about 3 cm.

broad; gland near base of petiole cylindrical; racemes axillary or
terminal, densely few-flowered; pedicels to 1 cm. long; sepals 6-10
mm. long, the orange petals 10-14 mm.
long; perfect stamens 6;
ovary villous; pods narrowly linear, arcuate, 1.5-2 dm. long, 4-6 mm.
broad. Section Oncolobium. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:
pi. 34.
Cajamarca: (Raimondi). San

Cayacate, Martin: Lamas,
Williams 6386. San Roque, Williams 7090. Moyobamba, King
3604- Lima: Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped. Junin: Tarma, Ruiz &
Pavdn. La Merced, 5256. Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, 1,000
meters, (H err era 3491). Valle de Lares, Diehl 2403. Echarate, Prov.
Convention, Goodspeed 10489. Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1549.
Warm America. "Asnacjcora" (C. & G.).
Cassia Hoffmanseggii Mart, ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,
pt. 2: 104. 1870; 524.

Small tree or tall shrub, the terete often tortuous upper branch-
lets and leaflets beneath minutely puberulent (scarcely visible except
with lens) or glabrous; leaflets 4, ovate, little oblique, shortly acumi-
nate, rounded at base, lustrous above, reticulate-veiny both sides,
the upper pair usually 7-12 cm. long, 4-6 cm. broad; gland ovate or
conical, obtuse; stipulespromptly caducous; flowers few, yellow, in
a short terminal panicle; sepals nearly glabrous, the broadly ovate
inner 12 mm. long; petals 2.5-3 cm. long, broadly ovate with slender
claw; 3 stamens conspicuously larger and rostrate, the 4 intermediate
ones 6-8 mm. long, truncate; ovary glabrous or obscurely puberulent;
pods more than 2 dm. long, nearly 2 cm. broad, finally dehiscing,
the coriaceous valves finely transverse- veined. Killip & Smith
27392, Iquitos, in young fruit, noted by collectors as a "herbaceous
vine," probably is a young plant or shade form of this species. F.M.
Neg. 6328.
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Mathews 1589, det. Benth.). Amazonian
Brazil to Guiana.
Cassia Hookeriana Gill, ex H. & A. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3:

210. 1833; 539. C. versicolor Meyen ex Vog. Syn. Cass. 29. 1837.
Shrub, 1-3 meters high, glabrous or the densely leafy sulcately

angled branchlets sparsely glandular and evanescently pubescent
toward the tips; stipules narrow, acuminate, caducous or sub-
persisting; leaflets 8-9 pairs (or fewer), oblong, rounded at both
ends but slightly oblique at base, usually 2-3 cm. long, about 8 mm.
wide, pale green above, discolored beneath; well-developed clavate-
filiform glands only between the first or sometimes also second
leaflets; racemes about as long or shorter than the leaves with 2-3
or several flowers; pedicels about 1 cm. long; sepals 5 long; mm.
petals about 8 mm.
long; 3 stamens only slightly longer than the
remaining fertile 4; ovary more or less pubescent, soon glabrous;
FLORA OF PERU 169
pods 7 cm. long, 15 mm. broad, membranous, attenuate at base

into stipe scarcely 5 mm. long. Type from Argentina but there
seems to be no essential difference between material from there and
Bolivian and southern Peruvian specimens. It is probable that
the Raimondi collections (det. Dahlem) are referable rather to
C. latopetiolata, which however may not be distinct.
According to Herrera the shrub furnishes an excellent fire-wood
and the flowers are used by the native people in salads. Illustrated,
Jorgensen, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. 28: 503 (veg.). F.M.
Neg. 1766.
Amazonas: Prov. Luya, (Raimondi). Libertad: Palmabal to
Uningambal, (Raimondi). Cuzco: San Sebastian, rocky canyon,
3,300 meters, Pennell 13600. Huatanay canyon, (Weberbauer 181,
as C. latopetiolata). Colinas del Rodadero, Vargas 3133. Torontoy,
2,500 meters, (Herrera 906 A}. Sicuani, 3,550 meters, Hicken;
Cook & Gilbert 91. Saxaihuaman, 3,500 meters, (Weberbauer).
Valle del Paucartambo, (Herrera 236, as C. latopetiolata). Puno:
Lake Titicaca, Meyen (type, C. versicolor). Near Puno, 4,000 meters,
Soukup 405. Fimahuaca, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem, C. latopetiolata).
Baja Isla, Lake Titicaca, 3,825 meters, Mexia 04260 (det. Johnst.
C. latopetiolata). To Argentina; Chile. "Mutui," "motuy,"
"saligua."
Cassia huancabambae Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 94. 1922.

Sprawling shrub similar to C. biflora; leaflets 3-4 pairs, short-
oblong or slightly obovate, 4-10 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, the slender
stiped gland between the lowest pair often deciduous; peduncles
1-2 cm. long, the 1-2 (3) pedicels 7-10 mm. long; ovary finely seri-
ceous; pods puberulent or glabrate, 7-8 cm. long, 5-6 mm. thick.
-F.M. Neg. 1693.
Piura: In open formation, valley of the rivers, Huancabamba,
1,700 meters, Weberbauer 6285, type.
Cassia incarnata Pa von ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 545.

1871.
Shrub, 1-3 meters high, the branchlet tips, petioles and short
inflorescences lightly pilose-puberulent; stipules falcate, aristate,
subpersisting; leaflets oblong, rounded at both ends (the base
oblique), petiolulate, 12-20 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, in age glabrous
or nearly beneath, obscurely veined; peduncles axillary, shorter
than the leaves, bracteolate apically and there bearing, pseudo-
umbellately, 3-7 bright yellow flowers on pedicels about 2 cm. long;

sepals thin, the inner orbicular ones 6-8 mm. long; largest petal
nearly 2 cm. long; larger anthers narrowly rostrate; pods plane,
margined, 7-10 cm. long, 5 mm. broad. F.M. Neg. 28006.
Lima: Without locality, Ruiz & Pawn. Atocongo, open calca-
reous hills, Pennell 14748. Matucana, flowers a clear bright yellow,
384 (det. Rose). Bolivia; Ecuador.
Cassia laevigata Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 441. 1809; 527.

Chamaefistula laevigata G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 452. 1832. Adipera
laevigata (Willd.) Britton & Rose in Britton & Wilson, Surv. Porto
Rico 5: 537. 1924.
Slender glabrous shrub, rarely semi-scandent, the branches or
stems herbaceous above, often a meter or two high; leaflets 3-5
pairs, with slender or conical glands between at least the lower
pairs, ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, mostly 3-7 cm. long, about
2.5 cm. broad, membranous, light green; stipules subulate, caducous;
racemes upper axillary, the flowers crowded; sepals colored, 6-10
mm. long, the bright yellow petals to 16mm. long; pods subsessile,
cylindrical, usually dehiscing along one margin, beaked by the
persisting style, 6-9 cm. long, about 1 cm. thick. Var. scandens
Bentham is apparently the form of San Martin allied to C. bicap-
sularis. Illustrated, Rock, Leg. PI. Hawaii, pi. 34. F.M. Negs.
1795; 32083 (var.).
Lima: Chosica, river bottom shrubs, 2860. San Martin: Near
Moyobamba, King 3674 (var.). Tarapoto, Spruce 3925 (type, var.
scandens). Apurimac: Abancay, fence rows, Goodspeed 10634;
Vargas 745. Cuzco: Valle del Apurimac, (Herrera 1178).
Cassia latifolia G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 166. 1818;

522.
Shrub or tree-like, the upper branches more or less climbing when
growing in forests, strongly angled, puberulent as the petioles and
short inflorescences; gland between the first pair of leaflets broadly
conical, obtuse, thatbetween the upper much smaller or wanting;
the larger terminal ones 12-16 cm. long, 5-9 cm.
leaflets ovate-oblong,
broad, rather obtusely acuminate, rounded or somewhat cordate at

the more or less oblique base, subcoriaceous, lustrous and con-
spicuously reticulate- veined both sides, often discolored and obscurely
puberulent at least on the nerves beneath; flowers intensely yellow
to orange, the pedicels about 2 cm. long or longer; sepals colored,
FLORA OP PERU 171
1-1.5 cm. long; petals obovate, clawed, 2-3 cm. long; fertile stamens
subequal, bluntly cusped; style incurved-clavate apically; pods
semi-ligneous to 3 dm. long, 1 cm. thick, dehiscing along the upper
suture at maturity. The typical form readily recognized by broad,
almost foliaceous stipules, but the forma falcistipula Ducke (var.
falcistipula Ducke) has much narrower smaller stipules and in this
character then simulates C. quinquangulata.
San Martin: San Roque, Williams 7633. Near Moyobamba,
King 3582. Ayacucho: Rio Apurimac Valley, Killip & Smith 22939.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3000. ^Rio Acre: (Ducke 4252).
Amazonian Brazil.
Cassia latopetiolata Dombey ex Vog. Syn. Cass. 29. 1837; 539.

Like C. Hookeriana, and probably should be treated as a geo-
graphical variety, but the larger anthers extend to about their own
length above the smaller, and the pods are more abruptly stiped,
7-11 cm. long, 12 mm. broad; stipules various, sometimes ovate,
caducous or persisting; leaflets 8-12 pairs; petals to 12 mm. long.
Variable in development of leaf-glands. F.M. Neg. 1698.
Cajamarca: Celendin, 2,625 meters, Woytkowski 6. Lima: Rio
Blanco, large clumps, steep hillside, 772. Chicla, (Raimondi) .
Junin: Tarma, 1074; Killip &

Smith 21886; Ruiz &
Pavdn; Dombey.
Vicinity La Oroya, Kalenborn 146. Huanuco: Llata, compact
1-meter shrub, 2247. Chavanillo, tree to 4 meters, 1978. Huanta,
(Raimondi). Bolivia; Ecuador. "Tumbo," "sayigua."
Cassia leiandra Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 94. pi. 30.
1870; 516.
Allied to C. grandis and similar but the fragrant flowers bright
yellow, the petals typically 16-18 mm. long, the anthers glabrous,
the ovary shortly villous, and the pods less compressed, torulose
between the smooth sutures, about 2 cm. thick. The Peruvian
material, at least mostly, is var. peruviana Macbr., var. nov., a
planta typica foliolis 2.5-3.5 cm. longis, circa 1 cm. latis, floribus
minoribus, petalis vix 1 cm. longis differt. Jose Schunke 336, type.
C. moschata HBK. is similar but the ovary is glabrous; C. rubriflora
Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 110. 1922, Brazil, has unequal
petals, blood-red except the larger, and opaque leaflets that are
sparsely puberulent above as well as beneath.
Loreto: Upper Maranon, Tessmann 4240 (det. Harms affine).
Middle Ucayali, Tessmann 5455 (det. Harms). Florida, Klug 2321
(var.). Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 336 (var.). Brazil. "Jacaranda,"

"marimari."
Cassia leiophylla Vog. Syn. Cass. 25. 1837; 542. Vogelocassia

leiophylla (Vog.) Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 259. 1930.
Slender shrub, glabrous, puberulent or softly pubescent, the leaves
with 2-3 pairs of broadly obovate apically rounded but minutely
mucronulate leaflets, the gland between the first pair narrowly
oblong; stipules linear-setaceous, often about 1 cm. long, more or
less persisting or small and caducous; larger leaflets usually about
5 cm. long, 3 cm. broad; peduncles in the upper axils, 1 cm. long,
1-2-flowered, the pedicels finally 2.5 cm. long or longer; sepals
membranous, the larger 10-12 mm. long, the larger petal 2-2.5 cm.
long; pods subsessile, arcuate, to 12 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, sparsely
puberulent or glabrate, the margins nerviform. Var. pubescens
Benth. apparently differs only in being softly pubescent. Section
Chamaesenna. F.M. Neg. 1701.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4299. San Roque, Williams
7257. Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23805. Colonia Perene",
Killip & Smith 24967. Brazil Central America; Mexico. "Retanilla."
;
Cassia leptocarpa Benth. Linnaea 22: 528. 1849; 531. Ditre-

mexa leptocarpa (Benth.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 256.
1930.
Slender fetid shrub, herbaceous above, glabrous or more or less

hirsute especially on the leaflets beneath and then particularly
resembling C. hirsuta but the pods rarely more than 3 mm. broad,
to 2.5 dm. long, and the seeds oblique. The pubescent form is var.
hirsuta Benth.
Peru: (fide Bentham). Brazil to New Mexico.
Cassia loretensis Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.

Frutex vel arbor; ramulis teretibus, striatis junioribus breviter
pilosis; foliolis bijugis (glandula conica inter inferioribus) oblique

oblongo-ellipticis breviter acuminatis plerumque 1-2 dm. longis,
6-12 cm. latis interdum minoribus, subtus plus minusve pilosis,
supra glabris, nitidis, utrinque reticulate- venosis; racemis axillaribus
subcorymbosis vel ad apices ramorum subpaniculatis, 5-14 cm.
longis, flavescente puberulo-pilosis; pedicellis 2-3 cm. longis; sepalis
oblongo-obovatis, membranaceis, paullo nervatis 10-12 mm. longis;
petalis late obovatis ad 2 cm. longis, 12-15 mm. latis, in unguem
FLORA OF PERU 173
brevem contractis; antheris subaequalibus 6-7 mm. longis; legumini-

bus torulosis. Nearly C. affinis Benth., 520, but leaflets more
definitely acuminate, pubescence denser and softer, petals, when
fully grown, larger. The leaflets are often shorter than 1 dm.,
especially on the specimens from Tarapoto, and the lower pair is
usually half as large as the upper. We
had indicated the plant as
a variety of Bentham's but that seems to have somewhat angled
branchlets and the young pods of C. loretensis suggest that they
may furnish a further distinction between the species. The speci-
mens were distributed as C. chrysocarpa Desv., C. viminea L., C.
macrophylla Kunth, all different. The relationship is probably
with C. obliqua and C. Ruiziana with similar pods and we are not
certain that the Tarapoto specimens belong to our species. It
sometimes attains 10 meters.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5459; 5541; 5828; 6125; 6237.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 206, type. Fortaleza, near
Yurimaguas, King 2776. "Retama," "flor de cafia."
Cassia lucens Vog. Syn. Cass. 46. 1837; 549. C. racemosa Mill.
Gard. Diet. ed. 8: no. 19. 1768, as to Peru.
Tree, sometimes 10 meters high, the leaves with 8-10 pairs of
petiolulate oblong-lanceolate acuminate leaflets, typically obliquely
rounded at base, ordinarily 5-10 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. broad, glabrous
and lustrous above, glabrate or pilose-puberulent beneath, the glands
obsolete or lacking; racemes paniculate, the inflorescence usually
ample and much exceeding the leaves, rusty-puberulent or the
calyces glabrous; sepals 7-10 mm. long, the larger inner ones mem-
branous; petals 1-2 cm. long, clawed, obviously unequal; 3 larger
stamens about half again as long as the 4 cusped smaller ones and
somewhat rostrate; pods oblong, straight, compressed, lustrous,
membranous, 1.5 dm. long or longer, about 2 cm. broad. The
application of Miller's name, based on a plant from Cartagena,
Colombia, with only 5 pairs of leaflets, appears not to have been
determined. C. racemosa var. tenuifolia Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4:
564. 1906, now of necessity C. lucens var. tenuifolia (Huber)
Macbr., comb, nov., has, according to Huber, thin membranous
larger leaflets acute at base, distinctly and obtusely acuminate
and mucronate, the flowers smaller. C. siamea Lam. of tropical
Asia and commonly cultivated in warm regions is similar but has
coriaceous sepals and pods. Determinations, except as noted, by
Standley. Section Chamaesenna.
San Martin: Pongo de Caiharachi, Klug 2624. Chazuta, Klug

4039. Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 2862. Caballo-cocha, Wittiams
2070; 2199. La Victoria, Williams 2608; 2897 (det. Harms). Yuri-
maguas, Klug 2799; Killip & Smith 27934; Williams 3863; 7849;
Mexia 6074- Canchahuaya (Huber, var.). Tropical South America.
Cassia macrophylla Kunth, Mimoseae 126. pi. 38. 1819; 519.

Chamaefistula macrophylla G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 451. 1842. Chamae-
fistula gigantifolia Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35:
171. 1936 as to Peru.
Shrub or small slender tree with terete branchlets and ample

leaves, the 2 pairs of broadly ovate acuminate leaflets with a stout
gland between the lower; petioles, peduncles and short axillary or
supra-axillary racemes minutely puberulent or glabrate as the leaf-
letsbeneath, these membranous, slightly lustrous above, reticulate-
veined, obliquely rounded at base, ordinarily 2-3 dm. long, 1-1.5
dm. broad; peduncle 1-3 cm. long, the pedicels 1-3 cm. long or longer,
crowded together; sepals 6-8 mm. long, obtuse, drying blackish
and conspicuously elevate- veined, usually also somewhat reticulate;
petals clawed, 16-20 mm. long, venose; anthers 7, subequal, the
3 slightly larger cusped; ovary.minutely puberulent, the style apically
clavate. Non-inundated secondary forest, to 4 meters high, the
flowers pale yellow; stipules setaceous but often on same branch,
foliaceous; pods 2.5 dm. long, slender, torulose (Ducke). Flowers
often borne on the older stems. F.M. Negs. 1706; 32087.
San Martin: Tocache, Poeppig 1950.- Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay,
Williams 365; 384; 532 (det. Standl., C. viminea). Rio Itaya,
Williams 50. Near Iquitos, Klug 279 (distr. as Ch. gigantifolia);
Klug 1014; Killip & Smith 27126; Ducke 1.6986. Rio Mazan,
Jose Schunke 207 (det. Standl., C. bacillaris). Brazil; Colombia;
Venezuela. "Yana-huira."
Cassia multijuga Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 108. 1792;
546.
Small or medium-sized tree (rarely 20 meters tall), the leaves

with many (18^40) pairs of oblong obtuse leaflets, the stipules
usually setaceous and deciduous or those in the often showy inflores-
cences more persisting and bract-like, the racemes usually in ample
terminal panicles; leaflets apparently very variable in size, 1.5 cm.
long, 4 mm. broad, or usually about 3 cm. long or longer, and 1 cm.
broad, glabrous or glabrate above, paler and glabrous to densely
FLORA OF PERU 175
puberulent-pilose beneath, usually with a rather slender gland

between the first pair; pedicels 1-2 cm. long; larger inner sepals
4-6 mm. long; petals often very unequal, to 2 cm. long, puberulent
without on the nerves or glabrous; 3 anthers slenderly beaked,
7-9 mm. long, the 4 much shorter intermediate ones cusped, bipored,
subsessile; pods plane, margined, 1-2 dm. long, 12-18 mm. broad.
Flowers deep yellow, odorless (Woytkowski). Var. Lindleyana
(Gardner) Benth. is the form with soft rusty pubescence. Section
Chamaesenna. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 37.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4147 (var. det. M. Arg.). Lamas,
Williams 6458 (var.). Huanuco: Shapajillo, 630 meters, Woytkow-
ski 6. Junin: Puerto Yessup, Killip & Smith 2641 (det. Harms).
Pichis Trail, Killip & Smith 26208. Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jos6
Schunke 2 (det. Harms). Mishuyacu, Klug 1396 (det. Harms).
Pebas, Williams 1754- Brazil to the Guianas. "Pashaca," "sin-
espina," "quillo-sisa."
& P. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 451. 1832; 519.

Cassia obliqua R.
Chamaefistula obliqua R. & P. I.e. Chamaefistula elegans R. & P.
I.e. Cassia peruviana Vog. Syn. Cass. 40. 1837.
Shrubby, the upper branches subherbaceous or more or less climb-

ing, glabrous or minutely puberulent on the younger parts; leaflets 2
pairs, ovate-elliptic, shortly acuminate, strongly oblique at base,
the terminal 10-12 cm. long, 5-5.5 cm. broad, the lower pair about
half as large and with a narrow gland between them, lustrous,
membranous or subcoriaceous in age, reticulate- veined both sides;
stipules minute, setaceous; peduncles axillary, several to 10 cm.
long, the few pedicels approximate, 2-3 cm. long; sepals narrowly
ovate, 6-8 mm. long; petals clawed, subequal, to 18 mm. long;
stamens of C. macrophylla, the 3 lower somewhat larger on longer
filaments; pods subterete, rounded at both ends, aristate at tip by
the persisting style, 5 cm. long or longer, about 1 cm. thick, torulose.
C. scandens R. & P., type from Guayaquil, is probably not distin-
guishable.F.M. Neg. 1715.
Huanuco: Mufia, Ruiz & Pawn, type. Near Muna, 4186.
Cassia occidentalis L. Sp. PI. 539. 1753; 532. Ditremexa

& Rose in Britton & Wilson, Surv. Porto
occidentalis (L.) Britton
Rico 5: 372. 1924.
With many of the characters of C. hirsutabut the broadly ovate
stipules caducous, the gland tuberculiform; pods glabrous, 5-7 mm.
broad. Resembles also C. laevigata, except that the gland is not

between the first pair of leaflets. Weedy type of plant with a rather
disagreeable odor, widely distributed. The seeds, roasted, have been
used as a substitute for coffee (Ducke). Williams specimens deter-
mined by Standley. Section Oncolobium. Illustrated, Degener, Fl.
Hawaii.
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Raimondi) Williams 5898. Lima: (Rai-
;
mondi}. Loreto: Rio Nanay, Williams 401; 1251 and others. San
Salvador, Williams 1566. Yurimaguas, Williams 4026. Near
Iquitos, Klug 283; 1425; Williams 1437. La Victoria, Williams
4025. Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2125. Rio Itaya, Williams 3270.
Barrancosof thellcayali, (Huber). Tropical regions. "Aya-poroto,"
"ayak-poroto," "aya-parotillo," "retama," "retamilla," "achpu-
poroto."
Cassia pallidifolia Macbr., spec. nov.

Frutex vel arbor; ramis teretibus; foliolis ut videtur bijugis
(glandula crassa inter inferioribus), glabris, oblique oblongis, longe
et acute acuminatis, 2 dm. longis, 8 cm. latis, subchartaceis, paullo
nitidulis subtus distincte pallidioribus, venis primariis elevatis
venulis reticulatisque; racemis axillaribus (ut videtur caulifloris)
brevibus; pedunculis et pedicellis 2-2.5 cm. longis, sparse puberu-
lis; sepalis oblongis coriaceis, margine scariosis laevibus, glabris
6 mm. longis; petalis oblongo-obovatis 10-12 mm. longis, venis
exceptis glabris; antheris 5 mm. longis, glabris vix inaequalibus.
Notwithstanding the incomplete and broken character of the
material it seems desirable to give this plant a name here; its relation-
ship is evidently with C. Ruiziana as was suggested by Harms but
as indicated its leaves and sepals are at variance in character. The
solitary leaf, however, must be abnormal; the petiole was apparently
injured and in healing produced a secondary stalk with a pair of
long-petioled leaflets forming thus a bipinnate leaf; in the first
abnormal axis and between the first leaflets on the secondary stalk
there is a stipule. There appears to be the gland, as usual in this
group, between the first pair of leaflets, on the normal portion of
the leaf.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Carlos Schunke 62, type.
Cassia patellaria DC. in Collad. Hist. Cass. 125. pi. 16. 1816;
578. Chamaecrista patellaria DC. I.e.
Short-lived perennial more or less lignescent below, well marked

among species of section Chamaecrista by the dense pubescence of
FLORA OF PERU 177
somewhat curved trichomes that extends even to the calyces and

the small flowers, these only 5-6 mm. long, the petals and acuminate
sepals subequal; leaflets 10-25 pairs, oblong, linear, mucronate,
10-15 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, with 3-4 lateral nerves, the mid-
nerve very excentric; gland 1 or sometimes 2, sessile, depressed;
peduncles short, the flowers few; bracts striate, 4-6 mm. long, the
bractlets about half as long; pods slightly curved, narrowly oblong,
2.5 cm. long, 3 mm. broad. Cf. notes under C. Chamaecrista,
C. Pennelliana. Determinations by Harms. Illustrated, Med.
Algem. Proefst. Landb. no. 16. pi. 2.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6522. Junin: Chanchamayo

Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Rai-
Valley, Schunke 1404,' 1405; 1418.
mondi). South America and the West Indies.
Cassia Pavoniana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 447. 1832; 577.

Resembles C. glandulosa but the gland shortly and stoutly stiped;
strict shrub with virgate erect pubescent somewhat flexuous branches,
the leaves with 10-20 pairs of oblong cuspidate nerved leaflets,
glabrous or nearly both sides, coriaceous, the midnerve excentric,
about 10 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad; flowers solitary or geminate,
showy, like those of C. glandulosa. Bentham included this plant
in C. glandulosa and could readily be treated as a variety, but
it
it seems from habit and character of gland to be as well marked
as the other forms segregated. Harms referred the following col-

lections to C. Chamaecrista sens. lat. C. flexuosa L. with flexuous
stems has broad stipules, narrower usually more numerous leaflets,
sessile gland.
Cajamarca: Near Socota, 2,800 meters, Stork & Horton 10103

(det. doubtful). Lima: Chosica, 2853. Near Callao and Lima,
Wilkes Exped. Huanuco: Near Huanuco, 8541; Ruiz & Pav6n,
type. Mito, 3260. Junin: Huacapistana, Kittip & Smith 24239(1}.
Cassia Pearcii Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 552. 1871.

Similar to C. cuspidata but completely glabrous, the leaflets
rather thin but rigid and tipped with a seta 3 mm. long; sepals
petaloid, petals yellow, beautifully marked by the contrasting veins
and veinlets; larger anthers 14-16 mm. long, aristately sagittate
at base, the 4 intermediate 6 mm. long, the 3 staminodia deltoid;
pods (immature) shortly stiped, to 9 cm. long, 15 mm. broad,
membranous, lustrous, marked by the septae of the transverse seeds
and seemingly wing-margined by the attenuate tissue. The pods
resemble those of C. picta G. Don, the seeds in a continuous elevated

line down the middle but its leaves are obtuse or emarginate and soft
in texture.
Huancavelica: Vicinity of Surcubamba, 1,800-2,700 meters,

Stork& Horton 10398 (det. Standl.). Bolivia.
Cassia Pennelliana Amsh. Med. Bot. Rijks Herb. Utrecht 52:
28. 1939. Chamaecrista Browniana Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl.
23: 293. 1930, not Kunth, 1824.
Allied to C. Pavoniana but the densely appressed pubescent stem
simple; leaflets 20-40 pairs, the gland oblong, 2-2.5 mm. long,
sessile, the pods glabrous or closely short-pilose. Very near to
C. Leschenaultiana DC., apparently introduced into Colombia, with
a subsessile stout-cupulate gland. C. flexuosa L. has 15-50 pairs
of narrow leaflets, the stems flexuous; C. mimosoides L. is, as indicated
by Britton & Killip, Asiatic, and has almost minute leaflets.
Peru (probably). Central America; Colombia; Bolivia.
Cassia picta G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 444. 1832; 552.

Resembles C. cuspidata; leaflets to 7 pairs, broadly oblong-
elliptic, rounded at both ends, weakly and minutely cuspidate,
about 6 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, membranous, completely glabrous
as the racemes. This may well prove to be the earliest name for
a variable species including besides C. cuspidata, C. Pearcii, but,
slight as the distinguishing characters are, no intermediate speci-
mens have been seen. F.M. Neg. 1728.
Piura: Parinas Valley, Haught 270. Common on alluvial plain,
Serran, Stork 11382. Galapagos; Ecuador.
Cassia pilifera Vog. Syn. Cass. 23. 1837; 536. Emelista pilifera
(Vog.) Pitt. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 176. 1929.
Half-shrub often a meter or two high, the somewhat angled
stems or branches characteristically white-pilose, scarcely densely,
the trichomes long and widely divaricate, rarely subappressed or
nearly wanting; stipules linear-subulate, 1 cm. long, usually persist-
ing; peduncles axillary, 1- or 2-flowered, often crowded in a short
panicle and somewhat exceeding the leaves, these with 2 pairs of
obliquely obovate or oblong-elliptic leaflets, rounded and barely
mucronulate at tip, 2-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, conspicuously
reticulate- veined and often pilose beneath, the glands slender;
sepals very unequal, striate, 6-10 mm. long; petals clawed, to 2 cm.
long; perfect stamens 6, the 2 larger shortly rostrate, 12-16 mm.
FLORA OF PERU 179
long, incurvedon filaments 4 mm. long, the others subsessile; pods

subquadrate, arcuate, tomentulose, 10 cm. long or longer, scarcely
4 mm. wide, aristate by the persisting style. Section Prososperma.
F.M. Neg. 1730.
Peru: Tarapoto, Vie. 6729. Uruguay to Bolivia and Central
America.
Cassia quinqtiangulata Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1 : 108.

1792; 523. Chamaefistula Klugii Britton & Killip, Trans. N. Y.
Acad. Sci. 36: 173. 1936. Chamaefistula quinquangulata (Rich.) Pitt.
Trab. Mus. Com. Venez. 3: 153. 1928.
Allied to C. macrophylla but the branches usually rather distinctly
angled and the gland between both pairs of leaflets long and slender;
leaflets ordinarily much smaller, the upper pair rarely 10 cm. long
or slightly longer and half as broad, the lower often half as large,
oblique at base, acuminate, lustrous above, subcoriaceous or firm-
membranous, reticulate- veined, usually minutely puberulent beneath;
racemes ordinarily axillary and only 4-5 cm. long, the pedicels about
2 cm. long; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse or acutish, ashy-puberulent,
obscurely nerved, 6 mm, long; petals 10-16 mm. long, lightly
puberulent; pods 2-3 dm. long, about 15 mm. thick, acute both
ends, rather coarsely reticulate-transverse-veined. C. viminea L.
to which the following material has mostly been referred is scarcely
distinguishable unless by its terete branchlets and with a gland
usually only between the first leaflets, and perhaps by a difference
in pods. More or less scandent shrub.
Loreto: Yurirnaguas, Williams 3798; 4020; 4171. Caballo-
Cocha, Williams 2112; 2122; 2143. Rio Nanay, Williams 687;
1290. Iquitos, Williams 1537; Klug 202; Killip & Smith 26965;
27098. Brazil to the Guianas and Colombia.
Cassia repens Vog. Syn. Cass. 60. 1837; 575.

Low, suffrutescent, typically sparsely pilose except the leaflets
above, the branches procumbent-ascending from a woody caudex;
leaflets 5-10 pairs, mucronate, pinnately veined, the midnerve little
excentric, subcoriaceous, 10-12 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, rather

rigid,the gland stipitate; flowers few, showy, like C. glandulosa;
pods 2.5-5 cm. long, about 4 mm. broad. F.M. Neg. 1739.
Loreto: Rio Huallaga, (Ule 6723, det. Herb. Dahlem). Brazil.
Cassia reticulata Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 443. 1809; 550.

C. marginata Willd. as to Williams, Field Mus. Bot. 15: 195. 1936.
Chamaesenna reticulata (Willd.) Pitt. Trab. Mus. Com. Venez. 3:

160. 1928.
Tall shrub or sometimes a tree to 15 meters, the younger parts

including the leaves beneath and the racemes more or less puberulent
or pilose; stipules coriaceous, subpersisting; leaflets 9-12 (14) pairs,
broadly oblong or slightly obovate and oblique, rounded or obtuse
both ends, ordinarily 7-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide; bracts early
imbricate becoming ovate, 1.5-2 cm. long, at anthesis caducous;
sepals broad, colored, the larger about 12 mm. long, slightly exceeded
by the deeply veined petals; perfect stamens 6, the 2 larger rostrate,
10 mm. long; pods oblong, compressed, lustrous, a dm. long or longer,
12 mm. broad or broader. Klug noted that the root is boiled and
used as a remedy for fever; the black pods as those of other species
are employed as a purgative. F.M. Neg. 1740.
Junin: Puerto Yessup, Killip & Smith 26299. Amazonas:

Nauta, Raimondi. Loreto: Near Iquitos, Williams 1475; 7899;
Klug 1107. Rio Itaya, Williams 116, and others. Rio Nanay,
Williams 288; 367 (distr. as C. marginata Willd.). Caballo-Cocha,
Williams 21 45. Yurimaguas, Williams 3822. Pebas, Williams 1735.
Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 208. Rio Chupurana and open places
along the Ucayali, (Huber). Rio Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5754- To Central America and the Guianas. "Retama,"
"sapechihua," "shunashut."
Cassia Ruiziana Vog. Syn. Cass. 40. 1837; 520. Chamae-

fistula Ruiziana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 451. 1832.
Closely allied to C. macrophylla and C. obliqua with the thick

anthers of the former but the pods and colored obscurely nerved
sepals of the latter, these however broadly ovate or suborbicular,
puberulent, firm; leaflets ample, the terminal often 1.5 dm. long or
longer, 7-9 cm. broad, lustrous and glabrous above, slightly puber-
ulent beneath, acuminate, strongly oblique at base with stout conical
gland between the lower; racemes shortly panicled, lateral (often
cauliflower)with the long (5-10 cm.) peduncles ashy or rusty
appressed strigillose; peduncles 1-2 cm. long; sepals obtuse, 3-4
mm. long, puberulent as the oblongish petals, these about twice
as long, shortly clawed; pods subquadrate, strongly arcuate, shortly
stiped, obtuse at both ends, torulose, 3-5 cm. long, crowned by the
persisting style. F.M. Negs. 29410; 32086.
FLORA OF PERU 181
Cajamarca: Tambillo, (Raimondi). San Martin: Tarapoto,

Mathews 1921 ; Williams 6312. San Roque, Williams 7067. Toward
Moyobamba, (Raimondi). Huanuco: Cuchero, Poeppigl391. Pam-
payacu, Kanehira 8. Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23531.
Huancavelica: Rio Mantaro, Weberbauer 6574- Loreto: Iquitos,
Williams 7907. Rio Nanay, Williams 392. Pongo de Manseriche,
Mexia 6214 (det. Standl., C. macrophylla) Ecuador.
.
Cassia scarlatina Ducke, Bull. Mus. Paris se"r. 2. 4: 730. 1932.
Like C. swartzioides and C. Spruceana especially the former;

about 4 pairs, the larger (in the type) 10-12 cm. long, 4-5 cm.
leaflets
broad, moderately acuminate beneath, sparsely minutely puberulent,

paler and subopaque; bracts caducous before anthesis; pedicels 1.5
cm. long; calyx segments unequal, even 13 mm. long, 9 mm. broad;
petals scarlet, shortly clawed, the largest 16-18 mm. long, about
half as broad, with 1 much smaller, about 12 mm. long, its long claw
broadly auricled by a foliaceous fimbriate appendage. The Peruvian

specimens do not entirely accord; the leaflets of Klug 3173 are 7 cm.
long, scarcely 3 cm. broad, sepals about 7 mm. long, petals "brick-
red," while Schunke 30 has merely acute leaflets, "flowers white
and clear red"; in both specimens the claw and the appendages
are not so largely developed.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 30. Pumayacu, Klug 3173.

Amazonian Brazil. "Machetebaina."
Cassia spectabilis DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 90. 1813; 529.

Pseudocassia spectabilis (DC.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:
230. 1930.
Tree with a short rusty-yellowish pilose puberulence on the

branchlets and leaflets beneath and corymbose axillary or terminal
inflorescences; leaflets (4) 8-15 pairs, oblong-elliptic, acutish to acu-
minate, 3-7.5 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. broad, glabrous or nearly
above, paler beneath, glands lacking; sepals 5-7 mm. long; petals
1.5-2.5 cm. long, the larger upper spreading, the two lower incurved;
perfect anthers 7, subequal, obtuse; pods subcylindrical, tardily
if at all dehiscing along one side, obscurely torulose, often 3 dm.
long or longer, 1.5 cm. thick. C. excelsa Schrad. is very similar but
the leaflets are mostly obtuse, the pods torulose. The determination
of my Peruvian specimen may be open to question since the pods
are distinctly quadrate. Section Chamaefistula.
Junin: Shrub sprawling in sandy valley brush, 5437 (det. Rose).

Cuzco: Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1504- Bolivia; Ecuador to
Central America and Trinidad.
Cassia spinescens Hoffm. ex Vog. Syn. Cass. 27. 1837; 545.

C. secedens Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 113. 1922, fide
Ducke.
Shrub well marked by the spinescent geminate stipules, these
stoutly conical, recurved, 5 mm. long; branchlets somewhat angled,
glabrous or obscurely puberulent toward the tips; leaflets (3) 5-6
pairs, ovate or oblong-elliptic, subcordate at base, acute, about
8 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. broad, the lower pairs gradually smaller, with
a subcylindrical gland between all of them, glabrous above, mem-
branous, reticulate-veined, paler and slightly puberulent or glabrate
beneath; racemes axillary or terminal and panicled, the showy
crowded flowers on rusty-puberulent pedicels to 4 cm. long; sepals
subobtuse, lightly puberulent, the larger about 8 mm. long; petals
unequal, obscurely puberulent on the nerves, the larger to 3 cm.
long, fertile anthers 7, the larger rostrate; pods compressed, glabrous,
smooth, lustrous, the margins not enlarged, attenuate at base,
4-5 dm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, with impressed cross-lines. The
anthers in the Peruvian material are subequal, the larger one scarcely
long-rostrate as in the type and the branchlets scarcely angled.
Section Chamaesenna. F.M. Negs. 1748; 28017 (C. secedens).
Loreto: Rio Mazan, 6-meter shrub, Jose Schunke 180. Rio
Itaya, Killip & Smith 29824- Amazonian Brazil. "Retama con
espina."
Cassia Spruceana Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 92.

1870; 514.
Tree with spreading crown, the branchlets and young leaves
minutely silky-puberulent, the latter glabrate in age; leaflets 3-5
pairs, obtuse to shortly acuminate, ovate-elliptic, typically acute
at base, 7-12 cm. long, about 5 cm. broad, lustrous above, paler
and opaque beneath, reticulate- veined both sides; petioles broadly
grooved above, glands none; racemes axillary or lateral on the older
branches below the leaves, laxly flowered, the bracts obtuse, caducous
before anthesis, about 5 mm. long, the pedicels 2.5 cm. long or longer;
sepals ovate, very obtuse, 10-12 mm. long; petals yellow with red
veins, obovate, subequal, about 2.5 cm. long; stamens nearly those
of C. fistula but the longer with slightly pubescent anthers; pods 3-6
FLORA OF PERU 183
dm. long, nearly 2.5 cm. thick, subterete, glabrous, the sutures
rather prominent. According to Ducke sometimes 30 meters high,
beautiful when covered with fragrant yellow flowers. C. Sagotiana
Benth. I.e. 93, of French Guiana, according to Ducke not specifically
distinguishable, has leaflets all obtuse, the sepals 6 mm. long, petals
to 18 mm. long, the intermediate anthers with longer basal lobes.
C. Rhonhofiana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 15: 46. 1940,
of Ecuador has bright rose-colored petals, later pale yellow and acute
bracts. Illustrated, Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: pi. 60 (as C. Sprucei).
F.M. Neg. 28020.
Peru (possibly). Amazonian Brazil to Guiana.
Cassia swartzioides Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5:

129. 1930.
Allied and apparently similar to C. Spruceana but, as to type,

leaflets 5-7 pairs, the larger commonly 6-8 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. broad,
ovate or oblong-ovate, glabrous, obtuse or rounded at base, gradually
acuminate; racemes binate on the older branchlets below the leaves
attaining 1.5-2 dm., the flowering portion dense, ashy-puberulent,
the small bracts persisting even to anthesis, the pedicels then to
2 cm. long or longer; calyx segments to 1.5 cm. long, about 7 mm.
broad; petals subequal, barely clawed, white marked with rose
below, 1.5-2 cm. long, about 8 mm. broad.
Loreto: Iquitos, (Ducke, type).
Cassia tenella HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 365. 1824; 571. C.
foliosa G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 446. 1832?
Stems from a short ligneous rhizome, glabrous, as the rather
obscurely pinnately nerved leaflets, these 3-4 pairs, obovate-cuneate,
about 10 mm. long; gland shortly stipitate; flowers of medium
size on pedicels 16 mm. long. Stipules very small. As Bentham
indicated, the species of G. Don judging from the meager descrip-
tion may belong here.
Peru(?): Without locality, (Pawn, type, C. foliosa). Venezuela.
Cassia tomentosa L. f.Suppl. 231. 1781; 528. Adipera tomen-

tosa (L. f.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 241. 1930.
Simulating C. aurantiawhen in flower but the branchlets and
leafletsbeneath conspicuously and softly yellowish-tomentose, the
latter puberulent above, and especially the pods subcompressed,
softly tomentose, usually 10 cm. long, 1 cm. broad; leaflets 6-8

pairs, oblong, acutish,4 cm. long, 15 mm. broad, usually considerably
smaller, the glabrous dark-colored gland between each pair contrast-
ing with the dense tomentose pubescence of the leaf-rachis; racemes
often shorter than the leaves. Cultivated for ornament and for the
leaves,which are employed medically (Herrera). The flower buds
are used as an ingredient in stews. Illustrated, Ann. Jard. Bot.
Buitenzorg 21: pi. 22.
Cajamarca: Cutervo, (Raimondi). Ancash: Pomabamba, (Rai-

mondi). Lima: (Weberbauer, 166). Huanuco: Below Chavanillo,
shrub 3 meters, 1986. Chinchapalca, 1598. Amazonas: Chacha-
poyas, (Raimondi). Arequipa: Near Atiquipa, (Raimondi). Cuzco:
Huasao, 3,200 meters, (Herrera 909). Puno: Sandia, (Weberbauer,
237). Argentina to Mexico. "Alcaparra," "motoya," "huashlla,"
"mutui," "motuy."
Cassia Tora L. Sp. PI. 376. 1753; 535. Emelista Tora (L.)
Britton & Rose, in Britton & Wilson, Surv. Porto Rico 5: 371. 1924.
Slender, semi-woody, often 1 meter high, glabrate or slightly
puberulent; stipules subulate, about 1 cm. long; leaflets (2) 3 pairs,
oblong-obovate, broadly rounded at tip, glaucous, glabrous above,
somewhat puberulent beneath, usually 3-4 cm. long, about 2 cm.
broad, gland between lower pair; flowers axillary in few-flowered
racemes or solitary; sepals 6-8 cm. long; petals 9-12 mm. long;
perfect stamens 7, the 3 larger anthers erostrate; pods linear arcuate,
slightly quadrate, 1-2 dm. long or longer, 5 mm. broad, the seeds
longitudinal. With the pulp of the pods as also with the infusion
of the fresh leaves the natives purge themselves (Ruiz & Pa von).
Section Prososperma. Illustrated, Britton &
Brown, 111. Fl. 2:
258; ed. 2. 2: 335.
Lima: Lurin and Huara, (Ruiz & Pavon). Loreto: Yurimaguas,

Williams 4834; 4443. Rio Nanay, Williams 257; 577. Rio Itaya,
Williams 130. Near Iquitos, Klug 1393; Williams 1305. Warm
regions. "Aya poroto," "canafistola cimarrona."
14. MARTIUSIA Benth.
Martia Benth.; Martiodendron Gleason.

Unarmed trees allied to Cassia technically but the leaves unequally
pinnate, the stipules, bracts and bractlets promptly caducous, the
sepals subvalvate or barely imbricate and the 4-5 subsessile stamens
FLORA OF PERU 185
with elongate unequal acuminate anthers. The genus may be known

in flowerby the long-acuminate buds and in fruit by the large thin
flattened pods, the position of the solitary seed marked by a nerve
that forks above the base of the pod which is wing-margined from
base to apex. Gleason proposed a new name for the group in accord
with the International Rules before the agreement to submit such
name-conflicts to a committee or to propose them for conservation;
cf. the analogous situation as regards Apuleia.
Dicorynia Benth., rather similar, has 3 petals, 2 unequal stamens

but since of the northern Amazon region is scarcely to be expected.
Its timber has value and it furnishes a resin used in the making of
varnish (Ducke).
Martiusia elata Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 116.

1922. Martiodendron macrocarpon Gleason, Phytologia 1: 142.
1935.
Tree sometimes attaining 45 meters with ashy-white bark, large
pyramidal more or less rusty-sericeous inflorescences, the flower
buds as the puberulent anthers, long-acuminate; leaflets to 10 pairs,
subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, usually a dm. or so long, 3 cm.
broad or narrower, finally glabrous; flower-buds to 1.5 cm. long, the
oblong yellow soon deciduous petals 14 mm. long, the largest anthers
slightly longer; pods 12-16 cm. long, 4.5-6 cm. broad, finely seri-
ceous. The Peruvian tree is forma occidentalis Ducke, Archiv. Inst.
Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 14. 1936 (forma angustifolia Ducke, Leg.
Amaz. Bras. 87. 1939), which is, according to Ducke, Gleason's
species. F.M. Neg. 28199.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5401. Amazo-
nian Brazil.
15. SCHIZOLOBIUM Vog.

Tall trees with the general character of Caesalpinia but the
calyx segments only lightly imbricated, subequal, the ovary adnate
and the pods samaroid-like with a solitary albuminous seed at the
apex. Sepals reflexing, petals spreading, clawed. The fruit simulates
that of Platypodium while the leaflets suggest those of Poeppigia.
Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke, Archiv. Jard.

Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 117. 1922. S. excelsum Vog. var. amazonicum
Ducke ex Williams, Field Mus. Bot. 15: 205. 1936.
Branchlets, petioles and ample panicles, at least the flower-buds,

minutely puberulent but soon glabrous; leaves several dm. long, with
15-20 pairs of pinnae that usually bear 10-20 pairs or more of oblong
leaflets, these firm, sparsely appressed strigillose beneath, rounded
at both ends, usually 2-3 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide; pedicels articulated
above the middle to 6 mm. long or about as long as the calyx lobes;
petals yellow, glabrous, oblong-obovate, 10-12 mm. long; pods
rounded at tip, narrowed to the short stipe, 6-9 cm. long, to 3 cm.
wide at the seed, rather rugosely nerved. Attains 40 meters,
buttressed at base. Inhabits, according to Ducke, terra firma,
growing with great rapidity, the wood oatmeal-colored or almost
white, very light. S. parahybum (Vel.) Blake (S. excelsum Vog.)
of southern Brazil is frequently cultivated for ornament on the
upper Amazon; it has larger flowers and fruits, the pedicels twice
as long and not articulate.
Loreto: Rio Nanay, Williams 705. Ucayali, Huber 11522.
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9444- Mouth of Rio Macau-
han, Krukoff 5567. Amazonian Brazil. "Pashaco."
16. PARKINSONIA L.
Reference: Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 61-63. 1924.

Slenderly branched trees or tall shrubs, the flowers in long
racemes, the few extremely elongating leaf-pinnae appearing clustered
by reason of the very short rachis, this apparently somewhat on a
spine. Rachis of the pinnae flattened and irregularly lined, as it
were, with few (rarely none) or sometimes a great many almost
minute leaflets. Calyx lobes distinctly imbricate in bud. Pods
terete and torulose (the Peruvian species). Named for an English
botanist, John Parkinson.
Ruiz suggested in his "Viaje" that "the leaf -stalks of this plant
could be used for their flexibility, length and strength to make
little baskets, mats and several other things especially if they were
prepared as is esparto grass and flax."
Parkinsonia aculeata L. Sp. PL 375. 1753.

Leaves the rachis of the 2-4 pinnae usually 2-4 dm. long;
sessile,
leaflets oblong or sometimes narrower, 3-4 (6) mm. long; racemes
axillary, the few yellow flowers loosely borne on slender pedicels
about 1 cm. long, the petals nearly as long; pod turgid, constricted
between the 1-several seeds, narrowed at both ends, 5-10 (15) cm.
FLORA OF PERU 187
long, less than 1 cm. thick. Often cultivated in warm regions, at

least in Argentina, for hedges; said to be native to tropical America.
In Peru it belongs to the northern desert zone (Weberbauer, 153)
and the lower Sierra zone (Weberbauer, 162). The Goodspeed col-
lectors found it trailing to 3 meters on a flat dry mud plain and noted
it as a good soil binder and also abundant on the dry flats from
Trujillo to Chepe'n, where sometimes a shrub or tree to about

5 meters high. My specimens were from remotely scattered trees
that appeared bizarre in flower and fruit in early October on the
otherwise nearly sterile deep somewhat rocky desert sands of the
Colorado Pampa. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 76.
Piura: Talara, H
aught 18. Negritos, HaughtF-65. lea: Nazca,
Soukup 1308. Ancash: Los Zorros, 30 kilometers, of Huarmei,
100 meters, Stork, Horton & Vargas 9195 (det. Johnst.). Near
Casma, Lima:
2569. Between Torreblanca and Lima, Ruiz &
Pavon. Libertad: Often the only plant on these dry areas, Chepe'n,
100 meters, Stork & Horton 10010 (det. Standl.). "Mataburro."
17. CERCIDIUM Tul.
Reference: Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 61-68. 1924.

Shrubs or trees, the often tortuous branches usually armed with
short spines, the bipinnate (sometimes apparently simply pinnate)
leaves with 1-15 pairs of small leaflets. Rachis of pinnae borne
below the spines. Flowers yellow in short corymbs or often in
fasciculate racemes at the nodes of leafless branches.
Bracts minute,
the bractlets often wanting. Calyx-tube shortly campanulate (disk-
like at base of young pods) on a stipe articulated with the slender
pedicel, the 5 segments subequal, induplicate-valvate or valvate.

Petals oblong to orbicular, more or less clawed, imbricated, dis-
5,
similar. Stamens 10, free, lightly pilose below, the anthers versatile.
Ovary stiped, attached obliquely or near base of calyx, the style

involute. Pods narrowly oblong, piano-compressed, membranous or
subcoriaceous, bivalved, the sutures nervelike, the valves obliquely
veined. Seeds ovate, albuminous.
Cercidium praecox (R. & P.) Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 91. 1908.
Caesalpinia praecox R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4: pi. 376. 1802. Pomaria

glauca Cav. Descr. 466. 1802.
Bark bright green or that of the mostly leafless flowering branch-
lets greenishwhite or pale yellowish-green; nodose spines 2-10 mm.
long; pinnae 1-2 (3) pairs with about 6 pairs of light green, glabrous
(or ashy-pubescent fide Johnston), oblong, obtuse or scarcely acute

leaflets3-4 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide; racemes only a cm. or two
long, 2-6-flowered, the puberulent or glabrate pedicels about 4 mm.
long; calyx divisions yellowish, 6mm. long, acutish, lightly puberu-
cm. long; pods shortly stiped, thin puber-
lent; larger petals nearly 1
ulent or glabrate, oblong or oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide.
Small tree 2-3 meters high, the bright yellow flowers with red
spots on upper petals (West). Ascends to 1,600 (2,000) meters
(Weberbauer) .
Johnston has followed Harms in taking up a Ruiz & Pavon

name definitely identified but which was published (in this case
with analysis) only in the two or three known copies of plates to
volume 4 of their Flora; elsewhere in this work as in Capparidaceae,
Lauraceae, etc., I have adopted the same procedure. The type of
C. praecox is from Guayaquil according to the data on the specimen
at Madrid; its leaflets are not ashy-pubescent as described by
Johnston, which may throw some question on the validity of C.
australe Johnst. of Argentina, especially since Venturi 1037 of
Tucuman is ashy-pubescent. A photograph showing an association
with this tree is in Weberbauer opposite page 155. F.M. Negs.
1636; 29427 (Pomaria glauca).
Lambayeque: Desert plain bordering Chiclayo Valley, 75 meters,
West 3576 (det. Johnst.). Pucala to Pampa Grande, Raimondi.
Piura: Amotape Hills, Haught F-48. Cajamarca: Below Santa
Cruz, 1,300 meters, (Weberbauer 4155; 189). Maranon Valley, 2,000
meters, Weberbauer 1+260; 155. Ayacucho: Mayoc to Huanta,
Raimondi. Libertad: Prov. Patas, Raimondi. To West Indies and
Mexico. "Kalakel" (Weberbauer), "palo verde."
18. CAESALPINIA L.
Poinciana L.; Guilandina L.; Biancaea Todaro; Hoffmanseggia

Cav.
Smooth or somewhat armed perennial herbs, shrubs, trees, or
lianas, the stipules if present, simple or pinnate, the leaves bipinnate
(their leaflets various in number, size and texture), the flowers
yellow or red, often showy and in lax racemes in the upper axils
or panicled at the tips of the branchlets. Bracts small or rarely
large and membranous, bractlets wanting; calyx- tube short, the
lower of the 5 imbricate or subvalvate or valvate segments often
larger and concave or cymbiform, sometimes subequal. Petals 5,
FLORA OF PERU 189
orbicular spathulate or rarely oblong, sometimes dissimilar. Stamens

10, the filaments often villous or glandular, the anthers uniform,
longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary shortly stiped, free, the style fili-
form. Pods usually compressed or flat but sometimes turgid, dehis-
cent or indehiscent, the suture nerviform or thicker, the albuminous
or exalbuminous seeds often separated by tissue. Burkart in his
scholarly account of the species of Argentina and Uruguay, Revista
Agron. 3: 67-112. 1936, has called attention, I.e. 75, to the incon-
stancy of the calyx character, some species having valvate calyx
divisions that would place them, except for habit, in Hoffmanseggia;
the latter and later name therefore may be suppressed as already
done by Baillon and Fisher.
Genus important for the tannin content of the fruit of a num-
ber of notably the Peruvian tara (C. spinosa), which
species,
yields 43-51 per cent and is cultivated in Africa; cf. Chevalier,
Rev. Bot. Appl. et Agric. Trop. 9 (93): 298-302; 9 (94): 377-381.
1929. According to an anonymous note in Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat.
"Javier Prado," Lima, 5: 282. 1941, C. spinosa is twice as rich in
tannin as are European species; the solution prepared for use
changes the color of leather very little but is effective; the writer
recommends its cultivation for export. This would appear to be
feasible since Wattle (Mimosa) bark of Australia, widely cultivated
elsewhere, has a tannin content of only 35 per cent. It is found
nearly everywhere in Peru to about 3,500 meters.
Stamens 4-6 cm. long; pedicels 4 cm. long, much longer in fruit;
leaflets many.
Leaflets 2-3 mm. wide C. Gilliesii.

Leaflets 6-10 mm. wide C. pulcherrima.
Stamens and pedicels much shorter.
Calyx segments unequal and more or less imbricate; plants tall.
Leaflets, at least mostly, only 4-8 mm. wide.

Pods rather thick; prickles few or none; flowers to 9 mm. long.
C. Paipai.
Pods compressed; flowers to 17 mm. long.
Leaflets glabrous; prickles few C. cassioides.
Leaflets pilose beneath; prickles many C. sepiaria.
Leaflets, at least mostly, (8) 10-12 mm. wide or wider.

Leaflets 3 cm. long or shorter; pods unarmed.
Sepals entire C. cassioides.
Sepals fringed-dentate C. spinosa.

Leaflets 4 cm. long or longer; pods prickly C. Bonduc.
Calyx segments subequal, valvate; plants low.

Densely glutinous-glandular even to the leaves, these ternately
bipinnate C. ternata.
Stipitate-glandular if at all, at least not the bipinnate leaves.
Stipules fimbriate-glandular or deeply lacerate.

Stipules eglandular, conspicuous; pods glabrous.
C. stipulata.
Stipules glandular as also the bracts; pods tomentose.

C. miranda.
Stipules entire, or slightly glandular, small, caducous as also

the bracts.
Plants branching, more or less.
Flowers 5-6 mm. long; pods 4-5 mm. wide. . .C. viscosa.
Flowers 10-12 mm. long; pods about 6 mm. wide.

C. egena.
Plants cespitose or strict, eglandular unless above.
Plants eglandular; pinnae usually 3 pairs. . .C. prostrata.
Plants glandular above; pinnae 4-5 pairs. . .C. chicamana.
Caesalpinia Bonduc (L.) Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: 362. 1832 (cf.

Dandy & Exell in Journ. Bot. 76:
1938); 175. 65. Guilandina
Bonduc L. Sp. PI. 1: 381. 1753. C. Crista L. I.e. 380, in part. G.
bonducella L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 545. 1762. C. bonducella (L.) Fleming,
As. Res. 11: 159. 1810.
Climbing or clambering slightly pubescent prickly shrub, the

prickles on branchlets and leaves recurved; stipules apparently
wanting; leaflets 5-8 pairs, elliptic, obtuse, puberulent beneath,
lustrous above, 2-5 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. broad; racemes narrow,
elongate, tomentulose, the yellowish flowers on pedicels only a
few mm. long; stamens shorter than the spathulate petals, these
about 1 cm. long, the puberulent sepals 6 mm. long; pods sub-
orbicular or ovate, compressed, usually bristly, 5-10 cm. long, 3-5
cm. broad with 1 or 2 subglobose yellow exalbuminous seeds.
C. Crista L., similar, is said to differ in being provided with 1-3
foliate subpersisting "pseudostipules" (Goebel) ; the pods are ovate-
oblong, the seeds (Nicher beans) gray or lead-colored. Both species
illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
FLORA OF PERU 191
Peru: Without locality, probably cultivated, Ruiz & Pavdn.

Warm regions.
Caesalpinia cassioides Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1 : 444. 1809.

C. insignis (Kunth) Spreng. Syst. 2: 344. 1825. Poinciana insignis
Kunth, Mimoseae 147. pi. 44- 1820. Caesalpinia bicolor C. H. Wright,
Kew Bull. 22. 1896. C. Andreana Micheli, Journ. Bot. 6: 193. 1892.
C. Pardoana Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 92. 1908.
Glabrous shrub or small tree, the virgate branchlets sparsely
armed with rather stout, somewhat recurved 2-5
prickles; pinnae
pairs; leaflets
broadly elliptic, or
nearly subrotund, sometimes
slightly obovate, rounded at both ends or retuse, usually 2-2.5 cm.
long, 1.5 to nearly 2 cm. broad, rigid-chartaceous, opaque; racemes
terminal, few-flowered, the pedicels 6-8 mm. long, the glandular-
punctate calyx segments subequal and 7 mm. long except the lower,
this 10-12 mm. long, concave, spreading, caducous; petals orange
with red or purple veins, about 15 mm. long; stamens nearly 2 cm.
long; pods glabrous, stiped, compressed, the ventral margin straight,
the dorsal falcate, 4 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. broad. Harms sug-
gested, I.e., that connecting forms might be found between the type
of his species and that of Kunth; my 1342 seems to represent such
a transitional state, the leaflets on one flowering branch being
similar to those of C. cassioides. However, the latter as to type has
2 pairs of pinnae so it may be worth while to designate as var.
Pardoana (Harms) Macbr., comb, nov., the plant with 3-5 pairs
of pinnae, the flowers sometimes 2 cm. long, the leaflets usually
scarcely 1 cm. broad. The variety commemorates the name of a
former president of Peru. F.M. Negs. 1780; 1792 (C. Pardoana).
Cajamarca: Jan, Weberbauer 6183 (det. Harms). Prov. Jan,
at the mouth of the Rio Chinchipe, Bonpland, type. Between Balsas
and Celendin, (Weberbauer 4252, det. Harms, C. insignis). Ancash:
Huaraz, 2,600 meters, Weberbauer 3258; 173 (type, C. Pardoana).
Huanuco: Ambo, sprawling shrub in sliderock, 3162 (det. Harms,
C. Pardoana). Junin: Huartas, in round spreading clumps on rocky
slopes, 1342 Harms, C. Pardoana). Amazonas: Chachapoyas,
(det.
(Lobb, type, C. bicolor). San Martin: Vitoc, (Maclean, det. Wright,
C. bicolor). Colombia. "Anicullo," "brasil."
Caesalpinia chicamana Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.

C. prostrata affinis; stipulis scariosis circa 3 mm. longis eglandu-
losis; caulibus petiolisque crispe pilosis et sparse stipitato-glandulosis;
pinnis 4-5 jugis; foliolis fere glabris; pedunculis 2-10 cm. longis;
bracteis caducissimis; calycibus sordide villosulis et plus minusve
glandulosis fere 1 cm. longis, laciniis membranaceis anguste oblongis;
petalis circa 12mm. longis integris solum ad basin densissime glandu-
losis. Like the related species in this group (C. falcaria, C. prostrata,
C. viscosa) not very distinctive but from the material at hand appar-
ently merits recognition.
Libertad: Chicama Valley, Smyth 74 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Caesalpinia egena Macbr., comb. nov. Hoffmanseggia viscosa

(R. & P.) H. & A. var. egena Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 93. 1930.
Like C. viscosa but apparently constantly with much larger
mm. long, 4 with claw 2 mm. long, 1 with claw
flowers; petals 10-12
5 mm. long, all glabrous or obscurely glandular; stems scarcely at
all glandular punctate; leaves glabrous, glaucous; filaments densely
glandular nearly to tips, pilose below; pods about 6 mm. broad.

Nearly C. fakaria (Cav.) Fisher but the calyx glabrous instead of
ashy puberulent; cf. note under C. viscosa.
Arequipa: Tiabaya, 2,100 meters, Pennell 13073. Moquehua:

Mt. Estuquina, rainy-green formation, Weberbauer 741 9 A, type.
Caesalpinia Gilliesii [Hook.] Wall, ex Hook. Bot. Misc. 1:

129. pi. 34, as synonym. 1829. Poinciana Gilliesii Hook. I.e. Ery-
throstemon Gittiesii (Wall.) Klotzsch, in Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Ic.
PI. 2: 97. 1844.
Well marked by the simple terminal many-flowered racemes of

large flowers conspicuous especially because of the long-exserted
red stamens, the petals yellowish, 2-3 cm. long; pinnae 7-14 pairs
with 6-10 pairs of elliptic glabrous membranous scarcely acutish
leaflets, mostly 5-10 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; branchlet tips,
pedicels and calyces conspicuously glandular; fruiting pedicels to

2.5 cm. long; pods 7-10 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad, punctate-glan-
dular, pubescent on the margin. Shrub 1-3 meters high. Much
cultivated in warm regions and in English-speaking countries known
as "bird of paradise." Sandeman, in his "A Forgotten River" 100,
1929, notes that C. Gilliesii with lemon-colored flowers and bright
crimson stamens is much used as a hedge plant in the neighborhood
of Lima. It was also observed by Mathews in cultivation. Illus-
trated, Bot. Mag. pi. 4006.
Peru (cultivated). Argentina; Uruguay.
FLORA OF PERU 193
Caesalpinia miranda (Sandw.) Macbr., comb. nov. Hoffman-

seggia miranda Sandw. Kew Bull. 99. 1934.
Low shrub, the ultimate branchlets slender, obscurely angled,
more or less ashy-pubescent with very few stipitate glands inter-
mixed; stipules lanceolate-subulate, pilose, 3-5 mm. long, the margins
and tips strikingly fimbriate with long stiped glands, the caducous
bracts similarly pubescent, 4-5 mm. long; pinnae 3-5 pairs, with
3-5 pairs of oblong or obovate-oblong leaflets, obliquely rounded
or subcordate at base, broadly rounded at tip, 2-6.5 mm. long, 1.5-4
mm. wide, rigid, eglandular, pilose both sides and prominently venose
especially beneath; racemes elongate, densely stipitate glutinous-
glandular, the recurving pedicels 3-4 mm. long; calyx lobes 6-8 mm.
long; petals 11-13 mm. long, glabrous but conspicuously margined
with black eglandular filiform appendages to 2 mm. long; stamens 10,
pilose especially toward the base; pods densely tomentose, 1 cm. long,
2 mm. broad.
Arequipa: Mollendo, (Stafford K53, type); Hitchcock 18982;

22408.
Gaesalpinia Paipai R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4: pi. 375. 1802. C.

glabrata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 326. 1824. C. corymbosa Benth.
PI. Hartw. 117. 1843. Libidibia corymbosa (Benth.) Britton &
Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35: 189. 1936.
Unarmed shrub or low tree, typically glabrous except for the

branchlet tips and the more or less corymbose inflorescence, this
shorter than the leaves; pinnae 3-8 pairs; leaflets 4-10 pairs, oblong-
elliptic, quite obtuse, ordinarily about 8 mm. long, 3-4 mm.
broad; bracts minute; pedicels 6-8 mm. long, the yellow flowers
about as long, the stamens slightly exserted, villous at base; pods
shortly stiped, 7 cm. long or longer, 12-14 mm. thick, rather fleshy-
coriaceous and somewhat torulose. Gray wrote, regarding the
Wilkes' specimen, "apparently intermediate between the C. glabrata
and C. corymbosa which may with probable reason be united."
Weberbauer 5994, which was designated in herbaria as a new species,
may become var. pubens Macbr., var. nov., ubique puberulis
praecipue foliolis subtus. Following precedent (cf. Cercidium) I
adopt the name of Ruiz and Pa von published with floral analysis;
the authors noted in their journal, "luxuriant tree valued in carpentry
for the strength of its wood, its pods used for a black dye and to make
a very good ink."
Cajamarca: Magdalena, Bonpland (type, C. glabrata). Nancho,

(Raimondi). Piura: Near Serran, 200 meters, Weberbauer 5994 (type
the var.). Cerro Prieto, Amotape Hills, HaughtFl 03. Rio Quirros,
(Raimondi). Ancash: Santa, (Raimondi}. Libertad: Trujillo, (Rai-
mondi). Lima: Chancay and Huara, Ruiz & Pav6n, type. Near
Obrajillo, ( Wilkes Exped.) . Amazonas Bagua, (Raimondi)
: . Loreto:
10-meter tree in clearing, Killip & Smith 26922. Ecuador.

"Charan," "chara," "pai-pai," "paypay" (Raimondi).
Caesalpinia prostrata (Lag.) Macbr., comb. nov. Hoffman-

seggia prostrata Lag. ex DC. Prodr. 2: 485. 1825. Larrea gracilis
R. &
P. Fl. Peruv. 4: pi. 377. 1802, not C. gracilis Benth. Hoffman-
seggia gracilis (R. P.) H. & &
A. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 209. 1833.
H. pilosa [R. & P.] G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 434. 1832.
Cespitose, lightly ashy-villous perennial, the subequal leaves and
long-peduncled racemes prostrate or ascending from a simple or
little-branched lignescent caudex; stipules lanceolate-acuminate,
strongly striate, entire; pinnae 2-6 pairs, with 4-6 pairs of oblong-
elliptic evenose obtuse leaflets, mostly 7 mm. long, about 2 mm.
broad; racemes to 15 cm. long, the flowering portion scarcely a
third as long; pedicels 3-4 mm. long; calyx 6 mm. long, slightly
exceeded by the orange or orange-red, sometimes spotted petals,
the stamens included; pods ashy-puberulent, nearly straight, 3 cm.
long, 4 mm. broad or somewhat larger. There is no glandular
pubescence. C. falcaria (Cav.) Fisher is branching and glandular
above. Grows in sandy open places. F.M. Neg. 29418.
Lima: Surco, Ruiz &
Pavdn. Arequipa: Tingo, 2,200 meters,
Pennett 13120. Near Arequipa, south of Mollendo, salty nitrate
soil, bushy perennial, Pennett 13175; back of beach, Eyerdam 25169
(det. Johnston). Atico and Atiquipa, (Raimondi). Tiabaya, Pennell

13082. Moquehua: Torata, open mixed formation, Weberbauer
7419. Chile.
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz, Obs. Bot. 166. 1791;

67. Poinciana pulcherrima L. Sp. PI. 380. 1753.
Completely glabrous more or less glaucous sparsely prickly shrub

or small tree with ample 5-9 pinnate leaves and elongate axillary and
terminal racemes of showy yellow, orange or red flowers with long-
exserted often scarlet stamens that are borne on very long slender
pedicels; stipules caducous, pinnate; pinnae 1-3 dm. long, with
6-12 pairs of subsessile oblong leaflets, oblique at base, rounded
FLORA OF PERU 195
and mucronate at tip, thin, paler beneath, commonly about 2 cm.

long, 12 mm.wide; pedicels to 9 cm. long; lower larger sepal 1.5 cm.
long; petals red (or yellow), about 2-2.5 cm., crisped on margin,
4 cuneately clawed, the upper middle one with long claw and greatly
reduced, often tubular; stamens to 6 cm. long; pod obliquely oblong,
acuminate, 6-12 cm. long to 2 cm. broad, dehiscing, the 6-8 separated
seeds albuminous (Benth.). Commonly cultivated in the tropics, the
native region unknown. The false Poinciana, Delonix regia (Boyer)
Raf., a much larger tree with sepals valvate, oblong, subequal,
stamens shorter than petals, these pubescent at the subequal claws,
numerous pinnae, the small leaflets puberulent beneath, the pods
very large, is to be expected; native to Madagascar it is often cul-
tivated in warm regions as the "Flame Tree" or the "Poinciana."
Illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5475. Shapaja, (Sandemari).
Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2605. Loreto: Rio Nanay, Williams 411.
Leticia, Williams 3060. Rio Itaya, Williams 214- Puno: Soukup
330. Tropical regions. "Angel sisa," "huaika sisal."
Gaesalpinia sepiaria Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2, pt. 2: 360. 1832. Biancaea

sepiaria (Roxb.) Todaro, Hort. Bot. Panorm. 3. 1876.
Spreading or straggling shrub, prickly even to the puberulent

tapering rachis of the 4-10 pinnate leaves, these to several dm. long,
the pinnae with 7-12 pairs of oblong or slightly obovate-elliptic
leaflets, rounded at apex, oblique at base, 10-15 (20) mm. long,
lightly pilose beneath or glabrate; flowers pale yellow, somewhat
pendent, borne in axillary or terminal racemes 2 dm. long or longer;
calyx- tube 2 mm. long, the lobes more than twice as long, the lowest
one concave and slightly larger; petals unequal, 9 and 12 mm. long,
4 and 8 mm. wide; stamens about 12 mm. long; pods oblong, nearly
straight, glabrous, coriaceous, 5-9 cm. long, about 2 cm. wide with
4-8 seeds, these black, marked with yellowish-brown. The prickles
on the leaves are recurved. Often naturalized in warm regions.
Lima: Rimac Valley near Lima, 100 meters, Grant 7414- India.
Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2:

54. 1898. Poinciana spinosa Molina, Sagg. Nat. Chile 158. 1782.
C. Tara R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4. pi. 374. 1802. C. pectinata Cav. Descr.
467. 1802. Coulteriatinctoria HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 261. pi. 569.
1824. Caesalpinia tinctoria (HBK.) Dombey ex DC. in syn., Prodr.
2: 481. 1825. Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:
320. 1930.
Stocky shrub or tree with spreading spinose gray-barked densely

leafy branchlets and narrow racemes of reddish-yellow flowers;
leaves smooth or sparsely and shortly prickly with 2-3 pairs of
pinnae, these often 1 dm. long and with about 8 pairs of subsessile
firm reticulate-veined oblong-elliptic glabrous leaflets (or these
obscurely puberulent beneath as the rachi), oblique at base, rounded
at apex, commonly about 2.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide; racemes 8-12 cm.
long, the puberulent pedicels 5 mm. long, articulate below the short
calyx-tube; larger calyx segments serrulate, about 6 mm. long, the
petals less than twice as long, about as long as the stamens; pods
often red or reddish.
Commonly planted for tanning (cf. generic description) and as

a source of a dye. Powder within the pod used as an eye wash
(K. & S.). The names of Molina when identified without doubt
should be accepted; cf. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 90-91.
1924, for well-taken observations on this matter.
irrigation ditch, Mexia 04004- Atocongo,
Lima: Chosica, along
among large rocks, 10 meters high, Mexia 04048. Matucana, 265.
Prov. Canete, Vargas 9311. Huanuco: Dombey. Conchamarca,
Woytkowski 132. Ambo, Sawada P105. Junin: Tarma, Killip
& Smith 21852. Ayacucho: Huanta, Killip & Smith 23331
Cuzco: Herrera 3432; 1519. San Sebastian, Pennell 13627. Tacna:
Rusby 2358. "Tara," "tanino," "algarroba," "taya."
Caesalpinia stipulata (Sandw.) Macbr., comb. nov. Hoffman-

seggia stipulata Sandw. Kew Bull. 181. 1939.
A
low shrub, in many respects similar to C. miranda but the
strongly imbricate stipules eglandular, 5-8.5 mm. long, usually
3-5 mm. broad, regularly and deeply toothed; leaflets 5-9 pairs,
suborbicular to obovate-oblong, glabrous or rarely sparsely ciliate;
pedicels glabrous as the calyces except at tip; petal appendages
white; pods glabrous, more than 2.5 cm. long, 7 mm. broad. Lacks
the glandulosity of C. miranda. Three to 6 meters high in sandy
dips on open hillsides, the flowers orange.
Arequipa: Mejia, south of Mollendo, (Stafford 899, type).
Caesalpinia ternata (Phil.) Macbr., comb. nov. Hoffmanseggia

ternata Phil. Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Bot. 79: 19. 1891.
FLORA OF PERU 197
Intricately and flexuosely branched under-shrub, especially the

branchlets inordinately glutinous-glandular; leaves ternate, the 3
pinnae with 5 pairs of oblong-elliptic obtuse leaflets, 4-6 mm. long,
2-3 mm. broad, more or less glandular, ciliate; racemes 2-3 cm.
long, little if at all exceeding the leaves, the few flowers on pedicels
2-3 mm. long, longer in fruit and reflexing; calyces 3 mm. long, the
flame-colored petals twice as long; pods falcate to 3 cm. long, 4 mm.
broad, glandular.
Tacna: Near Tacna, 650 meters, Werdermann 719. Chile.
Caesalpinia viscosa (R. & P.) Macbr., comb. nov. Larrea

viscosa R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 4: pi. 377. 1802. Hoffmanseggia viscosa
H. & A. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 209. 1833.
Much branched, the curved or flexuous ascending branchlets
densely stipitate glandular, the leaflets glabrous or typically margin-
rounded both ends, glaucous, usually
ally glandular, oblong-elliptic,
4-5 mm. long, about half as broad, commonly about 6 pairs on 3
pairs of pinnae; racemes exceeding the leaves, the slender pedicels
several mm.long; calyces glabrous or nearly, 3 mm. long, the entire
subequal (1 with longer narrower claw) petals about twice as long,
glabrous or with a few marginal glands; stamens included, medially
glandular and pilose toward the base; pods falcate, glandular, the
margins more or less pilose, 2-2.5 cm. long, scarcely or barely 5 mm.
broad, falcate. C. fakaria (Cav.) Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 122. 1893,
of Boliviaand Patagonia is eglandular below, typically at least more
herbaceous, and the falcate pods are somewhat broader. A specimen
from Yura, Department of Arequipa, collected by Karl Schmidt
is probably an undescribed related species but is without flowers
or fruit, glands lacking, the leaflets ashy-puberulent beneath.
Piura: Paita, shale cliff above sea, Pennell 14818; Cockerell.

Parinas Valley, Haught F118. Lima: Quive, open rocky slope,
Pennell 14306. Chosica, rocky gulch, 491; 2867; Mexia 04006
(det. Johnst.). Yangas, Wilkes Exped. Near Lima, Ruiz & Pavdn;
Dombey. Huancavelica: Below Surcubamba, Weberbauer 6487.
Apurimac: 2,300 meters, Weberbauer 5857.
19. PHYLLOCARPUS Riedel.
An unarmed tree with abruptly pinnate leaves and showy

purple flowers with only 2 petals borne in short racemes often
fasciculate at the nodes of leafless branchlets. Bracts and bractlets
promptly caducous. Calyx-tube very short, the limb segments 4,
imbricate. Stamens diadelphous, the uniform anthers versatile.

Ovary stiped, the filiform style slightly clavate at tip. Pod oblong,
subfalcate, piano-compressed, thin, the upper suture narrowly
winged, the medially placed seed exalbuminous. Pods simulate
those of Derris and Platycyamus. A beautiful tree when covered
with flowers, the foliage then lacking; wood white, spongy, without
value (Ducke).
Phyllocarpus Riedelii Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 2. 20: 143.

1843; 62.
Young branchlets, petioles and racemes except the colored calyces
minutely rusty tomentulose; 6-8 pairs, opposite, subsessile,
leaflets
oblong-elliptic, rounded both ends, slightly puberulent or glabrate,

lustrous above, mostly about 3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide; calyx segments
orbicular-concave, strongly imbricate, 6-7 mm. long; 2 lateral petals
obovate, equaling the calyx, the lower reduced or wanting; stamens
about twice as long as the calyx, 9 connate above the middle; ovary
glabrous; pod 8-10 cm. long, 3.5-4 cm. wide including the narrow
wing, reticulate-veiny. Bentham, I.e., gives in synonymy P. ptero-
carpus Riedel ex Walp. Bot. Rep. 1: 803. 1842, but the name actually
does not occur there or in Endl. Gen. Suppl. 2: 97. 1842, as indicated
by Kew Index. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 19.
Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9447; 9448 (det. Harms).
Rio Macauhan, terra firma, Krukoff 5651. Brazil.
20. DICYMBE Spruce

Trees with abruptly or subimparipinnate leaves (the leaflets
coriaceous) and corymbose paniculate white or roseate flowers,
these completely enclosed before anthesis by the fleshy coriaceous
bractlets. Calyx-tube turbinate, thick, the 4 divisions imbricate,
often bifid apically. Petals 5, subequal, imbricate. Stamens 10,
free, the filaments pilose at base, the anthers uniform, linear, longi-
tudinally dehiscent. Ovary shortly stiped, free, several-ovuled, the
style elongate with peltate stigma. Pods compressed. Thylacanthus
Tul. (T. ferrugineus Tul., 60) of the Amazonian valley is similar
apparently but the bractlets are spreading at anthesis, the flowers
yellow, the filaments connate at base.
Dicymbe amazonica Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan.

15. 1938.
Branchlets terete, the younger more or less ashy-puberulent as
the inflorescence and leaflets beneath, the last 2-4 or sometimes
FLORA OF PERU 199
5 or 7 pairs, the glabrous petiolules 4-5 mm. long, the blades lanceo-
late-ovate or oblong, usually rounded or obtuse at base, long and
rather abruptly acuminate, subcoriaceous, scarcely lustrous, con-
colored, usually 8 cm. long, half as broad, the nerves slender, the
veins subobsolete; pedicels 10-12 mm. long, densely villous; bractlets
densely ashy-sericeous to 15 mm. long, 8 mm. broad; flowers white,
the glabrous calyx-tube 4 mm. long, the glabrous sepals about 3
times as long, the inner 2 oblong; petals 25-32 mm. long, 12-18 mm.
broad at tip, obovate, long-clawed, in bud lineately pilose, after
anthesis the pilosity only on the claw and sparse; pods (immature)
12 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad, piano-compressed, ligneous, rusty-tomen-
tose, subsessile, strongly inequilateral at base, obliquely subacute
at apex, the upper suture elevated. Type from Sao Paulo de
Olivenca. The other Amazonian species is D. corymbosa Spruce, 60,
the leaflets only 2 pairs.
21. SCLEROLOBIUM Vog.

Trees with oddly or subabruptly pinnate leaves, the opposite
and small, usually abundant
leaflets rather large, coriaceous or thick,
yellow or white flowers borne densely in paniculate racemes or spikes.

Stipules small or sometimes subpersisting and f oliaceous, often foliate
or pectinate. Bracts minute, more or less caducous, the bractlets
wanting. Calyx campanulate with 5 subequal imbricate sepals.
Petals filiform, linear or narrowly obovate, glabrous or pilose. Sta-
mens 10, free, the equal or unequal filaments often villous below,
the anthers longitudinally cleft, versatile. Ovary few-ovuled, shortly
stiped, the stipe free, the filiform style with terminal stigma. Pod
flat, sometimes wing-margined, indehiscent, ovate or oblong, the 1-f ew
compressed seeds with thin albumin and thin foliaceous cotyledons
(Amshoff).
Petals glabrous unless at base.
Leaves at least the newer lustrous beneath by the dense fine
appressed indument; stipules caducous.
Flowers sessile S. chrysophyllum.
Flowers pedicellate S. paniculatum.
Leaves glabrate or at least not lustrously pubescent; stipules

pectinate.
Leaves more or less acuminate, concolor S. tinctorium.
Leaves acute, bicolor by the dense puberulence S. rigidum.

Petals densely pilose or villous; stipules foliaceous.

Flowers subsessile, the pedicels little if at all exceeding 0.5 mm.;
leaflets several pairs S. setiferum.
Flowers pedicellate, the pedicels at least 1 mm. long; leaflets
2-3 pairs in type S. hypoleucum.
Sclerolobium chrysophyllum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. &

Sp. 3: 60. pi. 266. 1845; 49.
Branchlets and petioles more or less sulcately angled, the latter
sometimes inflated toward the base, early rusty-puberulent but
soon glabrous; leaflets 4-8 pairs, nearly oblong, strongly oblique
at base, shortly acuminate, lustrous and glabrous above or sparsely
and obscurely puberulent, densely appressed sericeous beneath with
fine often yellow trichomes, mostly 12-15 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad,
the stout petiolules about 5 mm. long; spikes densely panicled, the
ashy or rusty-appressed sericeous calyces subsessile, about 4 mm.
long; petals linear, glabrous; filaments pilose; pods oblong, sub-
ligneous. Tree to 30 meters with dense ovate crown (Poeppig).
S. physophorum Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 6: 80. 1909, is described
as having the lower leaflets cordate at base, all abruptly caudate-
acuminate, the petioles strongly inflated. Inasmuch as the petiole

character is present on the Poeppig specimen the validity of Huber's
species be open to question. F.M. Neg. 1799.
may
Loreto: Middle Ucayali, Tessmann 5429 (det. Harms). Rio
Acre: Mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5469. Brazil.
Sclerolobium hypoleucum Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt.

2: 48. 1870.
Branchlets and petioles minutely ashy-tomentulose, soon gla-

brate; stipules foliaceous, broadly ovate, sometimes 3 foliolate, the
terminal 12-18 mm. long and nearly as broad, the lateral smaller
or lacking; leaflets 2-3 pairs, slenderly petiolulate, ovate, rounded
at base, acuminate, mostly 5-10 cm. long, 4-8 cm. broad, becoming
coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, early lustrous, ashy-sericeous
beneath but the fine trichomes deciduous in age revealing the close
reticulate venation; spikes panicled, divaricate, the distinctly
pediceled but crowded flowers very fragrant, their filiform petals
mm. long, sericeous pubescent; filaments
long-pilose; calyx scarcely 4
exserted, pilose at base; pods oval, 3.5-4 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad,
with 1 seed. Tree 10-15 meters with dense crown (Spruce). Related
Amazonian species include S. odoratissima Spruce ex Benth., 48, leaflets
FLORA OF PERU 201
concolor, only minutely and sparsely pubescent beneath, 4-6 pairs,

oblong; S. paraense Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 6: 79. 1909, similar
but the glabrous leaflets 2-4 pairs, lanceolate-oblong to 6 cm. wide,
three times longer; much like it is S. melanocarpum Ducke, Archiv.
Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 2: 43. 1935, but stipules lacking, petioles
grooved, leaflets 4-6 pairs, obovate-oblong, a third shorter, the

petal trichomes long, crisped, yellow. Finally there is S. eriopetalum
Ducke, I.e. 41, with golden pilose petals but the leaflets of S. panicu-
latum except that they are more rigid and yellowish beneath.
F.M. Neg. 1804.
Peru (perhaps). Amazonian Brazil.
Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. Linnaea 11: 397. 1837; 47.
Large the well-petioled leaves with usually 4-6 pairs of

tree,
oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong-lanceolate thickish leaflets that are
densely, usually lustrously, appressed sericeous villous beneath,
finally glabrate and green above, oblique at base, acute, commonly
7-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide; pedicels to 2 mm. long, ashy-tomentose-
pilose as the shorter calyces, these with ovate obtuse lobes twice as
long as the cupulate tube; petals filiform, glabrous, little exserted, the
filaments more conspicuous by virtue of their dense pilosity; ovary
silky-pilose equaled or exceeded by the glabrous style; pods often
oblong, blunt both ends, glaucescent, 14-16 mm. wide to 5 cm.
long when 2-seeded, when 1-seeded shorter and the wing-like margin
about equal both ends. According to Williams the bark is reddish-
brown, the durable timber used for house-posts and construction.
S. Goeldianum Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 6: 78. 1909, might be sought
here; its leaflets are little oblique at the rounded base, finally gla-
brescent. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi 12.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4942; Williams 5701 (det. Harms).
Lamas, Belshaw 3477. Brazil; Dutch Guiana. "Ucsha-cuiro."
Sclerolobium rigidum Macbr., sp. nov.
Arbor 8 m. alta ramulis paullo angulatis, junioribus breviter

ferrugineo-hirsutulis demum glabratis; stipulis subpersistentibus
setaceo-pectinatis ad 12 mm. longis; petiolis valde canaliculatis;
foliolis circa 4-5-jugis crasse petiolulatis (petiolulis 5-7 mm. longis
cum rhachidibus dense ferrugineo-hirsutulis) fere oblongis basi
valde inaequilateris apice obtusis vel breviter acuminatis ad 15 cm.
longis, 5 cm. latis, rigide coriaceis supra subglabris nitidis subtus
dense cano fulvo-sericeo-pubescentibus vix vel haud nitentibus et
ad nervos ferrugineo-hirsutulis, nervis prominentibus imprimis subtus

venulis reticulatis paullo notatis; paniculis dense rufo-velutino-
hirsutulis amplis; floribus sessilibus, sepalis molliter pubescentibus
4 mm. longis, petalis filiformibus glabris 3 mm. longis; filamentis
ad basin aureo-hirsutis; ovario libro aureo-hispido. Apparently
related to S. bracteosum Harms, Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 167.
1907, with leaflets half as broad as long, stipules caducous, bracts
subpersistent conspicuously exceeding the flowers.
Loreto: Pomayacu, 1,000 meters, Klug 3239, type.
Sclerolobium setiferum Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio

Jan. 2: 42. 1935.
A large tree with striately sulcate branchlets, the younger finely
ashy-pubescent as the narrowly canaliculate petioles and rachi
becoming glabrate; stipules foliaceous, subpersisting with several
strongly revolute rather broad divisions; leaflets 7-9 pairs (petio-
lules 5-9 mm. long), oblong, rounded and scarcely if at all in-
equilateral at base, usually shortly acuminate to 13 cm. long, 3.5

cm. broad, coriaceous, glabrate above, densely appressed tomen-
tulose beneath, the indument at first yellowish, finally canes-
cent; veins prominent, reticulate beneath, the nerves impressed
above; flowers sessile or subsessile, the ashy sericeous calyx to 4 mm.
long, the linear petals densely yellow- tomentose; filaments pubescent
at base with rigid reflexed yellowish setae. S. subbidlatum Ducke,
I.e., has concolor leaflets, hispidulous on the nerves and veins beneath,
the stamens long yellowish-pilose nearly to the tips, the petals
sparsely so. Also to be expected (found as near Peru as Sao Paulo
de Olivenca) is S. amplifolium Ducke, I.e. 43, leaflets mostly 15 cm.
long, 6 cm. broad or larger, densely sericeous beneath, the petals
and filaments yellow-pilose. S. Herthae Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 15: 46. 1940, of Ecuador is compared by the author to S.
amplifolium but leaflets not at all lustrous beneath (they are scarcely
so however in Ducke's species, at least the mature ones), 7-15 cm.
long, 2-5 cm. wide, puberulent on the nerves beneath, pilose on the
nerves above, but the flowers are 4 mm. long, golden yellow, larger
than those of S. eriopetalum Ducke.
Rio Acre: Seringal Iracema, (Ducke). Brazil.
Sclerolobium tinctorium Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. Misc.

2: 236. 1850; 49. S. Uleanum Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.
48: 168. 1906. S. Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 235.
1922.
FLORA OF PERU 203
Young branchlets rusty-pubescent; stipules rigid with setaceous

divisions, caducous; leaflets4-8 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, obliquely
rounded and inequilateral at base, typically rather long-acuminate,
7-10 cm. long, (2) 3-3.5 cm. broad, glabrate or sparsely hirtellous
both sides, but lustrous above, firm-chartaceous not at all rugose;
panicles ashy-tomentulose, the trichomes minute, the flowers sessile
on panicled spikes; calyx slightly yellowish-sericeous, 2.5 mm. long,
the longer filiform petals glabrous or with a few cilia at base, the
filaments nearly twice as long and abundantly golden-hirsute below;
pods 6 cm. long, 2 cm. broad. Attains 15 meters or 20, and, fide
Williams, used as S. paniculatum. The Peruvian material has some-
what narrower leaves; S. Uleanum is a little more pubescent, the
trichomes short; in S. Weberbaueri the deciduous bracts exceed the
calyces as in Klug 3291 referred by Harms himself to S. Uleanum.
S. guianense Benth., I.e. 237, seems to be the same except the pubes-
cence longer as in S. Radlkoferi Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 26.
is
1896. seems probable that one variable species is concerned which

It
can be broken up into several "small" species or varieties. Ducke
has described S. macropetalum, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 2:
41. 1935, with the key characters of the above species but in many
respects suggesting S. hypoleucum but the pedicels 3-6 mm. long,
petals to 4mm. long, obovate-oblong. F.M. Negs. 1810; 1803.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule 6450 (type, S. Uleanum). Near
Moyobamba, Klug 3291 (det. Harms, S. Uleanum); Weberbauer
4529 (type, S. Weberbaueri). Lamas, Williams 6467 (det. Harms,
S. Uleanum). Bolivia to the Guianas.
22. CAMPSIANDRA Benth.

Unarmed trees, the imparipinnate leaves with often thick rather
large leaflets, the flowers yellow or rose and borne in short racemes
corymbosely panicled. Stipules, bracts and bractlets if present small
and caducous. Calyx campanulate, with disk, its lobes as the ob-
longish petals imbricate. Stamens 15-60, free. Ovary shortly
stiped or sessile, free in the calyx-tube, the style filiform or short.
Pod large, flattened, straight or curved, piano-compressed, coriaceous,
bivalved, the big seeds exarillate with fragile testa, without albumin,
the radicle short.
Campsiandra angustifolia Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl.

Bras. 15, pt. 2: 55. 1870.
Branchlets and young leaves minutely tomentulose, the many-
flowered inflorescence rusty tomentose, the flowers roseate, 7 mm.
long; petiole grooved and angled above; leaflets 9-13, subsessile,
usually oblong, acuminate, scarcely coriaceous, slenderly veined

both sides, the veins subparallel, 7.5-20 cm. long; pedicels 6-12 mm.
long; calyx scarcely more than 4 mm. long, its segments slightly
shorter than the disk; anthers hirtellous; ovary short, subsessile,
the style short, pod reddish tomentose, 2 dm. long, 5 cm. broad, the
large seeds with thin margin. Bentham questioned if the pod
described belonged to the flowering specimen and probably it does
not, since the Killip and Smith specimen has glabrous pods 1-1.5
dm. long, to 6 cm. wide, venose, flat, thin, apiculate. To 15 meters;
flowers wine red and white (Klug).
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1196 (det. Harms); Killip & Smith
29977 (det. Killip). Brazil.
Campsiandra laurifolia Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 94.

1840; 54. C. rosea Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 62. pi 268.
1845.
Apparently rather like C. angustifolia; leaflets 11-13 rarely 9,

oblong or oblong-elliptic, 2.5-5 cm. wide, finally coriaceous, lustrous
and glabrate above, the veins scarcely conspicuous, opaque beneath
and there the primary veins elevated, reticulate- veiny; pedicels
12-18 mm. long, articulate beneath the calyx, this 5 mm. long, the
obtuse lobes barely 2 mm. long; petals roseate without, white within,
broadly oblong, 10 mm. long or shorter; anthers often hirtellous;
ovary glabrous, stiped; pod (young) narrowly margined at its
dorsal suture, becoming 5 dm. long, 1 dm. broad or larger, coriaceous,
lustrous, the compressed orbiculate seeds margined. C. comosa
Benth., I.e. 93, has 9-foliate leaves, calyx lobes 3-4 mm. long, petals
12 mm. long, 5 mm. wide. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:
pi 15.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1375 (det. Harms). La Victoria,

Williams 2871 Caballo-Cocha, Williams 345. Rio Nanay, Williams
.
1142. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 92. Brazil. "Haucapu-rana."
23. RECORDOXYLON Ducke

Large trees, glabrous except for the ample terminal panicles of
showy golden flowers, these with densely reddish-sericeous calyces.
Calyx- tube campanulate, the 5 segments imbricate. Petals 5,
narrowly to broadly obovate. Stamens 10, free, glabrous. Ovary
sericeous, the style short, thick, incurved with terminal ciliolate
FLORA OF PERU 205
stigma. Pods rather small, oblong, with thin coriaceous fragile

valves, tardily dehiscent, the seeds subcarinately margined, exal-
buminous, not separated by tissue. The genus justly honors the
senior author of "Timbers of the New World," Record and Hess, 1943.
Recordoxylon stenopetalum Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg.

Rio Jan. 4: 16. 1938.
Leaf-rachis narrowly grooved above, usually with 9-11 lanceolate

long-acuminate coriaceous leaflets, the larger to 8.5 cm. long, 2.5 cm.
broad, subconcolor, finely pinnately nerved and reticulate both
sides; buds elongate, obovoid, the pedicels 1 cm. long or longer;
calyx- tube at anthesis 9-11 mm. long, turbinate, the segments about
10 mm.long, oblong; petals to 2.5 cm. long, only 7-9 mm. broad,
long-cuneately narrowed to the clawed base. Similar to R. amazon-
icum Ducke, Trop. Woods 39: 17. 1934, the leaflets mostly 7, the
larger 8-11 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad, obtuse or rarely subacuminate,
the petals 11-18 mm. broad, shortly clawed, the pods (those of R.
stenopetalum unknown) shortly stiped, 10 cm. long, 1.5 cm. broad,
glabrous. Inner wood very hard. Type from Sao Paulo Olivenga,
Brazil, and therefore to be expected in adjacent Peru.
24. POEPPIGIA Presl.
Large tree, the abundant imparipinnate leaves with a great

many small leaflets, the rather inconspicuous yellow flowers in
pyramidately paniculate cymes at the end of the slender curved
or laxly borne branchlets. Bracts and bractlets caducous, mem-
branous. Calyx segments 5, subequal, more or less connate above
the cup-like tube, or sometimes entirely distinct. Petals sub-
equal, oblong, imbricate. Stamens 10, free, glabrous, the anthers
versatile. Stipe of ovary obliquely inserted in calyx tube, the style
short. Pod flat, membranous, narrowly winged on the upper suture,
the 1-2 ovate seeds without albumin, the cotyledon foliaceous, the
radicle erect. Aberrant in the connate calyx-lobes.
Poeppigia procera Presl, Symb. Bot. 1: 16. pi. 8. 1832; 53.
Younger parts including the cymes puberulent, leaflets as many

as 60, crowded, subsessile, oblong, obtuse or slightly retuse, mem-
branous, mostly about 14 mm. long, 4-5 mm.wide, glabrous at
least in age, paler beneath; cymes dichotomous, often only about
half as long as the leaves or 4-5 cm. long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm. long;
calyx oblique, 4 mm. long, usually glabrate without but silky-pilose

within; petals clawed, oblong. 9-11 mm. long, glabrous, about equaled
by the stamens; ovary glabrous or with the stipe villous, the latter
in fruit exserted, the pod elongate, 5-10 cm. long, 12-15 mm. wide,
barely acute both ends, the wing narrow. Attains 25 meters.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5817 (det. Harms). Loreto:
Middle Ucayali, Tessmann 3420. Rio Acre: Mouth Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5708. Brazil to Central America and the West Indies.
"Cedro-pashaco."
25. BATESIA Spruce

A fine tree, sometimes attaining 30 meters with ample impari-
pinnate leaves, the leaflets coriaceous, and medium size yellow
flowers borne racemosely in terminal panicles, the bracts and bract-
lets promptly caducous. Calyx-tube campanulate, the limb with
5 imbricate segments. Petals 5, subequal. Stamens 10, the fila-
ments villous at base, the uniform anthers longitudinally dehiscent.
Ovary free, the short stipe obliquely dilated at tip, the stout style
with terminal concave ciliate stigma. Pods short, somewhat turgid,
subligneous, folliculately dehiscing. Seeds 2-3, transverse, exarillate,
albuminous. Harms wrote on the Peruvian specimen "Batesia is
a very interesting monotype genus." The facies suggests Tachigalia
and according to Pierce it simulates Ormosia in pods and seeds;
its tribal position is therefore questionable.
Genus commemorates Henry Walter Bates, zoologist, who spent

eleven years (1848-59) in the Amazon valleys as described in his
work "The Naturalist on the River Amazons."
Batesia floribunda Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 25:

303. pi. 37. 1865; 56.
Branchlet and petioles fulvescent with a fine close
tips, panicles
tomentum, this more
or less present as a minute puberulence on the
under surfaces of the oblong-elliptic leaflets; petioles often 3 dm.
long, deeply grooved above with 9-13 pairs of petiolate leaflets, at
least the upper stout petiolules separated by a verruciform gland
on the sulcate rachis; leaflets coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous
above, reticulate-veined both sides, mostly 10-14 cm. long, about

half as wide; panicles much branched, the bracts and bractlets
deciduous before anthesis, the pedicels 4-6 mm. long; calyx- tube
short-villouswithin, the segments glabrous within, 4 mm. long;
FLORA OF PERU 207
petals light yellow, about 6 mm. long, narrowly obovate, a little

puberulent toward the base; pods shortly stiped, 2.5-3.5 cm. long,
nearly 2.5 cm. thick, the lustrous seeds bright red. Illustrated,
Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: pi. 16. F.M. Neg. 1530.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Klug 660 (det. Harms). Upper
Rio Nanay, (Fernandez 12346-7, 12350-1, all det. Pierce). Brazil.
"Huairuru Colorado," "wairuru."
26. BAUHINIA [Plum.] L.

Pauletia Cav.; Schnella Raddi.
Reference: Benth. Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 179-212. 1870.
Trees or shrubs (sometimes armed, sometimes scandent with
tendrils) often well marked by the more or less deeply bilobed leaves,
the leaves thus in greater or less degree (to completely) bifoliate,
less frequently entire, 3-many-nerved, the petiole often aristate
between the leaflets (or lobes). Stipules usually small, caducous.
Calyx various (sometimes closed in bud), the limb at anthesis cleft,
spathaceous or 5-lobed. Petals 5, erect or spreading, little unequal.
Perfect stamens 10 or fewer, some reduced to staminodia or wanting;
anthers versatile. Ovary stipe, if present, free or adnate, the ovules
2-many. Pods indehiscent or bivalvate, oblong or linear, mem-
branous to rigid, the compressed seeds albuminous, free or separated
by tissue or septa, the cotyledons plane, the radicle often exserted.
Apparently it was Plumier who had the idea, appropriately
followed by Linnaeus, of naming these plants with usually 2-parted

leaves after the brothers Bauhin, Jean and Caspar, Swiss of the
early seventeenth century who were as famous in botany as in
medicine.
Flower buds more or less elongate, oblong-cylindrical, the limb of
calyx in anthesis divided into 5 lobes or these in part united

or spathaceous; flowers showy, often more than 3 cm. long,
geminate or in open racemes.
Calyx divisions 3 cm. long or longer; leaves often ample.
Angle between leaf lobes acute, narrow.
Leaf lobes one-third to three-fourths as long as the united
portion or leaves bilobed; stipules caducous or indurate-
conical except B. forficata.
Flower buds obtuse or caudate-tipped, not appendaged;
petals often linear or oblong-linear.
Leaves minutely puberulent beneath; petals narrowly

linear-acuminate.
Flower buds obtuse B. longifolia.
Flower buds caudate-acuminate B. urocalyx.
Leaves glabrous; petals obtuse.
Leaf lobes obtuse or acute; stipules flat, pungent.
B. forficata.
Leaf lobes acuminate; stipules conical, blunt.
B. tarapotensis.
Flower buds crowned by 5 narrow caducous teeth; petals
broad, obtuse B. baina.
Leaf lobes usually much less than one-fourth of united portion;
stipules aculeiform, flattened.
Leaflets shortly villous beneath; flower buds 5-cusped.
B. martinensis.
Leaflets appressed puberulent beneath; flower buds not
appendaged B. acreana.
Angle between leaf lobes broad, the lobes spreading.
Lobes rounded, the angle shallow; branches armed.
B. aculeata.
Lobes acuminate, the angle deep; branches unarmed.
B. Straussiana.
Calyx divisions much shorter than 3 cm.; leaves small.
Leaves villous-puberulent beneath B. Augusti.
Leaves glabrous or nearly B. Weberbaueri.
Flower buds short, the limb of calyx at anthesis irregular, 3-5-parted
or truncate; flowers usually small or medium, racemose, if about
3 cm. long the calyx longitudinally winged.
Flower buds entire, subsessile.
Stems and leaves glabrous or nearly B. microstachya.
Stems and leaves beneath reddish pubescent B. Klugii.
Flower buds crowned by 5 lobes, teeth or setae.
Calyx not longitudinally winged.
Leaves lobed.
Teeth of flower buds setiform B. suaveolens.
Teeth of flower buds lanceolate or broader.
Leaflets lustrous beneath with a dense, closely appressed
red indument.
FLORA OF PERU 209
Bracts not foliaceous B. cupreonitens.

Bracts foliaceous B. rutilans.
Leaflets if pubescent not as above.
Leaflets glabrous or the trichomes appressed.
Leaflets deeply lobed; calyx toothed B. Uleana.
Leaflets barely lobed; calyx lobed B. accrescens.
Leaflets conspicuously pilose beneath, the trichomes
spreading B. porphyrotricha.
Leaves entire (cf. B. accrescens).
Calyx teeth setiform B. Gueniheri.
Calyx teeth oblong.
Bracts not foliaceous.
Leaves ovate-oblong, whitish beneath. .B. Tessmannii.
Leaves broadly ovate-orbicular, red-lustrous beneath.
B. Kunthiana.
Bracts foliaceous, persisting B. rutilans.
Calyx longitudinally winged B. Viorna.
Bauhinia accrescens Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.

Liana; ramulis novellis subangulatis obscure puberulis; petiolis
2.5-4 cm. longis; foliis integris vel ad apicem breviter lobatis fere
orbiculatis ad 13 cm. longis et latis, basi paullo vel vix cordatis,
subcoriaceis, junioribus sericeo-pilosis demum obscure sericeo-
puberulentis; racemis in paniculam dispositis spiciformibus 4-10
cm. longis subadpresse rufo-pilosis; pedicellis circa 1 mm. longis;
alabastris ovoideis, costato-striatis lobis 5 oblongis 4-6 mm. longis
coronatis; floribus ignotis. None of the several species with appen-
daged flower buds seem to have the leaves or inflorescence of this
so we venture to propose it as undescribed even without flowers;
it belongs however evidently in section Tylotea. The seemingly
accrescent calyx lobes were white, according to the collector.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, King 528 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Bauhinia acreana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 307.

1915.
Shrub or small the branchlet tips and leaves beneath ap-

tree,
pressed puberulent; stipules indurate-conical petioles 1-1.5 cm.
;
long; leaves broadly ovate, rounded or lightly emarginate at base,

shortly bilobed (the lobes rarely one-fourth as long as the united
portion), obtuse, nearly glabrous above, submembranous, 9-11-

nerved, 4-9 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. broad; flower buds narrowly
lanceolate, rusty-puberulent, obtuse or acutish, finally with the
pedicel 7-9 cm. long; petals 5, lanceolate; ovary long-stiped, pubes-
cent. The pod according to Ducke is 2-3 dm. long (not including
stipe, this about 5 cm. long), 2-2.5 cm. wide, glabrous at maturity,
the flowers pure white only at night, the longer stamens with anthers
twice the length of the others. Evidently belongs as the author
indicates to B. forficata and allies which compare. F.M. Neg. 1561.
Rio Acre: Ule 9441, type. Brazil.
Bauhinia aculeata L. Sp. PI. 374. 1753.
Shrub, the often stocky flowering branchlets usually conspicuously

aculeateby the curved or straight geminate spinescent stipules, these
2-5 mm. long; branchlet tips, petioles and flower buds minutely
and scarcely densely brownish-puberulent; petioles 1.5-2.5 cm.
long; leaves shallowly bilobed (the lobes broadly rounded), openly
cordate at base, usually 6-10 cm. broad, 5-9 cm. long or sometimes
suborbicular, membranous, glabrous above, paler beneath and more
or less puberulent-pilose or glabrate, 7-9-nerved; flower buds
obtuse, finally 5-7 cm. long; calyx spathaceous, 4-5 cm. long; petals
broadly obovate, obtuse, 6-7 cm. long, to about 2 cm. broad, long-
clawed; ovary shortly hirsutulous; pods long stiped, 10-13 cm. long,
15-18 mm. broad, somewhat verruculose and sparsely puberulent.
B. grandiflora Juss. in Poiret, Encycl. Suppl. 1: 600. 1810, based on
a Dombey herbarium specimen in Herb. Jussieu, is probably from
Ecuador, the specimen actually Tafalla; it seems to be the more
densely puberulent form represented by Weberbauer 7716. Wilkes
Expedition got it near Lima, "probably introduced."
Tumbez: Shrub 4 meters high, rainy-green formation, Hacienda
La Choza, Weberbauer 7716. Huanuco: Sawada P46; shrub or dense
tree, flowers white, fragrant, 8539; Ruiz & Pavdn; Stork & Norton
9383. Ecuador. "Unas de gato."
Bauhinia August! Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 234. 1922.
Densely leafy shrub, the branchlet tips, leaves beneath and calyces
rather closely puberulent-pilose; petioles 5-15 mm. long; leaves
suborbicular, cordate at base, the sinus open, 3-5 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm.
wide, scarcely medially bilobed, the ovate lobes rounded or sometimes
acutish, chartaceous, glabrous above, each lobe with 3-4 nerves
prominent beneath as the reticulate venation; pedicels 5-10 mm.
FLORA OF PERU 211
long; flower buds about 3.5 cm. long; petals oblanceolate, 2- nearly
3 cm. long, about 4 mm. broad; filaments sparsely hirsute; ovary
stiped. Two
meters high, the flowers white. F.M. Neg. 1567.
Cajamarca: Mouth of Rio Chinchipe, Prov. Jae*n, 800 meters,
August Weberbauer 6224, type.
Bauhinia baina Macbr., spec. nov.

Frutex(?) glaber; ramulis teretibus; stipulis plus minusve conico-
induratis; petiolis 3-4 cm. longis; foliis late ovatis circa Y$ acute
bilobis 9-nerviis 14 cm. longis, 8-10 cm. latis, basi rotundato-
truncatis vel vix cordatis, submembranaceis ubique tenuiter reticu-
lato-venosis; pedicellis circa 4 cm. longis; alabastris apice breviter
5-setis; sepalis oblongo-acuminatis, 5-6 cm. longis; petalis evidente
late oblongis, obtusis, circa 10 cm. longis. The specimen, badly
damaged in mounting, does not permit of exact definition of the
flower but the relationship of the species seems clearly to be with
B. forficata Link and allies with broad petals from all of which it is
apparently distinct in character of stipules and leaves except B. tara-

potensis from which the setose-tipped buds and broader petals
presumably separate it validly.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Williams 186, type. "Baina," "vaina."
Bauhinia cupreonitens Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4:

56. 1925.
Cirrose liana, the stems sinuous and aplanate, the younger

branchlets and inflorescences including the flowers without, red-
tomentulose; leaves rigid-coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above,
beautifully lustrous red-tomentose beneath, 7 (rarely 9) -nerved,
triangularly lobed one-tenth exceptionally to one-fifth, often sub-
entire, usually 5-13 cm. long, about as broad at the cordate base;
bracts and bractlets much shorter than the calyx, the flower buds
with 5 suborbicular teeth scarcely 1.5 mm. broad. Calyx lobes
white as in the similar B. rubiginosa Bong, but with lobed leaves;
the related B. rutilans usually has entire leaves but ovate foliaceous
bracts. F.M. Neg. 16923.
Loreto: Iquitos, Ducke 20326. Brazil.
Bauhinia forficata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 404. 1821.

Becoming a tree often 10 meters high with pendulous or glabrous
branchlets, these usually aculeate with flat spines, leaves usually
divided below the middle, glabrous or puberulent, membranous,
typically 9-nerved, rounded or scarcely emarginate at base, usually
7-10 cm. long, the slightly divergent ovate lobes obtuse or acute;
flowers apparently variable in size, the cylindrical calyx-tube
typically 12-25 mm. long, the divisions to 5 cm. long, coherent in
a spathe, the petals about as long, broadly linear or oblong, obtusish;
anthers all linear; pods 1.5-2.5 dm. long, about 2 cm. broad, the
stipe to 5 cm. long. The following collections, referred here at
Dahlem Herbarium (not studied), are probably B. tarapotensis.
Loreto: Caballo-Cocha, (Raimondi). Amazonas: Chachapoyas,
(Raimondi) . San Martin Moyobamba, (Raimondi) To Rio Janeiro.
: .
Bauhinia Guentheri Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:

969. 1926.
A stout-stemmed liana, the younger branchlets and leaves

beneath more or less rusty-puberulent; petioles 1.5-4 cm. long;
leaves to about 10 cm. long, 7 cm. wide, entire, ovate, broadly
rounded and lightly emarginate at base, sharply acuminate, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous and somewhat lustrous above, conspicuously
reticulate- veinedbeneath, the nerves 7; racemes short-panicled,
rusty-puberulent, the pedicels 4-6 mm. long, the bracts broadly
lanceolate, acute, villous, about 4 mm. long, the slightly remote
bractlets nearly as long; calyx rusty- villous, the tube 5 mm. long,
the short setiform teeth 1-2 mm. long; petals white, narrow, 12 mm.
long, yellow-brown villous without. Type specimen from liana 8 cm.
in diameter, 12 meters high. F.M. Neg. 1584.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Guenther Tessmann 1+375, type.
Bauhinia Klugii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 143. 1940.
Cirrose liana, apparently unarmed, the branchlets, petioles and

panicles densely reddish villous-tomentose, the longer trichomes
spreading; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long; leaves parted one- third their
length (the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse or shortly acute), truncate or
emarginate at base where 5-8 cm. broad, slightly lustrous above,
finely reticulate-veined, glabrate, paler beneath and subappressed
pilose, especially on the 11 prominent nerves; racemes terminal,
fascicled or panicled; peduncles to 7 cm. long, the panicles some-
times 12 cm. long; pedicels to 5 mm. long, the linear bracts as long;
calyx 7-8 mm. long, the rusty-pilose bud subrostrate, the subequal
lobes triangular ovate, about as long as the tube; petals glabrous,
nearly twice as long as the calyx; fertile stamens 10; ovary densely
villous. Liana, the buds golden-yellow, in mountain forest.
San Martin: Chazuta, 260 meters, Klug 4027, type.
FLORA OF PERU 213
Bauhinia Kunthiana Vog. Linnaea 13: 312. 1839. B. rosea

Miq. Linnaea 18: 598. 1844.
Cirrose liana, the dark-colored slender branchlets and long petioles
as the rachis of the very elongating racemes (except at tip) glabrous
or sparsely appressed-pilose; stipules falcate-ovate, deciduous; leaves
entire or minutely bilobed, nearly orbicular, usually about 8 cm.
broad and long, abruptly acuminate or obtuse, openly cordate at
base, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, appressed lustrous
tomentose (the trichomes more or less reddish) beneath; pedicels
and flower buds reddish, appressed-pilose, about 6 mm. long, the
latter ovoid, narrowed at the 5-dentate tip; bracts and bractlets
usually narrow, 4-8 mm. long; petals obovate, long-clawed, glabrous
except at base, 2 cm. long; ovary villous. High climbing, the bracts
whitish, the petals bright rose color (Ducke). F.M. Neg. 1590.
Huanuco: Without locality, (Ruiz & Pavdn; Raimondi, det.
Dahlem). Amazonian Brazil; Guianas.
Bauhinia longifolia (Bong.) Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2. 1: 191.

1840. Pauletia longifolia Bong. Me"m. Acad. Petrop. se>. 6. 4: 14.
pi. 7 (leaf). 1836; 192.
Branchlet tips and flower buds minutely and sordidly rusty-
puberulent, stipules small, somewhat indurate; petioles 2.5-3 cm.
long; leaves ample, one-third to one-half bilobed (ovate lobes more
or less acuminate), broadly ovate or even suborbicular, truncate or
lightly cordate at base, membranous, dull and reticulate-veined both
sides, 7-11 or exceptionally 13-nerved, under a lens minutely and
sparsely puberulent beneath; flowers usually 2 in each axil, the
pedicels 8-16 mm. long; bracts scale-like, caducous; flower buds
ecostate, obtuse, when very young obscurely denticulate at tip, to
7 cm. long; calyx lobes spathaceous, to 8 cm. long, the narrow acumi-
nate petals to 12 cm. long; ovary tomentulose; pods 1.5-2 dm. long,
about 18 mm. broad, long-stiped, finally glabrous. The Peruvian
material seems to be larger-flowered than the type from Minas
Geraes, and at least some of the following material could perhaps
better be referred to B. tarapotensis. Determinations except as noted
mostly by Standley.
Junin: tree, branches spreading, La Merced, 5412.
Slender
Rio 600 meters, Killip & Smith 25165. Puerto Bermudez,
Perene",
Killip & Smith 26408. Loreto: Balsapuerto, tree 6 meters, Klug
2974. Mouth of Rio Santiago, Mexia 6158 (det. Standl., B. tara-
potensis) Rio Paranapura, Klug 3941 Locality illegible, Tessmann
.
3806 (det. Dahlem, B. tarapot ensis) Florida, King 2169.

. Rio Acre:
Ule 9440 (det. Harms); Rio Macauhan, tree 20 meters, Krukoff
5293. Brazil. "Fuy-cay-berao" (Huitoto), "machete vaina."
Bauhinia martinensis Macbr., spec. nov.

Ut videtur affinis B. acreana, differt ramulisfoliisque subtus
molliter breviterque villosulis; alabastris apice 5-cuspidatis. In
spite of only these apparent differences from the imperfect specimens
at hand it seems preferable to give them a specific name rather than
regard them as a variety because the nature of the pubescence is
entirely different from the minute appressed puberulence of B.
acreana; in pubescence B. martinensis resembles B. emarginata Mill.
of Colombia with much smaller flowers. Its shortly lobed leaves
apparently separate it from pubescent forms or allies of B. forficata
Link, of Brazil and Paraguay. A
number of species have the younger
flower buds variously appendaged at tip, as B. membranacea Benth.,
B. corniculata Benth., and B. bicuspidata Benth., the first two with
glabrous or minutely puberulent leaves, the last with leaves red-
pubescent beneath, the leaves of all deeply or obtusely lobed. A
pod from the collection by Spruce is obscurely puberulent, narrowed
to apex, 2 cm. wide at base, 12 cm. long; it was distributed as B.
grandiflora Juss. affine, with "rounded obtuse lobes"; cf. B. aculeata.
The Klug specimen was from a 4-meter tree with white flowers.
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4228, type. Near Tarapoto, Spruce
4481.
Bauhinia microstachya (Raddi) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb,

n. ser. 59: 22. 1919. B. Langsdorffiana Bong. Me"m. Acad. Petrop.
se"r. 109. pi. 1. 1836; 204.
6. 4: Schnella microstachya Raddi, Quar.
Piant. Bras. Nuov. 33. 1820.
Cirrose, the branchlets and long racemes, these spike-like and

often 1.5-2 dm. long, more or less evanescently rusty-puberulent,
the trichomes appressed; leaves bilobed to the middle or above, the
lobes bluntly acute or acuminate, the blade usually suborbicular,
6-10 cm. broad and long, widely cordate at base, finely reticulate-
veined and lustrous both sides, 7-9-nerved, inconspicuously and
sparsely appressed-pilose beneath; flower buds subglobose or ovoid,
scarcely apiculate; bracts minute, caducous; calyx lobes 4-5; petals
glabrous or sparsely pilose, about 5 mm. long; ovary sessile, reddish-
villous; pods shortly stiped, oblong, membranous, obtuse but mucro-
nate by the strongly excentric style, 5 cm. long, 12-16 mm. broad.
FLORA OF PERU 215
The species apparently is not included by Ducke in the Amazon

region, although Spruce 1522, from Manaos, was referred here by
Bentham; I have seen no material for comparison.
San Martin: Chazuta, 260 meters, King 4060 (det. Standl.).
Loreto: Florida, King 2067; 2073 (det. Standl.). Balsapuerto,
King 3004. Middle Rio Maranon, Tessmann 4972. Brazil.
Bauhinia porphyrotricha Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin

6: 307. 1915. B. Killipiana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 143. 1940.
Scandent or the softly red-pilose branches supported in thickets,
often cirrose, petioles 2.5-5.5 cm. long, conspicuously red or purplish-
pilose with spreading hairs as also the elongating racemes even to
the calyces; stipules persisting, broadly ovate-falcate to 10 mm. long;
leaf lobes shortly acuminate to acutish, one-third to nearly one-half
the length of the blade, this 5-14 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, 9-11 (13)
-nerved, deeply cordate at base, subcoriaceous, lustrous, glabrous,
reticulate-veined above, paler beneath and more conspicuously
veined as well as more or less pilose hirsutulous; bracts oblong-
lanceolate, the bractlets at calyx base 7-8 mm. long, the pedicels
about as long; calyx campanulate with 5 lanceolate teeth, 4-5 mm.
long, the striate tube somewhat longer; petals obovate-oblong,
villous, 15 mm. long; ovary densely hirsute- villous; pods oblanceolate,
glabrous or nearly, 7 cm. long, 2 cm. wide (immature). There is,
it seems to me, no difference in Klug 4289 except that the leaves
are more softly subappressed pilose beneath, the pubescence not so

confined to the veins and nerves as in typical form; it may become
var. Killipiana (Standl.) Macbr., comb. nov. (B. Killipiana
Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 22:143. 1940). Another variant, or perhaps
distinct specifically, has broader leaves with pubescence of var.
Killipiana but calyx appressed sericeous and at present may be
called var. Smithiana Killip & Macbr., var. nov., ut var. Killipiana
sed foliis subrotundatis, ovario adpresse sericeo (type, Killip &
Smith 26296}. F.M. Neg. 1605.
San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4289 (type, B. Killipiana}. Junin:
In river bank brush, flowers salmon pink, La Merced, 5557. Puerto
Bermudez, Killip & Smith 26599 (var. Smithiana}. Rio Perene",
Killip & Smith 25137 (var. Smithiana}. Puerto Yessup, Killip &
Smith 26296 (type, var. Smithiana}. Loreto: Near Yurimaguas,
petals white, faintly pink-striped, Killip & Smith 27601 Fortaleza,
.
flowers cream, Klug 2800. Middle Aguaytia (probably Ucayali),

Tessmann 3168. Puno: Soukup 1140. Rio Acre: Seringal San
Francisco, Ule 9439, type.
Bauhinia rutilans Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,

pt. 2: 206. 1870.
Cirrose liana, well marked by the beautiful sheen of the dense
minute red or copper-colored tomentum that covers the young
branchlets, inflorescence and particularly the leaves beneath, these
entire, ovate-acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above,
5-7-nerved, commonly 7-12 cm. long, nearly as broad at the rounded
base; petioles to 2.5 cm. long; racemes terminal, 5-12 cm. long,
simple or paniculately branched, the pedicels rarely longer than 2
mm., the bracts foliaceous, petiolate, ovate, often shorter than the
calyx, this costate-striate, about 6 mm. long, with persisting spread-
ing suborbiculate lobes 3 mm. broad and with obliquely orbiculate
bractlets at base; petals violet, twice as long as the calyx, puberulent
without, the unequal stamens scarcely exserted. Illustrated, Mart.
Fl. Bras. I.e. pi. 53. F.M. Neg. 21798.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, King 626; 652; 264 (all det. Killip). Brazil.
Bauhinia Straussiana Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6:

308. 1915.
Branchlets densely brown-velvety as also the petioles (these
1-2 cm. long), the rachis of the short racemes and the linear-lanceo-
late elongate acutish flower buds, these 5.5 cm. long or longer;
leaf lobeswidely divaricate, ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate,
extending more than two-thirds the length of the leaf blade, this
14-21 cm. long, 8-16 cm. broad at the slightly cordate base, some-
what lustrous and glabrous above, shortly but not densely hirsute-
villous beneath, 7-9-nerved, rather coarsely reticulate- veined;
racemes terminal, many-flowered; ovary densely villous, long-stiped,
the stipe glabrous or nearly. Shrub to 15 meters high, allied by the
author to B. grandifolia Steud., Amazonian, but that species more
pubescent with acute flower buds; the species is named for H.
Strauss, long head-gardener of Dahlem. F.M. Neg. 1617.
Rio Acre: Cobija, Ule 9442, type.
Bauhinia suaveolens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 320. 1824.

B. longipetala (Benth.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 1 852. 1842; 210. Schnella
:
longipetala Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 98. 1840.
Sparsely cirrose liana, typically merely puberulent on the leaves

beneath, and on the racemes, apparently sometimes these parts
densely pubescent; petioles 2-5 cm. long; leaves subrotund, broadly
cordate at base, reticulate-veined both sides, 9-11-nerved, lustrous
FLORA OF PERU 217
above, paler beneath, membranous, 4 cm. long and broad to more

than twice as large, bilobed to the middle or nearly biparted, lobes
rounded or barely acutish; racemes terminal and axillary, solitary,
peduncled, the striately angled rachis and calyces appressed sericeous-
puberulent; pedicels 10-12 mm. long; bracts linear, 4-6 mm. long,
the caducous bractlets as long; flower buds nerved, narrowed both
ends, crowned with 5 setiform teeth 2-3 mm. long; petals white,
oblong, obtuse, pilose without, about 2 cm. long; stamens 10, all
fertile, the filaments glabrous; ovary hirsute. This includes, at
least as to Peru, B. heterophylla HBK. I.e. 319, the leaflets more
usually ovate-oblong, the lobes often more pointed, and 5. cumanensis
HBK. I.e. 321, similar except for the often dull leaves with sometimes
fewer (7-9) leaf nerves and considerably smaller flowers (petals
about 12 mm. long) ; also according to Ducke it is generally trailing
in wet fertile clays and has been found on the Rio Abunan, ranging
north to Colombia and Venezuela; it may nevertheless be expected
within the eastern boundaries of Peru. B. longipetala is apparently
the same as B. suaveolens; Ducke has recorded the former as a low
vine, characteristic of river margins liable to inundation. I have
not seen the type of B. longipetala from British Guiana but it seems
desirable to note the very pubescent form of the species as it occurs
in Peru as B. suaveolens, var. loretana Macbr., var. nov., foliis
subtus conspicue subadpresse pubescentibus. F.M. Neg. 1619.
Cajamarca: Near Cavico, on the Rio Guamcabamba, Bonpland,
type. Bellavista, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem, B. heterophylla), below
Chirinos, flowers roseate, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem, B. heterophylla}.
San Martin: Juanjui, flowers white and violet, Klug 3893; 41911.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem, B. hetero-
phylla). Loreto: Lower Morona, middle Maranon, Tessmann 4919,
var. Dahlem, B. longipetala). Mishuyacu, Klug 485; 1068,
(det.
var.; 1010; 595. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 366 (type of var., det.
Standl., B. Uleana). Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 28310, var.
"Niormo," "pasionaria."
Bauhinia tarapotensis Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2:

198. 1870.
Tree, glabrous except the

densely puberulent inflorescence;
stipules ovate-conical, not aculeate; leaves ample,
subpersisting,
but glabrous, mostly 11-nerved and divided
similar to B. longifolia
one-third or to the middle, the lobes typically acuminate; flower
buds obtuse; calyx lobes to 10 cm. long, more or less spathaceous;
petals narrow, obtuse, about as long; pods to 2 dm. long, 2.5 cm.
broad or broader. Bibliographers have overlooked the place of

publication of this species. F.M. Negs. 1620; 27957.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4417, type. Juanjui, tree to 15
meters, flowers white and rose, Klug 4234; 3851 (both det. Standl., B.
longifolia). Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2101 (probably). Mouth
of Santiago, Tessman 4627 (det. Harms). Ecuador; Colombia(?).
Bauhinia Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:

261. 1925.
A liana allied to B. Kunthiana but the leaves oblong-elliptic,
pale beneath with a very fine close indument, pubescent bracts
nearly 1 cm. long, and oblong calyx teeth 3 mm. long; older bark
exfoliating; leaves chartaceous, 5-7 nerves prominent beneath,
7-12 cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. broad; panicles axillary and terminal,
densely flowered, brown pubescent; pedicels 4-8 mm. long; petals
white, shortly villous without, 13-15 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 1622.
Loreto: Cachibo Playa, Tessmann 3274, type.
Bauhinia Uleana Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 166.

1906.
Scandent, glabrous except for a sparse and minute puberulence

on the younger parts including the leaves beneath and the calyces;
petioles slender, to 5 cm. long; leaves nearly cordate-orbicular,
bilobed at least to the middle (lobes acuminate), lustrous and densely
reticulate- veined both sides, usually about 6 cm. long and broad
to probably twice as large; racemes on slender peduncles, densely
flowered; bracts and bractlets linear-lanceolate; pedicels 4-6 mm.
long; calyx- tube striate, the teeth lanceolate; petals 14-15 mm.
long, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, more or less sericeous pubescent
or villous without; ovary densely hirsute- villous. The Rio Acre
specimen has thinner leaves, paler beneath, the venation much
coarser, the flowers larger. F.M. Neg. 1624.
San Martin: Juan Guerra, near Tarapoto, Ule 2643, type.
Rio Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5422.
Bauhinia urocalyx Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 308.

1915.
Scandent shrub; petioles to 3.5 cm. long; leaves sub ovate, bilobed
nearly to base (lobes more or less acute) where rounded to lightly cor-
date, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous and somewhat lustrous
above, opaque and minutely puberulent beneath, 7-9-nerved, the
FLORA OF PERU 219
transverse veins little prominent, 1-2 dm. long, 9-14 cm. broad;
racemes terminal, many-flowered, 1.5-3 dm. long or longer, the rachis
appressed-tomentulose; flower buds shortly pediceled, brown puberu-
lent, the tips extended as a slender point; calyx finally to 7 cm. long;
petals narrowly linear, long-clawed; filaments hirsute- villous at base;
ovary shortly tomentulose. To be expected in eastern Peru, several
sterile specimens from Rio Itaya and Yurimaguas perhaps belonging
here. F.M. Neg. 1625.
Rio Acre: Rio Jurua-Miri, Ule 5542, type.
Bauhinia Viorna Standl. in herb.
Speciei B. pterocalyx Ducke similis, differt foliis apice fere ad

basin partitis, lobis haud falcatis et obtusis. Material meager and
possibly only a variant of Ducke's species, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio
Jan. 3: 109. 1922, which with B. alata Ducke, I.e. 4: 55. 1925, have
been the only species known with prominently winged calyces. In
B. alata the leaves are entire; in B. pterocalyx they are bilobed nearly
to the middle, the lobes falcate and acuminate. B. Viorna is appar-
ently similar except as noted; its leaves are glabrous unless for
a fine and sparse pubescence beneath, the largest of the few shown,
7 cm. long, 6 cm. wide; pedicels 15 mm.; calyx finely appressed
pubescent, 2 cm. long, the longitudinal wings most pronounced at
base; appendages of the buds ovate-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long,
persisting in an thesis; petals roseate, 3 cm. long, densely rusty- villous
without, these characters all shared, at least in degree, with Ducke's
species.
San Martin: Juanjui, King 4283, type.
Bauhinia Weberbaueri Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 91. 1908.

B. Ruiziana Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 234. 1922.
Low, stocky, sometimes procumbent shrub; petioles 2-10 mm.

long, puberulent; leaves suborbicular or broadly ovate, somewhat
cordate at base, at least medially bilobed (lobes obtuse or rounded),
1-4 cm. long, nearly as broad, obscurely puberulent especially
at base beneath or glabrate, slightly lustrous, finely reticulate-
veined, opaque and glabrous above; flowers solitary, the oblong-
oblanceolate petals 3-4 cm. long, to 1.5 cm. broad; pedicels 7-15 mm.
long; calyx spathaceous, subacute in bud, about 2 cm. long; ovary
glabrous or nearly; pods oblanceolate, acuminate, about 4 cm. long,
1.5 cm. broad. Flowers fragrant, bright pink. As Harms himself
suggested, B. Ruiziana had little but a difference in size and habit
to distinguishit which seems of no value now that similar variation
isapparent in B. Ruiziana. F.M. Negs. 1628; 1609 (B. Ruiziana);

29408 (B. Ruiziana).
Cajamarca: Below Rambran, 2,000 meters, in rocks, Weberbauer
4802, type; 190. Huanuco: Ambo, 2411 ; 3164; Ruiz, type. Sawada
PlOS. Near Huanuco, 3503; Raimondi.
27. LECOINTEA Ducke

Unarmed trees with simple leaves and few-flowered axillary
racemes of small yellow flowers. Stipules caducous. Calyx-tube
turbinate-campanulate, the limb nearly or quite entire, rarely
laterally cleft. Stamens 10 or 9, free; anthers basally affixed, long-
dehiscent. Ovary stiped, 4-6-ovuled, the curved or straight style
exserted in bud; stigma small, obliquely terminal. Pod indehiscent,
thick but compressed, coriaceous, with 1 or 2 exarillate exalbuminous
seeds. With the aspect of Zollernia Mart, but with well-developed
calyx-tube, in this respect resembling Exostylis Schott but the calyx
limb cupulate in Lecointea, cleft and reflexed or deciduous or 3-4
parted in the related genera. Genus named for the well-known
engineer and naturalist, Paul Le Cointe.
Wood "pracuuba" or "paracuuba," very durable, excellent for
fine work and
for fuel; it is preferred by Amazonian turtle fishermen
for the part of the spear to which the iron is attached (Ducke,
Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 130. 1922).
Lecointea ovalifolia Macbr., spec. nov.

L. peruviana differt foliis ovalis vel interdum subrotundatis, 5 cm.
longis, 3^4.5 cm. latis, bracteis minutis, caduceis. In spite of the
fact that no other differences are apparent in this flowering material
itseems preferable to propose this tree as distinct specifically rather
than treat it as a variant; of course it may prove to be only a variety,
especially since the locality is the same.
San Martin: Juanjui, in flower in October, Klug 3853, type.
Lecointea peruviana Standl., in herb.

Arbor glabra 8 m. alta; petiolis 3 mm. longis; foliis integris ob-
longo-ellipticis basi oblique acutis vel plus minusve obtusis, apice
breviter obtuseque acuminatis utrinque paullo nitidulis et tenuiter
reticulato-venulosis circa 11 cm. longis, 5 cm. latis; racemis solitaribus
2 cm. longis; bracteis striatis 2.5 mm. longis, subpersistentibus;
FLORA OF PERU 221
pedicellis circa 3mm. longis, baud reflexis; calycibus 3 mm. longis;

petalis ochroleuceis subaequalibus circa 4 mm. longis; ovario glabro.
Distributed as a species of Zollernia; the original and only species
of Lecointea heretofore known, L. amazonica Ducke, Archiv. Jard.
Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 129. 1922 with illustration, 128, has larger leaves,
pubescent racemes and ovary.
San Martin Juanjui,
: in flower in April, Klug 4284, type.
28. SWARTZIA Schreb.
Reference: Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 2: 14-40. 1870.

Smooth trees or large shrubs with oddly pinnate or 1-foliate
leaves, and rather conspicuous flowers in racemes, these often short
and fascicled at the older nodes, sometimes panicled, rarely solitary.
Stipules caducous. Bracts and bractlets caducous or the latter
infrequently persisting. Calyx-tube disk-like or obsolete, the limb
before anthesis entire and obovoid or globose, afterwards variously
ruptured or rarely cyathiform and erose-dentate. Flowers with
one crinkled petal (the standard) or two reduced lateral petals,
rarely with none. Stamens many, free or nearly, declinate and
incurved-ascending, the anthers uniform (or some filaments longer),
basally affixed. Ovary stiped, many-ovuled. Pods ovoid or elongate,
turgid or subterete, coriaceous or fleshy, bivalved or indehiscent
with reniform ovoid or globose rarely albuminous arillate seeds.
Leaves unifoliate, ample, several cm. wide.

Anthers of larger stamens linear; leaves oblongish, acuminate.
S. pendula.
Anthers of larger stamens oblong; leaves elliptic, acute.
S. calophylla.
Leaves with 2-many pairs of leaflets or if rarely unifoliate the leaflets
small.
Calyx at anthesis cyathiform; flowers in short, dense even sub-

capitate racemes.
Leaflets about 1 cm. wide; calyx 5 mm. high. . .S. Weberbaueri.
Leaflets usually wider; calyx 3 mm. high S. Matthewsii.
Calyx at anthesis parted; flowers few or many but loosely borne.

Leaflets 3, rarely solitary, small and unequal.
Stamens 20 or fewer, subequal S. arbor escens.
Stamens unequal, 10-20 larger and many smaller .S. myrtifolia.

Leaflets 5-many pairs, ample and little if at all unequal.
Leaflets 3 cm. wide or narrower or the flowers small; ovary

densely pubescent.
Flowers about 1 cm. long on pedicels as long.
S. cardiosperma.
Flowers much smaller on short pedicels S. Tessmannii.
Leaflets all or mostly 4 cm. wide or wider; ovary glabrous
except S. amplifolia.
Petal to 4 cm. long; young leaves pilose beneath.
S. macrosema.
Petal much smaller.
Leaves ample, the leaflets 1.5 dm. long or longer; pedicels
soon about 1 cm. long S. amplifolia.
Leaves medium, the leaflets rarely 1.5 dm. long, the

pedicels about 5 mm. long.
Leaflets submembranous, opaque, the nerves remote,
obscure S. opacifolia.
Leaflets subcoriaceous, veiny, nerves approximate.

S. acuminata.
Swartzia acuminata Willd. ex Vog. in Linnaea 11: 173. 1837;

36.
Large tree, glabrous except for a minute puberulence on the

young racemes and flower buds; leaflets 9-13 (petiolules about 5
mm. long), broadly oblong-elliptic, rounded at base, rather abruptly
caudate acuminate, usually 7-10 cm. long, 4-5.5 cm. broad, some-
what lustrous above, the subparallel veins obvious both sides;
racemes lateral, many-flowered, often 2 dm. long; bracts minute;
pedicels 4-6 mm. long; flower buds globose, 6 mm. thick; petal
white, cordate-orbiculate, apparently 2 cm. broad; larger stamens 5,
slightly longer than the many smaller ones; ovary glabrous. To
20 meters high, the bark deeply fissured (Spruce). The fruit has
one seed sometimes as large as an egg (Ducke). F.M. Neg. 1820.
Peru: (fide Ducke). Brazil; Colombia. "Pitaica," "muira-
cutaea."
Swartzia amplifolia Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:

970. 1926.
Tree, glabrous except for the brownish-puberulent elongate many-

flowered lateral racemes, the leaves ample, often 4 dm. long or longer
and with 4-5 pairs of leaflets that apparently may become 3 dm.
FLORA OF PERU 223
long,8-10 cm. broad; petiolules stout, 3-5 mm. long; leaflets oblong
or oblanceolate, rounded or subacute at base, shortly acuminate,
chartaceous or in age subcoriaceous, the primary nerves prominent
beneath, impressed above; pedicels 7-12 mm.
long; flower buds
subglobose, scarcely apiculate; calyx divisions 4-5; petal shortly
clawed, broadly obovate, about 2 cm. long, nearly as wide; stamens
numerous, apparently all the same size; ovary narrowly lanceolate,
tomentulose puberulent. Bark with few to many small ridges
(Williams); type from tree 12 meters high, the petal bright yellow
(Tessmann). The author remarks that the extraordinarily large
leaves are distinctive; perhaps the species is related to S. stipulifera
Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 168. 1906. F.M. Neg. 1823.
Loreto: Mouth of Santiago, Tessmann 4597, type. Yurimaguas,
King 2774; Williams 4540; 4965 (first det. two det.
Standl., last
Harms). Rio Cachiyacu, Klug 3122. Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 122.
"Icoje."
Swartzia arborescens (Aubl.) Pittier, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.

2: 157. 1921; 22. Possira arborescens Aublet, PI. Guian. 2: 934.
pi. 355. 1775. Rittera triphylla Swartz, Prodr. 82. 1788. S. triphylla
(Sw.) Willd. Sp. PI. 2: 1220. 1799.

Small tree (sometimes attaining 20 meters), with many short,
densely leafy, irregularly spreading branchlets, the 1-3 (5) leaflets
very unequal in size, the larger 4-10 cm. long, the smaller 1-2 cm.
long, all obtusely or retusely acuminate, rounded at base, chartaceous,
somewhat lustrous, pale green, rather conspicuously parallel-veined,
ordinarily glabrous, but sometimes, at least as interpreted, slightly
pilose beneath on the midnerve; rachis margined; stipules setaceous,
more or less persisting; racemes laxly 2-4-flowered, the bracts seti-
form; flower buds ovoid, scarcely 4 mm. thick; petal yellow, orbicular,
clawed, about 5 mm. long; stamens 18-20, subequal; ovary glabrous,
stiped; pods obliquely ovoid, long-acuminate, 3-4.5 cm. long.
Open flood-free forest (Williams) Typically glabrous, some Peruvian
.
specimens, as Schunke 253, have appressed pilose branchlets.

San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4123 (det. Standl.). Loreto: Rio
Mazan, Jose Schunke 253 (det. Standl.) Yurimaguas, Williams 3873
.
(det. Harms). Rio Itaya, Williams 3516 (det. Harms). Balsapuerto,

Klug 3003 (det. Killip). Iquitos, Williams 3768 (leaflets sometimes
5, det. Harms). Brazil to the Guianas and Panama. "Bobinzana
amarilla" (Schunke).
Swartzia calophylla Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 61.
pi. 267. 1845; 18.
Tall shrub becoming a tree about 7 meters high, glabrous even

to the short few-flowered usually solitary and axillary racemes;
leaves simple, firm-chartaceous, light green, finely reticulate-veined
on both sides, scarcely lustrous above, oblong or oblong-elliptic,
sometimes broadly so, rounded at base, shortly and obtusely acumi-
nate, about 1.5 dm. long, half as broad; racemes 1-4-flowered;
pedicels 1-3 cm. long; flower buds ovoid, not apiculate, nearly 1 cm.
thick; calyx lobes 2-3 (5); petal shortly clawed, ovate to 4 cm. long,
yellow; larger stamens 2-2.5 cm. long, the anthers oblong-elliptic,
the much shorter smaller stamens numerous, style about as large
as the narrow ovary; pods orange-red, spindle shaped to 7 cm. long,
about 15 mm. thick at the middle, the seeds lustrous, grayish-green,
8 mm. long, 6 mm. thick, irregularly trapezoid, half surrounded
by a foliaceous aril. Spruce 4923, in fruit, was referred by Bentham,
18, to S. simplex (Vahl.) Spreng. grandiflora Willd.), Central
(S.
American species with subcoriaceous calyx, the segments 4-5, and
larger petal; the species of the group, however, appear to be indis-
tinctly or are incorrectly, defined. Williams noted the aril as edible;
his collectionswere from open dry places in flood-free forest, bark
dark purple, ridged, very thin. F.M. Neg. 1829.
San Martin: Tarapoto and vicinity, Klug 3790; 4302 (det.
Standl.). Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2715 (det. Standl.). Loreto:
Yurimaguas, Williams 4017; 5295 (det. Harms); Killip & Smith
27830; Poeppig 2363, type.
Swartzia cardiosperma Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
15, pt. 2: 33. 1870.

Branchlets at tips and long racemes, these solitary or fascicled
on the older defoliate branches, minutely rusty-puberulent; leaflets
5-9, ordinarily 7, shortly petiolulate, oblong, rounded at base, acute
or shortly acuminate, firm, chartaceous, glabrous or obscurely
puberulent beneath, not at all lustrous, about 7 cm. long, 2 cm. wide,
the lower progressively smaller, the terminal one somewhat larger,
minutely reticulate- veined, especially beneath; pedicels 12-25 mm.
long; flower buds globose, about 6 mm. thick; larger stamens 3-4,
their anthers linear, three times longer than the numerous smaller
ones, all the filaments pilose; pods reddish- tomentose, sub terete,
with thick sutures, often constricted between the seeds, attenuate
at both ends, 1.5-2 dm. long or sometimes short, the 6-9 seeds
FLORA OF PERU 225
ovoid-globose with foliaceous aril. Klug 853 has leaves thinner,

obscurely reticulate-veined, its petal suborbicular, shortly clawed,
12 mm. long, 16 mm. broad, yellow; the petal of the type is apparently
unknown. S. discolor Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 62. 1845,
is probably the earlier name, the only apparent difference being
that the leaves are somewhat lustrous above, the veins less con-
spicuous and the larger anthers 2. F.M. Neg. 1830.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 853 (det. Harms as "affine")- Brazil.
Swartzia macrosema Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:

970. 1926.
Tall tree, the young branchlets, leaves beneath and long laxly-
flowered racemes rather loosely brown-villous ; stipules lanceolate, 1 cm .
long or longer; leaflets 4-5 pairs, shortly petiolulate, oblong-lanceolate,

slightly narrowed to the obtusish base, obscurely acuminate or acute,
to 13 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, at maturity no doubt larger; bracts
more or less obovate, 5-7 mm. long; pedicels 9-13 mm. long, the
bractlets borne below the calyx, about 5 mm. long; flower buds
subglobose, minutely mucronulate; calyx divisions 4; petal sub-
orbicular, scarcely clawed, appressed-pilose toward the base, about
6 cm. broad; filaments glabrous, 2-4 of them longer than the many
short ones; ovary glabrous or nearly. Allied by the author to
S. Sprucei Benth. with smaller petal. Type from a tree 20 meters
high, the calyx bright yellowish-green, the petal yellow. F.M. Neg.
1846.
Loreto: Mouth of Santiago, flood-free woods, Tessmann 4217,

type.
Swartzia Matthewsii Benth. in Hook. Icon. ser. 3. 1: 51.
pi. 1064. 1870; 40.

Shrub or tree at once recognizable in flower from other species
except S. Weberbaueri by the entire truncate or obscurely denticulate
calyx, this, as the short subcapitate racemes and the leaf rachi,
densely fulvous-pubescent; leaflets 4-9, oblong-elliptic, rounded at

base, scarcely acute, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, rather densely
and shortly pilose beneath, mostly 6 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad;
racemes axillary and terminal; flower buds 4 mm. thick, the calyx
at anthesis 6 mm. across; petal narrowly obovate, shortly clawed,
15 mm. long, 6 mm. broad; stamens subequal, the anthers scarcely
2 mm. long; pods puberulent-pilose, lunate, 12 mm. broad, 3 cm.
long on stipe 1 cm. long.
Cajamarca: Mountains near Ja&i, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer

6204 (det. Harms). Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Matthews, type).
Bolivia.
Swartzia myrtifolia Smith in Rees, Cycl. 34: no. 5. 1819; 22.

Rather similar to S. arborescens, but the leaflets firmer, sometimes
with the branchlets softly pilose beneath and, especially, the petal
exceeding the calyx segments, about 15 mm. long, 2 cm. broad, and
the stamens very unequal, 12-18 of them larger, 15-18 mm. long.
Williams 8007 from Iquitos has some leaflets 7 cm. long, 4 cm.
broad, and pods 3 cm. long, 2 cm. thick; Harms remarks "affine
myrtifolia" or it could be S. arborescens. S. crocea (Veil.) Benth. is
scarcely distinguishable as remarked by Bentham, except that the
petal is 4 cm. broad. Riveria nitens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7:
267. pi. 659 bis. 1825, seems to be the same except that it is pubescent;
cf. S. arborescens. F.M. Neg. 1848 (R. nitens).
Tree to 13 meters, the bark light brown, the heavy wood esteemed
for rollers for crushing sugar cane (Williams).
Cajamarca: Near Jae"n, Bonpland (type, R. nitens). Loreto:

Puerto Arturo, flood-free forest, Williams 5313 (det. Harms). Brazil
to Colombia and Central America. "Shatona blanca."
Swartzia opacifolia Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor, ramulis tenuibus, glabris; foliolis 3-4 jugis, oblongis, basi
acutis, interdum rotundatis, apice subabrupte caudatis, circa 10 cm.
longis, 3.5 cm. latis (interdum 13 cm. longis, 5.5 cm. latis), ut videtur
carnoso-coriaceis, ubique glabris et obscurissime venosis, peropacis;
racemis lateralibus infra folia ortis paucifloris circa 6 cm. longis,
glabris; pedicellis 6 mm. longis; alabastris subglobosis haud apiculatis
tenuiter puberulis, circa 4 mm. crassis calycibus irregulariter 4-5-
fidis;staminibus numerosis, antheris ut videtur omnibus subae-
qualibus ovato-oblongis filamentis glabris, petalum breviter ungui-
culatum fere suborbiculatum, glabrum, circa 10 mm. longum et
latum; ovarium glabrum, longe stipitatum, stylo elongato ab ovario
plus minusve incurvo vel deflexo. Apparently allied to S. aptera
DC. var. recurva (Poepp. & Endl.) Ducke, and S. cuspidata Spruce,
36, both Brazilian species with lustrous veiny leaves. Harms sug-
gested that the Tessmann collection was "affine" S. Schomburgkii
Benth., 38, with rather prominent leaf-venation and minute ashy
puberulence. In S. opacifolia the remote nerves are often barely
visible even beneath. Tree 10 meters high (Klug).
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 2570, type. Iquitos, Tessmann 5389.
FLORA OF PERU 227
Swartzia pendula Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,

pt. 2: 19. 1870.
Apparently in foliage and flowers much like S. calophylla but
the stipules at least typically about 12 mm. long, ovate or ob-
long and persisting; petioles terete or sometimes wing-margined,
tipped by 2 subulatestipules; racemes sometimes several-flowered;
calyx segments often 4; style shorter than the ovary; pods ellipsoid,
acute both ends, aristate by the persisting style base, 3^4 cm. long,
about 1 cm. thick, the stipe 1-1.5 cm. long, typically maturing one
lustrous gray-green foliose-arillate seed that nearly fills the pod.
Tall shrub or sometimes tree to 10 meters high with pendent
branches, the fruit bright orange or yellow turning red (Williams).
Williams 6550 is very doubtful but in fruit; the stipules are subulate,
the pods 8-14 cm. long, somewhat constricted between the 2-5
seeds, these (immature) with foliose aril; it was determined by
Harms as "affine."
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6550(1). Loreto: Mishuyacu,
tree 4 meters, the flowers yellow, Klug 6 (det. Harms, affine);
873; 615; Killip & Smith 29881. Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2175.
Rio Nanay, Williams 694. Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27283; 27317.
Pebas, Williams 1875. Brazil. "Itayba," "nina-caspi."
Swartzia Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:

971. 1926.
Shrub-tree with many slender glabrous branchlets and medium-
sized leaves, these with commonly 5 glabrous leaflets; petioles 1-2
cm. long, as the rachis glabrous or puberulent; leaflets oblong-
lanceolate, rounded to acute at base, more or less acuminate, papy-
raceous or subchartaceous, the veins about equally prominent both
sides, 5-10 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide; racemes mostly borne below
the leaves and lateral, many-flowered, 5-10 cm. long; pedicels 2-4
mm. long, puberulent; calyx segments 3-4 mm. long, sparsely
pubescent; petal apparently lacking; stamens numerous; ovary
obliquely ovoid, ashy-villous as the stipe, the short style divergent.
In Klug specimen in young flower, petal present, about 5 mm.
Loreto: Iquitos, flood-free wood, Tessmann 3631, type. Mishu-
yacu, Klug 601.
Swartzia Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 235. 1922.

Like S. Matthewsii but perhaps consistently distinct by virtue
of the smaller leaflets, these 7-12, oblong-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long,
5-15 mm. broad, minutely appressed pilose above as well as beneath;

calyx 7 mm. across; petal 2 cm. long, or longer, the claw 5 mm.
long; pods with stipe and style, 4.5 cm. long, 13 mm. broad.
F.M. Neg. 1866.
Shrub, 2 meters high with white flowers.
Cajamarca: Between San Marcos and Crisnejas, 2,300 meters,
Weberbauer 7216, type.
PAPILIONACEAE
Key adapted from Bentham by tribes. See alternate key, page
235; as remarked by Bentham, the tribes merge with each other.
Stamens 10, free or essentially; trees, tall shrubs, or high-climbing

lianas Sophoreae.
Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous or rarely free (Adesmia with
articulate pods).
Trees, tall shrubs or high-climbing lianas; leaves pinnate, excep-

tionally only 1-3-foliate; pods exserted, indehiscent, various
in texture Dalbergieae.
Herbs, vines or shrubs, rarely trees or lianas; leaves often 1-3-
foliate; pods usually 2-valved or if indehiscent commonly
small, 1-few-seeded or inflated, sometimes spiraled or
articulate.
Herbs, usually twining or lianas, rarely ligneous and erect

(Phaseoleae) .
Leaves generally pinnately 3-foliate (1-7), the leaflets entire

or lobed, usually stipellate Phaseoleae.
Leaves abruptly pinnate terminating in a tendril or bristle.
Vicieae.
Lignescent and erect plants or if herbs not twining.
Pods not articulate (sometimes constricted between seeds).
Leaves rarely 1-3-foliate; flowers solitary, racemose or
panicled Galegeae.
Leaves pinnately or digitately 1-3-foliate or digitately
divided.
Leaves pinnately, rarely digitately 3-foliate, the veins
often excurrent Trifolieae.
Leaves simple or digitately divided, entire Genisteae.
Pods articulate (not always clearly; cf. Arachis) .

Hedysareae.
FLORA OF PERU 229
Sophoreae
Leaves pinnate (rarely unifoliate) flowers papilionaceous or nearly
;
regular, sometimes only banner present; stamens sometimes

barely connate at base; pods indehiscent or bivalved.
Flowers not distinctly papilionaceous; leaves more or less clearly
pellucid-punctate or -reticulate.
Petals 5; pods indehiscent; leaves punctate 1. Myroxylon.
Petal 1 (banner) ; pods dehiscing; leaves obscurely lucid-reticu-
late 2. Amburana.
Flowers papilionaceous (unless Uleanthus under Diplotropis) ;
leaflets not pellucid-punctate or -reticulate.
Stigma terminal; pods indehiscent or tardily dehiscent except

Ormosiopsis and Dussia (cf. Panurea under Diplotropis).
Banner persisting; pods fleshy, coriaceous, dehiscing.
3. Dussia.
Banner deciduous with other petals; pods indehiscent or
tardily dehiscent except Ormosiopsis (dehiscing in Alexa,
under Sophora, and Uleanthus, under Diplotropis).
Calyx straight, the lobes short, equal; pods moniliform.
4. Sophora.
Calyx more or incurved, the lobes unequal, well-
less
developed; pods finally bivalved.

Seeds compressed; flowers rose or rose- violet.
5. Diplotropis.
Seeds globose; flowers yellow or pale lilac. 6. Ormosiopsis.
Stigma pods more or less compressed, bivalved.
lateral;
Upper calyx lobes not or little enlarged 7. Ormosia.
Upper calyx lobes enlarged, enclosing the corolla.

8. Monopteryx.
Dalbergieae
Stipels present only sometimes in Poecilanthe, Geoffroya, Derris;
inflorescence various; stamens, unless vexillar, connate in 1 or
2 groups.
Pods drupaceous or turgid with a solitary pendulous seed.
Calyx with 2 calyx lobes much enlarged and wing-like.

Ovary subsessile; pods flat, bivalved 9. Taralea.
Ovary stiped; pods ovoid, indehiscent 10. Coumarouna.

Calyx teeth if present subequal or not at all enlarged.

11. Geoffroya.
Pods not drupaceous, the seeds not pendulous.
Leaflets opposite (unless sometimes in Denis with closed
staminal tube, the vexillar infrequently completely free).
Stamens connate above the middle or the vexillar rarely en-
tirely free; wings adhering to keel 12. Denis.
Staminal tube cleft above; wings free 13. Platymiscium.

Leaflets mostly alternate.
Stamens groups but the vexillar and lowest free; pods
in 2
winged from stipe, the seed apical 14. Platypodium.
Stamens in 1 group (or vexillar free) pods, if winged, not as

;
above.
Anthers versatile (unless partly in Poecilanthe') , the parallel
cells longitudinally dehiscent.
Calyx turbinate or somewhat acute at base, the teeth
short, equal; flowers often showy and laxly borne.
Calyx apparently 4-dentate; pods obovoid.

15. Poecilanthe.
Calyx 5-dentate.
Calyx incurved in bud 16. Pterocarpus.
Calyx straight 17. Vatairea.
Calyx obtuse at base, somewhat bilabiate; flowers

medium, usually crowded 18. Machaerium.
Anthers basifixed, with apical dehiscence or cells divergent

at base 19. Dalbergia.
Phaseoleae
Sometimes erect or lignescent (Collaea, Eriosema, Erythrina, Cajanus,
rarely Phaseolus, Vigna}\ flowers in axillary racemes, fascicu-
late, geminate or rarely solitary on the rachis; stamens, unless
the vexillar, connate, the anthers not uniform only in Dioclea
(in part), Mucuna, Glycine.
Style longitudinally bearded above within or rarely around the

stigma; racemes nodose; bracts small or promptly caducous (cf.
Clitoria, bracts and bractlets persisting).
Stigma small, terminal; pods broad 20. Dolichos.
Stigma more or less lateral; pods often narrow.

FLORA OF PERU 231
Keel obtuse or beak merely incurved.

Pods not septate; stigma lateral or oblique 21. Vigna.
Pods septate; stigma globose on face of apically complanate

style 22. Pachyrrhizus.
Keel more or less spiraled 23. Phaseolus.
Style glabrous except sometimes in Clitoria and Centrosema.

Flowers showy, the banner either much larger or much shorter
than the wings, thus not typically papilionaceous.
Banner much longer than the wings 24. Erythrina.
Banner much shorter than the wings 25. Mucuna.

Flowers small or often showy but petals not very unequal, the
flower typically papilionaceous.
Flowers nodose-racemose or rarely amply paniculate (in
Dioclea leiantha, flowers dense).
Vexillar stamen free at base, then (at least at anthesis)
connate with others into a closed tube.
Lianas.
Calyx obviously and unequally bilabiate, the upper

lip entire to parted, the lower reduced.
26. Canavalia.
Calyx 2-4-lobed but not clearly bilabiate . 27. Dioclea.
Erect shrubs 30. Collaea.
Vexillar stamen entirely free.
Flowers showy; upper calyx lobes 1 and bidentate;

Dioclea-\ike plant 28. Cymbosema.
Flowers to 1.5 cm. long, often smaller.
Calyx lobes apparently 4 29. Galactia.
Calyx lobes 5, the upper one biparted or dentate.

31. Calopogonium.
Flowers in axillary fascicles or racemes, the rachi not at all

nodose (flowers sometimes subumbellate, in narrow
panicles, or solitary) ;
cf Galactia.
.
Scandent or more or less lignescent and erect.
Leaflets resinous-punctate beneath; bracts promptly

caducous.
Plants twining (Peruvian) ovules 2-3 ;
. . 32. Rhynchosia.
Plants erect (Peruvian).

Ovules 2; pods narrow 33. Cajanus.
Ovules several; pods broad 34. Eriosema.
Leaflets not punctate; bracts persisting except Glycine.
Flowers showy or medium; anthers reniform.

Banner ample, explanate.
Calyx-tube campanulate; banner keeled or some-
what gibbous 35. Centrosema.
Calyx- tube cylindrical; banner smooth.

36. Clitoria.
Banner complicate, medium 37. Cologania.
Flowers small; anthers (alternate) imperfect.

38. Glycine.
Trees; flowers in narrow panicles 39. Platycyamus.
Vicieae
Vines or erect herbs; leaflets entire or denticulate, estipellate;
stipules often conspicuous; flowers solitary or in axillary racemes;
stamens 9, the vexillar free or more or less connate, rarely
lacking, anthers uniform.
Style glabrous.
Calyx truncate, the teeth minute; pods flat 40. Abrus.
Calyx toothed; pods turgid 41. Cicer.
Style bearded apically or laterally.

Beard entirely lateral 42. Lathyrus.
Beard apical 43. Vida.
Galegeae
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees or lianas; leaves ordinarily im-
paripinnate and leaflets many (rarely 1-3), usually entire;
stamens usually 9 in a tube cleft above, the tenth more or less
free; anthers versatile, uniform, rarely the alternate larger and
sub-basifixed; pods not articulate, bivalved or if indehiscent
commonly small, 1-2-seeded or inflated.
Glandular-punctate herbs or shrubs, the pods small, indehiscent,
usually 1-seeded.
Ovules 1; racemes or spikes terminal or axillary; leaves usually
digitately foliate 44. Psoralea.
FLORA OF PERU 233
Ovules 2; spikes terminal or opposite the leaves, these usually

imparipinnate 45. Dalea.
Eglandular (except Indigofera, 1 species) pods bivalved, in Astra-

galus partly septate or divided, usually several-seeded.
Anther connective glandular or with a bristle; trichomes of
leaves medially affixed 46. Indigofera.
Characters not as above, at least completely.

Pods often bivalved; shrubs or erect perennials.
Calyx tubular, conspicuously bracted 47. Barbieria.
Calyx campanulate.
Style glabrous unless at base.
Vexillar stamen free 50. Sesbania.
Vexillar stamen connate or free only at base.
Pods sub terete; pedicels filiform 48. Galega.
Pods compressed; pedicels often short.
Flowers in clusters on the racemes . . 49. Tephrosia.
Flowers geminate 51. Apurimacia.

Style bearded; flowers often solitary 52. Coursetia.
Pods often more or less imperfectly divided; cespitose or low

shrubs, rarely annual 53. Astragalus.
Hedysareae
Like Phaseoleae and Galegeae but the pod divided into 1-seeded
segments, these rarely reduced to 1.
Stamens all free 54. Adesmia.
Stamens connate in 1 or 2 groups or the vexillar free or partly free.
Leaves glandular-punctate.
Leaflets 3 or 4; calyx teeth short, equal 55. Poiretia.
Leaflets many; calyx lobes unequal 56. Weberbauerella.
Leaves not punctate.

Stamens not uniform, all in a closed tube.
Leaflets 4; stipules present 57. Arachis.
Leaflets 2 or 3; stipules wanting.

Leaflets 3; pod segments 1 or 2 58. Stylosanthes.
Leaflets 2; pod segments usually several 59. Zornia.
Stamens uniform, the vexillar free or the tube cleft.

Vexillar stamen free; herbs or small shrubs or half shrubs;

stipules present 60. Desmodium.
Vexillar stamen if free only at base or tardily and plant then
scandent; stipules wanting.
Calyx lobes very unequal, the uppermost larger.
61. Amicia.
Calyx lobes subequal or calyx bilabiate.
Erect or rarely diffuse; pods stiped; stamens usually all
connate, the tube cleft both sides.

62. Aeschynomene.
Scandent or sprawling; pods sessile or shortly stiped;

vexillar stamen free at base or finally free.
Flowers in few-branched panicles longer than the
leaves; pods broadly oblong-lanceolate.
63. Raimondianthus.
Flowers racemose, the racemes usually shorter than

the leaves; pods narrowly oblong or samaroid.
Pods not samaroid.
Inflorescence shorter than the leaves.
64. Chaetocalyx.
Inflorescence much longer than the leaves.

65. Fiebrigiella.
Pods with obovoid winged ultimate segment.

66. Nissolia.
Trifolieae
Typified by the well-known Trifolium and Medicago.

Petals often marcescent, the lower or all adnate to stamen tube;
leaves usually digitately 3-foliate 67. Trifolium.
Petals free from staminal tube, more or less promptly deciduous;

leaves pinnately 3-foliate.
Pods spiraled; inflorescence short 68. Medicago.
Pods subglobose or obovoid 69. Melilotus.
Genisteae
Herbs, shrubs, rarely trees, never scandent; leaves simple or digitately
(1) 3-many-foliate; corolla papilionaceous; stamens monadel-
phous, vexillar rarely free, the alternate longer anthers often
basifixed; pods usually bivalved.
FLORA OF PERU 235
Stamen tube cleft above; pods turgid 70. Crotalaria.
Stamen tube closed; pods usually compressed.

Calyx subspathaceous, the teeth minute 71. Spartium.
Calyx teeth well-developed 72. Lupinus.
Alternate key
Stamens free or nearly or in Adesmia rarely 2 adnate at base to

banner (Sophoreae except Adesmia).
Flowers not typically papilionaceous.
Petals 5; calyx short; pods indehiscent 1. Myroxylon.
Petal 1; calyx tubular; pods dehiscent 2. Amburana.
Flowers typically papilionaceous (unless Uleanthus under Diplo-
tropis).
Pods segmented or moniliform; calyx lobes equal or subequal.
Leaflets abruptly pinnate, small 54. Adesmia.
Leaflets imparipinnate, medium 4. Sophora.
Pods not segmented; calyx lobes partly (the upper) connate.
Stigma lateral; calyx straight or nearly.
Calyx not or scarcely bilabiate 7. Ormosia.

Calyx bilabiate, the upper lip including the corolla.
8. Monopteryx.
Stigma terminal.
Banner persisting after fall of other petals. . . . .3. Dussia.
Banner falling with other petals.
Flowers rose or rose-violet 5. Diplotropis.
Flowers yellow or pale lilac 6. Ormosiopsis.
Stamens at least in part connate.
Trees, tree-like shrubs or lianas, these normally vigorous; leaves

with 5-many leaflets or the leaflets rarely 1-3 but estipellate,
eglandular; pods never segmented but mErythrina sometimes
constricted between the seeds (Platycyamus might be sought
here). Cf. also Gliricidia under Sesbania, Coursetia and
Apurimacia, Spartium. (Dalbergieae except Platypodium,
Erythrina.}
Staminal tube not cleft (vexillar stamen may be free).
Pods more or constricted between the seeds; banner
less
strikingly larger than the wings; leaves always trifoliate.

24. Erythrina.
Pods not constricted between the seeds; banner moderately

if at all larger than other petals.
Wings pods drupaceous, 1-seeded; calyx teeth de-
free;
veloped (Peruvian) except minute in G. inermis.
11. Geoffroya.
Wings adherent to keel; pods not drupaceous; calyx teeth

obsolete or minute 12. Denis.
Staminal tube cleft or stamens connate into 2 groups, the

vexillar often free.
Stamens in 2 groups and 2 free; anthers versatile; pods in-

verted samaroid; flowers yellow 14. Platypodium.
Stamens in 1 group (unless vexillar); pods various, but the
wing not proceeding as above from stipe.

Leaves and leaflets opposite; flowers often yellow.
13. Platymiscium.
Leaves and leaflets alternate or at least one or the other
alternate.
Calyx normal; pods not drupaceous.

Anthers basifixed, opening by terminal or oblique
chinks, if longitudinally dehiscent the cells diverg-
ing 19. Dalbergia.
Anthers versatile, at least in part, longitudinally dehis-

cent, the cells parallel.
Calyx obtuse at base, more or less bilabiate; flowers
medium, usually crowded 18. Machaerium.

Calyx more or less acute at base or turbinate, the
teeth short, equal; flowers often showy and laxly
borne.
Calyx seemingly 4-dentate; anthers in part nearly

basifixed 15. Poecilanthe.
Calyx 5-dentate; anthers uniform, all versatile.
Calyx incurved in bud; flowers often yellow.

16. Pterocarpus.
Calyx straight; flowers violet. . . .17. Vatairea.
Calyx with 2 upper lobes much enlarged, these wing-like.

Ovary subsessile; pods flat, bivalved 9. Taralea.
Ovary stiped; pods ovoid, indehiscent 10. Coumarouna. .
Half-shrubs, vines, these more or less woody or herbaceous, or

herbs, sometimes shrubs but at least in general the leaflets
FLORA OF PERU 237
and 3 or few or glandular or the pods segmented

stipellate
(Raimondianthus, tardily). Cf. (rarely) Phaseolus, Vicia,
Vigna.
Stamens or at least anthers not uniform, in any case unequal.
Stipels wanting.
Flowers racemose; pods not segmented.
Plants never broom-like.
Stamen tube cleft above; pods turgid. .70. Crotalaria.
Stamen tube closed; pods compressed. . .72. Lupinus.

Plants broom-like, leafless or the single leaflet minute.
71. Spartium.
Flowers spicate, often capitate, rarely solitary.
Leaflets 3; pod segments 1-2 58. Stylosanthes.
Leaflets 2; pod segments usually several 59. Zornia.
Stipels present.
Leaflets 4; pods maturing under ground 57. Arachis.
Leaflets 3 (1-5) pods racemose.
;
Rachis nodose; glabrate or ashy-pubescent vines.

27. Dioclea.
Rachis enodose; rusty pilose vine 38. Glycine.
Stamens uniform.
Leaflets glandular punctate beneath.
Plants twining.
Stamens all connate; bracts caducous. . .32. Rhynchosia.
Vexillar stamen free; bracts persisting 55. Poiretia.
Plants herbs, sprawling to erect, or shrubs (the Peruvian).
Reddish-brown villous shrubs 34. Eriosema.
Ashy strigose to glabrate herbs or shrubs.

Pods long.
Leaflets several to many.
Leaflets few; calyx teeth subequal.46. Indigo/era.
Leaflets many; calyx teeth very unequal.
56. Weberbauerella.
Leaflets 3 33. Cajanus.
Pods very short.

Ovules 1; leaves usually imparipinnate . . .45. Dalea.
Ovules 2; leaves usually digitately foliate.

44. Psoralea.
Leaflets eglandular beneath.

Herbs or shrubs, sometimes sprawling; flowers never white
with big black blotch; stipels wanting, minute or
gland-like (Erythrina) except Barbieria, Collaea, Des-
modium, Platycyamus. Raimondianthus may be scan-
dent and Cicer, sometimes tendril-bearing, has turgid
pods.
Flowers usually 3-several cm. long.
Calyx lobes very unequal; leaflets 2 pairs. . 61. Amicia.
Calyx lobes not distinctly unequal.
Leaflets many; calyx colored, bracted.
47. Barbieria.
Leaflets trifoliate.
Banner much longer than the wings.
24. Erythrina.
Banner not much longer than the wings.

30. Collaea.
Flowers small or medium.
Leaves digitately or pinnately 3-foliate; pods not
segmented.
Flowers capitate 67. Trifolium.
Flowers spicate or racemose, the spikes sometimes

short.
Pods curved or spiraled 68. Medicago.
Pods ovoid 69. Melilotus.
Leaves (Peruvian) several to many foliate or the pods

segmented, the leaflets rarely reduced to 1.
Vexillar stamen free.
Pods not segmented; leaflets several.
Leaflets dentate 41. Cicer.
Leaflets entire.
Anthers not mucronate.
Plants low; pods short, not or scarcely
longer than broad 53. Astragalus.
Plants tall; pods large.
Calyx glabrous or nearly. .50. Sesbania.
Calyx brown tomentose.

39. Platycyamus.
FLORA OF PERU 239
Anthers mucronulate 46. Indigofera.

Pods segmented leaflets usually 3 60. Desmodium.
; .
Vexillar stamen connate or free well below or rarely

tardily free (Chaetocalyx) .
Pods not segmented flowers not yellow, sometimes

;
yellowish but plants then shrubs (cf. Rai-

mondianthus) .
Flowers white or blue on filiform pedicels; pods

terete 48. Galega.
Flowers neither entirely white or blue, the
pedicels usually short; pods compressed.
Flowers in clusters on the racemes.
49. Tephrosia.
Flowers solitary or geminate on the racemes.
Style glabrous unless at base; flowers
geminate 51. Apurimacia.
Style bearded; flowers often solitary.
52. Coursetia.
Pods segmented (sometimes tardily as in Rai-
mondianthus); flowers yellow, often brownish
or purplish striate; plants herbaceous.
Leaflets few.
Inflorescences shorter than leaves.
64. Chaetocalyx.
Inflorescences longer than leaves.
65. Fiebrigiella.
Leaflets usually many.
Pods narrow; flowers rarely more than 1 cm.
long 62.
Aeschynomene.
Pods broad; flowers about 2 cm. long.
63. Raimondianthus.
Vines (except one species Vicia with black and white flowers)
or lianas, sometimes merely clambering (cf. Rai-
mondianthus, Chaetocalyx} stipels usually present, often
;
setaceous, sometimes minute or deciduous (exceptions

Abrus, Lathyrus, Nissolia, Vicia).
Style bearded at least above.
Calyx tubular, conspicuously bracted.
Banner narrow; style bearded from base.
47. Barbieria.
Banner broad; style bearded above. . . .36. Clitoria.
Calyx short, campanulate.

Leaves trifoliate.
Keel more or less spiraled 23. Phaseolus.
Keel obtuse or beaked, sometimes incurved.

Stigma more or less lateral; pods narrow.
Pods septate 22. Pachyrrhizus.
Pods not septate 21. Vigna.
Stigma terminal pods broad; 20. Dolichos.
Leaves pinnate.
Style beard apical or all around. .... .43. Vicia.
Style beard confined to one side. . . .42. Lathyrus.
Style glabrous above or the stigmatic portion sometimes

puberulent as in Centrosema.
Banner much shorter than wings 25. Mucuna.
Banner large or the petals all subequal or the wings

reduced.
Rachis of inflorescence not at all nodose.
Calyx campanulate.
Flowers large, not yellow; pods samaroid.
35. Centrosema.
Flowers yellow, small; pods samaroid.

66. Nissolia.
Calyx tubular 37. Cologania, 38. Glycine.
Rachis nodose (concealed by the flowers in Dioclea

leianthus) .
Calyx obviously bilabiate 26. Canavalia.
Calyx little if at all bilabiate.
Vexillar stamen free only at base. .27. Dioclea.
Vexillar stamen entirely free or lacking.
Flowers 2-3 at each node, 3 cm. long or longer;

pods broad 28. Cymbosema.
Flowers small or medium; pods often narrow.

Calyx toothed or lobed; pods narrow.
Buds acuminate; calyx lobes 4.
29. Galactia.
FLORA OF PERU 241
Buds not acuminate; calyx lobes 5.
31. Calopogonium.
Calyx truncate, the teeth minute; pods

broad 40. Abrus.
1. MYROXYLON L. f.
Reference: Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 94. 1908.

Trees with oddly pinnate leaves, the alternate estipulate leaflets
pellucid-lineate or punctate, the fragrant white flowers in terminal
sometimes somewhat paniculate racemes. Calyx irregularly
axillary
dentate. Standard broadly orbicular, the 4 lower petals subequal,
narrow. Stamens deciduous with the petals, free or nearly; anthers
uniform, acuminate. Ovary long-stiped, 1 (-2) -ovuled at apex, the
short style with small terminal stigma. Pod compressed, indurate
and 1-seeded at tip, the sterile lower part 2-winged, the fruit thus
like an inverted samara.
Balsam of Peru, used pharmaceutically and in perfumery, in
spite of its name was originally discovered and has since been pro-
duced commercially in San Salvador; cf. Harms, I.e. 95, and "El
balsamo de la Salvador" by L. A. Hernandez, Rev. Agric. Trop.,
San Salvador, 10-20: 42^47. 1936 and U. S. Dispensatory, 22nd
edition. However, the same tree or a slight variation of it is not
uncommon in Peru where it may attain 30 meters. Ruiz, Travels
of Ruiz, Pavon and Dombey in Peru and Chile (English translation,
Field Mus. Bot. 21: 176-177. 1940) gives an excellent description of
it and the balsam.
Myroxylon Balsamum (L.) Harms, I.e. 94. Toluifera Bal-

samum L. Sp. PI. 384. 1753. M. Toluifera (L.) HBK. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 6: 375. 1824.
Usually glabrous except racemes; leaflets several-13, ovate or
ovate-oblong, acuminate, often obtusely, more or less subcoriaceous,
reticulate, veiny, lustrous, ordinarily 6-9 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide;
racemes closely tomentulose, pedicels 1.5 cm. long; calyx 4-6 mm.
long; banner 12 mm. long, 8 mm. wide; pod usually about 8 cm. long,
2.5 cm. broad, the style-tip noticeably situated below the curved
upper edge, the seed portion with 2 globose balsam pits between the
corky mesocarp and coriaceous endocarp, leaving the seeds smooth
(that not sticky with balsam), the testa if present dry and thin
is,
(Harms). The var. punctatum (Klotzsch) Baillon ex Harms, I.e.

97, has, it is said, thicker leaves than the type or var. Pereirae, of
Central America and is without the uniform mixture of pellucid lines

with dots; it is the "quinoquino" of Ruiz & Pavon from Chicoplaya
and Pozuzo. Preuss described the form of Central America as most
beautiful, the bark gray, more or less spotted with yellow roughen-
ings, the wood with the hardness of mahogany and cedar. Harms'
account is both exhaustive and careful and I acknowledge my
indebtedness.
Only the following material that is in fruit is of course definitely
under M. peruiferum. F.M. Negs. 1887; 6933.
this species; cf. note
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6230 (det. Harms). Huanuco:
Chicoplaya, Pozuzo, Ruiz & Pavdn (fr.). Loreto: Santa Rosa,
Williams 4882 (det. Harms). Pebas, Williams 1805 (det. Harms).
Mouth of Santiago, Tessmann 5470 (fr.); 4489 (det. Harms). Rio
Paranapura, Klug 3947 (det. Standl., M. peruiferum). Rio Mazan,
Jose Schunke 316 (det. Standl., M. peruiferum). Rio Acre: Mouth
of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5484 (fr.). Brazil to Venezuela and
Central America. "Estoraque," "quinoquino."
Myroxylon peruiferum L. f. Suppl. 233, 1781; 92. Myro-

spermum pedicellatum Lam. Encycl. 4: 191. 1797?
Like M. balsamum but the style tip of the pods less lateral,
that is,only slightly below the upper curve of the pod-tip and,
especially, the seed roughened with forking grooves that are balsam-
filled, and thus somewhat sticky, the 2 balsam pits lacking. The
balsam of this tree is said to be harder and redder in color than
that of M. balsamum. Bentham, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 309.
1862, described this species as having thinner smaller leaves with
more narrow pellucid lines than round pellucid dots and also ascribed
to it somewhat smaller flowers. However as Harms remarks there
seems to be no value in these characters but, like him, I have seen
comparatively little material. Anyway, for a final understanding
of these trees, flowering and fruiting specimens must be available
from marked individuals. I am not entirely satisfied that there
is not a co-ordination between the fruiting and vegetative characters;
otherwise, if the ranges really are the same, the fruiting characters
may be found variable or a state; it is noteworthy that in M. bal-

samum seed testa may or may not be obvious. The Ruiz specimen,
in view of the history of this collection, may well actually have
come from Ecuador. The type, notwithstanding the name, came
from Colombia. The fruits of both species are best illustrated in
an excellent paper on the trees by Baillon in Assoc. Franc. 1'Avanc.
Sci. Lyon, pi. 10. 1874.
FLORA OF PERU 243
Peru: Without locality, J. de Jussieu (type, M. pedicellatum) ;
Ruiz (fide Harms). Rio Acre: (fide Ducke). Argentina and

Bolivia to Colombia and British Guiana.
2. AMBURANA Schwacke & Taub.

Trees with oddly pinnate leaves, many alternate leaflets and
white or yellowish flowers with only one petal (the banner) in
more or less branched racemes. Calyx campanulate, truncate or
minutely toothed. Banner broad, shortly clawed, cordate at base.
Stamens 10, one much shorter than the others; anthers dorsifixed.
Ovary stipe adnate to calyx- tube. Style short, stigma terminal.
Pods compressed, the seed or seeds borne near the base, the pod
then turgid and above this part extended as a wing.
The Peruvian species is "a big forest tree, highly esteemed for
its excellent timber and for its seeds which are the source of a popular
perfume" (Ducke).
Amburana cearensis (Fr. Allem.) A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods

62: 30. 1940. Torresea cearensis Fr. Allem. Trab. Com. Sci. Explor.
Ceara, Sec. Bot. 17. pi. 5. 1864. Torresia acreana Ducke, Archiv.
Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 1: 205. 1935. A. acreana (Ducke) A. C.
Smith, I.e.
Tree attaining 30 meters or more, the brown bark often separating

into slender pieces, and, like the brownish wood, with the odor of
coumarin; leaves in type 7-15, in Peruvian variety rarely 15-25
foliate, the ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong acutish chartaceous
leafletsobscurely puberulent beneath, mostly 6-7 cm. long, 2-3 cm.
wide; inflorescence 4 cm. long or longer, rather lax, minutely ap-
pressed puberulent or subglabrous including the calyx- tube; banner
about 6 mm.
long, somewhat broader, pilose without; pods 4.5-7 cm.
long, cm.
1.5 wide, rounded at both ends, rather lustrous-brown
and glabrous but obscurely reticulate-roughened, strongly flattened
except over the usually solitary seed where conspicuously swollen;
seed borne about 1 cm. from the base (if 2 seeds the second just
above it), about 5 mm. long, broadly winged with a linear hilum
across the end. Description of pods in part after Gleason, Phyto-
logia 1 136. 1935. As remarked by Smith the Peruvian tree is similar
:
to the type except for the more numerous leaflets; even this character
variessomewhat and the inflorescences are only about 4 cm. long
in King 4064 as in the type; it may become var. acreana (Ducke)
Macbr., comb. nov. (T. acreana Ducke, I.e.). The original name,
written "Torresia" by Gleason and by Ducke, is in conflict with the

earlier "Torresia" of Ruiz & Pavon. Illustrated, Trab. Com. Sci.
Explor. Ceara, Sec. Bot. 17: pi. 5.
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 406&. Rio Acre: Seringal Iracema,

(Ducke 23769, type, var.). Mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5495
(as to fruits). Bolivia; Brazil. "Cumaru de cheiro," "imbarana
de cheiro," "ishpingo."
3. DUSSIA Krug & Urban

Vexillifera Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 140. 1922.
Trees with imparipinnate leaves, stipules and stipels lacking.
Inflorescence axillary, racemose or paniculate-racemose, the flowers
medium size, the bracts and bractlets prominent. Calyx-tube
obliquely campanulate, the receptacle obconic, the limb 5-lobed,
the upper two lobes connate. Petals subequal; banner broad, not
appendaged. Stamens 10, 9 connate at base; anthers versatile.
Ovary (in hermaphrodite flowers) shortly stiped, about 4-ovuled,
the style curved, the stigma terminal, minute. Pods ovoid, ligneous,
1-3-seeded. Nearly Ormosia but that with hooked style, the stigma
lateral (Harms).
Dussia discolor (Benth.) Amsh. Med. Bot. Rijks Herb. Utrecht

52: 50. 1939. D. Tessmannii Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
972. 1926. Vexillifera micranthera Ducke, I.e.
Tall tree, the younger branchlets, leaf-rachi and inflorescence
more or less clothed with a brownish velvety or villous pubescence,
this extending to the under surface of the many leaflets but there
shorter; petiolules 5-8 mm. long, alternate or nearly; leaflets oblong
or lanceolate, rounded or obtuse at base, acute, glabrous above,
nerves prominent beneath, 10-12 cm. long, or one-third as broad,
or larger; racemes to several dm. long, more or less angled; bracts
ovate-lanceolate, to 17 mm. long, 7 mm. wide; pedicels 6-8 mm.
long; bractlets to 15 mm. long, 8 mm. wide; lower part of calyx-
tube 4-5 mm. long, the limb 4 mm. long, the broadly lanceolate
acute teeth 5 and 6-7 (the upper) mm. long; banner 2 cm. long or
longer; vexillar stamen sometimes free; ovary stipe glabrous below,
the ovary villous, with 4-5 ovules. The bark when cut emits a red-
brown sap; calyx tips whitish-green, banner carmine, wings rose,
keel whitish marked with orange (Tessmann).
Description is of the Peruvian form after Harms; when more

material accumulates it may be found to be at least varietally distinct
FLORA OF PERU 245
from D. discolor. Harms himself who once determined Weberbauer

1877, V, micranthera, has remarked that only measurements at
present seem to separate specimens from various areas of South
America. Illustrated (fls.) Ducke, I.e. F.M. Negs. 1897 (D. Tess-
mannii); 1898 (Weberbauer 1877).
Junin: La Merced, Weberbauer 1877. Loreto: Mouth of Santiago,
non-inundated woods, Tessmann 4085 (type, D. Tessmannii).
Brazil and north to Mexico.
4. SOPHORA L.
Shrubs with imparipinnate leaves, the many leaflets opposite or

nearly, and terminal racemes, these often short. Calyx obscurely
or shortly toothed. Stamens distinct. Stigma minute, terminal.
Pods moniliform, much constricted between the seeds. Alexa
Moq. (A. bauhiniaeflora Ducke and A. grandiflora Ducke, Amazonian,
most likely to be found within Peru) is marked by showy flowers,
the thick petals densely pubescent without, borne in racemes at
defoliate nodes, the petals of the former species narrow, those of
the latter broad.
Sophora tetraptera J. S. Mill. Ic. PI. pi. 1. 1780.

Shrub or small tree with slender flexuous branchlets the younger
as the leaves and racemes more or less rusty pilose; leaves with 4^40
pairs of linear-oblong to obovate leaflets, rounded or retuse at tip,
6-25 mm. long; racemes 2-8-flowered, pendulous, the golden yellow
flowers 2.5-5 cm. long; calyx gibbous, the limb oblique; banner
little reflexed; pods to 2 dm. long, 4-angled with 4 narrow wings,
the valves scarcely dehiscing. Highly variable in habit, size of

flowers and leaflets and in shape of latter. S. tomentosa L., similar
in flower but pods not winged, is rather ashy tomentose with 5-9
(12) pairs of leaflets 2.5-4 cm. long and pale yellow flowers. S.
macrocarpa Sm. has 10-20 pairs of leaflets, the fruit nodes not winged,
tomentulose. All have been or are to be expected in cultivation.
Peru: Cultivated or escaped. Chile; New Zealand. "Mayu,"
"pelu."
5. DIPLOTROPIS Benth.
Trees with ample imparipinnate leaves, the leaflets alternate,
and medium size pinkish-violet flowers borne in open terminal
panicles or racemes. Bracts and bractlets minute. Calyx distinctly
incurved, 5-toothed, the 2 upper teeth often nearly connate. Corolla
more or less papilionaceous, the blade of the banner with 2 lateral

appendages at base (these obscure in D. MartiusO); wings and
keel petals free, subequal, clawed. Stamens 10, free, unequal.
Ovary sessile or shortly stiped, the slender style with small terminal
slightly oblique stigma. Pods indehiscent with few soft exalbuminous

seeds. Cf. Ormosia; the segregate genera Clathrotropis Harms and
Ormosiopsis Ducke have the banner unappendaged but it may be ;
smooth or calloused in other genera, even in this subfamily; Amshoff

thinks the albuminous seeds a concomitant character. The former
has white flowers, the seeds compressed with fragile testa, the latter
yellow or lilac flowers, the globose seeds with testa thick usually
red or bluish. The presence or absence of albumen as a basic
character in taxonomy is certainly open to question.
Panurea Spruce, of the upper Amazon Valley, has simple ample
coriaceous leaves, small yellowish racemose flowers, broad unap-
pendaged banner, thick uncinate-inflexed style and plane acuminate
bivalved pods; P. longifolia Spruce is the only known species.
The remarkable Uleanthus erythrinoides Harms, Verh. Bot.
Ver. Brandenb. 47: 150 (with pi.). 1905, has seemingly only 1 petal
(banner lilac) the others linear and included in the calyx, this
obliquely infundibuliform, and, according to Ducke, compressed,
elastically dehiscent pods, the wood fine-grained and hard but
easily worked.
Diplotropis Martiusii Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1:

321. 1862.
Glabrous or glabrate unless for a rusty puberulent tomentum

on the young parts and on the ample panicles; leaflets oblong-
elliptic, lustrous both sides; petals scarcely 2 times longer than the
calyx; standard obscurely auricled; ovary sericeous; otherwise ap-
parently much like D. ferruginea Benth. Pods to 5 cm. long, 2.5
cm. broad, with large reniform seeds.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 1527 (det. Harms). Brazil.
Diplotropis peruviana Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor; foliolis plerumque 7, fere oblongis, basi breviter et oblique
rotundato-acutis, apice breviter obtuseque acuminatis vel interdum
obtusis, ad 7 cm. longis, circa 3.5 cm. latis, coriaceis, dense reticu-
lato-venulosis, supra sparse pilosiusculis demum glabratis haud
nitidis,subtus molliter (vix dense) crispe villosis; paniculis 1.5 dm.
longis dense subadpresseque ferrugineo-pilosis; calyce crasso circa
FLORA OF PERU 247
7 mm. longo; vexillum circa 9 mm. longum supra unguem utrinque

auricula late appendiculatum ut videtur fere trilobatum; ovarium
adpresse villosum. Perhaps this specimen without fruit is in-
correctly placed; the banner is nearly trilobed, the lateral appendages
being almost as large as the terminal part of the blade; at one time
I referred it to D. ferruginea Benth. of central Brazil, which it
resembles.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 3252, type.
6. ORMOSIOPSIS Ducke
Trees affine Ormosia but the calyx early herbaceous becoming
indurate in fruit and persisting, the flowers yellow or pale lilac,
the stigma terminal. Pods dehiscing, the seeds globose or subglobose,
hard, with small hilum. According to Pierce the leaflets are con-
spicuously reticulate but the secondary veins are not prominent.
ClathrotropisHarms, similar and to be expected within Peru, has
roseate or white flowers, the calyx straight, the seeds strongly
flattened.
Ormosiopsis cuspidata Pierce, spec. nov.

Arbor 5-7 m. alta; foliola 3-5, subcoriacea, elliptico-ovata, apice
abrupte breviter cuspidato-acuminata, basi rotundata vel acuta,
5-10 cm. longa, 3.5-5 cm. lata, utrinque glaberrima, venis lateralibus
5-8, adscendentibus, nervis transversalibus reticulatis prominentis;
legumen 2 cm. latum, 5 cm. longum, sessile sed basi constrictum,
apice anguste attenuatum, sparse tomentosum; semina 1-2, coccinea,
subglobosa, 1 cm. longa (directus ad perpendiculum placentam),
1.4 cm. lata (ad parallelum placentam), et 0.7 cm. crassa, hilo
lineari, 3 mm. longo.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, Killip & Smith 29068
(type, N. Y. Bot. Card.).
7. ORMOSIA Jacks.
Nearly Diplotropis but the leaflets opposite or subopposite, the

flower dark purple or lilac, the calyx straight or nearly, the banner
without auricles but often calloused above the claw, and, especially,
the stigma lateral. Seeds with hard testa, red or rarely yellow some-
times red and black, their longest dimension, fide Pierce, usually
perpendicular to the hilar surface. This authority has noted that
the leaflets usually have prominent secondary veins and are not
conspicuously reticulate, characters in contrast to those of Ormo-

siopsis. Sometimes the seeds are mistaken for those of Mucuna.
Acknowledgment is made to Dr. John Pierce for permission to
include description of his new species and for helpful suggestions.
Leaflets glabrous or merely puberulent beneath; pods plane.
Leaflets glabrous; calyx 12-15 mm. long; pods thin. .0. macrocalyx.
Leaflets puberulent beneath; calyx 6-8 mm. long; pods thick.
0. coccinea.
Leaflets shortly villous beneath; pods rugose.
Leaflets 5-9; trichomes weak, matted 0. amazonica.
Leaflets 11-15; trichomes turgid, erect 0. bopiensis.
Ormosia amazonica Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 139.

1922. 0. euneura Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 972. 1926,
fide Pierce.
Branchlets stout, more or less velvety tomentose as the rachis

of the ample leaves, this bearing 3-4 pairs of petiolate obovate-
oblong to oblong leaflets, their bases rounded or obtuse or that of
the terminal one cuneately narrowed, all apiculate or shortly caudate-
acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous and somewhat bullate above, dis-
tinctly reticulate and shortly villous beneath, 8-20 cm. long, 5-13 cm.
broad; panicles ample, densely brown villous; bracts caudate-
acuminate to 2 cm. long, a third as broad; pedicels 2-3 mm. long,
the narrow bractlets 7-9 mm. long; calyx with upper lobes 8-10
mm. long; corolla glabrous, the banner emarginate; ovary shortly
stiped, densely hirsute-villous. Allied by both authors to 0. nobilis
Tul. of the lower Amazon but the inflorescence-pubescence looser
and the bracts and bractlets larger, and, according to Ducke, the
finally glabrate pods more rigid with 1-3 seeds, the larger 12-13 mm.
broad rather large tree, the foliage dense, very dark. Type of 0.
;
euneura from tree 11 meters high, 3.5 dm. in diameter, the banner
reddish-lilac, the other petals lilac. F.M. Negs. 28237; 1908 (0.
euneura).
Loreto: In flood-free woods, edge of the Itaya, Iquitos, Tessmann
3665 (type, 0. euneura). Brazil.
Ormosia bopiensis Pierce, spec. nov.

Arbor 15-20 m. alta; foliola 11-13, oblongo-ovata vel obovata,
12-25 cm. longa, 5-10 cm. lata, apice breviter acuminata, supra
glabra, subtus undique ferrugineo-hirsuta, venis lateralibus 12-20,
FLORA OF PERU 249
nervis transversalibus prominentis; legumen tenuissimum, valde

rugosum, 3-3.5 cm. longum, 2-2.8 cm. latum; semina rubra macula
nigra, 1.3 cm. longa, 1 cm. lata, hilo ovali, 2 mm. longo.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 669 (det. Harms, 0. euneura). Bolivia.
Ormosia coccinea Jacks. Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 360. pi. 25.
1810; 317. 0. subsimplex Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,
pt. 1: 316. pi. 125. 1862, fide Ducke.
Young parts as leaflets beneath minutely pubescent the latter

7-11 oblong to ovate, obtuse or barely acuminate, glabrous
pairs,
and lustrous above, 7-12 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, the nerves promi-
nent beneath, impressed above; panicles ashy or yellowish-brown
tomentose, ample; pedicels 4 mm. long; flowers 12-14 mm. long,
the calyx 6-8 mm. long; ovary subsessile, tomentose; pods glabrous,
fleshy coriaceous, 3-4.5 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. broad, the usually solitary
seed red and black. The Peruvian collection determined by
Harms with remark "affine."
Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 3505. To the Guianas.
Ormosia macrocalyx Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3:

137. 1922.
Essentially glabrous except for a short, very closely appressed

indument on the ample inflorescence, rather dense only on the
calyces, these 10-15 mm. long, broadly lobed; leaflets 9, oblong-
elliptic to broadly elliptic, obliquely obtuse or acute at base, shortly
and obtusely acuminate, 9-15 cm. long, 5-8 cm. broad, the 5-8
lateral nerves rather prominent both sides, the veins less so but
obvious; flowers nearly 2 cm. long or longer, the broadly obovate
banner minutely biappendiculate at base; ovary subsessile, densely
pubescent; pods according to Pierce with thin valves, the seeds
entirely red. Near, fide Ducke, 0. excelsa Benth. with 15-19 leaflets,
smaller flowers. Tree 8 meters, with mulberry-colored flowers,
seeds red and black, the wood good for lumber (Schunke).
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 214- Brazil.
8. MONOPTERYX Spruce
Large trees with high buttress roots, alternate imparipinnate
leaves, the coriaceous leaflets estipulate, the flowers borne in terminal
panicled racemes. Bracts and bractlets small, promptly caducous.
Calyx-tube very short, the two upper lobes connate into a much
enlarged lip that includes the corolla, the much shorter lower one
acute, entire or tridentate. Petals sessile, subequal, the banner
broad, the wings free, the keel petals connate dorsally. Stamens free,
the anthers narrow. Ovary stiped, 1-ovuled, the style short with
lateral stigma. Pods compressed, elastically dehiscing.
The Ducke, boiled or roasted, furnish a

seeds, according to
culinary or illuminating oil; wood is very resinous and
the reddish
agreeably fragrant with the odor of balsam.
Monopteryx uaucu Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,

pt. 1: 307. 1862.
Leaves with 3-5 oblong-elliptic leaflets rounded at each end or
shortly acute at apex, mostly 6-8 cm. long, 3.5-4 cm. broad on
petiolules 5 mm. long or longer, glabrous and densely reticulate-
veined, especially above; racemes mostly simple, many fascicled at
the ends of the stout branchlets, about 1.5 dm. long, fulvous-canes-
cent including the calyces, the bract-like upper lobes of these 10-12
mm. long; pods 1.5 dm. long, 4 cm. broad, strongly compressed,
acutely margined, the flattened seeds 4 cm. long, 3 cm. broad.
The tree has been collected by Ducke at Tabatinga on the Brazil-
Peru boundary. The other species known, M. angustifolia Spruce,
has 5-9 oblong acuminate leaflets minutely tomentulose beneath.
Peru (undoubtedly). Northern Brazil. "Uacu."
9. TARALEA Aublet
Trees or shrubs with aspect and character of Coumarouna but
the ovary subsessile or very shortly stiped, the plane compressed
woody but bivalvate pod elastically dehiscent, the broad flattened
seed oily but without odor. Leaves alternate or opposite. The
genus is its recognition permits the use of Coumarouna
academic but
for Dipteryx. Coumarouna probably should be conserved to include
it; Dimorphandra and Cassia, to give only two examples, may have
indehiscent or bivalvate elastically dehiscent pods.
Taralea oppositifolia Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 745. pi. 298. 1775.

Coumarouna oppositifolia Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 389. 1891.
Smooth gray-barked tree with much resemblance in flower to
Coumarouna; not produced; leaflets usually

leaf-rachis flattened,
opposite, 6-8, elliptic, somewhat acuminate, 8-12 cm. long, 3-6 cm.
wide, glabrous, rather coriaceous but pellucid-punctate; panicles
FLORA OF PERU 251
puberulent, the small bractlets promptly deciduous; calyx coriaceous,

more or less ashy tomentulose but roseate, the tube about 3 mm. long,
the upper lobes 5-6 mm. long, 3 mm. broad; petals about 7 mm.
long, violet unless the yellow or partly yellow banner; ovary pubes-
cent; pods glabrous, 5 cm. long, 3.5 cm. broad. T. nudipes (Tul.)
Ducke has alternate leaves, the nerves and veins inconspicuous, the
calyx except at extreme base, petaloid; T. cordata Ducke is similar to
T. nudipes but veins reticulate, fruit half as large as that of T. op-
' '
positifolia. The native name, meaning "false Cumaru, is applied also

to Andira and Apuleia (Ducke). Illustrated (fr.), Ducke, Archiv.
Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4. 71. 1925; Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 119.
Loreto: Iquitos (fide Ducke). Amazonian Brazil; Guiana.
"Cumaru-rana."
10. COUMAROUNA Aublet
Dipteryx Schreb.
Reference: Ducke, Trop. Woods 61: 1-10. 1940.
Trees related to Geoffroya and with many characters in common
but the subabruptly pinnate leaves and usually the leaflets alternate,
sometimes pellucid-punctate, estipulate, the calyx often colored and
punctate glandular, scarcely with obvious tube but with 2 con-
spicuous larger upper lobes that are coriaceous or petaloid and
wing-like, the 3 lower lobes reduced. Banner emarginate to bifid.
Alternate anthers smaller or aborted. Ovary glabrous or rarely
pilose, attenuate at base. Pods drupaceous, indehiscent.
Taralea Aubl., long confused with this, has usually opposite
leaves, ovary tomentose, minutely stiped, attenuate above into
style, the pods bivalvate. Dipteryx is conserved only for those
botanists who include Taralea in Coumarouna and therefore no
action of a botanical congress is necessary, as Ducke has suggested,
to permit the use of the Aublet name by those accepting both
genera. Dipteryx Schreb. was placed on the list of Nomina Con-
servanda when the genera of Aublet were thought to be synonyms.
Since as Ducke now has shown they can be distinguished, Dipteryx
as a conserved name is certainly invalidated, standing for different
entities and creating, an endless source of confusion.
if used,
Schreber's name
purely academic
is and based on error. Cf. also
Ducke, "0. Cumaru," Minist. Agric. Serv. Florest. Rio Jan. 1939
(4 pages, 3 plates).
C. odorata the chief source of the "tonka bean," the "cumaru"
is
of commerce, the seed of which furnishes coumarin, used in perfume

and medicine and as a common adulterant of or substitute for

vanilla as well as a flavor for tobacco. The brown ovoid pods of
thisand related species when fresh are oily to the touch and emit
an aromatic and to many, agreeable odor, as does the whitish seed
which is the "tonka bean." According to Ducke the flowers of
some species are very beautiful, the wood so hard and heavy that
the trees are rarely cut. I acknowledge with thanks my indebtedness
to Ducke's excellent treatment.
Ducke helpfully calls attention to other Leguminosae apt to be

confused with these important trees, for example, Taralea, similar
in leaves and flowers, Apuleia molaris as to trunk and Geoffroya
inermis as to fruits; the native name "cumaru-rana" may be applied
to any of these. On the other hand "cumaru de rato" is Poe-
cilanthe effusa and "cumaru de cheiro" or "imburana de cheiro"
is a species of Amburana.
Calyx coriaceous; drupe and seeds odorous.

Calyx wings pulverulent, 15 mm. long C. charapilla.
Calyx wings densely rusty tomentose, 10-12 mm. long.

C. odorata.
Calyx membranous, the wings petaloid; plants not cumarin scented.

Leaflets 4 or 6 C. ferrea.
Leaflets 9-11 C. micrantha.
Coumarouna charapilla Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor C. odorata affinis, foliolis usque 8, alternis, ad 17 cm.
longis, 7 cm. latis, paniculis solum minutissime puberulentis, etiam
calycis; calycis alae 15 mm. longae, 7 mm. latae, oblongae, apice
rotundatae; petala calycis alis distincte breviora. In spite of the
fact that the material imperfect (bractlets and fruit unknown,
is
flowers all
detached) probably represents a new species;
it
it differs from C. odorata as noted and from C. rosea (Spruce)

Taub. moreover, the lower calyx
in the smaller flowers; in the latter,
lobe is In C. charapilla the calyx is exceptionally
distinctly 3-toothed.
hard, even woody, the lower lobe is most obscurely toothed and the
puberulence is so fine that the collector's "flowers mulberry color"
probably refers to the color of both calyx and petals. The type was
from a solitary tree 18 meters high.
Loreto: River bank, Mancayatca, Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 362,
type. "Charapilla."
FLORA OF PERU 253
Coumarouna ferrea Ducke, Rev. Bot. Appl. 14: 403. 1934.

Tree with nearly smooth brown bark, the tall trunk deeply
buttressed; rachis winged, long produced at tip, the opposite leaflets
(petiolules 4-8 mm. long) 2-3 pairs, the larger known 11 cm. long,
5 cm. broad, strongly inequilateral, rounded at the very oblique
base, ordinarily shortly and obtusely acuminate, the tip itself
minutely retuse, thin-coriaceous, concolor, slightly lustrous above,
impunctate, the nerves and veins very fine; panicles ample, dense,
the pedicels 2-3 mm. long, the ashy-puberulent bract and bractlets
promptly caducous; flowers fragrant, the calyx conspicuous, glan-
dular, the tube about 3 mm. long, the lower lip distinctly 3-toothed,
the 2 upper lobes 9-11 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, petaloid; drupe
to 5 cm. long, 3 cm. broad. A big tree, 40-50 meters high, with
dark brown bark and supported by huge buttresses, the wood very
hard. When in flower the bright rose crown which rises high above
the common level of the forest affords a beautiful sight (Ducke).
Near C. magnified Ducke of Brazil, but that has 6-14 acuminate
leaflets, seeds not odorous.
Rio Acre: Seringal Iracema, upper Purus, (Huber, fide Ducke).

Brazil. "Cumaru ferro."
Coumarouna micrantha (Harms) Ducke, Trop. Woods 61: 9.

1940. Dipteryx micrantha Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:
976. 1926.
Glabrous except the minutely puberulent ample many-flowered

panicles; leaf-rachis grooved above, narrowly winged, to 3 dm. long,
apically long-appendaged (produced); leaflets 9-11, usually alternate,
petiolulate (2-4 mm.), oblong or nearly, rounded and slightly emargi-
nate at base, very shortly acuminate, 5-10 cm. long, about 4 cm.
wide, subcoriaceous, lustrous above, densely and minutely pellucid-
punctate; bractlets oblong-lanceolate, rather promptly deciduous;
calyx nearly glabrous, the tube 2.5 mm. long, the wings 8 mm.
long, 3.5 mm. wide, sparsely and not conspicuously gland-dotted;
ovary and style glabrous; fruit oily, edible (fide collector). The
common name according to Ducke
a diminutive of the Quechua
is
word for turtle, "charapa," and refers to the form of half a fruit-
shell. To 40 meters high, the hard wood used for constructing boats
(Klug). F.M. Neg. 2327.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 980 (det. Harms). San Isidro, mouth
of the Pastazza, Tessmann 4964, type. "Kumarut," "charapilla."
Coumarouna odorata Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 470. pi. 296. 1775.

Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 910. 1803.
Tall tree, at least in virgin forest, with rather smooth but scaly
yellowish brown bark; leaf-rachis winged, tomentose, long produced
at tip; leaflets 4-6 (8), oblong, acuminate, coriaceous, glandular,
not pellucid-punctate, commonly 10-15 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide or
larger; panicles ample, rather loosely flowered, rusty tomentulose,
the calyx wings uniformly so, these coriaceous, 10-12 mm. long;
lower calyx- tube 3-toothed; flowers, except whitish banner, rose-
color, 12 mm. long; ovary glabrous; drupe with oily and aromatic-
smelling pericarp, inedible. Leaflets as many as 8 on young
shoots, alternate or opposite.The flowers are very fragrant, the
stems and branchlets with a pea-like smell; furnishes the larger
part of the cumaru exported from Para (Ducke). That origi-
nating in Venezuela is C. punctata Blake, according to Pittier.
The similar C. rosea (Spruce) Taub. has calyx wings 20-21 mm.
long and leaf-rachis scarcely or shortly produced. The other
species of importance said to yield "the best cumuru of Brazil" is
C. trifoliolata Ducke, leaflets 3 (2), pericarp of fruit sweet, edible.
Sometimes attains 30 meters.
Rio Acre (probably, fide Ducke). Brazil; Guiana.
11. GEOFFROYA L.
Andira Lam.
Large trees with alternate unequally pinnate leaves, their leaflets
usually opposite and roseate or violet and fragrant or yellow and
malodorous flowers, these often subsessile and crowded in terminal
or subterminal panicles or simply racemose. Bracts and bractlets
commonly small and caducous. Calyx truncate or shortly to deeply
dentate. Banner suborbicular, unappendaged, the wings and keel
petals oblong, obtuse, free. Vexillar stamen usually free, the anthers
versatile. Ovary more or less long-stiped, (1) 2-4-ovuled, the drupa-
ceous ovoid-globose pod with one seed. Andira has been maintained
chiefly on the grounds of an obscurely toothed calyx and panicled
fragrant violet flowers; the leaflets vary in venation much as Machae-
rium. Name sometimes written "Geoffraea."
Flowers yellow; calyx distinctly dentate G. striata.

Flowers not yellow; calyx obscurely dentate.
Leaflets glabrous G. inermis.
Leaflets puberulent beneath G. surinamensis.
FLORA OF PERU 255
Geoff roya inermis Wright, Lond. Med. Journ. 8: 256. 1787.

Andira inermis (Wright) HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 385. 1824.
Vouacopoua inermis (Wright) Lyons, PI. Names Sci. & Pop. 396.
1900.
Typically glabrous except for the rusty-yellowish puberulent

tomentosity of the usually many-flowered panicles and the younger
petioles; leaves abundant with 9 (15) oblong or oblong-elliptic
acuminate petiolulate subcoriaceous leaflets, lustrous above, com-
monly 5-8 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. broad; stipels sometimes conspicuous,
setaceous; flowers roseate violet, about 1 cm. long, the slender claw
of the banner subequaling the obtusely based campanulate calyx,
this sub truncate, scarcely 4 mm. long; ovary glabrous or nearly,
the stipe exserted; drupe obliquely obovoid, apiculate. Attains 30
meters (Krukoff). Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 116.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, King 2763 (det. Standl. with
query). Tarapoto, Spruce 4115. Juanjui, King 4309 (det. Standl.).
Loreto: Middle Maranon, Tessmann 3836 (det. Harms). Balsa-
puerto, Klug 2843; 3108. American tropics and West Africa.
"Angelim," "angelim da varzea."
Geoff roya stria ta (Willd.) Morong, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 7:

87. 1892; 299. Robinia striata Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1132. 1803. G.
superba Humb. & Bonpl. PI. Aequin. 2: 69. pi. 100. 1809.
Leaflets alternate or irregularly opposite, commonly about 15

(13-25), obovate-oblong, obtuse or retuse, lightly pilose both sides
or rarely glabrous, 16-20 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad; racemes ashy
I or rufescently tomentulose, subequaling the leaves; calyx acute at
base, 6-7 mm. long, incurved, the teeth nearly 2 mm. long, the
pedicels 2-3 mm. long; banner glabrous, twice as long as the calyx;
j
ovary sessile, tomentose, with 4 ovules, the ovoid or subglobose
ligneous pod the size of a walnut, maturing one ovoid oblong seed.
The fruits are very oily but not edible (Raimondi). Illustrated,
Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 117. F.M. Neg. 2352.
Piura: Rio Quiroz, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem as G. superba).
Tumbez: Rainy-green formation, coastal plain, Hacienda la Choza,
Weberbauer 7719; also near Zarumilla, 7622. Cajamarca: Playa
de Nanchoc, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem asG. superba). Bolivia; Gala-
pagos Islands; Venezuela; Brazil. "Seca," "almendro" (Raimondi).
Geoffroya surinamensis Bondt de Cort. Geoff. Surin. 13.

(with fig.) 1788. Andira surinamensis (Bondt) Splitg. ex Pulle,
Enum. PL Surin. 229. 1906. A. retusa (Lam.) HBK. Nov. Gen.

& Sp. 6: 385. 1824. G. retusa Poir. in Lam. Diet. 8: 182. 1808.
Illustr. pi. 604- 1797. Vouacopoua retusa (Poir.) Lyons, PI. Names
Sci. & Pop. 396. 1900.
Minutely pilose-puberulent on the petioles and the under surface
of the leaflets, these oblong-elliptic or oblong-obovate, rounded or
retuse both ends, coriaceous, lustrous above, rather prominently
reticulate-veined beneath; panicles lax, minutely tomentulose, the
pedicels 2-3 mm. long; calyx about 6 mm. long, narrowed at base,
the petals twice as long; ovary glabrous with stipe exserted after
an thesis; drupe ovoid, glabrous, about 4 cm. long. Attains 25
meters (Krukoff). Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi 115.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 181. Rio Acre: On terra firma,
mouth of Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5483. Brazil; the Guianas;
Trinidad. "Huayruzo," "angeline," "morregueira."
DERRIS
12. Lour.
Lonchocarpus HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 383. 1824.

Reference: Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 85-101. 1860.
Trees, less frequently lianas, with alternate oddly pinnate leaves

(the leaflets usually opposite, usually petiolulate, rarely solitary),
the violet-purple or white or white and yellow flowers borne in simple
racemes or in narrow panicles, the pedicels usually paired or fascicu-
late. Bracts and bractlets caducous or the latter rarely subper-
sistent. Calyx truncate, the teeth minute or obsolete. Banner
appendaged or not. Keel obtuse, the petals lightly connate dorsally
as also the wings. Vexillar stamen free below the middle where
ordinarily united with the others in a closed tube, the anthers
versatile. Ovary somewhat stiped, 2-many-ovuled. Pods oblong
or elongate, emarginate or the upper sutures sometimes dilated or
one or both wing-extended, plane, membranous or coriaceous,
indehiscent. Seeds usually 1 or 2, compressed, reniform or sub-
orbicular.
Genus is a source of rotenone, "one of the most potent insecticidal
constituents of plants used by South American natives as fish
poisons"; cf. Krukoff & Smith, Amer. Journ. Bot. 24: 576-587.
1937 (from the taxonomic part of which I have largely drawn),
who give a bibliography and much economic and commercial
information.
The commercial importance of this group makes an explanation
of the use of the name Derris instead of Lonchocarpus the name
FLORA OF PERU 257
commonly employed for at least most of the American species known

to be rich in rotenone apropos. Both names are antedated by
earlier synonyms but as both are on the list of Nomina Conservanda
the earlier, Denis, is to be used if the genus is defined in its natural
sense, as indicated by Bentham, the first great authority on these
plants, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 7. 1860. There, wishing
to discuss their distribution and that of allied genera, he wrote:
"We must take natural genera only, those which have general
differences traceable in their flowers or other organs and not deter-
mined by the form of the pod, uniting Ecastaphyllum with Dalbergia,
Drepanocarpus with Machaerium, Lonchocarpus, Pongamia, Piscidia
and Muellera with Derris, Andira with Geoffroya and Pterodon with
Dipteryx. We shall then find the two largest genera and one smaller
common to three continents."
Since this was written Dalbergia and Machaerium have been

redefined to include the genera mentioned and recently Ducke
(Trop. Woods 69: 2-7. 1942) has united under one name all the
American species previously referred to Lonchocarpus or Derris.
.
Unfortunately he has employed the later name Lonchocarpus, re-
marking that "for lack of sufficient material the two genera cannot
now be strongly differentiated but it is convenient to maintain the
names because of the large number of species they contain." Obvi-
ously this at best could be only a provisional disposition of the
species; the large number of specimens which I have seen in European
herbaria as well as in those of the United States has impressed upon
me the conclusion reached a number of years ago that Bentham was
namely, that we are concerned with only one natural genus.
correct,
But re'sume' of the situation is desirable.
a
Derris as to original species "has the flat pod of Lonchocarpus,
varying likewise in consistency from thin and membranous to thick
and almost woody, without, however, any special thickening of the
upper suture; and it is generically distinguished by the upper edge,
and sometimes the lower one also, being bordered by a narrow longi-
tudinal wing, which varies, like the pod itself, in consistency but is
always distinctly marked off by a prominent long vein or nerve on
each side indicating the real suture." (Bentham.) But in Tulasne's
Brazilian genus Neuroscapha, merged by Bentham himself in Lon-
chocarpus, the pod, as Benthamobserves, in degree thickens at the
seed-bearing suture, sometimes providing a flat or concave surface
to the edge of the pod that may be as much as 6 mm. wide. And
the oriental Derris glauca Merr. & Chun, simulates closely the
Neuroscapha group, while the African D. leptorhachis Harms has

pods with a thickened upper suture that is medially lined or barely
margined. It seems clear that the long vein or nerve that ordinarily
sets off the wing-like margin of the pods of many species is a character
sufficiently diagnostic to make
possible to classify the species
it
sectionally but it is questionable indeed if there would be any natural

arrangement in such a division, for the wing of Denis too is developed
in varying degree! If pods winged or margined on one edge is a
diagnostic generic character pods winged on both edges must be
as important as well as pods not winged at all. Bentham himself
rejected such "logical" generic segregation, I.e. 22, showing clearly
that there are not concomitant characters, even as there are none
as regards Lonchocarpus (pods wingless) and Derris. He retains
Piscidia, the "lateral expansion of the sutures" resulting in four
wings, but it is noteworthy that this plant in flower is sometimes
difficult to distinguish, at least in the herbarium, from L. guate-
malensis. As Bentham remarks, the pods of some species of Sesbania
in another tribe (Galegeae) are similar in wing-development; in
Dimorphandra, Cassia and elsewhere in the family the pods within
the same genus may or may not be winged at one or more sutures.
Obviously the winging of the pod in Derris is of no more taxonomic
significance than it is for example in Machaerium. Related is
Muellera, of Linnaeus with a "thick fruit nearly circular in its trans-
verse section"; in one species it is one-seeded and ovoid or ellipsoid,
in the other and more common one it is elongate and usually several-
to many-seeded and nearly parted between the seeds so that "in
its perfect state it resembles a string of large beads." What diversity
is here!
Returning to Bentham's assertion quoted above that the natural

genus here includes Lonchocarpus, Pongamia (Asian and exactly
Lonchocarpus except for a more fleshy pod with blunt sutures),
Piscidia and Muellera, I suggest that the taxonomy of these plants,
many of them so important in commerce, will be greatly clarified
and at the same time present more exactly the true development and
comparative relationship if Derris is drawn to include Lonchocarpus,
while Muellera, Pongamia and Piscidia, especially the first, may well
be retained (as by Bentham) as small offshoot groups; Muellera has
a definite character; Pongamia and Piscidia are evidently only ex-
treme developments in the fruit and thus while purely academic may,
especially in floristic work, be conveniently recognized. Finally
it may be noted that this disposition would conform to usual taxon-
FLORA OF PERU 259
omy as practiced in all families, with the majority of closely related
species grouped under one name while extreme forms are left at the
edge so to speak in separate groups if desired. Indeed this is exactly
what has been done (Ducke and Hoehne) in uniting Drepanocarpus
(wingless pods) with Machaerium (more or less winged), a procedure
already suggested by Bentham. Thus in tribe Pterocarpeae we have
a delimitation of genera analogous to that proposed here for the
Lonchocarpeae.
Flowers geminate, regularly or irregularly racemulose, often sessile;
leaf-rachis grooved above or the leaflets pellucid-punctate.
Banner not calloused; leaflets 3-5, glabrous, more or less punctate.

D. confertiflora.
Banner bicalloused at base; 7 or more, if fewer,
leaflets usually
puberulent beneath or if fewer and glabrous, not punctate.

Leaflets densely villous beneath; ovary densely villous, ovules
about 10 D. hedyosma.
Leaflets glabrous or sparsely, minutely pubescent; ovules 3-8.
Leaflets not pellucid-punctate; inflorescence spiciform or
racemiform.
Leaflets, at least typically, 7-11 or the ovules 6-8.
Leaflets mostly or all only 5-7.5 cm. long; ovules 6-8;
pods coriaceous, the upper margin broadly dilated.
D. Guilleminiana.
Leaflets longer; ovules 3-4; pods thinner, the upper
suture merely acute D. spiciflora.
Leaflets 5; ovules 3 D. seorsa.
Leaflets pellucid-punctate; inflorescence a narrow panicle.

D. hylobia.
Flowers fasciculate on short often nodosiform peduncles; leaflets, if
pellucid-punctate, with grooved rachis (L. glabrescens).
Pods not wing-margined; stems minutely striate-ridged longi-
tudinally.
Leaflets unless the terminal one rarely more than 7 cm. long,
more or less obviously reticulate-pellucid; keel strongly
arcuate; ovules many (8-18) D. glabrescens.
Leaflets distinctly longer, at least 10 cm. long, not punctate;
ovules few (1-4).
Pubescence on leaflets beneath minute, sparse, obscure;
wings often strongly falcate D. sylvestris.
Pubescence obvious (under lens), rather dense; wings nearly

straight (inL. nicou unknown).
Leaflets commonly 3-5 (9), about half as broad as long.
D. rariflora.
Leaflets commonly 7 (rarely 5 or 9), narrower.
Leaflets usually acute at base, gradually acuminate.
D. nicou.
Leaflets usually rounded at base, abruptly acuminate.
D. urucu.
Pods wing-margined, with a nerve between wing and suture; stems
cylindrical or somewhat angled.
Leaflets 7-9; banner cordate at base D. amazonica.
Leaflets commonly 5; banner obovate D. pterocarpa.
Derris amazonica Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 48. 1934.

Killip, Journ.
Lonchocarpus negrensis Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 98.
1860, not D. negrensis Benth. Deguelia amazonica Killip, I.e., not
Taub.
With the habit of D. pterocarpa but the leaves usually with 9
leaflets on densely brownish sericeous petiolules 4-7 mm. long, the
blades chartaceous or scarcely coriaceous, dark green and lustrous
above, contrastingly paler and pilose beneath, the trichomes more
or less spreading, becoming about 2 dm. long, half as broad, mostly
somewhat smaller, rather shortly caudate acuminate; racemes densely
brown-sericeous; pedicels 4-8 mm. long; calyx 4-6 mm. long; banner
broadly obovate, to 11 mm. long and broad; pods oblong, obtuse
at both ends, densely golden sericeous, to 12 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad,
the membranous wing 2-6 mm. broad. Ducke, Trop. Woods 69:
6.1942, has observed that this species is closely allied toL. floribundus
Benth. mentioned here under D. sylvestris but that the margined pod
resembles that of D. pterocarpa. According to Krukoff and Smith,
I.e. 576, the plants are scattered in sandy soils, the grayish white
roots (when cut) showing little latex, their rotenone content small.
F.M. Neg. 2315.
Loreto: Middle Maranon, Tessmann 3833 (det. Harms). Brazil;
Guiana.
Derris confertiflora (Benth.) Macbr., comb. nov. Lonchocarpus

confer tiflorus Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 96. 1860.
Typically glabrous except for the finely silky puberulent race-
mose panicles; petioles narrowly grooved above; leaflets 3-5, broadly
FLORA OF PERU 261
oval-elliptic or subovate, rounded or barely acute at base, shortly

acuminate, 6-8 (13) cm. long, 4-6 (8) cm. wide, early membranous
and typically pellucid-punctate, becoming coriaceous and obscurely
punctate; panicles dense, floriferous nearly to base, the short branch-
lets more or less lengthening out, the flowers sessile; bracts and
bractlets minute, caducous or more or less persisting; flowers 10-12
mm. long, the banner unappendaged, finely sericeous without; calyx
scarcely 2 mm. high; ovules 5(?) (Bentham); pods unknown.
F.M. Neg. 2308.
San Martin: Juanjui, flowers white and cream, 4-meter tree,
King 3766. Tarapoto, Spruce 4219, type; tall tree, Williams 6711.
Chazuta, flowers violet, Klug 4311 (det. Standl.).
Derris glabrescens (Benth.) Macbr., comb. nov. Lonchocarpus

glabrescens Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 33. 1850; 100. L. boli-
viensis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 93. 1917?
Liana, the slender branchlets and grooved petioles glabrate;

nearly oblong, acute or rounded at base, shortly
leaflets usually 9,
acuminate, 5-7.5 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, in age scarcely sub-
coriaceous, not truly punctate but reticulate-pellucid, glabrous above,
slightly and minutely appressed pilose beneath, the midnerve and
5-7 lateral nerves rather prominent both sides; racemes floriferous
nearly to base, to several dm. long, nodose from the short peduncles;
pedicels fasciculate, about 4 mm. long; bracts small, oblong-orbicular,
caducous; calyx broadly campanulate, finally cyathiform, truncate,
minutely 4-dentate, the broader upper tooth scarcely conspicuous;
banner 12 mm. long, broadly orbicular, recurved, minutely sericeous;
wings strongly arcuate; staminal tube entire nearly to base; ovary
sessile, tomentulose, the ovules about 10; style sparsely hirtellous;
pods coriaceous, apparently transversely articulate, 10-15 cm. long,
12-14 mm. wide, 3-9-seeded. Nearly L. densiflorus Benth., 99, of
Colombia and British Guiana, but the leaflets larger, racemes longer
and axillary or terminal instead of arising from the leafless part of
the older wood, and the pod coriaceous (Bentham). Type not seen;
the Peruvian material seems to be the same as Pittier's plant which
however as to type has "16-18 ovules." The lowest peduncles may
sometimes lengthen to 8 mm. Woody vine climbing to 50 meters
or higher; flowers pale blue (Killip & Smith).
Loreto: Above Iquitos, Killip & Smith 29400. Soledad on Rio
Itaya, Killip &Smith 29759. Canchahuaya, Rio Ucayali, (Huber
1395). Brazil; Bolivia? "Barbasco."
Derris Guilleminiana (Tul.) Macbr., comb. nov. Loncho-

carpus Guilleminiana (Tul.) Malme, Arkiv. Bot. 23A, no. 13: 30.
1931. Neuroscapha Guilleminiana Tul. in Ann. Sci. Nat. se*r. 2. 20:
137. 1843; Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. 4: 76. pi. 6. 1843. L. Neuro-
scapha Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 89. 1860.
Younger branchlets or petioles usually more or less rusty puberu-
and in some forms the leaflets beneath, or these
lent as the racemes
strigillose or glabrous; leaflets 7-13, ovate or oblong, xcommonly
7-10 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, rounded or connate at base, more or less
acuminate; racemes solitary in the axils or panicled above, 7-10 cm.
long; pedicels geminate, about 2 mm. long; bractlets beneath calyx,
caducous; flowers violet, about 8 mm. long or somewhat longer, the
banner sericeous, emarginate, somewhat calloused on the plicate
auricles; ovary tomentose, with 6-8 ovules, pods coriaceous, glabres-
cent, to 7 cm. long, nearly 2 cm. wide, the upper suture broadly
cymbiform or concave-dilated. The Peruvian material with appar-
ently fewer leaflets resembles D. seorsa but it has ovary with 6
ovules and the silky banner is reflexed. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras.
15, pt. 1. pis. 90, 100.
Loreto: Mouth of Santiago, Tessmann 3991 (det. Harms). Brazil.
Derris hedyosma (Miq.) Macbr., comb. nov. Lonchocarpus

hedyosmus Miq. Linnaea 18: 564. 1844. L. macrocarpus Benth. var.
sericophyllus Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 91. 1860.
Branchlets closely lenticellate, the younger as the racemes tomen-
tose, the latter amply paniculate; stipules subulate, promptly
caducous; leaflets 7-9 (17) oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, 6-12 cm. long, a third as broad, densely appressed silky-
pilose beneath, glabrate above, membranous; pedicels slender, 3 mm.
long, binate at tip of a peduncle as long; calyx broadly campanulate,
about 5 mm. long, only the 3 acute lower teeth distinctly developed;
banner and wings ashy sericeous without, the lower clawed, to 14 mm.
long, about as broad, bicalloused at base, emarginate; filaments
ovary densely villous; pod stiped, flat, oblong, acute
slightly pilose;
both ends, more or less constricted between the 1-4 reniform seeds,
subcoriaceous, to 1 dm. long, 2.5 cm. wide. Description after
Amshoff. F.M. Negs. 2313; 28165 (L. macrocarpus}.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Spruce 4597 (type, Bentham var.). Brazil
to Guiana; Bolivia?
Derris hylobia (Harms) Macbr., comb. nov. Lonchocarpus

hylobius Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 975. 1927.
FLORA OF PERU 263
bark of the branchlets pale; leaf-

Tall, nearly glabrous tree, the
lets 4-5 pairs (slender petiolules 5-7 mm. long), oblong-lanceolate,
acute to obtuse at base, somewhat acuminate, 5-13 cm. long, 3-6 cm.
wide, glabrous or slightly puberulent beneath, there the 7-10 or
more nerves prominent, papyraceous; panicles ample, 3-5 cm. long,
puberulent; pedicels solitary or geminate, 3-5 mm. long; calyx
nearly 5 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad; banner sericeous without, 12 mm.
long, 9 mm. wide, ovary with stipe villous, the ovules 3-4. Nearly
D. glabrescens but flowers not fascicled. To 40 meters high, 15
meters to first branch, flood-free woods; flowers carmine, visited by
bees (Tessmann). F.M. Neg. 2312.
Loreto: Mouth of Santiago, Tessmann 4032, type.
Derris nicou (Aubl.) Macbr., comb. nov. Robinia nicou Aubl.

PI. Guian. 771. pi. 308. 1775. Lonchocarpus nicou (Aubl.) DC.
Prodr. 2: 261. 1825. L. utilis A. C. Smith, Amer. Journ. Bot. 24:
580. 1937.
Character in general that of L. urucu; petioles to 2 dm. long;
leaflets2-4 usually in cultivation 7 (rarely 5 to 9), oblong or elliptic
or elliptic-lanceolate, 12-35 cm. long, 4-12 cm. wide, acute at base,
more or less gradually caudate-acuminate, appressed pilose beneath
including the 6-10 arcuate ascending lateral nerves. In Journ. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 20: 75. 1930 Killip & Smith identified this plant asL. nicou
(Aubl.) DC., the type from Guiana with, according to Smith, I.e.,
considerably smaller and shorter leaflets and with the secondary
nerves straight. In our judgment there is no essential difference
that can be regarded as specific. The species is one of the constituents
of curare; cf. Killip & Smith, Bull. Torrey Club 66: 305. 1939. The
roots, though comparatively small, provide the bulk of cube or
barbasco exported from Iquitos, according to Smith.
Ayacucho: Basin of Apurimac, Killip & Smith 22913; 23053.
Junin: Basin of Ucayali, Killip & Smith 23878; 26200; 26369;
26712, and others. Loreto: Basin Ucayali, Killip & Smith 27565;
27994; 28300; 29066, and many others. Basin Rio Maranon, Killip
& Smith 26886; 27278, type; 27362; 29957, and many others. Rio
Acre: Basin Jurua, Krukoff 5210; 7717; 7718. Ecuador; Amazonian
Brazil; Guianas. "Barbasco," "cube," "cube de almidon," "conapi,"
"pacai," "timbo" (Peru), "timbo legitimo," "timbo branco"
(Brazil).
Derris pterocarpa (DC.) Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 26:

360. 1936. Lonchocarpus pterocarpus DC. Prodr. 2: 260. 1825.
Deguelia scandens Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 750. pi. 300. 1775, not Denis
scandens Benth. Derris guianensis Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4:
Suppl. 106. 1860.
High-climbing liana, the leaflets usually 5, the younger parts
including the fasciculately flowered racemes somewhat reddish brown
pilose; leaflets ovate or oblong-elliptic, rounded-subcordate at base,
more or less acuminate, usually about 8 cm. long, half as broad, rather
lustrous above, pale and sometimes a little pubescent beneath, sub-
coriaceous; bracts at base of racemes often stipule-like and con-
spicuous; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; calyx 3 mm. long; petals about 8
mm. long, yellowish; pods sessile, membranous, sparsely and minutely
setulose, veiny, rounded at base, to 9 cm. long, sometimes longer,
about 2 mm. broad at the seed, the wing 2.5-3 mm. wide. According
to Ducke, Trop. Woods 69: 5. 1942, this is a high-climbing vine in
upland rain forests as well as on river banks but is not used as a
fish poison. D. negrensis Benth., similar, has leaflets minutely
pubescent beneath, racemes rusty tomentose, pods ovate obtuse,
puberulent, coriaceous; D. longifolia Benth., pubescent as D. negrensis
but leaflets narrowed at base, pods membranous, the younger reddish-
velutinous, and, as suggested by Amshoff, the apparent difference
between the two species is possibly due to age. Part of the material
cited has open, part dense, inflorescence and its determination without
fruit is not entirely certain. Both Ducke and Pittier have taken up
the earlier name of Aublet contrary to the International Rules since
his cognomen is already in use in the genus as pointed out by Killip.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. I: pi. 107.
Loreto: Iquitos, Tessmann 3637 (det. Harms); Mexia 6420. Rio
Mazan, Jose Schunke 111. Balsapuerto, Klug 3067. Mishuyacu,
Klug 1023 (det. Harms). Brazil; the Guianas.
Derris rariflora (Benth.) Macbr., comb. nov. Lonchocarpus

Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 98. 1860.
rariflorus
Shrub finally developing high-climbing branches; petioles terete,
5-12 cm. long; rachis and petiolules, these 3-7 mm. long, hispidulous;
leaflets 3 or 5 (rarely 7, exceptionally 9), more or less coriaceous,
lustrous above, nearly concolor, oblong-elliptic, 9-25 cm. long,
4-11 cm. broad; usually rounded or subcordate at base, abruptly
acuminate, the costa little developed above and glabrous, very
prominent beneath and hispidulous as the 5-7 lateral nerves, the
surface subappressed-pilose; inflorescence to 5 dm. long,
itself
the rachis spreading pilose, the peduncles 2-4 (10) cm. long, the
FLORA OF PERU 265
pedicels 2-3mm. long, brown sericeous as the basally bibracteolate

cupuliform calyx, this 3-4 mm. long, about 4 mm. broad; petals blue
to pink, more or less sericeous, especially the suborbicular banner,
this 6-8 mm. long, 7-10 mm. broad; wings nearly straight; ovary
densely and evenly golden sericeous, the ovules 2 (3) pods elliptic- ;
oblong, 3-4 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, obtuse and often apiculate at
apex, strongly compressed, permanently golden sericeous, papyra-
ceous, 1-seeded. Description after Krukoff & Smith who note that
the fresh roots are bright yellow when first cut, exuding a yellowish
latex, their bark roughened as though warty, suggesting the skin
of a Brazilian frog to which resemblance the common name "cururu"
refers. Illustrated, Krukoff & Smith, I.e. 576 (fr.).
Loreto: Iquitos (fide Krukoff). Amazonian Brazil; British

Guiana. "Timbo cururu," "cururu," and "timbo-amarillo."
Derris seorsa Macbr., spec. nov.

Arbor; ramis glabratis lenticellis albis verrucosis; petiolis supra
anguste canaliculatis; foliolis 5 fere oblongo-ellipticis basi subacutis,
apice breviter acuminatis, 6-10 cm. longis, 3.5-5 cm. latis, chartaceis,
supra glabris, subtus minute sparseque adpresse pilosis, nervo medio
et lateralibus (7 vel ultra) prominulis; racemis puberulis ad 12 cm.
longis (folio brevioribus), floribus plerisque geminis vix 10 mm.
longis; pedicelli et pedicellis propriis circa 1.5 mm. longis, bracteolis
calyce approximatis, vexillo tenuiter sericeo suborbiculato leviter
emarginato, basi bicalloso; ovarium tenuiter sericeum, ovulis 3.
Evidently pertains to the Neuroscaphi or Densiflori of Bentham's
treatment, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 85-101. 1860, to none
of which it seems possible to refer it, considering the fineness with
which specific lines must with present knowledge be drawn. The
specimen was distributed as L. confer tiflorus(f) which it simulates
but that glabrous species has pellucid punctate leaves, smooth
banner. Type from a tree 28 meters tall, flowers greenish white.
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4041, type.
Derris spiciflora (Mart.) Macbr., comb. nov. Lonchocarpus

spiciflorus Mart, ex Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 91.
1860.
Branchlets soon glabrous; leaflets 7-9, oblong-elliptic or some-
what obovate, rounded or retuse at apex or minutely acuminate,
often 10-15 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide, subcoriaceous, glabrous and
slightly lustrous above, sometimes most minutely reddish puberulent
beneath, the divergent lateral nerves impressed above, prominent

beneath; racemes dense, floriferous nearly to base, solitary or often
fasciculate, 10 cm. long or longer; pedicels finally 2 mm. long, the
flowers at anthesis subsessile and scarcely 10 mm. long; bractlets
suborbicular; calyx truncate; banner glabrous, transversely bical-
loused-orbiculate; ovary finely sericeous, ovules about 4, style
glabrous; pods 7.5 cm. long, 18 mm. wide, probably larger, glabrous.
According to Mexia bark used in strips for lashings, that collector's
specimen from an 8-meter tree with slightly fragrant white flowers.
Loreto: Overflowed bank, Mexia 6452a. Balsapuerto, Klug 2991 .
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 4121; 3967. Brazil. "Yumanaza."
Derris sylvestris (A. C. Smith) Macbr., comb. nov. Loncho-

carpus sylvestris A. C. Smith, Amer. Journ. Bot. 24: 576. 1937.
Vigorous liana, essentially glabrous (and appearing so to the eye)
except for a minute appressed pilosity on the leaflets beneath and
the petals without; petioles 7-13 cm. long, the slender petiolules
4-10 mm. long; leaflets 5-9, chartaceous, lustrous above, oblong
to elliptic, usually 12-23 cm. long, 4.5 (9) cm. broad, commonly
obtuse or rounded at base, gradually acuminate, the acumen 1-3 cm.
long; inflorescence to 7 dm. long, the peduncles usually 6-9 mm.
long, the pedicels 4-7 mm. long; calyx cupuliform, 6-7 mm. long,
4-5 mm. broad, brown sericeous both sides, the deltoid acute lobes
about 2 mm. long; banner 12 mm. broad, nearly as long, conspicu-
ously retuse, the wings often strongly falcate; ovary minutely golden
sericeous, the ovules 2-4. Roots, according to the author, exude
little(and this watery) latex when cut, their wood whitish or yellow-
ish, the bark conspicuously ridged when dry. Roots noted as long
as 20 meters growing only a few inches below the surface. L. flori-
bundus Benth., 284, is similarly pubescent except that the banner is
sericeous without; the wings are nearly straight, the leaflets coriaceous,
2.5-5 cm. wide.
Junin: Killip & Smith 26494; 26501; 26527; 26560. Loreto:
Wooded bank Rio Maranon, near mouth of Rio Tigre, Killip
of
& Smith 27528, type, also 26841; 27092, and other collections.
Rio Acre: Basin Rio Purus, Ule 9460. Amazonian Brazil.
Derris urucu (Killip & Smith) Macbr., comb. nov. Lonchocarpus

urucu Killip & Smith, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 20: 81. pi. 4. 1930.
An erect shrub becoming a great liana, attaining even the tree-
tops; petioles 7-15 cm. long, with the petiolules (4-9 mm. long)
FLORA OF PERU 267
and the leaflets beneath spreading pilose, the trichomes more or

less 7 (5-9), thin coriaceous, dark green and lustrous
golden; leaflets
above, dull beneath, obovate-oblong, especially the terminal one,
10-31 cm. long, 6-16 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at base, abruptly
acuminate, the upper surface including the midnerve glabrous;
lateral nerves 7-12, prominent beneath; inflorescence 1-2 dm. long,
reddish silky tomentose, the peduncles often 4-6 mm. long, the
slender pedicels about 3 mm. long; calyx cylindric campanulate 4-5
mm. long, nearly as broad, the subacute lobes about 2 mm. long;
petals reddish violet, silky without, the suborbicular banner 12 mm.
broad, nearly as long, retuse, the wings nearly straight; ovary
minutely sericeous, the ovules 4; pods broadly ovate to oblong-
ovate, 4-9 cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. broad, rounded or subacute at apex,
more or less acute at base, strongly compressed, minutely sericeous,
1 (2) -seeded. Latex of fresh roots when cut thick, abundant,
the wood in the central part blood-red after short exposure, the
bark drying smooth; roots are said to attain 25 meters, resembling
garden hose. According to Krukoff & Smith, I.e. 582 (whose descrip-
tion is modified), the bulk of roots and powder exported from the
Amazon is of this species. The authors of the species noted that the
native name "timbo urucu" refers to the reddish color, the first
word being a name for any fish poison. Illustrated, Krukoff &
Smith, I.e. 576 (fr.).
Peru: Undoubtedly, as already collected near the boundary with
Brazil. Amazonian Brazil. "Timbo urucu," "timbo uassu."
13. PLATYMISCIUM Vog.

Trees or shrubs with characters in general those of Denis but
the leaves opposite or 3-4-verticillate, the wings of the yellowish
or yellow and violet flowers free, the staminal tube cleft above (the
vexillar stamen rarely free) and especially the venose pods with
a thin wing-like margin about the large solitary seed, the wings
more extended at each end, the pod thus oblongish.
Hymenolobium Benth., to be expected in eastern Peru, is similar
but the pods are often more membranous, ovules several, keel petals
free,and leaves alternate. The species of Platymiscium, Bentham
has written (1860), "are very difficult to characterize .... Several
of the forms described as species may possibly, when better known,
have hereafter to be united." These remarks are certainly true
to this day and the identity of much of the material, mostly in
flower, is open to question.
An important timber tree of the Amazon, called "macacauba,"

is P. Benth., I.e., especially the variety nigrum Ducke,
trinitatis
fide Amsh. (P. Duckei Huber); it has lightly to densely sericeous
calyces, fruiting pedicels 4-6 mm. long.
Calyces 2-2.5 mm. long; flowers borne with mature leaves. P. gracile.
Calyces 3-4 mm. long; flowers borne before leaves or these young.
P. stipulare.
Platymiscium gracile Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl.

82. 1860.
Bark of branchlets gray, rather densely verticillate; stipules

lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm. long, flowering branchlets glabrous as also
the leaves and racemes or the rachis and pedicels minutely and
very sparsely puberulent; leaflets 5, firm-membranous, lustrous,
finely reticulate-veined, minutely acuminate, rarely acute at base,
oval-obovate, about 5 (7) cm. long, 3 (4) cm. wide, on petiolules
5-8 mm. long; racemes solitary or 2-3, slender, 1-1.5 dm. long;
pedicels 2-2.5 mm. long, scarcely exceeding the calyx; flowers 6 mm.
long, the obovate banner barely longer than the wings; pods 5 cm.
long, 2 cm. wide at the middle, narrowed both ends, the stipe 3.5
mm. long. F.M. Negs. 18403; 21907.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4228, type.
Platymiscium stipulare Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4:

Suppl. 82. 1860.
Branchlets somewhat inflated; stipules lanceolate, glabrous, to
2 cm. long; leaflets 5, oval, shortly acuminate, rounded at base,
glabrate, becoming coriaceous and prominently reticulate-veined,
to 12 cm. long, half as wide; racemes densely floriferous nearly to
base, sometimes elongated to a dm. long or longer, the rachis and
pedicels (these at anthesis 2-2.5 mm. long, little longer in fruit)
densely tomentulose-pilose; bracts and bractlets caducous, the former
ovate, membranous, nearly 6 mm. long, the latter about half as
long; calyx puberulent or glabrous, about 3 mm. long; flowers
12 mm. long; claw of banner as long as calyx; stamens monadel-
phous; pods 7 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, the stipules about 1 cm. long.
The hollow part of the young branchlets is always full of ants
(Bentham); flowers yellow and violet (Klug). P. pinnatum (Jacq.)
Dugand, widely distributed from just north of Peru, has more open
racemes, the pedicels 8-12 mm. long. Klug 3832 has granular
puberulent calyces, pubescent rachis, larger flowers than type;
FLORA OF PERU 269
King 2980 has glabrous calyx; both collections perhaps should be

included in P. trinitatis Benth. F.M. Negs. 21909; 28273.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4292, type. Juanjui, King 3832.
San Antonio, Belshaw 3519. Loreto: Balsapuerto, 6-meter tree with
large flowers, King 2980(1).
14. PLATYPODIUM Vog.

Trees, the leaves either abruptly or imparipinnate, their leaflets
alternate or irregularly opposite, the flowers showy, yellow, laxly
racemose in the upper axils, and, strikingly in mature fruit, the pods
samaroid but the seed apical, the wing-portion narrowing to the
stiped base. Bracts and bractlets small, caducous. Calyx turbinate
at base, the 2 upper lobes more or less connate. Banner unappen-
daged; keel petals connate. Stamens connate into 2 groups except
the vexillar and lowest one free; anthers versatile. Ovary many-
ovuled, the filiform style with small terminal stigma. Seeds solitary
(rarely 2), oblong-reniform with short inflexed radicle.
The fruit suggests that of Schizolobium.
Platypodium viride Vog. Linnaea 11 420. 1837 ; 262. P. elegans

:
Vog. var. major Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 262. 1862.
Younger parts puberulent; petioles several cm. long; leaflets

5-10 pairs, oblong-elliptic, acute at base, more or less retuse, coria-
ceous, veiny, lustrous above, glabrous beneath in age, commonly 5 cm.
long, nearly half as wide; racemes 5-10 cm. long, shorter than the
leaves; pedicels 6-8 mm. long; calyx about 5 mm. long, glabrous or
nearly; banner to 2 cm. broad; pods glabrous, lustrous, scarcely
venose, oblanceolate, little narrowed to the stipe, 10-11 cm. long, 3
cm. wide at the seed. P. elegans Vog. has leaflets to 2.5 cm. long,
1 cm. wide, the veiny pods only half as large as those of P. viride
and more abruptly attenuate to stipe; there may be intermediate
forms, in which case Bentham's disposition of P. viride would be
the more natural one. To 25 meters high.
Rio Acre: Terra firma, Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5709. Brazil.
15. POECILANTHE Benth.

With the appearance of the related Pterocarpus and mostly with
the same characters but the calyx semi-4-toothed, the upper tooth
connate into one that is merely shortly dentate, the keel incurved
and shorter than the wings, these auricled in the Peruvian species,
the 5 alternate longer anthers affixed near the base, the remaining
versatile. Pods compressed, woody, dehiscent.
Poecilanthe effusa (Huber) Ducke, Bull. Mus. Paris, se>. 2. 4:

733. 1932. Amphiodon effustis Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 399.
1908.
Leaflets glabrous, lustrous both sides, chartaceous, reticulate-
veiny, acute at base, acuminate or shortly caudate-acuminate,
ovate-oblong, 7-14 cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. wide; racemes minutely
ashy puberulent-pilose, 3-6 cm. long; flowers purplish, subsessile,
7-9 mm. long; calyx about 4.5-6 mm. long, deeply lobed, the obtusish
divisions oblong; stamens nearly diadelphous; ovary subsessile,
glabrate; pods obovoid, shortly stiped, 3-4 cm. long, 2 cm. wide with
1-2 chestnut-colored seeds 2 cm. long. P. amazonica Ducke, I.e.
734, has most of the leaves 1-foliate, the pods to 7 cm. long, long-
stiped. Wood used for construction; to 20 meters high (Krukoff).
Illustrated, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 6: pi. 2.
Rio Acre: On terra firma near "Caripe," mouth of Rio Macauhan,
Krukoff 5605. Brazil.
16. PTEROCARPUS L.
Reference: Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 82-86. 1925.

Unarmed trees with alternate oddly pinnate leaves (the leaflets
alternate or irregularly opposite and estipulate) and yellow or
white and violet, glabrous, often showy flowers borne in axillary
simple racemes or lax axillary and terminal panicles. Bracts and
bractlets small, caducous. Calyces campanula te, usually acutish
at base, incurved in bud, the 2 upper lobes more or less connate.
Stamens all high-connate, the tube cleft above or both sides equally
or the vexillar stamen free; anthers versatile. Ovary sessile or stiped,

2-6-ovuled. Pods compressed, indehiscent, orbicular or ovate to
oval-oblong, thin or thick, sometimes winged all around, the style
usually lateral, the seed medial. Seeds 1, or 2 and then indurately
separated.
The segregate VataireopsisDucke has a turbinate calyx, stamens
slightly connate, theovary with 2 lateral crests; Vatairea Aubl. has
straight calyx. These differences are comparable to the segregation
of Diplotropis. One Brazilian species, P. ormosioides Ducke, is
unique in having calyces that are obtuse at base and dark violet
flowers and has been placed probably rightly by Ducke in a distinct
genus, Paramachaerium Ducke; cf. Trop. Woods 41: 6-7. 1935.
FLORA OF PERU 271
Leaflets shortly pilose beneath; pedicels to 8 mm. long. P. rufescens.

Leaflets glabrous; pedicels 1-4 (5) mm. long.
Pedicels 1-2 (3.5) mm. long; bracts and bractlets caducous; pods
flat.
Rachis slender; pods thin-winged all around P. Rohrii.

Rachis fleshy-inflated, spindle-shaped; pods thin-margined.
P. Ulei.
Pedicels about 4 mm. long; pods thick, oblong-pyramidal; bracts
6-7 mm. long, subpersisting P. amazonum.
Pterocarpus amazonum (Mart.) Amsh. Med. Bot. Rijks

Herb. Utrecht 52: 56. 1939; 267. Phellocarpus amazonum Mart, ex
Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 2: 106. 1838.
Glabrous except the long (-1.5 dm.) spike-like racemes, these
finely rusty pubescent, the rachis, at least as to type, fleshy-inflated,
6-8 mm. in diameter; leaflets 7-9, oval or oblong-elliptic, obtusely
acuminate, 5-7.5 cm. long (probably often longer); pedicels about
4 mm. long, incurved spreading; lance-subulate-acuminate bracts
and subulate bractlets deciduous, the former scarcely shorter than
the silky pubescent calyx, this about 8 mm. long, the truncate
upper lip very shortly bifid corolla twice as long as the calyx, ochroleu-
;
cous; pods 5-10 cm. long, suberose, oblong-pyramidal, 5-winged

and 5 costate. The following collection is in flower and suggests
also P. santalinoides L'HeY. (P. amazonicus Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi
5: 402. 1909?) and is referred here with some doubt; the upper
stems are hollow and appear to be inflated but the rachi of the young
racemes are only slightly if at all enlarged the bracts are not promptly
;
caducous as in P. Ulei; the leaves are broadly ovate, the larger

11 cm. long, 7 cm. wide; a tree of 16 meters with trunk 1 meter
in circumference, the wood soft, the flowers yellow, the fruit brown
(not seen).
Loreto: Salinas trail, rising ground, Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke
304 (distr. as P. Rohrii}. Brazil. "Mututi."
Pterocarpus Rohrii Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 79. 1791; 267.
Leaflets rather to very lustrous, typically glabrous and densely

reticulate-veined both sides, 5-9, ovate or oblong, rounded at base,
acute or shortly acuminate, 5-8 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, or usually
some considerably smaller and longer racemes (as often the
branchlet tips and petioles) rusty tomentulose, mostly 3-8 cm. long,
sometimes much longer and branched bracts shorter than the flower
;
buds, about 2 mm. long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm. long; flowers yellow,
fragrant; calyx 7-10 mm. long, slightly incurved, twice exceeded
by the orbicular standard; ovary sessile, densely tomentose, 3-6-
ovuled, the suborbicular veiny pod to about 7 cm. wide, broadly
membranous wing-margined and with 1 seed. P. officinalis Jacq.
of northern South America and north has stiped ovary, glabrous
as also the inflorescence. P. santalinoides L'HeY., Amazonian and
African in distribution, has pods winged only on the outer side, the
bracts longer than the flower buds, the pedicels 2-4 mm. long. It
attains 30 meters (Krukoff), grows in secondary forest, not inundated
(Ducke). Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 92.
Loreto: Middle Ucayali, Tessmann 3204 (det. Harms). Rio
Acre: Rio Macauhan, on terra firma, Krukoff 5474- Brazil to
Guiana and Trinidad.
Pterocarpus rufescens Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl.

79. 1860.
Well marked by the long pedicels and the fine rusty puberulence
or pilosity that extends in some degree even to the mature pods,
only the upper surface of the leaflets glabrous; leaflets 7-9, elliptic-
oblong, membranous, reticulate-veined both sides, shortly acute or
acuminate, rounded at base, 5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide or larger; racemes
simple, lax, the pedicels about 8 cm. long, slightly longer than the
calyx; banner 15 mm. long; stamens monadelphous; ovary sessile,
tomentose; pods, except for the puberulence, similar to those of
P. Rohrii. P. violaceus Vog. of Bolivia and Brazil has similarly
elongate pedicels, but glabrous leaves, firm fruit- wings; in pubescence
the resemblance to P. Zehntneri Harms and P. villosus Mart.,
Brazilian species, is great but both have much shorter pedicels.
More puzzling are forms of P. Rohrii from Ecuador that approach
P. rufescens in pubescence but this finer, sparser, and the pedicels
are short; they probably represent another species rather than an
intermediate form. F.M. Neg. 21910.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4471, type. Venezuela.
Pterocarpus Ulei Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 171.

1907. P. ancylocalyx var. angustifolius Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
15, pt. 1:269. 1862.

Tree with the striking inflated rachis of P. amazonum but the
promptly caducous bracts and bractlets somewhat shorter, the
FLORA OF PERU 273
pedicels 1.5-2 (3) mm. long; leaflets 6-10 cm. long, 2.5-3 (5) cm.
wide; calyx 6-7 (10) mm. long; banner 15 mm. long; ovary oblong-
linear, densely sericeous, with 5-6 ovules; pods glabrous, sessile,
thinly attenuated only around the outer margin, nervose, obliquely
oval, 5 cm. long, 4 cm. broad. The crowded almost subsessile
flowers give this specimen an aspect very different from that of the
one referred in this work to P. amazonum. As Harms has remarked,
the taxonomic significance of the inflated rachi (inhabited by ants)
remains to be shown; Bentham, in Mart. Fl. Bras. I.e., treated P.
amazonum as a variety? (vel status monstruosus) of P. Rohrii.
The determinations except as noted are by Harms. According to
Ducke the Harms species is in fact P. amazonum; nevertheless he
uses the name of Harms! He follows Amshoff with some misgivings
in associating P. santalinoides L'HeY. with P. amazonicus Huber,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 402. 1909. Klug recorded the flowers as golden-
yellow; to 15 meters high, nearly 10 dm. around, good timber, fruit
black (Schunke); a short or tall tree (Williams). F.M. Negs. 2296;
6286; 28280.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2705 (det. Standl.).
Loreto: La Victoria, Williams 3100; 2821 .
Pebas, Williams 1853. Rio
Mazan, J. Schunke 190 (det. Killip). Vicinity of Iquitos, Tessmann
5540; Klug 1474; 1225. Brazil. "Mariabuena," "jaguar caspi."
17. VATAIREA Aubl.
Trees, usually more or less leafless in flower and fruit, with the
character and aspect of Pterocarpus but the calyx straight, shortly
and regularly 5-dentate, the heartwood yellow, with brown streaks.
Pods with a prominent transversely striate terminal wing formed
by the persisting style, or orbicular, corky and with a rudimentary
wing, the seeds solitary.
The segregation of Pterocarpus accords with that of Diplotropis
in calyx-character and in both cases the expediency may be ques-
tioned unless the character is supported by fruiting differences, which
does not appear to be the case. Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio
Jan. 5: 135, 1930, excludes (from Vatairea) Tipuana Benth., the calyx
subbilabiate, the vexillar stamen free, the wood white, and, I.e.
6: 35. 1933, proposes of necessity yet another name, Vataireopsis
Ducke (V. speciosa Ducke, I.e. 36,Amazonian) for a similar tree with
subbilabiate but incurved calyx, the stamens all united and scarcely
for one-fourth their length.
Vatairea fusca Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5: 192. 1930.
Tipuana fusca Ducke, I.e. 78. 1925.
Branchlets and inflorescence dark-brown- tomentose; leaf-rachis
distinctly grooved and margined bearing 13-17 shortly petiolulate
leaflets, the lateral oblong to oblong-elliptic, obtuse or acutish at
both ends, 3-7 cm. long, nearly 2 to 2.5 cm. broad, the terminal
obovate, acute at base, to 3 cm. broad, all minutely and sparsely
strigillose beneath, closely reticulate both sides; racemes terminal,
often more than 3 dm. long, floriferous above the middle, the velvety
calyces 5-7 mm. long on pedicels nearly as long; petals pale violet,
12-15 mm. long; ovary shortly stiped, ashy pubescent. Tree attain-
ing 30 meters, the inner wood yellow densely streaked with brown.
Rio Acre: On terra firma, mouth Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5465;
4342. Brazil.
18. MACHAERIUM Pers.
Drepanocarpus Mey.
Reference: Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 52-71. 1860.
Shrubs or trees or high-climbing lianas with oddly pinnate leaves,
the usually alternate leaflets estipulate, the stipules sometimes
spinescent. Flowers small or medium, purple, white or red, in short
often secundly flowered racemes fasciculated in the axils or crowded
in terminal panicles, the pedicels short or obsolete. Bracts small,
caducous, the bractlets more or less persisting beneath the com-
monly truncate shortly toothed calyx. Banner broad, unappendaged,
often silky pubescent without, the usually falcate wings oblong,
the keel incurved, the petals connate dorsally. Stamens various as
in Dalbergia but the anthers versatile, with longitudinally dehiscent
parallel cells. Ovary often stiped, characteristically 1-ovuled, the
filiform style incurved. Pods indehiscent, compressed, more or less
extended into a reticulate- veiny wing or merely margined or curved,
the solitary seed ovate, orbicular or reniform with inflexed radicle.
Ducke, Arch)/. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 151. 1922, and 5: pi. 11
(fruits), has shown the natural unity of Drepanocarpus with Machae-
rium, as had been indicated by Bentham; the genus in turn, in such
species as M. inundatum (Mart.) Ducke, merges with Dalbergia,
both groups furnishing the rosewood of commerce, and, except for
the convenience of following tradition, could be classified under one
group name since the anther dehiscence is equally variable in other
natural genera, as in Cassia, for instance.
FLORA OF PERU 275
Leaflets rounded apically or retuse, often mucronate, if a little

narrowed at tip, this obtuse or merely acutish, except M. longi-
stipitatum all or mostly narrower than 2 cm.
Leaflets about one-third as wide as long.
Leaflets 25-61; flowers except banner glabrous.
Leaflets 4-8 (10) mm. wide.
Leaflets mostly 2 cm. long or shorter, glabrate at least
beneath M. aculeatum.
Leaflets mostly 2.5 cm. long or somewhat longer, pilose
both sides M. longifolium.
Leaflets 11 (10) -15 mm. wide M. Bangii.
Leaflets 11-15 or fewer or if more (25) flowers densely hirsute.
Flowers 8-11 mm. long; leaflets rounded at base, minutely
puberulent.
Flowers except banner glabrous; leaflets 5-11. M. lunatum.
Flowers hirsute; leaflets 15-25 M. tortipes.
Flowers 6 mm. long; leaflets acute at base, densely appressed-

pilose beneath M. complanatum.
Leaflets nearly or quite half as broad as long, 11-23.
Leaflets small, retuse or aristate.
Leaflets retuse, minutely mucronulate M. Schunkei.
Leaflets prominently mucronate M. aristulalum.
Leaflets to several cm. long, rounded or barely acutish.
M. longistipitatum.
Leaflets obviously acuminate or acute, sometimes shortly except
M. (cf. M. longistipitatum, M. complanatum, leaflets
iquitosense
barely acutish); all or mostly wider than 2 cm. except M.
campylothyrsum.
Primary nerves prominent; flowers in long usually terminal
panicles, not secund.
Leaflets at least shortly acuminate.
Bractlets caducous or inconspicuous.
Leaflets broadly elliptic; pods 18-24 mm. wide at seed,
wings 2.5 cm. wide or wider M. floribundum.
Leaflets about oblong; pods 1 cm. wide at seed, wings to
2.5 cm. wide M. decorticans.
Bractlets nearly half as long as calyx, persisting.
M. cuspidatum.
Leaflets rounded at tip M. iquitosense.
Primary nerves obscure or anastomosing; flowers more or less
secund, the inflorescence if terminal or a panicle, short,

except M. Kegelii.
Bractlets caducous or inconspicuous.
Inflorescence terminal; leaflets 2-3 cm. wide, 9-13.
M. leiophyllum.
Inflorescence axillary in part or entirely and short if the
leaflets are only 2-3 cm. wide.
Inflorescence recurved, densely rusty tomentose.

M. campylothyrsum.
Inflorescence ascending or not recurved, glabrate to rusty
pilose.
Leaflets 13-17, 2-3 cm. wide M. amazonense.
Leaflets 5-7, often 4-5 cm. wide.
Pods glabrous at maturity; stamens monadelphous.
M. lanceolatum.
Pods sparsely pilose even at maturity; stamens dia-
delphous M. peruvianum.
Bractlets conspicuous, concealing the calyx M. Kegelii.
Machaerium aculeatum (DC.) Raddi, Mem. Soc. Moden. 18:

598. 1820; 19. Nissolia aculeatum DC. Prodr. 2: 258. 1825. M.
isadelphum (E. Mey.) Amsh. Med. Bot. Rijks Herb. Utrecht 52:
53. 1939. Drepanocarpus isadelphus E. Mey. Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-
Carol. 12: 807. 1824. M. angustifolium Vog. Linnaea 11: 193. 1837?
Short or small tree with stipules spinescent in age, the leaves
with many (-60) linear-oblong, glabrous or slightly pilose rather
firm leaflets, 10-15 mm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, rounded or retuse at
tip, their lateral nerves many and approximate; panicles terminal,
often on small branchlets, rusty pubescent; bractlets 1-2 mm. long
as also the pedicels, the 5-toothed calyx about twice as long, glabrous
or nearly; standard short, 8 mm. long, lightly pubescent without,
the keel strongly curved; stamens nearly isadelphous; ovary villous,
the style glabrous except at base, 3 mm. long; pod sparsely pilose
or glabrate, about 5 cm. long, 5 mm. wide at the seed, the thin
reticulate wing 8 mm. wide. Malme, Bihang Svensk. Vet. Akad.
Handl. 25, Afd. 3.no. 11: 18, maintained that it is easy to dis-
tinguish M. angustifolium by the fruit, the seed part of the pod
FLORA OF PERU 277
being densely ashy-pubescent, 7 mm. wide, wing to 12 mm., this

sparsely pubescent, rounded and mucronate apically, the mucro
dorsal-apical, while the fruit of M. aculeatum has seed portion
densely rusty-pubescent, strongly curved, 12 mm. wide, wing to
18 mm. wide, sparsely tomentose or puberulent, the apex rounded,
not all mucronate. According to Hoehne these characteristics are
inconsequential and I have not seen enough fruiting material to
express an opinion.
San Martin: Tarapoto, (Spruce 4556, det. Benth.). Tabalosus,
east of town, Belshaw 3368 (probably, no leaves). Loreto: Mishu-
yacu, Klug 1307 (det. Hoehne, M. longifolium). To Paraguay,
Panama and the Guianas.
Machaerium amazonense Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Est. S. Paulo n.

se>. 1: 46. pi. 56. 1939.
Vigorous unarmed liana, the younger branches appressed rusty -

pubescent; leaflets 13-17, mostly nearly opposite, oblong-elliptic,
rounded or slightly cordate at base, rather abruptly acuminate,
the tip itself obtuse or mucronulate, the middle ones 5-7 cm. long,
2-3 cm. wide, rather abundantly, as the rachis, rusty-pubescent
beneath; inflorescence axillary and terminal with recurving branches;
bracts caducous, the small orbicular bractlets appressed to calyx,
this campanula te, 4-5 mm. long, the triangular teeth scarcely acute;
banner 7-8 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, like the calyx and petals rusty-
pubescent; stamens diadelphous; ovary well stiped, pubescent, the
style glabrous. Cf. M. latifolium Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card.
6: 513. 1910. Illustrated, Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3: pi. 67.
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Kittip & Smith 27833. Brazil.
Machaerium aristulatum (Spruce) Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot.

Rio Jan. 4: 311. 1925. Drepanocarpus aristulatus Spruce ex Benth.
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 256. 1862.
Liana, the stipules indurating, becoming recurved spines; leaflets

11-15, oblong, rounded both ends, conspicuously aristate at tip,
mostly 4-5 cm. long, 10-18 mm. broad, coriaceous, glabrous and
lustrous above, early minutely puberulent beneath, the numerous
veins approximate and nearly parallel; panicles laxly branched,
ample, somewhat silky pubescent with ashy or fulvous trichomes;
flowers subsessile, 8-10 mm. long; bractlets elliptic-oblong; calyx
truncate, 5 mm. long; banner reflexing, 7 mm. long, ashy-sericeous
without, the strongly falcate wings less so; stamens monadelphous;
ovary stiped, villous. Illustrated, Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3 pi. 8. :
F.M. Neg. 6285.

Loreto: Iquitos, Ducke 7548 (det. Hoehne). Rio Itaya, Killip
& Smith 29544 (det. Killip). Brazil.
Machaerium Bangii Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 347.
1907.
Liana or probably at first a shrub, the younger branchlets, leaf
rachi and long inflorescences rusty-villous; stipules spinescent, some-
times 6 mm. long; leaflets 25-31, alternate, oblong, rounded at base,
emarginate, obscurely or not at all mucronulate, all except the lowest
3.5-4.5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, membranous, lightly subappressed
pilose both sides, the veins obscure; pedicels about 2 mm. long;
calyx 5 mm. long, nearly as broad, the short lobes obtuse, lightly
appressed pilose; flowers dark purple, the banner moderately seri-
ceous without, 9 mm. long, the petals glabrous; stamens equally dia-
delphous; ovary pilose, long-stiped. The stems become glabrous,
the bark reddish-brown and lustrous in the type. According to
Bang, the Indians sometimes used the leaves instead of Coca.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Vie 6357 (det. Harms). Bolivia.
Machaerium campylothyrsum Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Est. S.
Paulo, n. se>. 1: 47. pi. 57. 1939.
Apparently very similar to M. amazonense but with only 5-7

(or sometimes 9-15) leaflets, and with rusty or reddish tomentose
axillary strongly recurved panicles; leaflets 2-3 (4) cm. long, 1.5-2 cm.
broad, glabrous or nearly except for the midnerve; stamens mona-
delphous; ovary subsessile. The Peruvian collection is var. crebri-
foliolatum Hoehne, I.e., with more numerous (9-15) smaller leaflets.
It may prove to be the same as M. castaneiflorum Ducke, Archiv.
Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 2: 148. 1922. Illustrated, Hoehne, Fl. Bras.
25, pt. 3: pi 66.
Loreto: Iquitos, (Ducke). Brazil.
Machaerium complanatum Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg.

Rio Jan. 2: 46. 1935.
High climbing, the stem complanate, the younger branchlets

densely reddish-villous; stipules commonly fragile and caducous,
very rarely persisting as recurved spines; leaflets usually 11-15,
subsessile, oblong-subobovate, very variable in size, the larger
to 6 cm. long, to 2 cm. broad, often half as large, cuneately acute
FLORA OF PERU 279
at base, obtuse or acutish, subcoriaceous, glabrous, glaucescent

above, the secondary nerves impressed, the veinlets obscure, densely
lustrous rufescent beneath with a closely appressed pilosity; panicles
terminal and in the upper axils, closely reddish-villous, even to
1 meter long; bracts and bractlets caducous at anthesis; flowers
white, sessile or nearly, the calyx 1.5-2 mm. long, campanulate,
fulvous tomentose, minutely dentate; banner sericeous without,
6 mm. long, equaled by the wings; stamens monadelphous; ovary
stiped, yellowish hirsute. Hoehne, 42, reduces this to M. parviflorum
Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1 242. 1862, having seen a photo-
:
graph of the type; ex char, there is no doubt that Ducke's liana is

distinct from the shrub of Matto Grosso with 17-31 acute or obtusish
minutely puberulent leaflets, 12-18 mm. long, obtuse at base, and
glabrous flowers 4-5 mm. long. The type locality of M. complanatum
is Tabatinga, at the border of Peru in non-inundated woods. Illus-
trated, Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3: pi. 29 (as M. parviflorum).

Peru (no doubt). Brazil.
Machaerium cuspidatum Kuhlm. & Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Est.

S. Paulo, n. se"r. 1: 31. pi. 32. 1938.
Robust high-climbing liana, apparently unarmed; stipules promi-

nent, broadly ovate, striate; leaflets usually 5, broadly elliptic or
oblong-obovate, slightly narrowed to the rounded base, shortly and
abruptly acuminate, prominently nerved and reticulate-veined,
glabrous and lustrous above, grayish beneath with an almost micro-
scopic indument, 8-14 cm. long, 4.5-8 cm. wide, the petiolules 4-6
mm. long; panicles short, dense, the bractlets conspicuously persist-
ing; calyx nearly truncate, 4-5 mm. long, finely striate; flowers
sessile, 10-12 mm. long, the banner densely appressed, strigose;
stamens monadelphous; pods nearly oblong, only slightly broader
at base, densely sericeous tomentose, 8 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide (im-
mature). The Mexia specimen was distributed by Standley under
an unpublished name, this after the collector. Illustrated, Hoehne,
Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3: pi. 60.
Loreto: Overflowed river bank near Mazan, Mexia 6456. Mouth
of Rio Apaga, Tessmann 4891. Yurimaguas, (Kuhlmann 1431,
type).
Machaerium decorticans Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan.

2: 150. 1922; 44.
Similar to M. floribundum; leaflets 9-13, almost oblong, acute or

gradually acuminate, to 13 cm. long, 5 cm. broad, often smaller,
especially shorter, subcoriaceous; panicles sometimes 5 dm. long;

petals white with violet spots, the banner about 7 mm. long, more or
less ashy-sericeous; pods shortly stiped, 5-7 cm. long, nearly straight,
1 cm. broad below, the membranous wing scarcely 1.5 cm. broad.
The author himself, I.e. 4: 77. 1925, refers this plant toM floribundum
.
(which action Amshoff has followed), but Hoehne has indicated there
is at least an apparent difference in the pods; until sufficient material
accumulates to show the range of variation, therefore, it seems

wiser to retain Ducke's name. Possibly the variety of M. floribundum,
known only in flower, is the same as Hoehne suggests, but fruiting
material from the same locality must be had to determine this.
F.M. Neg. 18301.
Loreto: Iquitos, (Ducke 7499); Klug 2808 (fide Hoehne). Brazil.
Bolivia? Colombia?
Machaerium floribundum Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4:

Suppl. 68. 1860; 68.
Liana with spinescent stipules and 7-9 foliate leaves, the leaflets
broadly oblong-elliptic or often obovate, mostly 8-10 cm. long,
3.5-5 cm. wide, abruptly and shortly acuminate, subcoriaceous,
glabrous or minutely puberulent beneath where the parallel lateral
veins are prominent even to the margin; panicles ample, terminal,
many-flowered, the bracts caducous, the bractlets suborbicular, much
shorter than the calyx; pedicels obsolete or nearly; flowers (5.5)
8 mm. long, glabrous, the calyx rusty-red tomentose; stamens mona-
delphous; pods glabrous or nearly, to 10 cm. long, 18-24 mm. wide
at the seed, the wing at the middle 2.5-3 cm. wide, the stipe some-
times nearly 12 mm. long. Var. parviflorum Benth. has flowers
scarcely 6 mm. long, the leaflets to 16 cm. long, 7 cm. wide, charta-
ceous. Cf. M. decorticans Ducke. The type of M. floribundum is
Spruce, near Santarem the "M. macrophyllum Benth. not Mart."
and not Burchell as indicated by Hoehne. West 8006, with flowers
before leaves, reddish pilose, spinescent stipules 3-5 mm. long, leaf-
lets many, glabrous or scarcely pubescent beneath, 8.5 cm. long,
3.5 cm. wide, is apparently not clearly either M. floribundum or M .
Bangii, but probably should be included in the latter.

San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4544 (the var.); on trail to San
Antonio, Belshaw 3457?
Machaerium iquitosense Macbr., spec. nov.

Frutex scandens; stipulis indurato-spinescentibus 3 mm. longis;
ramulis glabris; foliolis 5-7 paullo obovatis vel rare oblongo-ellipticis
FLORA OF PERU 281
basi late cuneato-obtusis vel rotundatis, apice late rotundatis minu-

tissime apiculatishaud acutis ad 12 cm. longis, 6 cm. latis, coriaceis
baud nitidulis supra glabris, subtus minutissime puberulis dissite
penniveniis, venis parum
conspicuis; paniculis fasciculato-ramosis
circa 12 cm. longis breviter ferrugineo-pilosis; floribus albis subsessi-
libus vix 6 mm. longis, calycis fere 3 mm. longis laciniis rotundatis;
bracteolis orbiculatis vexillo sericeo; staminibus monadelphis.
Noted by the collector as a tree 2.5 meters high but certainly scan-
dent, at least the upper branches. It is apparently nearest M.
macrophyllum Mart, of Brazil with diadelphous stamens and more
closely nerved leaflets. In appearance it simulates DrepanocarpusC?)
ovalifolius Pittier, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 7: 149. 1941, the
description not at hand.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, King 479 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Machaerium Kegelii Meisn. Linnaea 21: 257. 1848.

Liana, the straight or arcuately deflexed more or less spinescent
stipules lanceolate, several to 12 mm. long, persisting; leaflets 9-15,
ovate or oblong-elliptic, abruptly acuminate, rounded at base, sub-
coriaceous, lustrous, finely reticulate-veined both sides, commonly
8-9 cm. long, about 4 cm. broad; panicles terminal, densely rusty-
tomentose, 2-3 dm. long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; bractlets at least
as long as the calyx, oval, obtuse, persisting; calyx about 9 mm.
long, the lower lanceolate tooth 3 mm. long; banner densely pilose
without, 10-12 mm. long; stamens monadelphous; pods about 7.5 cm.
long, incurved at the seed with reticulate membranous wing 1.5
cm. broad, puberulent-pilose or glabrate. The following collection
is referred by Hoehne in U. S. Nat. Herb, to M. floribundum Benth.
Rio Acre: Seringal San Francisco, Ule 9461 (det. Amshoff). To

the Guianas.
Machaerium lanceolatum (Veil.) Macbr., comb. nov. Nissolia

Flum. Icon. 7: pi. 87. 1827, text 297. 1825. M.
lanceolata Veil. Fl.
secundiflorum Mart. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 2: 100. 1838; 62.
Becoming a high-climbing liana, unarmed (according to Hoehne
the stipules sometimes persisting and aculeate), and completely
glabrous except for the finely ashy-puberulent axillary and terminal
panicles; leaflets 5-7, ovate or oblong, obtuse or shortly acuminate,
concolor, usually 6-10 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, rather conspicuously
reticulate-veined flowers sessile, many, 5-6 mm. long, very fragrant,
;
the banner sericeous, orbiculate, emarginate; calyx 2-3 mm. long,

the minute teeth obtuse; stamens monadelphous; ovary stipitate,

villous;pods glabrous, to 7 cm. long, ordinarily shorter, 6 mm.
broad at the black seed, above the middle 10-12 mm. broad, rounded
at tip. Following precedent, the Vellozo name, as in similar cases
identified by Bentham, is to be taken up for this variable species.
Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 73; Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25,
pt. 3: pi. 50.
Peru (possibly; cf. M. peruvianum). Brazil.
Machaerium leiophyllum (DC.) Benth. in Ann. Naturh.

Hofmus. Wien 2: 100. 1838. Nissolia leiophylla DC. Prodr. 2: 258.
1825.
Usually unarmed, or sometimes spinescent by the recurved, more

or less persisting stipules; branchlets lenticellate, a little viscid-
puberulent, the usually short but branched terminal (and upper
axillary) panicles densely bright brown pilose- tomentose; leaflets
7-9, often unequal, bright green, glabrous above, sparsely appressed
pilose beneath, subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-5
(8) cm. long, 1.5-2.5 (3) cm. wide; primary nerves about 14 each
side, obvious but not prominent; flowers subsessile, 8-9 mm. long;
banner sericeous; keel somewhat curved; stamens monadelphous;
ovary pubescent; pods ovate, 5-7 cm. long, 2 cm. wide at the seed,
attenuate into a coriaceous wing smaller than the seed portion.
Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 151. 1922, has pointed out
that this species particularly has a fruit transitional to the subgenus
Drepanocarpus. Illustrated, Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3: pi. J^6.
F.M. Neg. 6941.

Loreto: Florida, Klug 2225 (det. Hoehne). Colombia to the
Guianas. "Jeyisife-o" (Huitoto).
Machaerium longifolium Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4:

Suppl. 55. 1860; 235.
Diffuse or scandent, the branchlet tips, leaf rachi and to a less
extent the leaflets beneath as the inflorescence branches loosely
ashy-pilose; stipules 5-10 mm. long, broadly lanceolate becoming
indurate, spinescent; leaflets 23-35, oblong, obtuse or retuse, closely
lineate-veined, lightly pilose both sides, 2.5-3 cm. long, 5-8 mm.
wide; panicles defoliate in the axils, branches sometimes nearly
glabrous, pedicels 2-4 mm. long, bractlets orbicular, slightly striate,
glabrous, 2 mm.long; calyx 5-6 mm. long, the short teeth truncate
or very obtuse, the lower a little narrower and longer; banner reflexing,
FLORA OF PERU 283
sericeous without, purple-violet, the whitish wings and keel strongly

arcuate; stamens isadelphous; ovary long-stiped, falcate; pods
glabrous or sparsely pilose, 5 cm. long, intruded at the seed, the
wing oblong, 8-10 mm. broad at the middle, the stipe to 10 mm.
long, villous (immature). Description after Bentham, who noted
that the species differs from M. aculeatum chiefly in its longer, more
hairy and thinner leaflets and some other details which give it a
distinctive aspect; the description by Hoehne seems to be a mixture
since he includes several other proposed species. According to Ducke
it is a non-scandent plant forming impenetrable thickets.
Peru (possibly; cf. M. Schunkei; M. Bangii). Brazil; Colombia?
Machaerium longistipitatum Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Est. S.

Paulo, n. se>. 1: 48. pi. 59. 1939.
Unarmed tree, attaining about 8 meters, the younger parts yellow-

ish puberulent; leaflets 9-13, oblong-elliptic, rounded at both ends
or barely acutish, sometimes lightly emarginate, 3 cm. long or the
larger 5-7 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, always perfectly alternate
at maturity, glabrous; inflorescence axillary with simple or with
few elongating branches, these floriferous to about the middle;
pedicels 1 mm. long; calyx 3.5 mm. long, the teeth triangular, obtuse;
banner sericeous, 7-8 mm. long, the petals glabrous; stamens mona-
delphous; ovary stiped, hirsute-pilose; pods (immature) 5-6 cm. long,
about 1.5 cm. broad, lightly incurved at the seed, the stipe 15 mm.
long. M. Millei Standl. of Ecuador would be sought here; its
leaflets are pilose, its pods estipitate. Illustrated, Hoehne, Fl.
Bras. 25, pt. 3: pi. 101.
Peru (probably). Ecuador; Bolivia.
Machaerium lunatum (L. f.) Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio

Jan. 3: 151. 1922. Pterocarpus lunatus L. f. Suppl. 317. 1782.
Drepanocarpus lunatus Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 238. 1808.
Shrub or small tree, the branches straggling or scandent, the
younger as the axillary and terminal lax panicles more or less rusty-
pubescent; stipules indurate-spinescent, sometimes 6-8 mm. long;
leaflets 5-11,oblong or obovate, obtuse or retuse, the larger 2.5-3.5
cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, closely lineate- veined, glabrous in age;
flowers secund, 8-10 mm. long; bractlets orbiculate, caducous, half
as long as the glabrous or puberulent calyx, this 4 mm. long, its
teeth very short and broad; banner reflexing, sericeous or glabrate
without; stamens monadelphous; ovary stiped, glabrous or nearly;
pods so strongly lunate-falcate that they form a nearly complete

circle, 2.5-3.5 cm. broad, glabrous or minutely tomentulose, veiny.
The fruits are said to be a principal food of the "Hoatzin" or Cigana,
Opisthocomus hoazin (P. L. S. Miller), the well-known bird of the
Amazon and the Guianas. Illustrated, Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3:
pi 15.
Loreto: Mouth of Rio Catalina, Rio Ucayali, (Huber). Brazil

to Venezuela and the Guianas; West Indies; Central America;
tropical Africa. "Aturia."
M achaerium peruvianum Macbr., spec. nov.

Ut videtur inerme;foliolis 5, late ovato-ellipticis breviter acumi-
natis, 5-9 cm. longis, 3-4.5 cm. latis, utrinque paullo nitidulis
subcoriaceis, subtus minutissime sparseque puberulis vel glabris,
supra glabris; racemis folio brevioribus 6-10 cm. longis haud vel
paullo ramosis minute puberulis, calycis fere 2.5 mm. longis, sericeo-
pilosis, distincte dentatis, laciniis superioribus obtusis, infima acuta
et conspicue productiore; vexillo 6 mm. longo, leviter vel vix sericeo;
staminibus diadelphis; legumine ubique breviter piloso longiuscule
stipitato, 6-6.5 cm. longo, venoso ad semen mediocriter intruso
circa 1 cm. lato, ala 2 cm. lata. Pods not blackening in drying as
in typical M. lanceolatum with different calyces and monadelphous
stamens to which species the following material has been referred;
the much broader pods approach those of the varieties which have
more leaflets as does M. Salzmanni Benth. with still larger flowers
and pods. Mydescription of flowers noted by collector as "chestnut-
purple" is from the Ule specimen.
San Martin: Tarapoto, shrub, Williams 3441, type; Ule 6447
(probably).
Machaerium Schunkei Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 90. 1925.
Tree about 4 meters high, the branchlets glabrous, the stipules

finally indurate spinescent,about 9 mm. long; rachis and panicles
loosely rusty- villous; leaflets commonly 17-23, broadly elliptic-
oblong, mostly 2 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, rounded at base, obviously
retuse, sparsely subappressed pilose both sides, obscurely reticulate,
only the midnerve prominent; flowers pedicellate, the appressed
bractlets persisting; calyx about 5 mm. long, sub truncate except
for the obtuse lower tooth, glabrate at least in age; stamens diadel-
phous; pods glabrous, 6.5 cm. long, slightly contracted at the seed;
the chartaceous wing 1.5 cm. broad above the middle, the stipe 5-8
FLORA OF PERU 285
mm. long, villous. Included by Hoehne in M. longifolium, which

seems to me entirely different. The type was from a small tree
4 meters high, the trunk and branches sparsely spiny, the name
given for Carlos 0. Schunke, naturalist of La Merced.
Junin: Sandy valley floor, La Merced, 5432, type.
. _
Machaerium tortipes Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Est. S. Paulo,

n. se>. 1: 49. pi. 61. 1939.
A small tree, the younger branchlets shortly tomentose; stipules

caducous; leaflets nearly opposite, 15-25, oblong, rounded at both
ends or sometimes minutely emarginate and mucronulate at tip,
finely puberulent, 3.5-6 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, the petiolules
2 mm. long; panicles axillary and terminal, gracefully recurving,
tomentulose; pedicels more or less curved, 2-3 mm. long; lower
calyx tooth acute, the others obtuse; banner obovate, 8-9 mm. long,
pilose without as the petals; stamens diadelphous; ovary stipe
genuflexed; pods (immature) lightly intruded at the seed, shortly
pilose. Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3: pi. 98.
Illustrated,
Rio Acre: Cidade Rio Branco, Ducke 24198, type.
19. DALBERGIA L. f.
Trees or high-climbing lianas with alternate unequally pinnate

(rarely 1-foliate)leaves, the leaflets mostly alternate, estipellate
and with small often numerous purple or white flowers borne in
axillary or terminal dichotomous cymes or irregularly developed
racemes or panicles. Stipules small, often deciduous. Bracts as
usually the bractlets minute, subpersisting. Upper calyx teeth
broader, the lower often longer. Banner ovate or orbicular, the wings
oblong, the other keel petals dorsally connate at tip. Stamens all
connate and the sheath cleft above or the vexillar free or lacking,
or the sheath cleft into two parts. Anthers usually dehiscent
apically, didymous, their cells placed back to back, or if longitudinally
dehiscent, usually spreading at base. Ovary stiped, few-ovuled, the
short incurved style with small terminal stigma. Pods samaroid,
orbicular, oblong or linear, plane, indehiscent, 1-seeded or remotely
seeded, not margined or winged. Seeds reniform, plano-convex.
Name honors the Swedish botanist Dalberg.
One or more species of Dalbergia furnish the tulipwood, rose-
wood or kingwood of commerce, the last said to be from D. cearensis
Ducke, a Brazilian species similar to D. frutescens but arborescent.
The "gacuranda" at base of the lower Amazon is, according to

Ducke, D. Spruceana Benth. It may attain 40 meters and among
known Peruvian species most suggests D. iquitosensis but its larger
flowers are borne in simple terminal panicles and its leaflets are
glabrous or nearly. According to Allemao the greater part of the
rosewood is from D. nigra (Allem.) Benth., a purely Brazilian species;
cf. also Machaerium.
Leaflets small to medium, few if any 3 cm. wide, or rarely some

wider.
Leaflets many (29-35), 3-5 mm. wide D. inundata.
Leaflets few to 17, 5-15 mm. wide or wider.
Flowers cymose, the cymes often panicled and terminal.
Leaflets mostly 7-15 mm. wide D. iquitosensis.
Leaflets mostly 2-3 (4) cm. wide.
Leaflets obtuse or acutish D. frutescens.
Leaflets acute or acuminate D. riparia.
Flowers subracemose, axillary.
Leaflets 5-9, 2.5 to several cm. long D. subcymosa.
Leaflets 11-15, rarely 2.5 cm. long D. debilis.
Leaflets regularly at least 3 cm. wide, rarely solitary (cf. D. riparia).
Leaves appressed silvery pubescent beneath, even in age.
D. hypargyrea.
Leaves glabrous or minutely pubescent beneath.
Pods thin, flat or little concave, glabrous; leaflets often broad.
D. Monetaria.
Pods thick, concave, tomentose; leaflets oblong or ovate.
D. Riedeli.
Dalbergia debilis Macbr., spec. nov.
Arbuscula, ramulis junioribus tenuibus dense brunneo-villosis;

foliorum rhachis cum petiolo villosula 3-6 cm. longa, foliolis 11-15
anguste ovato-lanceolatis, sensim acuminatis, mucronulatis, plerum-
que 2-2.5 cm. longis, 6-7 mm. latis, supra minute sparseque pilosis,
mox glabris, subtus adpresse pilosis; nervo medio paullo lateralibus
haud prominulis; racemis axillaribus folio multo brevioribus plus
minusve ramosis dense secundifloris subadpresse hirsuto-villosis;
pedicelis 0.5 mm. longis; floribus 4 mm. longis; calycis laciniis
omnibus ovatis vix inaequalibus, inferioribus subacutis; vexillum
glabrum; staminibus 10 diadelphis; legumen ignotum.
FLORA OF PERU 287
In the one flower examined the two stamen groups are equal.
The species seems to be distinct in character of leaves from all of
those with diadelphous stamens; in vegetative characters it resembles
D. ferrugineo-tomentosa Hoehne and D. subcymosa; the former has
different pubescence, the latter fewer and larger leaves; cf. also D.
oxyphylla Harms ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2 49. 1898, of Bolivia.
:
Loreto: Shrub, 2 meters, flowers white, Florida, Klug 2286, type.
Dalbergia frutescens (Veil.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 16:

324. 1889. D. variabilis Vog. Linnaea 11: 196. 1837; 219. Ptero-
carpus frutescens Veil. Fl. Flum. Icon. 7: pi. 96. 1827, text 302. 1825.
Glabrate or the leaves beneath and the often ample dichotomously
branched cymes minutely pubescent; leaflets 5-13, ovate-oblong or
acutish, finally subcoriaceous, veiny and lustrous above, paler
beneath, 3.5 to 8 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide; cymes shorter than the
leaves or longer and paniculate above, the flowers very many,
crowded (3 mm. long), subdioecious, subsessile; calyx teeth obtuse;
stamens monadelphous; banner bilobed; pod stipe 4-8 mm. long,
longer than the calyx, the pod 3-6 cm. long, 10-22 mm. wide,
glabrous or glaucous-puberulent, beautifully reticulated and firm
at the middle about the seed. Vine or exceptionally small tree,
the flowering branchlets more or less scandent.
San Martin: Chazuta, Klug 3996. Juanjui, Klug 4286. Moyo-
bamba, Klug 3579 (all lianas). Tarapoto, Spruce 4517. Loreto:
Mishuyacu, 6-meter tree in clearing, Klug 1007 (det. Harms).
Mouth of Santiago, vine climbing high tree, Mexia 6375 (det.
Standl.). Balsapuerto, Klug 2935 (det. Standl.). Rio Acre: (fide
Ducke). Brazil; Bolivia.
Dalbergia hypargyrea Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:

973. 1926.
Vigorous liana, the younger branchlets puberulent; leaves 6-12

cm. long with 3-7 often alternate petiolulate leaflets (petiolules 4-7
mm. long); leaflets elliptic-obovate, rounded at base, shortly acu-
minate, chartaceous, glabrous above, closely and finely appressed
sericeous beneath, mostly 6-13 cm. long, 3-7.5 cm. broad, with
7-11 subparallel lateral nerves prominent especially beneath;
panicles much branched, more or less appressed velutinous, often
1.5 dm. long or longer; flowers small, sessile or subsessile; bractlets
broadly obovate; calyx minute, acutely denticulate, about 3 mm.
long; banner slightly pilose without, nearly 5 mm. long, all the petals
clawed; stamens 10, all connate; ovary and long stipe appressed
hirsutulous, the young pods brownish velvety. Leaves suggest
those of Cornus; extremely thick liana, 25 meters high, the faintly
scented flowers with olive green calyx, brown pubescent, the petals
bright yellowish green except for the carmine-streaked banner.
Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3, fasc. 4: 19, reduces this species to
D. Lindeniana (Benth.) Hoehne, a Venezuelan plant with entirely
different pubescence and inflorescence; indeed it appears from F.M.
Neg. 3297 that Bentham's species is a Machaerium as originally
described. F.M. Neg. 2267.
Loreto: Mouth of the Santiago, flood-free wood, Tessmann 4549,
type; 4705.
Dalbergia inundata Spruce ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,
pt. 1: 27. 1862.
Becoming a small tree (or sometimes the branches scandent)

distinctive among the Peruvian species by the numerous leaflets,
these commonly 29-35, oblong, obtuse, the younger as the short
racemes more or less villous with silky yellow trichomes, the mature
glabrate, green above, pale beneath usually 12-16 mm. long, 4-6 mm.
broad, oblique at base, rounded, but minutely mucronulate at tip;
racemes 1 or several to 5 cm. long, the narrow bracts to 3 mm.
long, shortly exceeded by the pedicels; calyx 4 mm. long, deeply
bilabiate, all the segments acute; banner ovate; stamens 10, the
vexillar (and sometimes the carinal) free; ovary shortly stiped,
glabrous with usually 4 ovules; pods more or less falcate-subreni-
form, about 2 cm. long, half as broad. Drepanocarpus paludicola
Standl., Trop. Woods 35, is probably this plant. Flowers purplish.
Illustrated, I.e. pi. 61; Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3, fasc. 4: pi. 9.
Loreto:Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 525 (det. Harms). Iquitos,

Williams 1504; Tessmann 3641 (det. Harms with query). Brazil.
"Jacaranda," "tucunari," "meradiu."
Dalbergia iquitosensis Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:

974. 1926.
Scandent, the younger branchlets laxly villous; leaves 5-9 cm.

long with 9-15 subsessile oblong leaflets obliquely subcordate or
rounded at base, barely acute or obtusish, often mucronulate, soon
glabrous above, laxly and finely pilose beneath especially on the
rather prominent midnerve and lateral veins, firm-chartaceous, 1.5-
3.5 cm. long, 7-15 mm. wide; cymes dichotomous, thyrsoid, densely
FLORA OF PERU 289
flowered, lightly villous, with the peduncles 4-5 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm.
broad; flowers small, on pedicels 1-2 mm. long; bractlets minute,
oblong, obtuse, shorter than the calyx, this pilose, the connate upper
teeth emarginate, the lateral broadly lanceolate, acute, the lowest
longer, acute, nearly 3 mm. long; banner oblong, 4 mm. long;
stamens 9 or 10, all connate; ovary definitely stiped, hirsute villous,
with 1-2 ovules. Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3, fasc. 4: 12. 1941,
suggested that this plant is the same as D. Glaziovii Harms; that
Brazilian species however is a tree with a dense rusty tomentosity
on the younger parts, the leaflets 9-25, ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous.
Rather D. iquitosensis seems to be allied to D. acuta Benth. as in-
dicated by Harms; resembles also D. frutescens but at least until
it
more material is available may be regarded as distinct. Liana 3

meters high, calyx bright green, the corolla bright orange, bright
yellowish at base (Tessmann). F.M. Neg. 2268.
Loreto: Flood-free areas, Iquitos, Tessmann 5052, type.
Dalbergia Monetaria L. f. Suppl. 317. 1781. D. volubilis (L.)

Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. 16: 136. 1919. Securidaca volubilis L. Sp.
PI. 707. 1753, in small part; cf. Oort, Med. Bot. Rijks Herb. Utrecht
71: 678. 1940. Ecastaphyllum Monetaria (L. f.) Pers. Syn. 2: 277.
1807; 228.
Smooth or nearly smooth liana, the short branchlets sometimes
cirrose, the many leaves with 3-5 (rarely only 1), ovate shortly acumi-
nate leaflets, broadly rounded at base, these soon coriaceous, lustrous
especially above, veiny, glabrous or lightly pubescent beneath, usually
5-8 cm. long, 4-6 cm. broad; racemes short, paniculately crowded
in the leaf axils or at the nodes of leafless branches, usually only 2-3
cm. long, more or less pilose; petals 2-3 mm. long, about as long as
the calyx; stamens usually 9; ovary glabrous, long-stiped; pods
usually 2.5 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, typically orbicular, some-
times oblong or subreniform, 1-seeded. Typically found in inun-
dated areas (Ducke).
The variety hygrophila (Mart.) Macbr., comb, nov., Ecasta-
phyllum hygrophilum Mart, ex Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien
2: 93. 1838; Hecastophyllum Monetaria (L. f.) Pers. var. hygrophilum
(Mart.) Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 229. 1862, differs in its
shorter and broadly oblong, 2.5 cm. long, 16-18 mm. broad, some-
times subreniform pod, and has been found according to Hoehne
near the Peruvian boundary. A specimen by Klug, 2015, Rio Putu-
mayo, Loreto, has been referred by Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3, fasc.
4: 22, to "D. nitida (Radlk.) Ducke," a name for which Hoehne gives
no reference and which I have not found. The distinguishing feature,
if any, seems to be the silky pilosity of the young leaves (leaflets 5)
the mature appressed puberulent beneath, to 14 cm. long, 8 cm. wide.

Apparently this form is E. nitidum Mart, ex Benth., Ann. Naturh.
Hofmus. Wien 2: 93. 1838, and may become D. Monetaria var. nitida
(Mart.) Macbr., comb. nov. Probably a form to be included is D.
Riedeli (Radlk.) Sandw. D. Ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. may be the
earlier name for this species sens, lat., but it is typically a coastal
plant, the leaves always 1-foliate. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt.
1: pis. 63-64; also Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3: pis. 17-20 (including
vars.).
Loreto: Iquitos, (Ducke 14311}; (Killip & Smith 29048} Florida,
;
King 2015; 2251. Rio Acre: Ule 9466. To eastern Brazil, Trinidad
and Santo Domingo. "Gochano" (Huitoto).
Dalbergia Riedeli (Radlk.) Sandw. Kew Bull. 358. 1931.

Ecastaphyllum Riedeli Radlk. in Koepff, Anat. Char. Dalb. 41.
1892.
Liana; leaflets oblong or sometimes ovate, acutely acuminate,

mostly 7-9 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, glabrous, lustrous, drying green-
ish brown above, paler and rusty tomentulose beneath, or at maturity
merely puberulent; stamens 9, one free, the remaining equally diadel-
phous; pods suborbicular, thick and deeply concave, about 3 cm.
wide, densely appressed silky-pilose. The type is Spruce 1546 in
flower, not seen by me; it was included by Bentham in hisE". Mone-
taria var. Riedeli; cf. note under D. Monetaria. My
description of
the pods is from Smith 2864 (Br. Guiana) referred here by Sandwith
himself; this matches well enough the Peruvian plant but it has
more ovate leaves. Amshoff, Med. Bot. Rijks Herb. Utrecht 52:
52. 1939, included here D. enneandra Hoehne (D. pachycarpa Ducke)
but the pods of that species while thick are not at all concave, at
least as to cotype specimens of Ducke' s plant.
San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, King 2739 (D. Monetaria,
fide Hoehne). Brazil to the Guianas.
Dalbergia riparia (Mart.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4:

Suppl. 31. 1860. Triptolemea riparia Mart. Flora 20: Beibl. 2: 122.
1837.
Similar to D.frutescens but the leaflets 5-9, usually (when mature)
somewhat larger (3-4 cm. broad) and more or less acuminate;
FLORA OF PERU 291
more numerous; pods subsessile or shortly stiped.

flowers often
Upper branches apparently becoming scandent. Illustrated, Mart.
Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 59; Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 3: pi. 2.
Peru (fide Ducke). Brazil.
Dalbergia subcymosa Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3:

144. 1922. Ecastaphyllum pubescens DC. Prodr. 2: 421. 1825, not
D. pubescens Hook, f., 1849.
Rather similar to D. Monetaria in inflorescence but the stipules
often subpersisting, 5-10 mm. long, the leaflets 5-9, lanceolate,
usually less than 2 cm. wide, (2) 4-5 (8) cm. long, sharply acute;
bracts and bractlets well persisting; petals white, long-clawed, 5-7
mm. long; stamens 9; ovary long-stiped, glabrous unless ciliate.
In non-flooded areas (Ducke). F.M. Negs. 2272; 6992 (E. pubescens}.
Loreto: Near Iquitos, Klug 1300 (det. Hoehne); 1365. Brazil.
20. DOLICHOS L.
Rather coarse, perennial vine with the character of Phaseolus,

but with the keel curved at a right angle, in this respect suggesting
Vigna. Flowers clustered on tubercle-like nodes in a long or some-
times short raceme, the peduncles elongate and bearing one leaf.
Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate. Calyx campanulate, shortly 4-lobed.
Banner conspicuously calloused between the center and the base,
the callus 4-lobed forming a small auricle on each side of the standard.
Uppermost stamen free, the remaining united, the anthers uniform.
Style flattened toward the tip where hairy along the upper edge
below the stigma. Pod flattened, broadly oblong, slightly recurving
at maturity, 2-4-seeded, the seeds partially separated.
Dolichos Lablab L. Sp. PI. 725. 1753.
Leaflets ovate, deltoid, more or less pilose, the lateral somewhat

unsymmetrical, commonly 7 cm. long, about as wide in the vicinity
of the broad nearly truncate base; racemes lax, the bractlets 4 mm.
long, caducous, the calyx 6-8 mm. long, densely pubescent on the
margin between the lobes, the flowers white or purple, with banner
wider than long, the length rarely 15 mm. long; pods reflexed along
the margins, at maturity smooth or nearly, 4-8 cm. long, about 2 cm.
broad, the seeds white or reddish tinged, sometimes dark purple or
black.
Cultivated in the tropics, the seeds of the lablab sometimes used
as a substitute for beans, although somewhat bitter; "the slaves on
the plantations consume them in quantities and remove the bitter-

ness by leaving them in hot water over night" (Ruiz & Pavon).
-
Cajamarca: Cascas, Raimondi. Huanuco: Cultivated or spon-

taneous, near Huanuco, 2323. Cuzco: Machu-picchu, 2,400 meters,
Herrera 1980. Africa. "Plantigras," "cencapuspu," "frejol de
Antibo."
21. VIGNA Savi.
Nearly Phaseolus but the keel not coiled but strongly bent
inwards. The bracts and bractlets are small, deciduous, the calyx-
tube short, the style bearded longitudinally within, the pods not
septate. The species included here approach Pachyrrhizus on one
side and Phaseolus on the other and indeed their separation from the
latter is merely academic. One species is sometimes erect.
Besides the following a specimen by Klug from Iquitos probably

distinctbut in fruit should be mentioned; the stems are hirsute,
leaflets oblong-lanceolate, stipules narrow, distinctly produced, pods
villous, 3.5 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, seeds black, strophiolate.
Stipules conspicuously produced at base V. unguiculata.

Stipules not produced.
Calyx apparently only 4-toothed keel not spurred
;
V. luteola.
Calyx 5-toothed; keel spurred on one side V. vexillata.
Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 194.
pi 50. 1859. Dolichos luteolus Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 1 399, pi 90. 1770.
:
D. repens L. Syst. ed. 10. 1163. 1759. V. repens (L.) Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. PL 3, pt. 2: 74. 1898, fide Amshoff, not Baker, 1876. V. brachy-
stachys Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 86. 1844, at least as to Peruvian
specimens.
Herbaceous vine, twining or when no support as shrubs available,
prostrate; flowers yellow and almost capitately crowded at the tips
of the usually greatly elongated peduncles, these slender and as the
much shorter petioles more or less conspicuously pilose with spread-
ing yellowish trichomes or sometimes glabrate; leaflets ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate or rarely obtusish, rounded or broadly cuneate at
base, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, commonly 4 cm. long, 2.5-4
cm. wide; pedicels 2 mm. long; calyces campanula te, 4-5 mm. long,
the three lower acute teeth shorter than the tube; banner to 17
mm. long, 2 cm. wide, bicalloused basally, the semiorbicular keel
FLORA OF PERU 293
obtuse but slightly beaked; pods linear, more or less pubescent or

loosely pilose, 4-7 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, with 8-12 black lustrous
seeds, the oblong hilum white. The widely distributed V. marina
(Burm.) Merrill has leaves rounded at apex, flowers on pedicels 3 mm.
long, grayish-brown seeds.
Cajamarca: Near Socota, Prov. Cutervo, 2,800 meters, Stork &

Horton 10112. Lima: Callao, (Wilkes Exped., det. Gray as V.
brachystachys). Near Lima, obnoxious weed, 60. Chosica, 538.
Ancon, Mexia 8102. Ayacucho: Huanta, Raimondi. Huanuco:
Near Huanuco, 3224- Libertad: Pacasmayo, Raimondi; Rose.
Chicama Valley, Smyth 13. San Martin: Chazuta, King 4087.
Loreto: Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6171. Near Iquitos, Williams
1361; 3537. Cosmopolitan in warm regions.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 1 :779. 1842. Dolichos

unguiculata L. Sp. PI. 725. 1753. V. Catjang Walp. Linnaea 13: 533.
1839. D. sinensis L. Cent. PL 2: 28. 1756. V. sinensis Endl. ex
Hassk. PI. Jav. Rar. 186. 1848.
Glabrous herbaceous vine or sometimes erect with large ovate or
lanceolate, obtuse or acutish stipules that are conspicuously produced
at base; leaflets rhomboid and strongly oblique, especially the
lateral, at base; peduncles long, bearing apically and closely a few
large pink, purple or yellow flowers; calyces 6-8 mm. long, the
3 lower teeth acuminate, the upper broad, bidentate; banner 1.5-2
cm. long, the keel obtuse; pods linear, slightly compressed, glabrous,
to 1 cm. broad, 1-several dm. long. Naturalized and widely cul-
tivated in warm regions for food or forage as "cow pea" or "catjang."
Junin: Trailing on sandy stream bank, flowers yellow, La Merced,
55-40. Ayacucho: Rio Apurimac, Killip &
Smith 22850. San
Martin: Near Tarapoto in clearing, Williams 6865. Loreto: Rio
Nanay, Williams 813. Native to tropical Asia. "Chiclayo,"
"catjang."
Vigna vexillata (L.) Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 10: 191. 1845.
Phaseolus vexillata L. Sp. PI. 724. 1753.
With many of the characteristics of V. luteola but commonly
coarser, the stems often conspicuously pilose, the leaflets usually
more elongate lanceolate, 5-13 cm. long, 1.5-3 (5) cm. wide, pubes-
cent; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx 1 cm. long, pilose, the acuminate
teeth 5, the 3 lower about as long as the tube; banner 2-2.5 cm.
long, the keel obtuse; pods linear, pilose, 7-10 cm. long, 5 mm.
broad, the blue or black lustrous seeds with oblong white hilum.
Flowers yellow marked with purple or lilac and violet to pinkish
blue. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 50.
Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23779. Loreto: Rio Parana-

pura, Klug 3957. San Isidro, Tessmann 4965. Widely distributed
in warm regions, both hemispheres.
22. PACHYRRHIZUS Rich.
High-climbing herbs resembling Phaseolus but with caducous,

small, setaceous bracts and bractlets and, especially, the keel straight,
merely incurved, the style subinvolute and complanate apically,
introrsely pilose, the globose stigma lateral. Pods linear, transversely
depressed by the separation of the seeds within.
The fleshy tuber yields a superior edible starch; the plant is the
"yam-bean" of the English; cf. Cook & Collins, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 8: 208. 1903.
Pachyrrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng. Syst. 281. 1827. Doli-

chos tuberosusLam. Encycl. 2: 296. 1786.
Vigorous climber from a large tuberous root that supplies useful
food because of its high starch content; leaflets rhomboid, entire
but slightly angled, the lateral strongly oblique; flowers in. clusters
of 2 or 3, generally crowded along the upper half of the very long
raceme-like inflorescence; calyx about 1 cm. long, appressed rusty
pilose; flowers white or yellow, 1.5 to nearly 2 cm. long, the basal
auricles of the standard directed upwards; pods to 2 dm. long,
scarcely 2 cm. broad, with triangular beak to 3 mm. long, the large
seeds usually red. P. erosus (L.) Urban (P. angulatus Rich.) seems
scarcely to differ, but the leaflets are supposed to be more angular,
the flowers always violet, the pods about half as large.
Piura: Weberbauer 6416. San Martin: Moyobamba, Raimondi.
Loreto: Florida, cultivated in clearing, Klug 225. Near Iquitos,
Tessmann. Tropical regions. "Habillo del monte," "gose-o-"
(Huitoto), "yaspo" (Huitoto), "wuiso," "ajipa."
23. PHASEOLUS L.
Reference: Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 673-701. 1926.

Twining, rarely woody at base or erect, with pinnately 3-foliolate,
reduced to one), and with persist-
stipellate leaves (the leaflets rarely
ing, striate stipules. Flowers white or variously colored, fasciculately
FLORA OF PERU 295
racemose above the middle of axillary peduncles, these more or less

nodose. Bracts usually caducous, the often broader bractlets some-
times persisting. Upper calyx teeth connate or free. Banner
orbicular or obovate, rarely contorted, equaled or exceeded by the
obovate or rarely oblong wings, these adhering to the long, obtuse
spiraled beaked keel, or the spiral sometimes incomplete. Vexillar
stamen free, often enlarged or appendaged above the base, anthers
uniform. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled, the style enlarged, usually
longitudinally bearded below the tip, the stigma lateral or oblique.
Pod linear or oblong, straight or falcate, compressed or subterete.
Besides the above paper, I acknowledge my indebtedness to Hassler,
"Revision of the South American Phaseoli," Candollea 1. 1923.
Unfortunately neither treatment is complete.
The well-known "lima bean" is P. lunatus; the commonly cul-
tivated bean or "kidney bean" is P. vulgaris, both described below;
the former in Peru is "los pallares," others being known by the
collective names "purutu" or "poroto" (Herrera).
Phaseolus stipularis Lam. Encycl. 3 74. 1789, has not been placed
:
;
according to description the stem is erect, simple, glabrous, angular,

attaining about 1 dm.; leaflets oval, very obtuse, the terminal
especially sinuately trilobed, peduncles axillary, much longer than
the leaves, bearing at tip congested, sessile flowers with brown
banner, the two wings yellow, the keel whitish and coiled; pods
cylindrical, about 4 cm. long, nearly glabrous, borne horizontally.
The stipules especially at the tip are large, oval, and resemble those
of Dolichos trilobus, illustrated in the Fl. Indica of Burman. This
bean grows naturally in Peru, and is cultivated in the Jardin du Roi,
the seeds sent by Dombey. Character, in part, suggests Vigna.
Banner contorted, large; keel many times coiled; racemes strongly

nodose P. Caracalla.
Banner not contorted.
Keel loosely coiled, forming at most one spiral; flowers large un-
less in P. peduncularis (10-17 mm. long).
Flowers large, 2.5-4 cm. long.

Calyx about 10 mm. long; leaves densely pilose especially
beneath P. megatylus.
Calyx 3-6 mm. long; leaves often glabrous above.
Calyx campanulate, as long as broad, the lower teeth more

or less developed P. appendiculatus.
Calyx shallowly cupulate, broader than long, nearly trun-

cate P. latidenticulatus.
Flowers small, rarely more than 12 mm. long P. peduncularis.
. .
Keel tightly or closely coiled, even if forming only one spiral;

flowers small except P. polytylus, P. adenanthus, P. linearis.
Pedicels well developed at full anthesis, about as long or longer
than the calyces; calyx- tube longer than the teeth.
Banner usually more or less pubescent; pods lunate, few-
seeded P. lunatus.
Banner glabrous or essentially at least by anthesis; pods many-
seeded.
Bracts and bractlets minute, 1-2 mm. long ... P. revolutus.
Bracts or bractlets conspicuous.
Bractlets broad, about equaling the calyx; flowers few,
the racemes short P. vulgaris.
Bracts or bractlets narrow; flowers many, the racemes
elongate.
Bracts 5-8 mm. long; calyces 3-4 mm. long P. Augusti..
Bracts 10-14 mm. long; calyces 6-7 mm. long.

P. pachyrrhizoides.
Pedicels obsolete or much shorter than the calyces; calyx- tube
often equaled by at least the lower teeth.
Flowers to 2.5 cm. long or longer.
Racemes strongly nodose; calyx broadly lobed.
P. polytylus.
Racemes shortly nodose; calyx subulately lobed.
Lower calyx teeth about as long as tube P. adenanthus.
. .
Lower calyx teeth twice as long as tube .... P. linearis.

Flowers to about 12 mm. long.
Flowers usually purple, not yellow; stipules rarely produced;
peduncles naked or fasciculate-bracted at or above
base.
Plants pubescent, prostrate or twining; stipules to 7 mm.
long.
Stem pubescence usually appressed or short and dense;
calyx teeth often shorter than the subtubular tube.
Peduncles with a fascicle of conspicuous bracts near
or above base P. erythroloma.
FLORA OF PERU 297
Peduncles naked or the bracts obscure, basal.

Calyx as leaves green, the pubescence fine, sparse.
P. longipedunculatus.
Calyx as leaves densely pubescent.
P. atropurpureus.
Stem pubescence spreading, long; calyx campanulate,
the lower teeth as long as the tube P. fraternus.
. .
Plants glabrate, erect or only the tips twining, stipules

to 1 cm. long P. lathyroides.
Flowers yellow; stipules shortly produced or adnate;
peduncles naked.
Lower calyx teeth about as long as tube; stems pubescent.
P. pilosus.
Calyx teeth all shorter than tube; stems glabrate.
P. campestris.
Phaseolus adenanthus G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq.

239. 1818; 700. P. truxillensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 451.
1824. P. adenanthus var. caeduorum (Mart.) Hass. Candollea 1:
442. 1923.
Glabrous to puberulent or villous perennial, with usually ovate
acute leaflets, rounded or broadly cuneate at base; peduncles often
longer than the petioles; calyces subsessile, the upper tooth broad,
truncate, the falcate, lateral ones and the lower narrow and acute,
subequaling the tube; bracts minute, the bractlets oblong, acumi-
nate, shorter than or subequaling the calyx; flowers showy, variously
colored, the banner often yellowish, about 2 cm. long; wings obovate,
to 3 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, the keel twice spiraled; pods linear,
7-10 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad.
falcate, appressed pubescent,
Variable in leaflet form and pubescence; extreme variants include
var. latifolius (Benth.) Hassler, I.e. 443, the pubescence dense, rather
tomentose and var. radicans (Benth.) Hassler, I.e., the creeping
stems rooting at each node, the leaflets and flowers smaller.
Cajamarca: Nanchoc, (Raimondi). Lima: Callao, Gaudichaud
129; Pavdn. Lurin, Ruiz & Pavdn (det. Harms). Above Pisco,
Weberbauer 5363 (det. Ulbr.). Cuzco: Near Quillabamba, Prov.
Convencion, Mexia 8030; 8032 (det. Killip). Valle de Santa Ana,
900 meters, (Hen era}. lea: Rio de Pisco, Weberbauer 5363.
Truxillo, Bonpland (type, P. truxillensis}. Lambayeque: (Rai-
mondi). Libertad: Chicama, (Raimondi).
Phaseolus appendiculatus Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.

Wien 2: 137. 1840; 675.
Glabrous (fide Bentham) but the Peruvian specimens distinctly
pilose on the leaves beneath and somewhat so on the branches and

calyces; leaflets mostly broadly ovate, acuminate, obliquely truncate
or shortly cuneate at base; nodose peduncle often longer than the
petiole, few-flowered, the campanulate calyces with 4 rather broad,
very obtuse or acutish teeth, the upper typically 6-8 mm. long;
banner little contorted, about 2.5 cm. long, exceeded by the oblique
obovate wings, the keel scarcely spiraled or approximately bi-
spiraled; pods linear, straight, acuminate, 6 mm. broad, 8-12 cm. long.
Lima: Climbing on cacti or boulders, Matucana, 272 (det. Piper).
Junin: Sandy flat, La Merced, 5317 (det. Piper). Puerto Yessup,
Killip & Smith 26295. Apurimac: Below Pajonal, 1,850 meters,
West 3677 (det. Johnst., P. adenanthus but keel not spiraled; cf.
P. megatylus). Central America to Patagonia and Venezuela.
"Flor de corpus," "chi-chi-saka" (West).
Phaseolus atropurpureus DC. Prodr. 2: 395. 1825; 680.

P. Hook. Bot. Misc. 2: 213. 1831. P. atropurpureus
vestitus var.
pseuderythroloma Hassler, Candollea 1: 457. 1923; var. canescens
(Mart. & Gal.) Hassler, I.e.
Sprawling or climbing and more or less canescent with subap-
pressed or short and spreading villous pubescence, this frequently
somewhat fulvous on the growing parts including the calyces;
petioles usually 3-5 cm. long; leaflets more or less strongly inequi-
lateral, broadly ovate to subrotund, rounded basally and apically
to subtruncate at base, commonly with one lateral lobule, 3-5 cm.
long, and nearly as broad; peduncles to 2 dm. long, bearing only
a few or several sessile flowers, the subtubular calyces 6-8 mm.
long, the subequal calyx teeth typically only about half as long;
flowers dark purple, 17-20 mm. long; pods widely spreading, com-
pressed, densely appressed strigillose, to 9 cm. long, 4 mm. broad.
The leaves in the Peruvian form are usually greenish above, densely
ashy sericeous beneath, the veins prominent; var. vestitus (Hook.)
Hassler. F.M. Neg. 32018.
Lima: Chancay, Ruiz &
Pavdn. Lurin, Mathews 454, type.
Chosica, 526; Holway 783]/2. Callao, Wilkes Exped. Loreto:
Salinas de Pibluana, Rio Huallaga, Ule 7624. San Martin: Tara-
poto, Spruce 4852. Cuzco: Prov. Anta, Vargas 146. North to Texas
and northern Mexico.
FLORA OF PERU 299
Phaseolus August! Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7: 503.

1921. P. bolivianus Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 694. 1926? (cf.
note below).
Loosely and rather densely pilose except the leaves above and
the flowers; stipules ovate-lanceolate, to 7 mm. long; petioles 5-7
cm. long; leaflets broadly ovate, the lateral obliquely truncate at
base, acute, sparsely strigillose or glabrate above, about 6 cm. long,
5 cm. wide; racemes long-peduncled, to 2 dm. long or longer, the
lanceolate acuminate bracts subequaling the often geminate pedicels,
these 5-7 mm. long; calyx 4-4.5 mm. long, sparsely puberulent,
minutely ciliate on the margins, the teeth shorter than the tube,
the lower ones deltoid, lanceolate-acuminate, little longer than the
others, the lateral broadly deltoid, acute, the uppermost very broad,
bifid; banner glabrous, 11 mm. long, basally reflexed, auricled, the
wings nearly 15 mm. long; keel enlarged apically with the style and
sparsely hirsute, spiraled 1.5 times; vexillar stamen much thickened
basally; ovules 3-4; pods lightly falcate, villous, 5 cm. long, 8-9 mm.
broad. Flowers violet except for the wings, these at first lilac
changing to yellow-brown (Weberbauer). P. bolivianus may possibly
prove to be distinguishable varietally: the pubescence is less dense,
more appressed, the keel, as to type, with 2 coils, the pods 6 cm.
long, 1.5 cm. broad, with oval much-compressed brown seeds minutely
sprinkled with white, 6 mm. wide, 8 mm. long, the hilum one-fifth
as long. F.M. Neg. 2434.
Huanuco: Near Rio Mantaro below Colcabamba, 2,200 meters,
Weberbauer 6439, type. Cani, 3413 (det. Standl.). Amazonas:
Chachapoyas, Mathews. Apurimac: Rocky ground among shrubs
and grasses, 2,000 meters, Oropeza Valley, Vargas 9776; 10573
(former det. Standl. as P. boliviana). Cuzco: Valle del Urubamba,
3,000 meters, Herrera 1376. Yucay, Soukup 726. Bolivia.
"Huillko."
Phaseolus campestris Mart, ex Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.

Wien 2: 141. 1838; 678.
A rather slender less pilose herbaceous vine, green and

more or
glabrescent in age except the petiolules and pods, these conspicuously
rufous-pilose with somewhat appressed to spreading trichomes;
stipules lanceolate, scarcely or rather obviously produced at base;
peduncles about as long or longer than the petioles, the few yellowish
flowers congested apically; pedicels slender, 1-2 mm. long; calyces
campanulate, 2.5-3 mm. long, broadly and shortly lobed above,
the short lower teeth acutish; banner broadly orbicular, emarginate,

typically barely 8 mm. long, the keel spiraled once, the style glabrous
or lightly barbate at tip; pods nearly subcylindrical at maturity,
commonly 6 cm. long, 6 (4) -8 mm. thick, the seeds compressed with
linear hilum (subglobose, fide Amshoff).
The following collections were distributed as P. juruanus Harms,
Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7: 506. 1921, referred by Piper to P.
campestris. Possibly the Peruvian plant should be called P. Schottii
Benth. var. campestris (Benth.) Hassl., Candollea 1: 464. 1923, the
typical form of the species in this case including specimens with
calyces 4-6 mm. long, the banner 12-20 mm. long. Amshoff, Med. Bot.
Rijks Herb. Utrecht 52: 72-73. 1939, has discussed the application
of these names; it seems probable that only one variable species is
concerned. P. trichocarpus Wright, referred to P. Schottii by Piper,
I.e. 678, is distinct, fide Amshoff, its stipules produced 2-3 mm. at
base, its pods nearly flat, only about 3 cm. long, 6-8 mm. broad, the
seeds compressed.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig. Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 507;
616. Near Iquitos, Williams 8115; Klug 931. Brazil to the Guianas.
"Porotillo."
Phaseolus Caracalla L. Sp. PI. 725. 1753; 677.

Vigorous, smooth or nearly, and well-marked by the showy
varicolored flowers with contorted banner and with keel that is
coiled several (even to 7) times; leaflets green, acuminate, commonly
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, to 1 dm. long, half as broad or broader;
peduncles elongate, floriferous only above the middle with subglobose
nodes, the pedicels 5 mm. long; calyx lobes 4, all short, broad, obtuse,
the upper emarginate; pods straight, pendulous, acuminate, glabrate,
1.5 dm. long or longer, 1.5 cm. broad, with subglobose brown seeds
7-8 mm. long. Sometimes cultivated for the flowers, these with
white to orange banner, the wings pink to violet. Illustrated, Bot.
Reg. pi. 341.
San Martin: Near Moyobamba, Klug 3575. Junin: Montafias
de Chanchamayo, (Raimondi). Loreto: Florida, Klug 2059. South
America.
Phaseolus erythroloma Mart, ex Benth. in Ann. Naturh.

Hofmus. Wien 2: 141. 1838.
Softly villous, twining, the semi-herbaceous striate stems some-
times glabrate in age; petioles shorter than leaves; leaflets variable
FLORA OF PERU 301
in shape,mostly obliquely ovate-subrhombic, obtuse or acute, 4-5 cm.

long, 3-4 cm. broad; peduncles often 1.5-2 dm. long, prominently
bracted near or above the base with a fascicle of linear-setaceous
bracts commonly at least 1 cm. long; flowers small, few, the calyx
4 mm. long with 5 subequal teeth much shorter than the tube; pods
2.5-3.5 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, rufous or ashy-villous. Similar is
P. bracteatus Nees & Mart., upper calyx lip truncate, pods longer.
F.M. Neg. 6322.
Cuzco: Machu-picchu, Urubamba Valley, H err era 3255 (det.
Killip). To Brazil.
Phaseolus fraternus Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 679.

1926.
Perennial from a thick oblong tuber, the slender spreading or
ascending stems 3-5 dm. long, pilose with divaricate yellowish
trichomes; stipules broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 7-nerved, 5-7 mm.
long, persisting; leaflets oval, acute, broadly cuneate to rounded at
base, subequaling the petiole, 2-3 cm. long, sparsely appressed pilose,
much exceeded by the peduncles, these retrorsely pubescent, the
5-8 flowers subsessile; bracts lanceolate, 2 mm. long, the subulate
bracteoles less than half as long as the obconic calyx, this 3 mm.
long, the 2 upper teeth nearly as long as the tube, the 3 lower tri-
angular ones quite as long; corolla 5 mm. long, the banner reflexed
medially; pods hirtellous, linear, shortly beaked, 2-2.5 cm. long,
with 4-6 oval brown seeds. Allied according to the author to P.
heterophyllus Willd. but the leaflets acute, the calyx lobes shorter,
not subulate. Cf. P. Schottii Benth. under P. campestris.
Peru(?): Without locality, (Ruiz & Pawn, fide Piper). Bolivia
to Uruguay.
Phaseolus lathyroides L. Sp. PI. ed. 2: 1018. 1763.
Glabrous or lightly pilose erect or suberect annual with linear or

lanceolate ovate-elliptic nearly symmetrical leaflets 3-7 cm. long;
flowers in remote pairs on long slender peduncles, purplish, the slender
clawed wings much longer than the banner and the keel, the latter
forming one spiral; calyx tubular-campanulate, 6 mm. long; pods
linear, straight, appressed strigose, 8-10 cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad.
The var. semierectus (L.) Hassl. is the form with broad leaflets.
lea:Guadalupe and lea, in fields, Raimondi. Libertad: Valle
de Chicama, Raimondi. Native to warm America; widely dispersed.
Phaseolus latidenticulatus Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin

7: 504. 1921; 674.
Sparsely pilose or glabrescent vine similar to P. appendiculatus

but the calyx broad and shallow, 5-6 mm. long, to 7 mm. broad;
banner to 25 mm. long, apically reflexed, medially curved, the keel
nearly 3.5 cm. long, very broad but beaked; ovary subsericeously
pubescent, the style bearded at tip; young pods 7 cm. long, 3 mm.
broad F.M. Neg. 2438.
Piura: Prov. Ayavaca, 900 meters, Weberbauer 6427, type.
Phaseolus linearis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 445. 1823; 701.
Nearly P. adenanthus; stems becoming woody below; leaflets
linear, obtuse or acute, rather rigid, 4-10 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide;
calyx campanulate, the tube 4 mm. long, 4-toothed, the 3 lower
teeth long-acuminate, nearly 8 mm. long; petals dark violet, the
banner 2.5 cm. long; pods glabrous, 6-9 cm. long, 5 mm. broad.
F.M. Neg. 2439.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4498; Williams 5898; 7672.
Trinidad to Paraguay.
Phaseolus longipedunculatus Mart, ex Benth. Ann. Naturh.

Hofmus. Wien 2: 141. 1838.
More or less villous pubescent and perhaps to be included in P.
atropurpureus but the leaflets commonly green, irregularly hastate
or lance-ovate, the calyces rarely 4 mm. long with 5 acute teeth all
much shorter than the tube; banner 12-14 mm. long, broadly
obovate, bilobed, the larger wings with slender claws, the keel to
10 mm. long, finally with one complete spiral; pods linear, acuminate,
5-6 cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the oblong lustrous seeds 2 mm. long.
Bractlets a few mm. long are present at very base of the long
slender peduncles.
Piura: Parinas Valley, Haught 162(1}. La Brea, Haught 35.
Central America to Paraguay.
Phaseolus lunatus L. Sp. PL 724. 1753; 694.

Soon glabrescent herbaceous perennial variable in habit but
typically twining with broadly ovate-rhomboid to narrowly ovate

acuminate leaflets and laxly flowered racemes that are shorter than
the leaves, the greenish-white flowers well-pediceled, 1-1.5 cm. long;
bractlets minute; calyces 3-4 mm. long, the teeth much shorter
than the tube, the upper one truncate, the lateral deltoid, the
lowest one triangular, acute; pods typically 4-7 cm. long, the upper
FLORA OF PERU 303
margin recurved, the lower broadly rounded; seeds highly variable

in form and color. The pods are as diverse in shape and size as
the seeds. Sometimes the leaflets are nearly linear.
San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Williams 6864. Junin: La Merced,
5285. Yurimaguas, in field, Williams 5366.
Loreto: Nanay,
Williams 337. Arequipa: Near Arequipa, Meyen. Cuzco: Paucar-
tambo, Vargas 125. Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1601. Naturalized
in all warm regions. "Harhui," "porrotos," "avitas proto," "pallar"
(C. & G.).
Phaseolus megatylus Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22:

675. 1926.
Lignescent, the twining terete stems pubescent with short spread-

ing trichomes; stipules broadly oblanceolate, obtuse, 5 mm. long;
petioles shorterthan the leaflets, these membranous, ovate, the lateral
very oblique, acuminate and long-apiculate, rounded or subcordate
at base, densely and softly pubescent both sides, 6-8 cm. long;
peduncles stout, to 2.5 dm. long, the nodes conspicuous, the pedicels
about as long as the calyces; bractlets oval, one- third as long as the
calyx, this campanulate, pubescent, 10 mm. long, the broad upper
lobe notched, the 2 lower teeth obliquely ovate, obtuse, shorter than
the tube, this equaled by the triangular acute medial tooth; flowers
3 cm. long, the keel in one nearly complete loose spiral, the globular
stigma on the ventral side at the tip encircled at base by a ring of
hairs,below these a glabrous interspace, the style itself then densely
bearded for 2 mm.; pods (immature) appressed pubescent to 14 cm.
long, the straight beak 1.5 cm. long.
Cuzco: Santa Ana, 900 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1634, type.
Apurimac: Apurimac Valley, Herrera 3052.
Phaseolus pachyrrhizoides Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin

7: 504. 1921; 700.
Nearly P. Augusti but the leaflets unless in age more densely

pilose beneath, the lateral very unsymmetrical, some sublobed
laterally, the stipules lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, the bracts lance-
acuminate, 10-14 mm. long, the pedicels 4-5 mm. long, the bractlets
and calyx tube about as long; calyx pilose, the lower tooth and tube
subequal. Piper wrote the name with one "r."
My 3413, which matches closely in foliage 3442, has lignescent
stems, sparsely puberulent apiculate pods 6-8 cm. long, about 1.5
cm. broad, with several compressed blackish (or early brown-
mottled) seeds 11 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, the hilum short. F.M. Neg.
2440.
Junin: Huacapistana, 1,700 meters, Weberbauer 1769, type.
Between Palca and Carpapata, 2,900 meters, Goodspeed 10968 (distr.
as P. bolivianus); Killip & Smith 24378 (det. Killip). Huanuco:
Cani, 3442 (det. Piper); 3413 (distr. as P. bolivianus).
Phaseolus peduncularis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 447.

1824; 674.
Allied to P. appendiculatus but with notably smaller flowers
and membranous, glabrous or glabrate leaflets often only 3-4 cm.
long, about half as broad, rather gradually but scarcely acutely
acuminate; peduncles typically 1.5-2 dm. long, the few flowers
subsessile; calyces 3-4 mm. long, broadly campanulate, the upper
teeth truncate, the lower acutish, shorter than the tube; flowers
10-15 (20) mm. long, the banner longer than broad, the keel sigmoid
in anthesis; pods linear, straight, erect at maturity, 4-8 cm. long,
3.5-5 mm. broad, glabrous or lightly appressed strigillose, many-
seeded. The var. clitorioides (Mart.) Hassl. has somewhat firmer
leaflets,the peduncles shorter. Flowers white and dark lilac.
Piura: East of Cabo Blanco, H
aught 176; 263. San Martin:
Tarapoto, Williams 6504; 6748. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams
3909; 3979. Near Iquitos, Williams 359; King 1235; Killip &
Smith 27226. Rio Putumayo, Klug 1649. Colombia to Paraguay,
Brazil and elsewhere in the tropics.
Phaseolus pilosus HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 453. 1824; 678.
P. lasiocarpus Mart, ex Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 2: 140.
1838. P. hirsutus Mart, ex Benth. I.e.
Conspicuously yellowish or rusty pubescent herbaceous vine,
the trichomes reflexed-spreading, the leaflets sometimes glabrous
above; stipules adnate or shortly produced basally, 6 mm. long;
leaflets obliquely ovate, sometimes lobulate, rounded or acutish
at tip, broadly cuneate to the obtuse or rounded base, commonly
6 or 7 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide; peduncles 1-1.5 dm. long, shortly
floriferous at apex, the flowers greenish-yellow or yellow, the bracts
and bractlets subulate, caducous; calyx pubescent, campanulate,
the upper tooth rounded, bidentate, the lower 3 about as long as the
tube, this 5 mm. long; banner bilobed, 3 mm. long, the keel forming
one complete coil; pods linear, 5-7 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, densely
brown pilose with several compressed lustrous black seeds 3-4 mm.
long. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 49.
FLORA OF PERU 305
Libertad: Chicama Valley, Smyth 42 (det. Killip). Central

America to Trinidad; Brazil; Paraguay.
Phaseolus polytylus Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7:

505. 1921.
Coarse climber, the stems and petioles (these 8-10 cm. long)
sparsely hirsutulous or glabrate; leaflets subrhomboid-ovate, the
lateral oblique, barely acute, rounded at base, minutely and sparsely
strigillose above, shortly and laxly pilose-hirsute beneath, to 11
cm. long, 8.5 cm. wide; inflorescence 2.5 dm. long or longer, closely
and prominently nodose above the middle; calyces subsessile, cupu-
late, pubescent, to 12 mm. long, the broad upper tooth subentire,
the ovate lateral obtusish, the lower about as long, oblong-ovate,
6-7 mm. long; banner slightly clawed, broadly emarginate, strongly
reflexed below the middle, nearly 3 cm. long and broad, the wings
about a half cm. longer, the curved keel forming only a semicircle;
ovary linear, villous, the style bearded apically. F.M. Neg. 2444.
Rio Acre: Ule 9464, type.
Phaseolus revolutus Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 697.

1926.
Stems slender, minutely puberulent; stipules ovate, acute, 3 mm.
long; petioles glabrous, shorter than the leaflets, the latter linear,
obtuse but shortly apiculate, glabrous, marginally revolute, 5-7 cm.
long, 4 mm. wide, the midnerve with a narrow flange-like margin
its whole length; peduncles elongate, puberulent, with 5-8 flowers,
the bracts and bractlets minute; pedicels 1-3 times as long as the
calyces, these campanulate, 5 mm. long, the upper lobe emarginate,
the lower teeth ovate, obtuse, about half as long as the tube; flowers
12 mm. long, the banner clawed, orbicular, reflexing below the middle
and auricled, the oblanceolate clawed wings shortly lobed; keel nar-
rowly clawed forming 2 complete close coils. Section Euphaseolus.
Type at Paris said to originate from herb, of Pavon and according
to the author "it is probable that the specimen is from Peru."
However, without other data it could as well be from Mexico or
Chile.
Peru(?): Cf. note above.
Phaseolus vulgaris L. Sp. PI. 723. 1753.
Characteristically a subglabrous twining annual much like P.

lunatus but the bractlets to 6 mm. long, equaling or longer than the
calyces; flowers variously colored; pods oblong-linear, the upper

margins straight or slightly recurved, ordinarily a dm. long or longer,
with 4-6 seeds. The common bean called "bush" or "kidney."
Huanuco: Mito, 1539; 1540, both cultivated. Huertas, natu-
ralized, 1340. Muna, on shrubs, 3947 (det. Piper). Near Pozuzo,
commonly cultivated, 4774- Loreto: Rio Itaya, cultivated, Williams
3358. Cuzco: Marcapata Valley, 2,200 meters, in shrubwood,
Weberbauer 7874- Cosmopolitan in warm regions at least as an
escape. "Poroto," "chancha."
24. ERYTHRINA L.
Reference: Krukoff, Brittonia 3: 205-337. 1939; Amer. Journ.

Bot. 28: 683-691. 1941.
Usually trees or shrubs, the branches or petioles commonly

prickly, the leaves often lacking at time of flowering. Stipules
small, caducous, the stipels gland-like. Leaves pinnately 3-foliate,
the leaflets entire, the terminal one usually much larger. Flowers
conspicuous, borne in axillary and terminal fascicles or pseudo-
racemes, the bracts and bractlets small. Calyx spathaceous, cam-
panulate or tubular, truncate or 5-dentate, sometimes cleft or lobed.
Banner large, unappendaged, longer than the wings and keel, the
former sometimes wanting, the keel petals free or coherent. Vexillar
stamen free above the middle, the anthers uniform. Ovary stiped,
usually many-ovulate, the slender style glabrous at least distally,
with capitate stigma. Pod linear, compressed to cylindric, not at
all to strongly constricted between the seeds (these one to many),
often contorted at maturity when dehiscent irregularly or simply
by the ventral suture. Seeds ellipsoid, most often marked with red,
the lateralhylum elliptic to oblong.
Erythroidine and other alkaloids with the characteristics of the
curare arrow poisons (cf. note in this work 2: 680) have recently
been isolated; cf. Krukoff, I.e. 337, and Amer. Journ. Bot. 28: 691.
1941, for bibliography.
Ruiz and Pavon referred in their journal to several collections
under unpublished names, remarking their great beauty in flower.
The one they collected at Lurin and referred to E. coralodendron L.,
a species of the West Indies, might be E. edulis; they noted the
pods as eaten when green, but somewhat bitter, the thick trunks
used for straight posts, being propagated for that purpose from
cuttings. The native names, "huayro" and "huayruru," were
recorded by Tessmann as "uayrucu" for E. peruviana.
FLORA OF PERU 307
Species of Erythrina are commonly planted for shade in coffee

and cacao plantations; besides the native names they are sometimes
known as "bois immortelle," and at least in Colombia appropriately
as "madre de cacao."
Besides the following, E. speciosa Andr. was found by Wawra
cultivated at Lima. This small tree of southern Brazil is spiny,
leafy at anthesis, the flowers like those of E. edulis but the keel
petals and wings auricled toward base, the seeds soot-colored marked
with brown. Another species planted for ornament in the tropics
and probably in Peru isE". velutina Willd., well-marked by its spathe-
like calyx, the leaflets stellate-pubescent beneath, the seeds red, a
combination of characters unique in the genus. It is known wild
as near as Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. The flowers and
calyces of both of these species as well as those of the Peruvian
E. glauca, E. falcata, E. Ulei are illustrated, Amer. Journ. Bot. 28:
684, 686. My account follows Krukoff 's excellent revision.
Key (after Krukoff)
Banner subrotund-rhombic with stipe 9 mm. or longer; seeds

opaque, umber to blackish and marked with black. .E. glauca.
Banner and seeds otherwise.
Wings less than three-fourths the length of the keel petals;
seeds never red even in part.
Wings to one-third the length of keel petals, these three-

fourths as long as or equaling banner; seeds black with
tawny markings or if concolored, 10-17 mm. long.
Leaflets soon glabrous, the terminal narrowly elliptic; pods
ligneous, not follicular E. crista-galli, E. falcata.
Leaflets tomentose or glabrous but usually broader than
elliptic, less than twice as long as broad; pods charta-
ceous, follicular.
Pedicels 5-12 mm. long; finely tomentulose.
E. Poeppigiana.
Pedicels 1.5-6 cm. long, glabrous or soon glabrescent.
Leaflets glabrous at maturity E. Ulei.
Leaflets somewhat pubescent beneath on nerves.
E. verna.
Wings less than three-fourths the length of keel petals, these

less than two-thirds as long as banner; seeds dark
brown, concolored, 25-34 mm. long E. edulis.

Wings at least three-fourths the length of the keel petals to

longer than these; seeds red at least in part.
Keel petals separate.
Calyx 5-dentate, the teeth 3-6 mm. long E. peruviana.
Calyx entire or nearly except for the blunt tooth on upper
side E. amazonica.
Keel petals connate E. rubrinervia.
Erythrina amazonica Krukoff, Brittonia 3: 270. 1939.

Shrub or tree, more or less leafy at anthesis and usually spiny,
the branchlets stout; petioles elongate, early pubescent as the petio-
lules, these 4.5-12 mm. long; leaflets chartaceous, at first softly villous
becoming glabrous, not ceriferous, the terminal usually rhombic-
ovate, long-acuminate (acumen to 6 cm. long), rounded or truncate
at base, mostly 1-2.5 dm. long, 6.5-16 cm. broad; rachis and pedicels
pubescent with spreading trichomes, the pedicels 4-10 mm. long;
calyx chartaceous, campanulate, 1-2 cm. long, 7-11 mm. broad at
apex, the blunt tooth to 4.5 mm. long; banner red, 4.4-8.6 cm.
long, cuneate at base, the wings 9-17 mm. long, the rounded keel
petals 8-14.5 mm. long, apiculate dorsally at tip; ovary densely
pubescent; pods subligneous, 14-16 cm. long, deeply constricted
between the many seeds, the stipe 3-4.5 cm. long, the acumen to
3 cm. long. To 10 meters high.
Loreto: Soledad, Tessmann 5239, type. Brazil. "Mulungu,"
"huamanstillo."
Erythrina crista-galli L. Mant. 99: 1767; 228.

Much like E. fakata but the leaves often reticulately ceriferous
beneath, inflorescence terminal and leafy (or the flowers axillary)
instead of lateral and leafless and the stamens distinct only for
3-7 mm. instead of 9-18 mm.; pods 12-15 mm. broad; seeds 5-8
mm. wide, twice or more as long as broad, with short funicle.
Known in Peru only from several cultivated collections. Illustrated,
Bot. Mag. 140: pi. 85S2; Rock, Leg. PI. Hawaii., pi. 78.
Lima: Martinet and others. Southern South America.
Erythrina edulis Triana ex Micheli, Journ. de Bot. 6: 145. 1892;

248. E. Lorenoi Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 104. 1930. E. esculenta
Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boiss. se>. 2. 5: 1167. 1905. E. megistophylla
Diels, Bibl. Bot. 116: 96. 1937.
FLORA OF PERU 309
Medium-sized tree, leafy at anthesis, the rather slender branchlets

as the long petioles sometimes aculeate; petiolules 3-17 mm. long;
leaflets chartaceous or subcoriaceous, occasionally aculeate above,
glabrous or the principal veins beneath puberulent as at first the

flower-rachisand pedicels; terminal leaflets usually ovate to broadly
ovate or elliptic to subrotund, acute to acuminate, rounded or
truncate to cuneate at base, commonly 1-2 dm. long, 5-15 cm.
broad; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; calyx chartaceous, broadly campanu-
late, about 1 cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad apically, irregularly lobed,
often keeled above; banner broadly elliptic, 2-3 cm. long, the wings
3-6.5 (10) mm. long, the often lobed keeled petals 1-2 cm. long;
pods subligneous, usually 1.5-2.5 dm. long, about 2 cm. broad, con-
stricted between the seeds, the acumen about 2 cm. long, rigid.
Related Andean species include E. polychaeta Harms, 246, and

E. Schimpffii Diels, 247, both of Ecuador; the former is densely
setose-aculeate, the latter has leaflets minutely cirriferous beneath,
the elongate banner narrow.
Fruit is edible boiled or fried and, according to Vargas, "agrad-
able."
Cajamarca: Socota, Stork & Horton 10150. Ancash: Pucha,

Weberbauer 3299; 173 (as E. breviflora?). Huanuco: Rio Chinchao
Valley, 1,300 meters, Stork & Horton 9851. Mufia, 3956. Junin:
Killip & Smith 25840. Ayacucho Aina, Kittip & Smith 22827.
:
Apurimac: Near Abancay, 2,400 meters, Vargas 484- Pincos,

Stork & Horton 10705. Cuzco: Valle de San Miguel, H err era 2021
(type,E.Lorenoi') (Bingham 733; Cook & Gilbert 1178; 1751). Bolivia
;
to Colombia. "Poroto," "anteporoto," "pisonay," "pajurro,"

"pashigua."
Erythrina falcata Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 172.
1859; 232. E. Martii Colla, Herb. Pedem. 2: 250. 1834?
Large usually armed tree leafy at anthesis, the growing parts

more or less puberulent but soon glabrescent or glabrous; branchlets
sometimes aculeate as also the petioles, the petiolules 6-12 mm.
long; leaflets chartaceous, the terminal narrowly elliptic to elliptic-
obovate, acute to obtuse or rounded both ends, 5-16 (21) cm. long,
about half as wide; rachis 8-37 cm. long; pedicels 6-25 mm. long;
calyx chartaceous, broadly campanulate, 7-20 mm. long, 11-18 mm.
broad at tip, entire or bilobed or lacerated; banner red, broadly
elliptic-ovate, 2.8-4 (5.5) cm. long, the claw to 4 mm. long; wings
usually toothed toward base, 7-14 mm. long, the falcate keel petals
30-47 mm. long; pods ligneous, 9.5-25 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide,
shallowly if at all constricted between the black tawnily marked
seeds (these 12-13 mm. long with funicle to 3-5 mm. long), the
rigid acumen a little more than a cm. long. Krukoff has shown
that in probability the name of Colla antedates that of Bentham.
all
According to the monographer the species is vigorous up to 2,000

meters in Peru and Bolivia; in the latter country, in Sorota, it is
a favorite shade tree. F.M. Neg. 6301.
Cuzco: Valle del Urubamba, 3,000 meters, Hen era 1063; Cook
& Gilbert832. To southern Brazil. "Pisonay," "pisnay."
Erythrina glauca Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Neue

Schr. 3: 428. 1801; 224.
Short-trunked tree, armed, leafy at anthesis, the stout branchlets
often aculeate; petioles and petiolules glabrous or nearly, the latter
4-13 mm. long, the glabrous coriaceous blades pale green above,
distinctly paler beneath; terminal leaflet ovate to elliptic, rounded
to acute both ends or truncate at base, 7.5-15 (19) mm. long, about
half as broad; rachis 1-3 dm. long, the pedicels 5-19 mm. long;
calyx chartaceous, broadly campanulate, 10-17 mm. long, 15-19
mm. broad near apex, entire or nearly but variously lacerate just
before anthesis; banner orange, roundish, 4.7-6.8 cm. long includ-
ing claw, this 9-21 mm. long; wings 22-33 mm. long, the ovate-
falcate keel-petals 2.5-3.5 cm. long; pods ligneous, o 3 dm. long,
about 1.5 cm. wide, slightly constricted between the seeds, these
12-18 mm. long, opaque, black-mottled. Illustrated, Huber, Arbor.
Amaz. F.M. Neg. 2372.
1: pi. 24-
Loreto: Caballo-Cocha and La Victoria, Williams 1614,' 1960;

2314; 3142. Puritania and vicinity of Iquitos, Tessmann 3089; 3739;
5328. West Indies; Guatemala to Brazil and Bolivia. "Amasisa."
Erythrina peruviana Krukoff, Brittonia 3: 262. 1939.
Tree, leafless at anthesis; rachis, pedicels, and calyces more or

less pubescent with rather long deciduous trichomes, the first to
3 dm. long, the second 4-10 long, the third 10-21 mm. long,
mm.
this (the calyx) thin-chartaceous, campanulate, 8-11 mm. broad near
apex, 5-dentate, the upper tooth stout, blunt, 5-6 mm. long, the
remaining teeth slender, acutish, 3-5 mm. long; banner rose-red,
usually narrowly lanceolate-elliptic, 4.5-7 cm. long; wings 9-11 mm.
long, to 6 mm. wide, the keel-petals 7. \5 mm. long; ovary densely
pubescent. Leaves and fruits unknown. To 12 meters high.
Loreto: Mouth of the Santiago, Tessmann 4322. "Uayrucu."
FLORA OF PERU 311
Erythrina Poeppigiana (Walp.) 0. F. Cook, Bull. U. S. Dept.

Agr. Bot. 25: 57. 1901; 235. Micropteryx Poeppigiana Walp. Linnaea
23: 740. 1850. E. amasisa Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 3: 202.
1859. E. micropteryx Poepp. ex Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 327. 1899.
Becoming a very large tree, armed, the stout branchlets aculeate;

petioles and petiolules glabrous or puberulent, the latter 5-16 mm.
long; leaflets thin-chartaceous, usually scabrous beneath, only at
first puberulent, the terminal rhombic- or deltoid-ovate to roundish,
shortly acuminate or obtuse, rounded to truncate, rarely cuneate

at base, 5-18 (24) cm. long, 5.5-16 (24) cm. broad; rachis and
pedicels puberulent, the latter 5-12 mm. long; calyx chartaceous,
campanulate, 5.5-10 mm. long both sides, 5-8 mm. broad, entire,
the keel on the upper side 2 mm. long; banner bright orange, 5-5.4
cm. long, including claw, this 1-5 mm. long; wings 7-14 mm. long,
the falcate keel-petals 2-4.5 cm. long; ovary finely puberulent;
pods chartaceous, to 2.5 dm. long, 1.1-1.4 cm. broad with acumina-
tion 4-8 mm. long, not at all constricted between the usually many
seeds, these uniformly coffee-brown, 10-17 mm. long. This is one
of the trees commonly planted as shade for coffee and cacao. Illus-
trated, Addisonia 10: pi. 331. F.M. Neg. 2373.
Subandean Peru: Poeppig, type. San Martin: Tarapoto, Ule
6319; Belshaw 8254; Spruce 4069 (type, E. amasisa). Moyobamba,
860 meters, (Weberbauer, 288). Huanuco: Monzon, Weberbauer
3469; 285. Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3038. Pampa del Sacra-
mento, (Huberf). Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, 1,600 meters, Herrera
3613. Rio Acre: Krukoff 5557. Panama to Bolivia and adjacent
Brazil. "Amasisa."
Erythrina rubrinervia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 434. 1824;

307.
Shrub or becoming a small tree, usually armed, the stout ordi-

narily aculeate branchlets leafy at anthesis; foliage soon glabrous,
the petiolules 4.5-10 mm. long, the chartaceous leaflets minutely
reticulate-ceriferous beneath; terminal leaflets rhombic-ovate, acu-
minate, typically cuneate at base, 9.5-20 cm. long, 5-12 cm. broad;
rachis and pedicels shortly pubescent, the latter 3-9 mm. long;
calyx thin-chartaceous, tubular-campanulate, 10-30 mm. long, 4-7
mm. broad near tip, usually entire, pointed on the keel side by a
tooth 1.5-2 mm. long, p ~b glabrous; banner scarlet, narrowly
oblanceolate, 4.4-7.6 en-, rong; wings usually irregularly toothed
apically, usually slightly smaller than keel-petals, 5.5-12 mm. long,
3.5-5 mm. broad; pods subligneous, 2-3.5 dm. long, about 1-5 cm.
broad, with acumen 3-6 dm. long, deeply constricted between the
many seeds, these uniformly scarlet, 10-12 mm. long. E. Smithiana
Krukoff, 323, known from as near as southern Ecuador, has sub-
coriaceous calyx, subequal both sides, truncate. F.M. Neg. 37501.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, Ruiz & Pavdn. Puno: Chunchosmayo, Weber-
bauer 1349.Colombia to Bolivia. "Haymura."
Erythrina Ulei Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 48: 172.

1907; 238. E. xinguensis Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3:
167. 1922.
Armed large tree, leafless or only with young leaves at anthesis,

the rather slender branchlets aculeate; petiolules soon glabrous,
6-11 mm. long, the chartaceous leaflets often scabrous below near
base, early puberulent, the terminal obovate, elliptic or ovate,
rounded or retuse at apex, usually cuneate or acute at base, 11-14
cm. long, 8-11 cm. broad; rachis often scabrous, puberulent to gla-
brous; pedicels 2.2-6 cm. long; calyx chartaceous, broadly campanu-
late, equal both sides, 6-14 mm. long, 8-12 mm. broad at tip, the
calyx being stretched transversely at anthesis, entire or nearly keeled
above, with spur to 2.3 mm. long, glabrous; banner red, elliptic,
about 3.5^4 cm. long including the claw, this to 3 mm. long; wings
3-12 mm. long, the falcate keel-petals 3-4 cm. long; pods chartaceous,
to 2.5dm. long, the acumen 4-8 mm. long, not at all constricted
between the 1 to 3 seeds, these uniformly coffee-brown in color,
13-14 mm. long. F.M. Negs. 2376; 2379 (E. xinguensis}.
Junin: Chanchamayo, (Raimondi, det. Harms). Loreto: Yuri-
maguas, Vie 6300, type; Williams 4767; 4996. Vicinity of Ucayali,
Tessmann 3123; 3740. Puno: Chunchosmayo, Sandia, 1,000 meters,
Weberbauer 1249; 279. Without locality, Pavon. Bolivia and
Amazonian Brazil. "Amasisa," "huilcatauri."
Erythrina verna Veil. Fl. Flum. 304. 1825; 240. E. Mulungu

Mart, ex Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 173. 1859.
Large armed tree, the leaves developing after the flowers, the
branchlets aculeate; petiolules 5-14 mm. long; leaflets chartaceous,
sparsely tomentose, glabrescent, trichomes usually persisting on
nerves, the terminal leaflet subrotund to broadly ovate, acute to
rounded at tip, truncate to subcordate at base, 7-24 cm. long,
6.5-25 cm. broad; rachis early pubescent with spreading trichomes,
the soon glabrate pedicels 1.5-4 cm. long; calyx chartaceous, broadly
FLORA OF PERU 313
campanulate, equal both sides, 6-10 mm. long, 8-14 mm. broad at
tip, entire or nearly, often keeled with spur to 0.7 mm. long; banner
red, broadly elliptic, 3 to nearly 5 cm. long including the claw, this
to 3 mm. long; wings 6-14 mm. long, the broadly falcate keel-petals
3-4 cm. long; fruits and seeds unknown. E. flammea Herzog,
Repert. Nov. Sp. 7: 57. 1909; 242, of Bolivia and Brazil, similar,
has subcoriaceous leaflets that with the petioles are densely tomentose
beneath, the keel-petals 4.5-5.5 mm. broad (7-11 mm. in E. vernd) ;
pods chartaceous, about 11 cm. long with acumen about 5 mm. long,
not constricted between the 1 or 2 seeds, these blackish brown,
indistinctly tawny marked, 12 mm. long. Illustrated, Veil. Fl.
Flum. Ic. 7: pi. 102.
Rio Acre: Ule 9408; 9468; Krukoff 5334. Brazil. "Mulungu."
25. MUCUNA Adans.

Negretia R. & P. Syst. 176. 1798.
More or less woody vines, at least the pod-pubescence irritating,
the 3-foliate leaves with usually inequilateral leaflets provided with
stipules. Flowers large in long-peduncled axillary racemes. Calyx-
teeth very unequal, the upper completely connate. Banner com-
plicate, more or less inflexed-auricled at base, usually much shorter
than the incurved wings, these equaled or exceeded by the keel.
Stamens 10, only the vexillar free; anthers alternately longer and
shorter, the latter versatile, often bearded. Style glabrous. Pods
thick, linear to broadly oblong, bivalved, usually densely bristly
and often variously ridged or lamellate. Seeds few, orbiculate or
transversely oblong, compressed, exarillate.
Besides the following M. mitis (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 2: 405.
1825 (N. mitis R. & P.) from "Chinchao, Macora, Mesapata, leaflets
obliquely ovate, racemes greatly elongate, pods unarmed, seeds
somewhat compressed" has been described from Peru; the name
probably must be dropped as its application is entirely obscure; it
could be a Dioclea.
Ruiz & Pavon have explained the common name of the natives,
"llamapanaui," as "eye of llama," on account of the shape of the
seeds; reduced to powder these are divided into two parts, one
applied to bite of reptiles and insects, the other (about a dram)
drunk with water as an excellent antidote. In some places the name
is "picapica," on account of the little bristles which, entering the
skin, cause pain or inconvenience; several persons assured us that

these taken with chocolate-milk or honey and water are an excel-

lent anthelmintic (Ruiz & Pa von).
Leaflets lustrous-silvery appressed sericeous beneath; flowers yellow.

M. Sloanei.
Leaflets pubescent to glabrate beneath.
Flowers umbellate or the inflorescence so shortened that they
appear so.
Leaflets softly pubescent beneath M. elliptica.
Leaflets sparsely or finely pubescent beneath M. Huberi.
Flowers racemose.
Plants more or less pubescent; banner short M. rostrata.
Plants glabrous or glabrate; banner nearly as long as the wings.

M. urens.
Mucuna elliptica (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 2: 405. 1825. Negretia
R. & P. Syst. 176. 1798. N.
elliptica inflexa R. & P. I.e. N. platy-
carpa R. & P. I.e. 178. M. inflexa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 2: 405.
1825. M. platycarpa (R. & P.) DC. I.e. 406.
High-climbing, the upper stems or branches, peduncles, petioles

and leaves beneath densely villous or pilose with more or ap- less
pressed rusty trichomes; leaflets broadly ovate-elliptic or the terminal

one subrotund, rounded or shortly cuneate at base, the lateral usually
strongly oblique, shortly and abruptly acuminate, glabrate above,
the larger 1.5 dm. wide; peduncles short or elongate, more or less
enlarged apically to a knob-like receptacle on which are borne several
flowers; receptacle surrounded by broad bracts more or less promptly
caducous or apparently the bracts maybe at least in part narrow
and may persist; calyces appressed pilose, about 1.5 cm. wide, the
upper lobe very broad, the lower teeth narrow, subequal, the lowest
more than half as long as the tube; flowers 6-7 cm. long, the banner
about two- thirds as long as the wings; pods 2-seeded (exceptionally
1-seeded), shortly pediceled or subsessile, not plaited, broadly oblong,
subcompressed, lightly or scarcely ridged at margins, often 10 cm.
long, half as wide, densely dark brown tomentose and bristly, the
bristles caducous; seeds subcompressed, convex, 3 cm. broad, nearly
surrounded by the narrow hilum, this 5-6 mm. wide.
The determination of the following material, except as to my
collection in fruit, is open to question as none of the other specimens
(although in flower) show type of inflorescence. M. Fawcettii Urban,
Symb. Ant. 5: 371. 1908, of Jamaica has similar inflorescence, the
FLORA OF PERU 315
yellow flowers borne like those of M. elliptica, but the hilum is broader.
The inadequate original descriptions or material of the two Ruiz &
Pavon species listed above point to their association here, especially
in the case of M. inflexa except that the seed is said to be "sub-
globose"; the authors' delineation of M. platycarpa runs, "leaflets
cordate-ovate, intermediate oblong-linear-ovate, pods compressed,
seeds flat. Cuchero, Pueblo Nuevo, Chicoplaya." M. inflexa was
recorded by Ruiz & Pavon as from Cuchero, Pozuzo, Muna; as also
M. elliptica. F.M. Negs. 28191; 28192 (M. inflexa).
San Martin: Near Moyobamba, Klug 3367 (det. Standl., M.
mapirensis}. Huanuco: Pozuzo, Cuchero and Muna, Ruiz & Pavon,
type. Pampayacu, Kanehira 217. Pozuzo, 1+651. Junin: La
Merced, 5464. Ayacucho: Aina, Killip & Smith 22747. Rio Apuri-
mac, Killip & Smith 23045. Loreto: San Isidro, Tessmann 4973
(det. Harms, M. Huberi, var.). "Llamapanaui."
Mucuna Huberi Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 90. 1925.
Resembles, according to the author, M. rostrata in leaves, indu-

ment and calyx but differs in dimensions and color of flowers, these
yellow, few on a thick erect peduncle 3-8 cm. long, the pedicels 1-2
cm. long, stout; banner 4-5.5 cm. long, the wings 7.5-9 cm. long,
the keel slightly longer. The showy flowers are borne together as
in M. elliptica and if the following collection in fruit is correctly
referred here the pods are similar. The type was based on a cultivated
specimen but the species has since been found on the upper Amazon
near Peru. F.M. Neg. 2380.
Loreto: Lower Rio Huallaga, Killip & Smith 28999. Brazil.
Mucuna rostrata Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 171. 1859.
Stems and petioles glabrate as also the leaves or these minutely

and usually sparsely (unless beneath) strigillose; leaflets ovate- or
oblong-elliptic, the lateral oblique, commonly 10 cm. long, 6-7 cm.
wide, shortly caudate-acuminate; racemes shorter than the leaves,
the rachis as the broadly campanulate calyces fulvous sericeous or
the latter also somewhat bristly; lower calyx tooth narrow, about as
long as tube; pedicels 6-10 mm. long; banner about one-third shorter
than the petals, these as the longer acutely beaked keel 5 cm. long
or longer; alternate anthers barbed at base; ovary few-ovuled;
pods unknown. Flowers orange to scarlet in pendent racemes.
The description of M. inflexa suggests that it may in part have
been this; see remarks under M. elliptica. M. mapirensis (Rusby)
Macbr., comb. nov. (Stizolobium mapirense Rusby, Mem. Torrey

Club 6: 25. 1896), Bolivian, has leaflets densely pilose on the nerves
beneath, sparsely on the veins, the racemes short.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, 4650. Junin: La Merced, 5572. San Martin:
Near Moyobamba, flowers brick red, Klug 3649. Loreto: Pebas,
Williams 1857. Upper Rio Nanay, Williams 1200. Near Iquitos,
Williams 1441- La Victoria, Williams 3024- Caballo-Cocha,
Williams 2424- Balsapuerto, flowers orange, Klug 3083 (distr. as
M. Huberi). Cuzco: Valley of Sambray, flowers bright scarlet,
Mexia 8037 (det. Killip). Rio Tambomayo, 1,200 meters, flowers
vivid red-orange, West 7116 (det. Johnst.). Rio Chaupinmayo,
Soukup 586. Colpani, Cook & Gilbert 1055. Ecuador; Brazil;
Bolivia. "Aguacenqua," "ancacjsillon" (C. & G.), "ahuacincca"
(C. & G.).
Mucuna Sloanei Fawc. & Rendle, Journ. Bot. 55: 36. 1917.
Stems soon suffrutescent, the uppermost and petioles only lightly
hispid but the leaflets lustrous beneath with an appressed indument
of short grayish sericeous trichomes; leaflets the usual shape and size
for the genus; peduncles as long or much longer than the petioles,
bearing apically and subumbellately several yellow flowers that are
about 5 cm. long with banner about 3 cm. long; lower calyx- teeth
nearly as long as tube; pods with 2 narrow ridges along each margin
and with many transverse plaits, 10-15 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, bristly
and tomentose, the 2-4 compressed-roundish seeds 2-3 cm. broad,
nearly surrounded by the hilum. Illustrated, Fawc. & Rendle, Fl.
Jamaica 4, pt. 2: p. 53.
San Martin: Near Moyobamba, Klug 3561. Loreto: Florida,
Klug 2265 (det. Killip). Tropical America and west tropical Africa.
"Gose-o" (Huitoto).
Mucuna urens (L.) DC. Prodr. 2: 405. 1825. Dolichos urens

L. Syst. ed. 10. 1162. 1759. M. altissima (Jacq.) DC. I.e.
Glabrous or essentially with slender greatly elongate pendulous
peduncles (to 1 meter long) the blue-purple (keel yellowish) flowers
1-3 together from sessile tubercles on a zigzag rachis; petioles often
a dm. long or longer; leaflets broad, abruptly acuminate; calyx about
1 cm. long and broad, pubescent, the upper tooth entire or emargi-
nate, the lower acute, the longest intermediate one about 4 mm.
long; banner 3-4 cm. long, three-fourths to nearly as long as the
wings, these as keel tomentose at base; pods sessile, oblong, 1-2 dm.
FLORA OF PERU 317
long, 5 cm. broad, with many nearly transverse ridges and 2 narrow
wings along one suture; seeds as many as 4, rounded but somewhat
flattened, nearly or quite surrounded by the hilum, 3 cm. broad or
broader.
The "sea-bean" so often picked up, brightly polished, along

shores, is the seed of this vine.
Loreto: Iquitos, Kittip &
Smith 27224; King 1499. Brazil to
the West Indies and Central America.
26. CANAVALIA Adans.

Reference: Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 555-588. 1925.
In general like Dioclea, but the lower entire or trifid calyx teeth
much smaller than the upper, this truncate or bilobed. Banner
with or without auricles, the keel truncate or more or less beaked,
sometimes spiraled at tip. Valves of the pods with 1-4 longitudinal
ridges, one or more of these sometimes approximate to or even
united with one or both sutures. Seeds globose to ellipsoid and
compressed (the hilum linear) more or less separated within the com-
pressed or somewhat turgid pod. As described here includes
Wenderothia Schlecht., which seems as Ducke remarks, Archiv.
Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 24. 1938, not separable. Name originally
written Canavali, the present spelling adopted by DeCandolle
and conserved. Piper, I.e., discusses the economic properties, not
important.
Technical key
Ridges 4 on each pod valve, 2 near each suture C. eurycarpa.
Ridges 2 on each valve, 1 near each suture C. parviflora.
Ridges 3, 1 or 2 near the ventral, one approximate to or united with

the dorsal suture.
Pod densely villous C. lasiocalyx.
Pod puberulent or strigillose, glabrate in age.
Hilum about one-fifth circumference of seed.
Seeds 12-16 mm. long C. maritima.
Seeds 2 cm. long C. Piperi.
Hilum long, at least one-third the circumference and nearly as
long as seed.
Intermediate pod rib 2-3 mm. from ventral rib.
Pod sparsely strigillose, 3 cm. broad C. boliviano,.
Pod densely strigose, 18 mm. broad C. peruviana.

Intermediate pod rib 5 mm. from ventral rib. .C. brasiliensis.
Vegetative key
Trailing or clambering plants with suborbicular leaves growing along

or just back of beaches C. maritima.
Climbing plants of the interior.
Calyx and pod densely fulvous pubescent or strigose. C. lasiocalyx.

Calyx and pod appressed strigillose to glabrate.
Leaves glabrate or sparsely strigillose beneath; pods glabrate
in age.
Leaflets acute or acuminate, shortly and bluntly.
Leaflets obliquely rounded or truncate at base.
Pod valves 4-ridged; leaves glabrous as to type; flowers
unknown C. eurycarpa.
Pod valves biridged; leaves glabrous or strigillose; flowers
1.5 cm. long C. parviflora.
Pods with 1 ridge, remote from ventral suture; leaves
typically more or less strigillose; flowers 2.5 cm. long.
C. brasiliensis.
Leaflets shortly cuneate at base C. boliviana.
Leaflets obtuse or apiculate, rounded C. Piperi.
Leaves densely pilosulous beneath, especially on the nerves
where the trichomes are longer C. peruviana.
Canavalia boliviana Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 573.

1925.
Stems stout but herbaceous, sparsely strigillose puberulent as
the petioles, petiolules and leaflets on both surfaces, the latter mem-
branous, perhaps typically broadly oval or ovate to broadly deltoid,
and truncate, but apparently more often shortly cuneate at base,
abruptly acuminate to a short obtuse tip, 7-12 cm. long, 5-10 cm.
broad with 5-6 pairs of prominent lateral nerves; peduncles many-
flowered, the nodes prominent; calyx campanulate, 14 mm. long,
nearly glabrous, the upper lobe shorter than the tube; flowers 4 cm.
long, the keel broad, strongly curved; pod stiped, straight, piano-
compressed, sparsely strigillose, 1-2 dm. long, 3 cm. broad, the
intermediate rib mostly prominent and 2-3 mm. from the ventral
rib; inner layer not septate; seeds flattened-ellipsoid, olive yellow
FLORA OF PERU 319
marked with brown, 15 mm. long, about half as broad, the black
hilum as long. It seems doubtful if the plant is specifically distinct
from C. brasiliensis.
Peru (probably). Bolivia.
Canavalia brasiliensis Mart, ex Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.

Wien 2: 135. 1838; 574.
Younger herbaceous, slender stems as well as petioles, petiolules

and leaflets, the latter, especially beneath, sparsely strigillose as to
type; leaflets ovate to oval, membranous, shortly acuminate, rounded
to obtuse at base, 1-1.5 dm. long; peduncles many-flowered; calyx
campanulate, 13-15 mm. long, sparsely strigillose, the upper tooth
well developed; flowers purplish, 2.5 cm. long, the banner basally
calloused and auricled, the keel falcate, blunt; pod nearly straight,
sparsely strigillose, 1-1.5 dm. long, 2-5 cm. broad, one ridge very
near the ventral suture, the second 3-5 mm. distant; inner layer
papery and separating; seeds ellipsoid, 10-13 mm. long, the black
hilum two-thirds as long. Description after Piper. Ducke, Archiv.
Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Jan. 4: 24. 1938, includes here C. amazonica Piper,
and C. dictyota Piper, 573, 574, both however with distinctly cuneate-
based leaflets; in this case the species must be variable in foliage and
placement of intermediate ridge on pod, which is more than probable.
F.M. Neg. 28023.
Peru (probably). Brazil; Bolivia.
Canavalia eurycarpa Piper, Field Mus. Bot. 4: 94. 1925.
Somewhat ligneous and glabrous (as to type), the stout, fruiting

stems 7 mm. thick; petiolules 6 mm. long; leaflets chartaceous, oval,
the lateral oblique, rounded at base, acute, 10-12 cm. long, 7-8 cm.
wide; peduncles many-flowered, the scattered nodes prominent; pods
brown, stoutly stiped, with shortly recurved beak,
straight, ligneous,
18 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, each valve longitudinally 4-ridged, one
rib approximating each suture, the others more prominent, 2 mm.
distant, inner layer not septate; seeds strongly compressed, brown,

lustrous, 2-3 mm. long, equaled by the black hilum. Probably, as
suggested by Piper, Clitoria brasiliana Veil., Fl. Flum. 7: pi. 129,
text 293. 1825, may be the earlier name, but as descriptions
and plate do not entirely agree, the cognomen should be dropped.
The following collections (det. Standl. except type and Ule) are
lightly strigillose and, only in flower, could probably better be
referred to C. brasiliensis, but as the species cannot be separated on
calyx or characters other than fruit it is impossible to place them

definitely.
San Martin: Juanjui, King 4247; 4351? (det. Standl., cf. C. peru-
viana). Chazuta, Klug 3993. Near Moyobamba, King 3577.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, 4580. Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3007. Rio
Acre: Vie 9454.
Canavalia lasiocalyx Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2: 55. 1898;

583. Wendorothia lasiocalyx (Kuntze) Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 20: 583. 1925. Phaseolus vignoides Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 4: 345. 1907, fide Killip.
More or less ligneous species well-marked in flower and fruit by
a rather abundant, rusty pubescence on the stems, petioles, peduncles
and calyces; leaflets ellipsoid or oval-elliptic, rounded at base, acute,
sparsely puberulent both sides, sometimes densely on the prom-
inent nerves beneath, commonly 5-8 cm. long; calyces 1 cm.
long, usually marked with purple, the broad truncate upper lip
shorter than the tube; flowers purple, 3 cm. long, the standard with
prominent callosities, the keel narrow, curved, beaked; pods densely
villous with spreading, rusty trichomes, 8-10 cm. long, 12 mm. broad,
one longitudinal ridge near the ventral suture, another approximate
to the dorsal suture and a third about 8 mm. distant from the latter;
seeds 7 mm. long, the linear hilum nearly as long, pale brown
splotched with darker brown.
Junin: La Merced, 5235 (det. Piper); Killip & Smith 23504.
Ayacucho: Aina, Killip & Smith 23115. Cuzco: Santa Ana, Cook
& Gilbert 1611 (det. Piper). Bolivia.
Canavalia maritima (Aubl.) Thouin, Journ. Bot. Desv. 1:
80. 1813; 564. Dolichos maritimus Aubl. PI. Guian. 765. 1775.
Herbaceous, silky strigillose, especially the younger parts, in-
cluding the pods, the broadly ovate-orbicular leaves glabrate in

age; peduncles rather remotely flowered, the rose-colored corollas
10-15 mm. long; banner auricled and with 2 lunate callosities, the
keel curved, blunt, auricled at base; pods nearly straight, beaked,
turgid, sparsely strigillose, 7-15 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. broad, each
valve with a rib close to each suture and a third one 3-5 mm. from
the ventral suture; inner layer separating; seeds ovoid to subglobose,
brown, 12-16 mm. long, the hilum much shorter. This is a not
uncommon sand-binder along tropical seas.
FLORA OF PERU 321
Piura: In dense masses back of beach, 18 km. north of Cabo-

Blanco, Haught F64- Zorritos, Haught 208.
Canavalia parviflora Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 177.
1859; 563.
Liana, the glabrous stems terete; leaflets slightly coriaceous, oval
to ovate, abruptly and bluntly short acuminate, rounded or truncate
at base, sparsely strigillose both sides, 6-10 cm. long, 4-6 cm. broad;
petiolules 5-7 mm. long, glabrous or puberulent; peduncles much
shorter than the flowering portion of the inflorescence, the nodes
prominent; bractlets orbiculate; calyx 10 mm. long, glabrous or
sparsely strigillose, the broad upper lip emarginate, the lower tri-
dentate; banner suborbicular, 1.5 cm. long, bicalloused and auricled,
the auricles inflexed; wings and keel petals auricled, the keel blunt;
mature pods ligneous, glabrous, straight, 1 dm. long, 3 cm. broad, with
a short sharp incurved beak and 2 sharp ribs, 1 very close to each
suture; seeds 18 mm. long, 10 mm. broad, with linear hilum nearly
as long, oblong, much compressed, brown, lustrous. Section Di-
plegma. The identification of the Killip &
Smith specimen in fruit
is not certain; the immature pod is 1.5 dm. long, 3.5 cm. broad.
Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith 23813 (cf. note above).
Rio Acre: Seringal Auristella, Ule 9455. Southern Brazil.
Canavalia peruviana Piper, Field Mus. Bot. 4: 94. 1925.
Liana, the older brownish-red-barked stems stout, definitely

woody, the younger leaf-bearing ones closely and softly pilose with
short fuscous trichomes as also the petioles, petiolules and leaflets
beneath, these coriaceous-chartaceous, dark green and lustrous but
slightly puberulent on the veins above, paler beneath and in age
pilose principally on nerves, oblong-elliptic, about 10 cm. long, half
as wide; pods stoutly stiped, densely black strigose, each valve with
an indistinct ridge along each suture and a prominent one 2 mm.
from the ventral suture, 10-12 cm. long, 18 mm. broad, inner layer
closely attached; seeds strongly compressed, gray marked with black,
10 mm. long, the linear hilum three-fourths as long. Section Eucana-
valia,near perhaps to C. boliviano, (Piper). Klug 4351, Juanjui,
San Martin, determined by Standley as C. eurycarpa with query,
could rather be this in flower; calyx scarcely 1 cm. long, glabrate
except appressed strigillose toward tip, lower tooth almost minute;
corolla white and violet, 2 cm. long, keel strongly falcate.
Junin: La Merced, low liana on river bank brush, 5551, type.

Canavalia Piperi Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.

Affinis C. maritimae; caulibus foliolisque tenuioribus ubique ad-
presse strigillosis; foliolis late oblongo-ellipticis vel fere orbiculatis
basi et apice rotundatis vel apice minute acutis vel apiculatis ple-
rumque 7-8 cm. longis, 4-6 cm. latis; floribus ignotis; leguminibus
circa 5 mm. longe stipitatis, 10 cm. longis, 2.5-3 cm. latis, alis satis
prominentibus a carina circa 5 mm. longe distantibus; seminibus
pallide bruneis, circa 2 cm. longis fere 1.5 cm. latis, hilo linear i
8-10 mm. longo. Obviously an ally of C. maritima but with thin
leaflets and much larger concolored seeds; Piper wrote on the type
"nearest C. arenicola Piper (Mexican) but probably n. sp."
Cuzco: Santa Ana, Cook & Gilbert 1604 (type, U. S. Nat. Herb.);
1586. "Abella blanca," "huaco bianco."
27. DIOCLEA HBK.

Cratylia Mart, ex Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 2: 132.
1838. Cleobulia Mart, ex Benth. I.e. 131.

Lianas or shrubby with much elongate branches, the stipulate
leaves pinnately 3-foliate, the leaflets stipellate. Flowers small to
rather large, white, blue, pink or purple, fasciculate in long racemes,
the fascicles on nodes or oblong bases. Bracts promptly caducous,
the small but broad bractlets scarcely longer. Calyx campanulate or
tubular, sometimes silky within, the 2 upper lobes connate in one
entire or emarginate one, the lower often longer. Banner orbiculate,
unappendaged. Alternate anthers sometimes reduced, sterile.
Ovary stiped, many-ovuled, the
glabrous, incurved style with
capitate stigma. Pods oblong-suborbicular to linear, turgid or com-
pressed, the sutures more or less, sometimes scarcely, margined or
enlarged, thinly segmented within between the seeds, these with
short or elongate and linear hilum.
Besides the work of Bentham I acknowledge my indebtedness to
Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: 93-98. 1925, who has supplied
an excellent key to the species of Para; these two treatments and
that of Miss Amshoff, Fl. Sur. 2, pt. 2: 200-209. 1939, account for
most of the species of South America with the exception of three
Ecuadorian ones described by Diels in Bibl. Bot. 116: 1937. The
character or characters relied upon to distinguish Cratylia and
Cleobulia are also found in varying degree of development in Dioclea
and therefore are not of taxonomic importance.
FLORA OF PERU 323
Anthers uniform, all fertile; stipules small, not prolonged below the
point of insertion.
Leaflets usually silvery pubescent beneath; bractlets minute;
flowers short or rather short; pod sutures little enlarged.
Flowers about 1 cm. long D. Huberi.

Flowers to 2 cm. long D. argentea.
Leaflets if more or less pubescent not appressed silvery beneath.
Flowers borne rather laxly, the wings not greatly reduced.
Calyx to about 1.5 cm. long; flowers short or somewhat
longer than broad.
Bractlets minute, coriaceous.
Flowers about as broad as long; leaves glabrous.
D. macrocarpa.
Flowers larger, often longer than broad; leaves pubescent.
Calyx teeth long, acuminate D. lasiophylla.
Calyx teeth short, obtuse D. dichrona.
Bractlets thin, pale or pinkish, enclosing the buds.
D. virgata.
Calyx about 2 cm. long; bractlets conspicuous; flowers

elongate D. macracantha.
Flowers in compact racemes, the wings scarcely obvious.
D. leiantha.
Anthers dissimilar, 5 fertile, the alternate 5 smaller, sterile; stipules
sometimes large and prolonged; flowers short, the keel often
incurved.
Leaves glabrous or sparsely and unevenly pubescent beneath, the
trichomes mostly or all on the nerves.
Stipules small, not produced; inflorescence glabrate. .D. glabra.

Stipules produced, sometimes caducous; inflorescence pubescent.
D. violacea.
Leaves shortly pilose both sides or evenly pubescent beneath.

Leaves glabrous or glabrate above unless on midnerve; branches
appressed or shortly pubescent.
Leaves sparsely appressed hispidulous beneath . . D. ucayalina.
Leaves densely sericeous pilose beneath D. funalis.
Leaves typically pilose above; branches more or less hirsute.
D. megacarpa.
Dioclea argentea Desv. Ann. Sci. Nat. s<r. 1. 9: 420. 1826.

Cratylia argentea (Desv.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2: 58. 1898. C.
floribunda Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 2: 132. 1838.
D. pauciflora Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 25. 1896. C. pauciflora
(Rusby) Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 17. 1923. C. nuda Tul.
Arch. Mus. Paris 4: 68. 1841. C. floribunda Benth. var. nuda (Tul.)
Hassl. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 21: 219. 1919.
Leaflets broadly ovate, somewhat caudate acuminate, glabrous
above, more or less silvery pubescent beneath or sometimes glabrous,
commonly 1 dm. long, 6 cm. broad; racemes usually 2-3 dm. long,
sometimes panicled; pedicels short, silky pubescent as the calyces,
these 7-10 mm. long; banner nearly glabrous to densely appressed
sericeous, to 2 cm. long. The glabrous form may be designated var.
nuda (Tul.) Macbr., comb. nov. (C. nuda Tul. I.e.), which as to type
has a densely silky banner; however, the degree of pubescence on
banner is scarcely taxonomically significant so C. pauciflora may be
included in the var. nuda as an extreme state with even the banner
glabrate; this variation has been named C. floribunda var. intermedia
Hassl. I.e. As Harms suggested it could be treated as another variant
but it seems preferable to let variety C. nuda include it.
Apurimac: Rio Piene, Weberbauer 5630 (det. Harms as C. pauci-

flora'). Rio Acre: Ule 9457 (det. Harms as C. floribunda}. Bolivia
to Argentina and Brazil.
Dioclea dichrona Macbr., comb. nov. Cratylia mollis Mart, ex

Benth. Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 2: 132. 1838, not D. mollis
(Jacq.) DC. C. dichrona Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 104. 1930.
Younger branches and petioles densely and softly puberulent;

leaves long petioled, the broadly ovate or oval obtuse or obtusely
pointed leaflets finely and sparsely pilose above, densely and softly
subappressed villous beneath, usually 5-7 cm. broad, about 10 cm.
long; calyces densely pubescent, the trichomes usually silky and
closely appressed, the blunt lobes about half to nearly as long as
the tube; banner more or less silky pilose without to glabrous, to
2 cm. long; pods about 1 dm. long, 1.5 cm. broad, softly pubescent.
Variable in size of flowers and length of calyx-lobes; there may be
a varietal difference between the plant of Brazil and that of Peru,
the latter having slender pedicels at least in fruit, shorter calyx
lobes, thepubescence on the pods not so thick. F.M. Negs. 6303;
2400 (with an unpublished name after Mathews).
FLORA OF PERU 325
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 3927. Chazuta, King 4146.

Junin: La Merced, 5270 (type, C. dichrona); Killip & Smith 23563;
24053. Along Rio Perene', Killip & Smith 25132. Brazil.
Dioclea funalis Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 59. 1845.
Branchlets, peduncles and petioles densely pubescent with rusty
firm trichomes, the branches glabrate; petioles 5-6 cm. long; leaflets
oblong-elliptic, minutely and obliquely cordate at base, shortly and
abruptly acuminate, chartaceous-coriaceous, densely silky appressed
pilose beneath, soon glabrous above except along the nerves, about
8 cm. long, 5 cm. broad, or larger; racemes several dm. long, densely
hirsutulous-pilose, floriferous to below the middle; bractlets sub-
orbicular, scarcely 2 mm. long; calyces 15 mm. long, appressed silky
pilose; flowers about 2 cm. long, purple, the white keel curved;
alternate stamens sterile; pods to 2 dm. long, oblong, densely tomen-
tose. Seeds unknown; description as to flowers after Stork &
Horton
9592. F.M. Neg. 32008.
Huanuco: Cuchero and Pampayacu, Poeppig 1452, type. In red
clay, 1,300 meters, Puente Durand, Rio Chinchao, Stork & Horton
9592 (distr. as D. lasiocarpd).
Dioclea glabra Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 2: 133. 1838;

164.
Glabrous or essentially, except for a minute pubescence on the

calyx and, in the case of the Peruvian specimens, a sparse and
deciduous pilosity on the leaf-nerves beneath; stipules small, caducous,
not produced at base; petioles usually about 10 cm. long; leaflets
broadly oval, abruptly and shortly acuminate, 6-9 cm. broad, 8-16
cm. long; nodes of the flowers shortly stiped, produced to below the
middle of the long but robust peduncle; pedicels 2-4 mm. long;
bractlets minute, caducous; calyx- tube 8 mm. long, the broadly
ovate divisions 4-5 mm. long, the narrower lower one 6 mm. long;
banner complicate and provided with inflexed auricles, finally curved-
reflexed, about 12 mm. long; keel obtuse, beaked; ovary densely
villous, 2-3-ovuled, the style glabrous; pods 8-16 cm. long, 3-4.5
cm. broad, glabrous; seeds 2-3, oval, with short, oblong hilum.
D. bicolor Benth. I.e., 165, is apparently scarcely separable except
that the leaflets beneath and pods are more or less pubescent, the
latter 10-20 cm. long, 3-6 cm. broad. Flowers blue or lilac in the
Schunke specimens, white or rose-violet, fide Ducke. F.M. Neg.
32009.
Loreto: Mouth of Santiago,Tessmann 4540 (det. Harms).

Mishuyacu, Klug 236; 1024 (det. Killip). Rio Mazan, Schunke 352
(det. Standl.); 62 (distr. as D. bicolor). Brazil and Guiana.
Dioclea Huberi Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 172. 1922.
Glabrate or inconspicuously puberulent except the ample leaflets
beneath, these silvery with a close appressed pilosity, oval, broadly
rounded at base, shortly caudate-acuminate, commonly 9 cm. wide,
13-16 cm. long; nodes of the flower clusters shortly peduncled;
pedicels 2-3 mm. long; bractlets broadly ovate, about 2 mm. long,
moderately persisting; banner more than 1.5 cm. broad; anthers all
fertile; ovary long-pilose with 5 ovules; mature pod subligneous,
glabrate, sutures little enlarged, linear-oblong, 15-20 cm. long,
about 5 cm. broad, elastically dehiscing, the seeds often 4, oval,
about one-fourth encircled by the pale hilum. Probably a species
of Cratylia if that group is recognized. Illustrated, Ducke, Archiv.
Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4: pi. 7. F.M. Negs. 18396; 28071.
Loreto: Rio Mazan, Schunke 138 (det. Standl.). Mishuyacu,
Klug 644 (det. Killip). Brazil.
Dioclea lasiophylla Mart, ex Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.

Wien 2: 134. 1838; 166.
Densely to moderately velvety tomentose-pilose nearly through-

out including the pods, or the calyces merely closely appressed
strigillose as the leaves above in age; stipules minute, caducous;
petioles 2.5-5 cm. long; leaflets rounded at both ends, commonly
6-8 cm. long, 3.5-4.5 cm. broad; peduncles greatly elongating, the
flower-bearing nodes sessile; pedicels 4-6 mm. long; bractlets 2-3
mm. long, ovate; calyx- tube 6 mm. long or longer, the upper lobes
as long, the lower longer; flowers violet-purple, about 2.5 cm. long,
the banner ovate, emarginate; keel erostrate, subequaling the oblong
wings; pods about 7 cm. long, 1 cm. broad. F.M. Neg. 6310.
Peru (possibly). Bolivia; Brazil.
Dioclea leiantha (Mart.) Macbr., comb. nov. Cleobulia leiantha

Mart, ex Benth. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 168. 1859.
Densely rusty tomentose nearly throughout except the tubular-
campanulate, colored calyx, this glabrous or glabrate without, finely
sericeous within; larger leaflets 10 cm. long or longer, 7 cm. broad,
rounded at base and apex or acutish, more or less rugose- veined ;
banner about 14 mm. long, orbicular, slightly spreading; pods 7.5

FLORA OF PERU 327
cm. long, 2 cm. broad, appressed rusty pubescent, the reniform seeds
with semi-encircled linear hilum. There are two other allied species:
C. multiflora Mart., similar, but the calyx rusty villous, and C. dio-
cleoides Benth., the racemes lax, the banner strongly reflexed. The
genus Cleobulia, as remarked by Bentham and Hooker, was alto-

gether artificial.
Rio Acre (fide Ducke). Brazil.
Dioclea macracantha Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 408. 1908.
Similar to D. virgata but the leaflets minutely pubescent or

glabrate, broadly ovate, 7-8 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad; calyx-tube
about 15 mm. long, subequaled by the upper and lower narrow
lobes; banner to 4.5 cm. long, the keel with a few teeth on the upper
margin; pods 10-14 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad. D. fimbriata
Huber, I.e. 409, is similar but the leaflets are velvety pilose both
sides, the keel of the even larger flowers deeply fimbriate. F.M.
Neg. 2408.
Dioclea macrocarpa Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 410. 1908.

Glabrous, except sometimes the sparsely puberulent younger
branchlets and the young, rusty hispidulous pods; stipules minute,
ovate; petioles to 15 cm. long; leaflets ovate-elliptic or slightly
obovate, broadly rounded at base, abruptly and shortly acuminate,
finally subcoriaceous, 10-16 cm. long, 6-9 cm. broad; peduncles
glabrescent, the flower-bearing nodes often on peduncles 5-8 mm.
long; pedicels to 5 mm. long, the minute caducous bractlets only
1.5 mm. long; calyx campanulate, a little puberulent, the tube 8 mm.
long, the curved lower tooth as long; banner orbicular, clawed, the
inflexed auricles finally reflexed; keel obtusely rostrate; stamens all
fertile; ovary 5-ovulate; pods oblong, obliquely and transversely
rugose, 18-30 cm. long, 5-6 cm. broad, the orbiculate black seeds
with short elliptic hilum. Illustrated, Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot.
Rio Jan. 4: pi. 6. F.M. Neg. 28072.
Loreto: Iquitos (fide Ducke). Amazonian Brazil to the
Guianas.
Dioclea megacarpa Rolfe, Kew Bull. 139. 1901. D. densiflora

Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 5: 406. 1908, fide Amshoff.
Rather loosely villous hirsutulous especially the stems, long
petioles, leaves beneath and peduncles; stipules large, prolonged
beyond the insertion and more or less persisting; leaflets broadly

elliptic, rounded at base, abruptly and very shortly acuminate,
10-17 cm. long, 8-13 cm. broad, less densely pilose above than below;
peduncles densely flowered, the nodes sessile; bracts linear-lanceolate,
spreading or recurved, membranous, pilose, to 15 mm. long, the
subrotund bractlets 2-3 mm. long; flower-buds incurved, the velvety
calyx about 15 mm. long, the upper lobes broad, shortly 2-toothed,
gibbous at base, nearly equaled by the 2 lateral, ovate, subacute
teeth, the lowest tooth narrow and longer; banner 18-25 mm. long,
25 mm. broad, violet with yellow center; keel incurved; 5 anthers
reduced, sterile; pods 14-18 cm. long, 4-6 cm. broad, the upper
suture straight, rusty pubescent even in age; seeds 3 or 4, lustrous,
about 3 cm. broad, encircled two-thirds by the hilum. Fide Amshoff,
Med. Bot. Mus. Rijks Herb. Utrecht 52: 67. 1939, distinct from
D. reflexa Hook, which, however, is perhaps a variety of D. funalis;
the former as to type has lanceolate, more rigid, reflexed, appressed
pubescent bracts, the flower-buds straight or nearly so, both sutures
of the glabrate (mature) pod curved; D. funalis is imperfectly known,
and the following collection with red-violet flowers should perhaps
be referred to it, but as to pubescence it most resembles D. mega-
carpa. D. comosa (Meyer) Kuntze may be, fide Amshoff, D. reflexa
and is earlier (1818).
San Martin: Near Moyobamba, 1,200 meters, King 3435.

Colombia to Paraguay and Brazil; Trinidad; Tobago.
Dioclea ucayalina Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 262.

1925.
Stems, petioles and peduncles shortly and moderately to sparsely

appressed villous-strigillose; stipules apparently caducous; leaflets
ovate-elliptic,rounded at base, subabruptly and shortly acuminate,

glabrous above except on the midnerve or lateral nerves, shortly
and rather sparsely subappressed hispidulous beneath, especially
on the prominent reticulate veins, usually 8-10 cm. long, about
half as broad, or larger; peduncles elongate, the flower-bearing nodes
typically subsessile, the lower apparently sometimes pedicellate;
bracts linear-lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. long, soon deciduous; pedicels
4-7 mm. long; bractlets broader than long, nearly 3 mm. long;
calyx to 17 mm. long, the lowest tooth 8-10 mm. long, slightly
shorter than the tube; flowers glabrous, the suborbicular banner
shortly clawed, inflexed auriculate; keel shortly beaked, curved,
2.5 cm. long; ovary densely hirsute- villous. Differs according to
FLORA OF PERU 329
the author from D. densiflora Huber, i.e. D. megacarpa, in the small

bracts and shorter pubescence and from D. malacocarpa Ducke
(Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 170. 1922) in the sessile flower nodes
and the more pubescent leaves; the following Mexia specimens
should perhaps be referred to the Ducke species because the nodes
are pedicelled but they are scattered and remote; in D. malacocarpa
the nodes are approximate; certainly the species seem to be very
closely related, the fruit of D. ucayalina, however, being unknown.
The pod of D. malacocarpa is subcylindrical, 10-15 cm. long, 4-4.5 cm.
wide, 3.5-4 cm. thick, dense rusty hirsute with 2-5 opaque seeds
half encircled by the hilum. F.M. Neg. 2411.
Loreto: Yarina Cocha, flood-free wood, banner pale lilac, medially

yellowish spotted, Tessmann 3464, type. Rio Paranapura, flowers
lilac, violet and yellow, Klug 3935 (det. Standl., D. lasiocarpa).
Above Pongo de Manseriche, Rio Santiago, flowers pinkish-lilac,
Mexia 6326(1}.
Dioclea violacea Mart, ex Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien

2: 132. 1838; 162.
Branches and petioles somewhat fulvous pilose or becoming

glabrate; stipules semi-sagittate, the lanceolate lobes 6-8 mm. long;
leaflets ovate, laxly pilose beneath especially on the nerves, mostly
10 cm. long or longer, about 7 cm. broad, rounded or subcordate
at base, minutely acuminate; peduncles elongate; bracts linear,
8-12 mm. long, caducous; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; bractlets small,
orbiculate, deciduous; calyx tomentulose, the tube 8 mm. long,
the teeth allshorter, the upper one rounded; banner about 1.5 cm.
long, a third broader, the wings nearly 2 cm. long, the shorter keel
subrostrate; pods glabrate at maturity, 1 dm. long or somewhat
longer, 4-6 cm. broad, 1.5-2 cm. thick, the nearly straight upper
suture strongly dilated, the lower scarcely at all and curved; seeds
2-4, half encircled by the linear hilum.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, Klug 696. Brazil to the Guianas.
Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amsh. Med. Bot. Rijks Herb. Utrecht

52: 69. 1939. Dolichos virgatus Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1:
111. 1792. Dioclea lasiocarpa Mart, ex Benth. Ann. Naturh.
Hofmus. Wien 2: 133. 1838; 166.
Minutely strigillose nearly throughout or the leaves more or less
finely pilose beneath and well marked by the papery pinkish or
pale more or less prominent deciduous bractlets, 5-10 mm. long;
flower-bearing nodes subsessile or the lower pedicellate, borne rather

remotely; pedicels pubescent, slender, about as long as the suboval
bractlets; calyx glabrous or nearly, the tube to 1 cm. long; flowers
lilac, the banner 2-2.5 cm. long; anthers all fertile; ovary villous,
usually 10-ovulate, the pod unless at maturity rusty bristly, 7-12

cm. long, 2 cm. wide, the upper suture enlarged; seeds oblong, half
encircled by the linear hilum. Woytkowski noted the flowers pale
violet purple with fine streaks ofdark purple, white toward the base,
slightly fragrant. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 44.
Huanuco: Monzon, Weberbauer 3616 (det. Harms). Shapajilla,

630 meters, Woytkowski 37 (det. Standl., D. funalis). Junin:
Puerto Yessup, Killip & Smith 26312. Puerto Bermudez, Killip
& Smith 26409. Loreto: Pucalpa, middle Ucayali, Tessmann 3104
(det. Harms). Soledad, Tessmann 5178 (det. Harms). Lower Rio
Nanay, Williams 319; 640. Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 27945.
Mishuyacu, Killip & Smith 29895; King 1211; 1459. Florida,
Klug 2052. Balsapuerto, King 3030. Iquitos, Killip & Smith
27335 (glabrate). Brazil to Colombia and the Guianas.
28. CYMBOSEMA Benth.

Similar to Dioclea but the upper calyx-tooth bidentate, the banner
oblong ovate, the stamens connate except the vexillar, and the pods
broadly oblong, only three times longer than broad.
Cymbosema roseum Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 61. 1840.

& Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 59. 1845.
Dioclea purpurea Poepp.
High climbing, the semiherbaceous stems above as well as the

long petioles and peduncles minutely appressed strigillose; leaflets
oblong-elliptic, 7-13 cm. long, 3.5-7 cm. broad, membranous, finely
reticulate- veined, slightly strigose above, rather to densely hirtellous
beneath; peduncles floriferous only above the middle, the sessile
nodes 2-3-flowered; flowers 3 cm. long or longer, deep rose or purple;
calyx about 10 mm. long, somewhat gibbous at base, sparsely and
minutely strigillose, the lanceolate acute teeth shorter than the tube,
the uppermost minutely 2-toothed; ovary densely silky pilose; pods
sessile, about 5 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, glabrate at maturity with
3-6 lustrous seeds semi-encircled by the linear hilum. Illustrated,
Loreto: Rancho Indiana near Iquitos, Mexia 6419 (det. Standl.,

D. lasiocarpa). Rio Mazan, Jose Schunke 34 (det. Killip). Rio
Nanay, Williams 530. British Guiana to Paraguay.
FLORA OF PERU 331
29. GALACTIA P. Br.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, often twining plants with pinnately

3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets (rarely 1-7) stipellate.
Stipules small
or deciduous. Flowers geminate or fasciculate in axillary racemes
(rarely pseudo-fasciculate), the bracts often setaceous, the bractlets
minute. Calyx lobes subulate, 4. Keel of the small or sometimes
showy corolla erostrate. Stamens 10, the vexillar free; anthers
uniform. Style slender, glabrous. Pods sessile, narrow, pubescent,
straight or incurved, compressed, slightly septate between the 5-12
seeds. Genus in need of revision.
Flowers fascicled axillary, the racemes greatly reduced . .G. shumbae.
Flowers evidently racemose.
Flowers 1 cm. long or shorter.
Leaflets obtuse or acute, variable but not ovate-acuminate.
Leaflets suborbicular, 3 cm. wide or wider; calyx spreading
villous (Peruvian var.) G. Jussiaeana.
Leaflets oblong or ovate elliptic; calyx appressed pubescent.
G. striata.
Leaflets ovate-acuminate G. Killipiana.
Flowers 11-16 mm. long.
Pedicels partly fasciculate, 1-3 mm. long; flowers 11-13 mm.
long G. Augusti.
Pedicels geminate, 4-5 mm. long; flowers about 15 mm. long.
G. Cesari.
Galactia Augusti Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 16. 1924.
Slender-stemmed vine, appressed pilose throughout except the

glabrate calyx, the trichomes fine, not dense enough to conceal the
surface; petioles 1-3 cm. long; leaflets 3, elliptic or slightly obovate,
rounded at each end but mucronate apically, mostly 2-4 cm. long,
1-2 cm. broad; racemes usually somewhat longer than the leaves,
2-7 cm. long, the flowers, at least the upper, fasciculate on pedicels
only 1-2 (3) mm. long; bractlets broadly lanceolate, acute, 2-2.5 mm.
long; calyx 7-8 mm. long, the lanceolate acute lower teeth to 4.5
mm. long, the lateral shorter; corolla glabrous, purple, to 13 mm.
Huancavelica: Below Colcabamba, Valley of the Rio Mantaro,
2,000 meters, August Weberbauer 6459, type.
Galactia Cesari Macbr., spec. nov.

Herba prostrata vel volubilis; caulibus ut videtur inferne plus
minusve lignescentibus, superne adpresse piloso-strigillosis; petiolis
1-2 cm. longis; foliolis ovali-ellipticis vel subrotundatis, membran-
aceis, sparse adpresse pilosis praecipue subtus, plerumque 8-10 mm.
latis, 10-14 mm. longis; racemis 4-8 cm. longis; pedicellis geminatis
5-7 mm. longis; calyce mediocriter adpresse piloso 9.5 mm. longo,
dente infimo fere 5 mm. longo; floribus glabris 16-18 mm. longis,
vexillo obovato 9 mm. lato; ovario dense adpresseque piloso. This
plant was distributed as G. Augusti to which indeed it seems to be
more closely allied than to any other species, but is distinct in its
smaller leaves and larger flowers borne only in pairs. A further
species that may be related, known to me only from the meager
description (and one leaflet) is G. montana Britton, Bull. Torrey
Club 16: 324. 1889, of Bolivia, described as having oblong leaflets,
softly pubescent branchlets, racemes shorter than the leaves. Ac-
cording to the collectors an attractive little prostrate vine, the
banner and wings rose or dark rose, the keel paler. The choice
of name is with my friend's permission and commemorates his sojourn
at Field Museum in 1941.
Cuzco: In rocks, Hacienda Paucartica, 3,100 meters, Cesar

Vargas 161, type. Apurimac: Clambering over rocks, Pachachaca
Valley, 2,100 meters, Stork, Horton & Vargas 10566. "Trebol
sylvestre."
Galactia Jussiaeana Kunth, Mim. 196. pi. 55. 1824.
Suffruticose, twining, more or less pilose or villous especially the

upper stems and racemes or apparently typically erect and white
silky tomentose nearly throughout; leaflets elliptic to suborbicular
or typically oblongish; flowers few, clustered or in short racemes,
only tardily remote; banner reflexed, spreading, about 1 cm. long;
calyx 6-8 mm. long, the teeth at least twice as long as tube; pods
5-6 cm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, tomentose or short-villous. Highly
variable species as to habit, pubescence and shape of leaves or not
understood and several included as interpreted here. The var.
volubilis Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 143. 1859, resembles
the Peruvian plant in habit, but at least as to type is softly white
pubescent; to however, have been referred collections from the
it,
Galapagos Islands which are green, lightly more or less appressed

pilose except for the slender stems and calyces, these with more
spreading trichomes. These specimens differ from G. Jussiaeana
FLORA OF PERU 333
further, at least from the typical form, in their suborbicular leaflets,

in this character suggesting G. obovata Malme, Arkiv. Bot. 23A,
no. 13: 88. 1931, commonly erect, and G. remansoana Harms, Bot.
Jahrb. 42: 216. 1908, but the leaves in this are only half as large,
thick, reticulate and with spreading pubescence. In view of these
differences it seems desirable to define the Peruvian plant at least
varietally and it may become G. Jussiaeana var. peruviana Macbr.,
var. nov., suffruticosa, volubilis; foliis late obovatis vel suborbiculatis
plerumque 3 (5) cm. latis, 4 (5) cm. longis, leviter et appresse pilosis
imprimis subtus; bracteis calycibusque dense et molliter villosis.
Tumbez: In deciduous bushwood, Ricaplaya, 150 meters,
Weberbauer 7733 (type, var. peruviana). Piura: Talara, Haught 85.
Ancash: Huailas to Mato, (Raimondi). West Indies, tropical South
America and Central America.
Galactia Killipiana Macbr., spec. nov.

Herbavolubilis; caulibus petiolis pedunculisque sparse strigillosis
demum glabris; petiolis 3 cm. longis; foliolis late ovato-lanceolatis,
gradatim acuminatis, basi marginulatis vel rotundatis membranaceis
utrinque tenuiter reticulatis, supra glabris, subtus pallidioribus et
minute adpresseque strigillosis, subaequalibus, terminalibus 6-8 cm.
longis, 3-4 cm. latis; pedunculis circa 8 cm. longis, racemis 10-15 cm.
longis; pedicellis plerumque 2-3, vix 2 mm. longis; bracteis lanceolatis
circa 1.5 mm. longis, bracteolis minutis; calycis leviter adpresse
strigillosis circa 6 mm. longis laciniis tubo longioribus anguste lanceo-
latis, acutissimis; floribus 10 mm. longis, vexillum circa 5 mm.
latum; leguminibus (valde immaturis) adpresse pubescentibus 5 cm.

longis, 7 mm. latis. Nearest apparently Colombian species (un-
described) and not to be included in G. striata (Jacq.) Urb. or G.
tenuiflora (Klein) Wright & Arn. however these may be interpreted.
Junin: La Merced, wooded valley, Killip & Smith 30675 (type,
U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Galactia shumbae Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 16. 1924.

Depressed shrub, the branches prostrate or ascending, the younger
as the leaves beneath and petioles more or less hirsute- villous;
obovate or subrotund, some-
petioles 1-2 cm. long; leaflets 3, broadly
times retuse, strongly reticulate, especially beneath in age, mostly
about 1.5 cm. broad and long; peduncles 1-1.5 cm. long, seemingly
1-flowered, the flowers thus appearing fascicled in the axils; calyx
lightly hirsutulous, 7-8 mm. long, the lanceolate teeth acute; flowers
purple, glabrous, scarcely 10 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 2395.
Cajamarca: In rainy-green shrubs between Valley of the Shumba

and Jae"n, Weberbauer 6180, type.
Galactia stria ta (Jacq.) Urb. Symb. Ant. 2: 320. 1900. Glycine

striata Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 1: 32. pi. 76. 1770. G. tenuiflora (Klein)
Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or. 1: 206. 1834(?).
Perennial vine, the long more or less densely pubescent stems
becoming glabrous and woody below; leaflets 3, typically ovate-
elliptic, subequally narrowed at both ends, rounded or very obtuse,
minutely mucronate, usually 3-4 cm. long and about half as broad,
sometimes smaller or somewhat larger, membranous, more or less
appressed pilose above or especially beneath; racemes often elongat-
ing and thus many-flowered, the pedicels 2-2.5 mm. long; calyces
appressed pubescent, 7 mm. long, the lanceolate teeth twice as long
as the tube; banner 8-9 mm. long; pods straight or slightly incurved,
4-7 cm. long, 6-9 mm. broad, more or less densely pubescent.
According to Urban, whose interpretation of this variable vine is
followed, G. tenuiflora has calyx 4mm. long, corolla 8 mm. long, pods
only about 4 cm. long, arcuate-incurved; but it seems probable that
there is one variable species concerned. The Willd. Herb, specimen
of Klein's species is represented in Field Museum by F.M. Neg.
2397. The
following specimens exhibit great variation in leaves
from rotund to oblong-elliptic and as they are only in fruit may not
all belong here.
Cajamarca: Cayacati, (Raimondi). Junin: Vine in sandy valley
floor, La Merced, 5471. Huanuco: Trail on stony slope, Mito, 3262.
Prostrate on sparsely shrubby slope, Yanano, 3790. Cuzco (?) Vargas :
1720 (fide Schubert). Widely distributed.
30. COLLAEA DC.

Like Galactia but at least characteristically shrubs with showy
flowers, the petals broad, the vexillar stamen connate medially.
Genus retained here for convenience, as the one representative in
Peru is a prominent part of the Andean flora at middle elevations
and because of its habit seems entirely aberrant among the twining
species of Galactia. That genus, however, except as here in floristic
work should be drawn to include it as suggested by Bentham and
followed by Britton.
Collaea speciosa DC. Mem. Leg. 6: 245. pi. 40. 1825. Galactia
speciosa (DC.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 16: 262. 1889.
FLORA OF PERU 335
Shrub 1-3 meters high, with oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate

leaflets and short racemes of showy usually rose-red flowers; branch-
lets virgate,densely appressed silky pilose as also the peduncles,
pedicels and calyces;leaflets ordinarily 5-7 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad,
acute at both ends, pale green and glabrous above, densely tomen-
tulose beneath, the midnerve and veins hirsute-pilose; racemes
shorter than the leaves, the pedicels about 1.5 cm. long; calyx to
2 cm. long, the tube equaled by the longest lanceolate acute tooth,
the other teeth broader, shorter; corolla to 3 cm. long, the banner
lightly pilose without; pods densely reddish-brown tomentose, 7 cm.
long, 14 mm. broad. The shrub is ordinarily open in growth with
remote, virgate branches, the pubescence especially on the calyces
reddish-brown; according to Stork & Horton the wood is hard.
Woytkowski has observed that the flower-buds are dark red, the
opening flower "takes a deeper hue until it reaches a deep violet-
purple color" or bluish (Stork & Horton). The type was sent to
DeCandolle from Madrid by Lagasca, probably part of a collection
by Ruiz & Pavon from Huassahuassi. Common in central and
southern Peru in open shrub-lands and on canyon sides.
Huanuco: Near Huanuco, Woytkowski. Carpish, open spaces,
2,800 meters, Stork & Horton 9906. Mito, canyon sides, 1369.
Pampayacu, Kanehira 245. Near Panao, 2221. Junin: Near Hua-
capistana, Killip & Smith 24118; 24478; (Weberbauer, 248).
Hacienda Cabello above Huertas, canyon slope, 1333. Huancavelica:
Near Salcabamba, 3,300 meters, Stork & Horton 10302. Cuzco:
Machu-picchu, 2,200 meters, Stork, Horton & Vargas 10509; Vargas
803; Herrera 3225; Soukup 129. Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,500 meters,
Pennell 13999. Near Acharini, Vargas 11127. Puno: Rocky slopes
of Limbane as far as Agualani, 2,500 to 3,400 meters, Vargas 9640;
1315; (Weberbauer, 237). "Chchogara," "chuchullagoi," "micullu,"
"huayana-picchu" (Herrera).
31. CALOPOGONIUM Desv.

Reference: Stenolobium Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 138-
141. 1859.
Rather coarse, more or less lignescent and pubescent vines with

pinnately 3-foliate leaves and small flowers borne in fascicles at
thickened points on elongating axillary racemes. Calyx campanu-
late or tubular, the upper teeth distinct, connate or bidentate.
Vexillar stamen free. Otherwise similar to Galactia.
Calopogonium coeruleum (Benth.) Sauv. Ann. Acad. Havana

5: 337. 1869. Stenolobium coeruleum Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.
Wien 2: 125. 1838; 139.
Densely to lightly pubescent, the trichomes especially on the

leaves beneath usually closely appressed; leaflets irregularly rhom-
boid-ovate, oblong or acutish, 4-12 cm. long, 2-7 cm. broad; racemes
finally 2-3 dm. long, the flowers several-6 at each node, shortly
pedicelled; bracts and bractlets 4 mm. long; calyx 4 mm. long, the
narrow teeth shorter or nearly as long as the tube; corolla violet,
7 mm. long (10); pods about 4-6 cm. long, 6-8 mm. broad. C.
mucunoides Desv. (Stenolobium brachycarpum Benth., 140) is similar,
but the calyx attains 6 mm. and the teeth are subulate, the 3 lower
much longer than the tube; C. velutinum (Benth.) Amsh. (Stenolobium
velutinum Benth., 139) has a tubular calyx 8 mm. long, the lanceolate
teeth shorter than the tube. C. coeruleum as interpreted varies here
(determinations by Standley except as noted) in density of pubes-
cence, the leaves beneath permanently softly villous or glabrescent,
the latter apparently var. glabrescens (Benth.) Malme, Arkiv. Bot.
23A, no. 13: 87. 1931.
San Martin: Near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, Klug 3334.
Juanjui, 500 meters, Klug 4338. Loreto: Pumayacu, Klug 3184.
Puno: Chunchosmayo, Prov. Sandia, Weberbauer 1179 (det. Berlin,
C. velutinum var.). Rio Acre: Ule 9462 (det. Harms). Tropical
South America to Central America and the West Indies.
32. RHYNCHOSIA Lour.
Herbs, more or less suffrutescent, the Peruvian twining. Leaves
pinnately or subdigitately 3-foliolate, the leaflets at least beneath

with resinous glands. Stipules ovate or lanceolate. Flowers yellow
in axillary usually geminate racemes, the bracts caducous. Calyx
with 4 or 5 teeth, the 2 upper more or less united. Banner biorbicu-
late; keel broader than the wings, incurved, obtuse. Stamens
diadelphous, the vexillar free, the anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile,
2-ovuled, the style filiform, glabrous. Pod compressed, narrow to
broadly oblong, usually with 2 seeds, dehiscent.
Pods clearly constricted between the seeds; leaflets often 5cm. wide
or wider R- pyramidalis.
Pods not or obscurely constricted.
Flowers 10-12 mm. long; calyces and pods glandular.
R. mantaroensis.
FLORA OF PERU 337
Flowers 4-6 mm. long; calyces and pods obscurely if at all glan-
dular.
Pods puberulent, the ovary densely ashy pilose; leaflets often

2 cm. wide or smaller R. minima.
Pods somewhat setose, the ovary densely yellow-hispid; leaflets
often 3 cm. wide or wider R. apoloensis.
Rhynchosia apoloensis (Rusby) Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4:

91. 1925. Dolicholus apoloensis Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:
515. 1910.
Shortly hispidulous or pilose throughout or the broadly rhomboid

leafletsand upper stems glabrate; petioles 1.5^4 cm. long; mature
leaflets usuallyabout 4 cm. broad, 5 cm. long, acuminate; racemes
to 1 dm.
long, rather laxly many-flowered, the flowers 6-7 mm. long
on pedicels 1.5-2 mm. long; calyx lobes lance-subulate, unequal,
punctate glandular but scarcely viscid; ovary densely hispid, the
pods sparsely so, 1.5 cm. long, half as broad. The Williams collec-
tions except 6747, det. Standl., were distributed as R. minima. Cf.
R. melanosticta Griseb. typically of southern South America.
Junin: In hedge rows on sandy flat, La Merced, 5304,' Killip
& Smith 23420. San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5444; 5507; 5580;
6598; 6747 (Ule, det. Harms). Juanjui, King 4201; 4371. Vene-
zuela; Bolivia.
Rhynchosia mantaroensis Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 105.

1930.
Sufiruticose at base, the branches, petioles and peduncles softly

and shortly reddish pubescent, finally glabrate; petioles about 2 cm.
long; leaflets rhombic-deltoid, subequal, usually 3 cm. long, 2 cm.
broad, sometimes small, scarcely acute, the younger softly pilose
above, beneath especially on the veins reddish pilose and prominently
reticulate; racemes viscidly hispidulous-pilose, laxly about 10-
flowered, 6-8 cm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long, the bracts about twice
as long; calyx-teeth scarcely equaling the tube; banner glabrous
except toward the tip, lightly pilose and black punctate; pod oblong,
2 cm. long, about half as broad, viscid pilose. Nearly R. melano-
sticta Griseb. and R. reticulata (Sw.) DC., species of southern South
America or the West Indies, but differ in the glandular pubescence.
Huancavelica: Rainy-green shrubwood, 2,800 meters, Weberbauer
7606, type; Killip & Smith 23344. Apurimac: Near Trancapata,
among shrubs, 2,900 meters, Vargas 9623. Pincos, Stork & Norton
10669. Cuzco: Mayhua, Vargas 877.
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Prodr. 2: 385. 1825. Dolichos

minimus L. Sp. PI. 726. 1753.
More or less puberulent especially on the slender stems, petioles,

peduncles and on leaves beneath; racemes remotely, usually very
remotely, flowered, the yellowish tinged with purple or red flowers
4-5 (6) mm. long; ovary densely ashy-pilose, the oblong pod merely
puberulent, 1.5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, with ellipsoid black seeds
somewhat emarginate on one side. The pods are narrow toward
the base. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 54.
Lima: Trailing in banana grove, 544* Junin: On low shrubs in
sand of stream bed, La Merced, Killip & Smith 24050. Libertad :
Pacasmayo, (Raimondi). Widely distributed in warm areas.
Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb. Repert. Sp. Nov. 15:

318. 1918. Dolichos pyramidalis Lam. Encycl. 2: 296. 1786. R.
phaseoloides (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 2: 385. 1825. Glycine phaseoloides
Sw. Prodr. 2: 105. 1788.
Vigorous liana, at once recognizable in fruit by the black and
scarlet seeds that are visible in the mature pods dehiscent along one
suture; lower stems flattened and sometimes a cm. broad or larger;
upper branches as the petioles and leaves beneath rather softly short
pilose; rhomboid leaflets often 5-10 cm. broad, acuminate; flowers
8-10 mm. long, numerous, the racemes to 3 dm. long; pods puberu-
lent, 2-2.5 cm. long or when rarely 1-seeded shorter, the black
seeds scarlet about the hilum, variable in the extent of the red
coloring. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1. pi. 54-
Junin: Along Rio Perene", Killip &
Smith 25201. La Merced,
5805. Tropical America. "Mulungu."
33. CAJANUS DC.

Bushy erect herb, the virgate upper stems densely leafy with
pinnately 3-foliate leaves, the leaflets glandular-dotted beneath.
Flowers in axillary racemes, solitary or panicled. Bracts deciduous,
bractlets wanting. Calyx campanulate, 4-toothed, the upper tooth
bifid. Banner clawed, calloused and auricled basally, the oblique
keel Vexillar stamen free.
incurved. Anthers uniform. Style
dilated and glabrous above the middle, the stigma oblique. Pods
compressed, the seeds separated, orbiculate.
FLORA OF PERU 339
Ca janus bicolor DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 85. 1813; Prodr. 2:

406. 1825. C. indicus Spreng. Syst. 3: 248. 1826. Cytisus Cajan L.
Sp. PI. 739. 1753. C. Cajan (L.) Millspaugh, Field Mus. Bot. 2:
53. 1900.
A shrub 1 to several meters high, the narrowly elliptic-lanceolate
acute leaflets 4-9 cm. long, minutely but densely puberulent both
sides, moreor less cinereously beneath; flowers yellow streaked with
red, nearly 2 cm. long; calyces about 1 cm. long, shortly rusty- villous
as the pods, these 5-8 cm. long, the 5 (usually) seeds sometimes
marked with purple. The Millspaugh name is to all intent a repeti-
tion of the generic name. Cultivated for the delicious green beans.
Huanuco: In fence row, #055. San Martin: Tarapoto, field,
Williams 6694; 7306 (f). Loreto: Iquitos, clearing, Killip Smith &
27151; King 171; Mexia 6505. Yurimaguas, Williams 4295; 4339.
Rio Nanay, Williams 1284- Tropical and subtropical regions.
"Frijoles de monte," "puspo-poroto."
34. ERIOSEMA DC.

Similar to Rhynchosia except that the petiole and rachis are very
short and, especially, the seeds are affixed at one end to a linear hilum.
Eriosema rufum (HBK.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 347. 1832.

Glycine rufa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 423. pi. 574- 1824.
Densely reddish-brown villous throughout, the woody stem erect,
usually several dm. high; stipules 6-8 mm. long, free; petioles 6-10
mm. long, the oblong leaflets several to 8 cm. long, acutish or obtuse,
reticulate beneath; racemes subsessile, ovoid, scarcely more than 2.5
cm. long, the crowded flowers nodding, about 8 mm. long, on pedicels
2 mm. long or shorter; banner pubescent; calyx- teeth longer than
the tube; pod 12 mm. long, half as broad.
San Martin: Pampas near Tarapoto, Ule 6535 (det. Harms);
Williams 5801; 5833; 6523; 6524. Brazil to the Guianas, and
Colombia.
35. CENTROSEMA DC.

Rather similar to Clitoria but the leaves sometimes palmately
5-7-foliate or with a solitary leaflet, the calyx campanulate, the
lower tooth often elongated, the banner usually shortly keeled or
lightly gibbous above a claw, the nearly as long keel suborbicular,
the style glabrous at the tip or the stigmatic portion puberulent,
the pod usually subsessile, margined or winged (or with 2 nerves
along the edge) and with many oblong separated seeds. The genus
is probably artificial; the name has been conserved against Bradbury a.
Leaves with a single sagittate leaflet C. sagittatum.

Leaves with 3 leaflets or if rarely with only 1, this not sagittate.
Leaflets, at least mostly, 5-6 cm. wide to much wider; bractlets
broad, inclosing the shorter calyx; hilum linear.
Stems lineately wing-margined; bractlets obtuse.
Pods about one- third as broad as long; stipules broad.
C. triquetrum.
Pods much narrower in proportion to width; stipules narrow.
C. roseum.
Stems merely striate.
Bractlets obtuse; pods 1 cm. wide or wider.

Bractlets shorter than calyx C. latidens.
Bractlets much longer than calyx C. Plumieri.
Bractlets acuminate; pods narrower C. prehensile.
Leaflets, at least most of them, much narrower; bractlets often

narrower than ovate, longer or shorter than the calyx; hilum
small (cf. C. prehensile).
Calyx-teeth subequal, narrow, all longer than the tube.

C. virginianum.
Calyx-teeth unequal.
Lower calyx-tooth subulate and somewhat longer than the
tube.
Pods straight C. macrocarpum.
Pods curved C. capitatum.
Lower calyx- tooth 4 mm. long, about equaling the tube.
C. brasilianum.
Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.

Wien 2: 118. 1838. Clitoria brasiliana L. Sp. PL 753. 1753.
Like C. macrocarpum but typically with glabrous linear leaflets,
broadly falcate ovate bractlets, these 8 mm. broad, the lower calyx-
tooth subequaling the tube or only 4 mm. long. Probably both
C. pubescens Benth., which compare under C. macrocarpum, and the
latter could appropriately be considered as varieties of the Linnaean
plant.
Loreto: Prov. Pucate, (Raimondi, det. Dahlem). Warm South
America.
FLORA OF PERU 341
Centrosema capitatum (Rich.) Amsh. Med. Bot. Rijks Herb.

Utrecht 52: 63. 1939. Clitoria capitata Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Paris 1:111. 1792.
Apparently scarcely distinguishable in flower from C. macro-

car pum but glabrous or glabrate; flowers 2 cm. long, creamy white
or the banner striped with purple; pods linear, strongly curved, 1-1.5
dm. long, 6 mm. broad, glabrate at maturity.
Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27411 (det. Killip). Guianas.
Centrosema latidens Killip & Macbr., spec. nov.

Suffruticosum, volubile; caulibus striatis,sparse et breviter
hispidulis demum glabratis; stipulis ovatis, acutis, ut videtur circa
8 mm. longis; petiolis elongatis; petiolulis circa 5 mm. longis dense
hirsutulis; foliolis late oblongo-elliptico-ovatis, basi oblique rotun-
datis, apice subabrupte caudato-acuminatis, 15 cm. longis, 7-8 cm.
latis fere membranaceis, ubique imprimis subtus tenuiter reticulato-
venulosis, subtus praecipue ad nervos minute vel obscure rufo-
hirsutulis; racemis ad 10 cm. longis; pedicellis 3 mm. longis; bracteolis
late ovatis, obtusis, vix 1 cm. longis, striatis; calyce 15-18 mm. longo,
tubo 5 mm. longo, dentibus subaequalibus, ovatis, acutis vel late
acuminatis, fere 1 cm. longis, dense rufo-puberulis; vexillo puberulo
leviter gibbo, 2.5 cm. longo. Allied to C. dasyanthum Benth. of
Brazil but that species has oblong, acuminate leaflets about 4 cm.
wide and very short racemes. Collectors noted the flowers as pinkish-
purple with some yellow tinting.
Loreto: Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27108 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Centrosema macrocarpum Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2:

59. 1840.
Young stems and petioles lightly pilose, finally glabrate; leaflets

ovate, shortly acuminate, membranous but firm, prominently reticu-
late-veined especially beneath, 5-10 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. broad,
glabrous or nearly, borne on petioles about as long as the several-
flowered peduncles, these 2.5^4 cm. long; bracteoles and shorter
calyx-teeth subequal, 1-1.5 cm. long, the lower longer calyx-tooth
to 1.5 mm. long; pods narrowly oblong, straight, margined, 2 dm.
long or longer at maturity, glabrous or nearly. The white or slightly
pinkish softly pubescent flowers are 3-4 cm. long. C. pubescent
Benth. is similar, but the leaves are typically, at least on the nerves,
obviously pubescent beneath; cf. C. brasilianum (L.) Benth. The
species name has been "corrected" by some authors to read macro-

carpon.
Loreto: Caballo-Cocha, Williams 2189. British Guiana; Co-
lombia.
Centrosema Plumieri (Turp.) Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.

Wien 2: 118. 1838. Clitoria Plumieri Turp. ex Pers. Syn. PI. 2:
303. 1807.
Vigorous but rather slender-stemmed lightly hirsutulous or

glabrate vine, the ovate-rhombic leaflets often several cm. broad
and about 1 dm. long; racemes usually several-flowered, the purplish
or reddish white corollas to 5 cm. long; banner calcarate; bractlets
ovate, obtuse, to 2 cm. long, 1.5 cm. broad; upper calyx- teeth nearly
obsolete, the 3 lower about 2 mm. long; pod oblong, glabrous, 1-1.5
dm. long, 1 cm. broad, the longitudinal ribs 2.5-3 mm. distant from
the sutures.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, 4602. Junin: La Merced, Killip & Smith
23766. San Martin: Lamas, Raimondi. Loreto: Near Yurimaguas,
(Sandemari) Widely distributed in Warm America. "Chucho de
.
burro."
Centrosema prehensile Ducke, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11:

584. 1932.
More or less grayish pubescent with prehensile trichomes; stipules

to 8 mm. long, lanceolate, striate; stipels subulate, 4-6 mm. long;
petioles elongate with broadly oblong or lanceolate-ovate leaflets
to 15 cm. long, 9 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at base, gradually
acuminate, finely and laxly reticulate, glabrate above; flowers few;
bracteoles acuminate to 2 cm. long or longer; calyx to 1 cm. long,
the lower tooth subequaling or longer than the tube; flowers typically
white, the banner with violet spots, to 5.5 cm. long and nearly as
broad; pods fide author similar to those of C. brasilianum. In
Killip & Smith 29069 the petals are pinkish-white and the tip of
the style is minutely and lineately puberulent, in this respect ap-
proaching Clitoria; the banner however is distinctly spurred above
the claw. I was proposing this as a variety of C. vexillatum Benth.
of the Guianas and Amazon but Killip has called to my attention
the Ducke name; the plant of Bentham is soon glabrous, bractlets
acute.
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 29069; 28191; 27950 (all
det. Killip). Amazonian Brazil.
FLORA OF PERU 343
Centrosema roseum Huber, Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4: 570. 1906.
Stems ligneous below, glabrous, triangular, narrow-winged; leaves

large, the acutely angled petioles 7 cm. long, the rachis 2 cm. long,
the stipules linear-lanceolate, acute, 4-5 mm. long; leaflets broadly
ovate or elliptic, 14-16 cm. long, 9-12 cm. broad, often subcordate
at base, abruptly caudate (the acumen 10-15 mm. long), firm, mem-
branous, glabrous above, puberulent on the nerves beneath, drying
black; petiolules 5-6 mm. long; peduncles geminate, 7-14 cm. long,
5-8-flowered; bracts broadly ovate, deciduous, the elliptic or ovate
bractlets 16-18 mm. long, 11-12 mm. broad, obtuse or apiculate,
minutely puberulent; calyx broadly and obliquely campanulate, the
lower tooth subequaling the tube, the nearly completely connate
upper 2 a little shorter; banner a beautiful rose- violet color, retuse,
to 4.5 cm. broad, densely rusty tomentose or subsericeous, not at
all keeled but with sigmoid-incurved claw; pod (immature), 17 mm.
broad, distinctly stiped, the sutural wings approximate, long (to

4 cm.) caudate. Apparently from negs. nearly C. platycarpum Benth.
as suggested by the author but may differ from the Brazilian species
as the latter has, according to description, banner shortly gibbous
and the pod wings distant; however, according to Ducke it is C.
triquetrum. Illustrated, Huber, I.e. 571.
Loreto: Rio Chipurana, Pampa del Sacramento, (Huber 1550,
type).
Centrosema sagittatum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Brandg. ex Riley,

Kew Bull. 344. 1923. Glycine sagittata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
in Enum. Hort. Berol. 757. 1809. C. hastatum Benth. Ann. Naturh.
Hofmus. Wien 2: 120. 1838.
Slender or the upper twining stems nearly filiform, glabrous or
nearly, the long petiole of the hastate-cordate acuminate solitary
conspicuously wing-margined, the wing discontinuous slightly
leaflets
below the junction of the leaf blade and there tipped by the two
setaceous stipules; peduncles usually geminate, 2-several-flowered;
bractlets 6-8 mm. long, acute; calyx- tube usually 6 mm. long, the
narrow teeth about as long, subequal; flowers 2-3 cm. long; pods
glabrous, obtuse, linear, to 10 cm. long.
Junin: La Merced, 5392. San Martin: Juanjui, King 4^23.
Brazil and Patagonia to Central America and the West Indies.
Centrosema triquetrum Benth. Gen. PI. 1: 528. 1865. C.

latissimum Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 166. pi. 13. 1922.
Similar to C. roseum; stems, petioles and petiolules mostly dis-

tinctly depressed-winged; stipules as to type often 1, rarely 1.5 cm.
long and nearly as broad; flowers pale rose, sometimes nearly white;
banner calcarate; pods at maturity 12 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad,
tipped by the persisting curved subligneous style, this about 2 cm.
long, the pod valves marginally biwinged; seeds 2, orbicular, 3 cm.
long, 2.5 cm. broad, 3-4 mm. thick, greenish brown, slightly lustrous,
about three-fourths circled by the filiform hilum (after Ducke).
Apparently this is C. platycarpum Benth. (cf. Mart. Fl. Bras. 15,
pt. 1: 126. 1859) as to Peruvian material so named; the latter species
according to Ducke has pods 17 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, the longi-
tudinal wings as much as 1.5 cm. from the suture.
Woytkowski noted: "Clambers over trees to a height of 5 meters
and announces its presence by the strong pleasant fragrance of the
brilliant rose-purple blossoms; these are large and lovely and droop
down in profusion and cover the ground beneath as they fall around
the tree. The broad banner has a paler red margin with a slight
brownish base on the outer side, the radiating veins form thick,
nearly white stripes; the calyx is very pale green, the leaves dark
green, polished. The older strong thick stems are triangular."
F.M. Negs. 21824 (Spruce collections) 28029.
;
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4906 (distr. as C. platycarpum};

Williams 5651. Rioja, 900 meters, Woytkowski 13 (det. Standl.).
Loreto: Yurimaguas, Williams 41%4- Iquitos, Tessmann 5152 (det.
Harms). Mouth of Santiago, Tessmann 4383 (affine, det. Harms).
Brazil.
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.

Wien 2: 120. 1838. Clitoria virginiana L. Sp. PI. 753. 1753.
Herbaceous, the slender stems usually more or less pilose, the
oblong-lanceolate to ovate leaflets often nearly glabrous, usually
1-2 cm. broad, 3-7 cm. long, acute or obtusish; racemes 1^4-flowered,
the flowers blue or purple, 2.5 cm. long; calyx- tube about 2 mm.
long, the linear-lanceolate, acuminate teeth subequal, 6-9 mm. long;
pods 3-4 mm. broad, 7-12 cm. long, marginally ribbed. C. pascu-
orum Mart., the leaflets linear-lanceolate, 8 mm. wide or narrower,
seems to be merely a narrow-leaved form, var. angustifolium Griseb.
Cajamarca: Raimondi. Apurimac: On boulders along
Jae"n,
& Horton 10699 (distr. as C. pubescens).
river, 2,450 meters, Stork
Cuzco: Hacienda Santa Rosa, Soukup 925 (distr. as C. pubescens).
Encentro, Prov. Convention, Soukup 818. Argentina to southern
United States.
FLORA OF PERU 345
36. CLITORIAL.
Herbs or shrubs, sometimes low and suberect, sometimes climbing,
with pinnately 3-many foliate leaves, the leaflets usually stipellate,
the stipules striate and persisting as also the bracts and bractlets
of the showy flowers, these variously disposed, the pedicels most
often geminate. Calyx tubular (usually), the 2 upper lobes sub-
connate, the lower narrower. Banner ample, erect, explanate,
narrowed at base, the wings falcate-oblong, the shorter keel acute.
Vexillar stamen free, or more or less connate with the others. Stip-
ules elongate, ordinarily bearded along the inner side. Pods
stiped, narrow, compressed, the more or less coriaceous valves
sometimes with a longitudinal rib, the free or separated seeds
flat or globose.
Leaves with several leaflets C. Ternatea.

Leaves with 1-3 leaflets.
Bractlets and calyces subequal or somewhat unequal.

Leaves glabrous or more or less pubescent beneath.
C. amazonum.
Leaves softly short villous beneath C. nervosa.
Bractlets and calyces very unequal in length.
Vine, usually more or less villous C. rubiginosa.

Shrub or tree or high-climbing liana.
Bractlets 3-6 mm. long (typically); leaflets medium, gla-
brous or nearly.
Calyx densely silky pilose C. pozuzoensis.
Calyx sparsely puberulent pilose or glabrate.

Racemes short, usually lateral C. javitensis.
Racemes elongate, lax, often axillary. . .C. leptostachya.
Bractlets 8-10 mm. long; leaflets ample, somewhat pilose on

nerves beneath C. grandifolia.
Clitoria amazonum Mart, ex Benth. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.

Wien 2: 115. 1838; 123.
Suffrutescent, apparently either erect or scandent, glabrous;

petioles slender, 5-10 cm. long, stipules setaceous; leaflets ovate,
sometimes oblong-ovate, more or less acuminate, typically broadly
rounded at base, coriaceous and lustrous only in age, paler beneath
where rarely somewhat appressed pubescent, mostly 9-12 cm. long;

peduncles rarely longer than 2.5 cm., fasciculate or branched, few-
flowered; bracts ovate, 2-4 mm. long, the pedicels 6-8 mm. long;
bractlets coriaceous, about 18 mm. long, subequaling the calyx;
calyx-tube much longer than the acuminate or acute ovate teeth;
banner white or pale roseate with darker veins, 6-8 cm. long; pod
stiped, glabrous, 10-15 cm. long, 12-16 mm. broad. Description
after Bentham. As suggested by Bentham, I.e. 124, the species is
variable and should probably include C. arbor ea Benth. (C. Hoffman-
seggii Benth. I.e.) and C. racemosa Benth. I.e.; both are often some-
what more pubescent, especially the banner of the flowers, and the
bracts are nearly as long as the pedicels, the former as to type with
short-branched, densely flowered racemes, the bracts persisting in the
latter, the racemes more elongate, the bractlets and calyces pubes-
cent. Both, fide Ducke, are small or large trees with dark violet
flowers. A tree to 30 meters high (Krukoff), his 5335 with pods 2
dm. long, 3.5 cm. wide. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 33.
The Woytkowski specimen has lightly pubescent banner 5 cm.

long and broad, and calyces and bractlets both 2 cm. long; the col-
lector noted it as a tree to 15 meters high with 3-5 flowers open in
each large cluster of blooms, these purple blue, shading lighter to
white within with a delicate fragrance suggesting that of vanilla;
the leaves were very fragile, glossy green.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4523 (distr. as C. racemosa).
Juanjui, Klug 4199; 3820 (det. Standl.). Near Moyobamba, King
3505. Near Rioja, Woytkowski 25(1}. Loreto: San Isidro, middle
Marafion, Tessmann 4953. Iquitos, Killip & Smith 30000. Balsa-
puerto, Klug 3105 (det. Standl., C. javitensis). Rio Acre: Mouth of
Rio Macauhan, Krukoff 5335; 5719. Brazil.
Clitoria grandifolia Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5:

141. 1930.
Robust shrub, semierect or climbing, the young branchlets

rusty hispid, soon glabrate; stipules to 8 mm. long, lanceolate;
petioles 1-2 dm. long, glabrous; leaflets oblong-ovate or elliptic,
obtuse or rounded at base, acutely acuminate or mucronate-cau-
date, 1-3 dm. long, 5-12 cm. broad, becoming rigid-coriaceous,
somewhat bullate-rugose and lustrous above, sparsely pilose on the
prominent nerves beneath; racemes borne from the old wood, finally
to 2dm. long, the showy flowering portion densely flowered, brown
pubescent with persisting subulate lanceolate bracts about 5 mm.
FLORA OF PERU 347
long, the pedicels and lance-acuminate bractlets 8 mm. long; calyx

3-4 cm. long, sparsely appressed pilose, the teeth long acuminate;
flowers rose color, the banner 7-9 cm. long, yellow sericeous without;
pods 2-3 dm. long, 2-2.5 cm. broad, densely reddish-tomentulose.
F.M. Neg. 18277.
Loreto: Near Iquitos, Kuhlmann 18210. Brazil.
Clitoria javitensis (HBK.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 2:

42. 1858; 123. Neurocarpum javitense HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6:
409. 1824.
Glabrous or nearly glabrous liana, with triangular lanceolate
stipules about 5 mm. long and oblong or nearly oblong acuminate
leaflets, usually 1-2 dm. long, about half as broad, lightly pubes-
cent or glabrous beneath; racemes very short, usually on the old
wood, the pedicels 5 mm. long; bractlets as to type, lanceolate,
3-4 mm. long; calyx lightly pilose, the tube 1.5 cm. long, the upper
acuminate teeth 4 mm. long, the lower 7 mm. long; flowers nearly
white to violet, the exteriorly pubescent banner to 5 cm. long; pods
linear-oblong, to 2 dm. long, 2 cm. wide, coriaceous. Sandwith,
Kew Bull. 357. 1931, has included in var. glabra Sagot collections
with longer bractlets and calyx-teeth, the banner glabrescent with-
out; it is probable that the species concept should be broadened
to include C. grandifolia and C. pozuzoensis. The following collec-
tions have bractlets less than half as long as the calyx; Killip &
Smith 28739; 29005, with short racemes on slender terminal shoots,
may be aberrant.
Loreto: San Antonio, middle Maranon, Tessmann 3782 (det.
Harms). Santa Rosa, Killip &
Smith 28739. Lower Rio Huallaga,
Killip &Smith 29005. Balsapuerto, King 3044 (det. Standl.);
Killip &Smith 28104; 28235. Central America and northern
South America.
Clitoria leptostachya Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 2: 43.

1858; 123.
Resembles C. javitensis and possibly is not distinct specifically
but at least typically the racemes even when lateral are elongate,
often a dm. long or longer, the rachis slender, the flowers geminate;
bractlets small, in type 3 mm. long, the pubescent calyx-tube 2
cm. long with teeth 5-8 mm. long.
Loreto: Mishuyacu, King 39; 464 (det. Killip). Brazil; Guiana.
Clitoria nervosa Herzog, Repert. Nov. Sp. 7: 56. 1909.

Shrub or small tree, the young branchlets puberulent; leaflets
broadly ovate-elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate, chartaceous,
finally glabrous and lustrous above, permanently softly and shortly
villous beneath, the larger 11-17 cm. long, the bracts 7 mm. long,
the pedicels 3-4 mm. long; bractlets subequal, the calyces 12-14
mm. long; calyx-tube about 1 cm. long, the lower tooth 7 mm. long;
flowers light lilac color, the banner 3 cm. long, slightly pilose with-
out; pods young, but evidently densely rusty appressed pilose. In
the Peruvian specimens the subequal bracts and pedicels are con-
siderably shorter. The
species in pubescence suggests C. arborescens
Ait. of the Guianas, a species with much longer pedicels and calyces.
Kittip & Smith 25136 is in fruit and therefore the determination is
open to question; its pod is nearly 3 dm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide,
glabrous, not ridged.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 307; Killip & Smith 23380;
23416. Rio Perene", Killip &Smith 25136. Bolivia.
Clitoria pozuzoensis Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 103. 1930.

Shrub apparently erect, the branchlets and leaves glabrous or
the latter minutely and sparsely hispid on the nerves beneath;
petioles 4 cm. long; leaflets ovate, rounded at base, more or less
gradually acuminate, 7-8 cm. long, about 3.5 cm. broad, or larger,
pale green, chartaceous, prominently reticulate- veined beneath;
racemes 3^4 cm. long, shortly peduncled, densely appressed pubes-
cent with firm rusty trichomes; bracts broadly ovate, 3^4 (8) mm.
long, often longer than the pedicel; bractlets oval, typically scarcely
1 cm. long; calyx- teeth nearly equal, broadly ovate, subobtuse,
much shorter than the tube, this 18 mm. long; banner densely rusty
sericeous pilose without, 6 cm. long. This plant seems doubtfully
distinct from C. grandifolia or C. javitensis.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, 4652, type. Junin: Rio Pichis, Killip &

Smith 26795.
Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. ex Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 303. 1807; 118.

DC. Prodr. 2: 234. 1825.
Clitoria glycinoides
Herbaceous vine, the younger stems more or less spreading
pilose, the older glabrate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, to 5 mm. long;

leaflets ovate-elliptic, usually rounded at both ends and somewhat
pubescent on the paler under surface, commonly 7-9 cm. long,

3-5 cm. broad; bracts broadly lanceolate, to 5 mm. long, the oblong
FLORA OF PERU 349
acute bractlets to 8 mm. long, about a third as broad; calyx 1.5-2

cm. long, the acuminate teeth 1 cm. long; flowers white or yellow,
the exteriorly pilose banner 4-5 cm. long; pods glabrate, 3-5 cm.
long, 6-8 mm. broad, medially ribbed.
Loreto: Manfinfa, Williams 1137. Near Iquitos, Williams 8000;
Klug 1189. Yurimaguas, Poeppig. San Martin: Tocache, Poep-
pig 1872. West Indies; Panama; South America.
Clitoria Ternatea L. Sp. PI. 753. 1753.

Herbaceous vine with 2-3 (5) pairs of oval-elliptic glabrous
leaflets,usually about 3 cm. long and somewhat narrower, rounded
at each end, and several showy blue or rarely white flowers, the
banner commonly 4-5 cm. long, the roundish bractlets less than
half as long as the calyx, this 6-8 mm. long; pod lightly pubescent,
to 1 dm. long, nearly 1 cm. broad. Illustrated, Degener, PI. Hawaii.
Lambayeque: Cultivated or escaped, Raimondi. Generally culti-

vated in the tropics.
37. COLOGANIA Kunth

Slender, herbaceous vines with pinnately 3-foliolate (rarely 1-5)
leaves and red-purple flowers solitary, fascicled or short racemose in
the axils. Leaflets stipellate, the persisting stipules, bracts and
bractlets striate, usually lanceolate. Calyx tubular, with the teeth
only 4, the upper 2 being nearly or completely connate. Banner
obovate, broadly clawed, erect, complicate, the sides reflexed.
Vexillar stamen free. Ovary many-ovuled, the shortly
stiped,
subulate style incurved, glabrous, the stigma capitate. Pod linear
compressed, somewhat septate between the orbicular or subquadrate
estrophiolate seeds.
Cologania pulchella HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 413. 1824.

More or less rusty villous, especially the stems above, petioles,
leaves beneath and calyces, the trichomes typically retrorsely ap-
pressed; leaflets elliptic, oblong, obtuse at both ends, usually some-
what inequilateral at base, occasionally subrotund, 3-5 cm. long,
1.5-2.5 cm. broad; flowers geminate, sometimes solitary or 3, 22
mm. long, glabrous; calyx nearly 15 mm. long, the ovate-lanceolate
teeth about 3 mm. long; pods 2.5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, more or
less villous pubescent. The var. rufescens Micheli is the form with
more or less spreading rusty pubescence.
Huanuco: Mito, stony slopes, 3332. Ancash: Raimondi. Cuzco:

Ollantaytambo, 2,850 meters, Pennell 13686. In rocky places,
Quetepampa, Vargas 9728. Prov. Calca, Vargas 127. Puno:
Churumayo, Soukup 548. Bolivia to Mexico.
38. GLYCINE L.
Teramnus Sw.
Slender sublignescent vines, similar and allied to Cologania, but
the banner of the racemose flowers spreading, the stamens all con-
nate, and the alternate anthers reduced. As in Dioclea the anthers
sometimes partly infertile (Teramnus}. The well-known "soybean"
of cultivation is G. hispida Maxim.
Glycine uncinata (L.) Macbr., comb. nov. Teramnus uncinatus

(L.) Sw. Prodr. 105. 1788. Dolichos uncinatus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2.
1019. 1763.
More or less densely rusty pilose, the stems, petioles and rachis
of the inflorescence retrorsely so; leaflets oblong-elliptic, somewhat
one-sided toward the base, mostly 3^4 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. broad,
sometimes twice as large; calyx 6 mm. long, the teeth equal, linear
lanceolate, longer than the tube; flowers reddish purple, about 6 mm.
long; pod to 6 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide, densely villous with a
hooked beak, reflexed at maturity. T. volubilis Sw., to be expected,
has only 4 calyx-teeth, the pods sparsely appressed pubescent, the
beak oblique. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 37.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, on sunny brush, 1+61*7. Junin: La Merced,
5231; Killip & Smith 23529. Along Rio Perene", Killip & Smith
25236. San Martin: Near Moyobamba, King 3630. Ayacucho:
Aina, Killip & Smith 23111. Widely distributed in warm regions.
"Trifolitos," "taconcitos."
39. PLATYCYAMUS Benth.
Lignescent plants with pinnately tri-many-foliate leaves, the

ample, deciduously or persistently stipellate (stipules decid-
leaflets
uous or none) and medium-sized papilionaceous flowers borne
racemosely in terminal panicles. Bracts and bractlets small or
minute, caducous. Calyx-lobes short, the upper connate but
emarginate. Banner suborbicular, unappendaged keel wings sub-
;
equal, the petals free. Stamens, except the vexillar, connate;

anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or nearly, many-ovuled; style
FLORA OF PERU 351
filiform with small terminal stigma. Pods large, broadly oblong,

piano-compressed, 2-valved, the upper suture winged, or edged, the
broadly reniform seeds estrophiolate. In the Brazilian species P.
Regnellii Benth. the pod simulates exactly that of Phyllocarpus.
Platycyamus Ulei Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 444. 1921.

Tree, glabrous or nearly except for the long narrow inflorescence,
the rachis of this lightly, the calyces densely brown villous; leaves
elongate with the petiole even to 3.5 dm. long, with 4-5 pairs of
petiolate leaflets, these oblong-lanceolate or ovate-obtuse, unless
the terminal one at base, shortly acuminate, chartaceous, ordinarily
10-15 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide; panicles 3-4.5 dm. long or longer,
the branchlets 1-5 cm. long bearing approximately several pedicels
5-8 mm. long; calyx cupulate, silky villous within except at base, 10-
12 mm. long, the lateral teeth ovate, the lower broadly lanceolate, 5
mm. long; corolla glabrous, the banner 15 mm. long, 11 mm. broad,
the keel about as long; ovary shortly stiped; pods 11.5 cm. long,
2.5 cm. broad, chartaceous, lightly villous and reticulate, the dorsal
suture slightly enlarged. Tree 10-30 meters high, the lilac buds
opening white. F.M. Neg. 2371.
Rio Acre: Ule 9469, type.
40. ABRUS L.
Vines with slender more or less woody stems and abruptly pin-
nate many-foliolate leaves. Flowers roseate or whitish, the close
fascicles in terminal or pseudo-axillary racemes. Calyx truncate,
the teeth minute. Banner ovate, shortly clawed; keel curved, larger
than the falcate wings. Stamens 9 (vexillar lacking), united into a
sheath that is cleft above. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled, the short
uncurved glabrous style with capitate stigma. Pod compressed,
2-valved, partly divided between the seeds, the partitions thin.
Abrus precatorius L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12: 472. 1767.

Leaves commonly with 7-10 pairs of oblong-elliptic or some-
times slightly obovate leaflets, mostly 1 cm. long, half as broad,
glabrate or often more or less appressed pubescent beneath; flowers
10-12 mm. long, the claw of the banner nearly free; pod 2.5 cm. long
or somewhat longer, 12-14 mm. broad, densely short pubescent,
the 3-5 ovoid or ellipsoid scarlet seeds usually black at base. A.
tenuiflorus Spruce of Brazil has the banner claw within the stamen
tube, the pod subfalcate, 3-5 times longer than broad.
The seeds commonly serve for beads and the foliage is reputed
used as a tea for coughs. Illustrated, Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam.
4, pt. 2: 43.
Junin: La Merced, 5365. Widely distributed in the tropics.

"Jequirity" (Brazil); "crabs eyes," "jumbi seed" (British West
Indies).
41. CICERL.
Annuals or perennials with pinnate leaves, the rachis sometimes
spinose or subcirrose at tip, the leaflets serrate as usually also the
large stipules. Flowers small, white or purplish, axillary, solitary
or few, the broad standard clawed, the wings free. Stamens 10,
1 free. Ovary sessile, the style incurved, glabrous, the pods turgid
or inflated, ovoid-ellipsoid with 1 or several large seeds.
Cicer arietinum L. Sp. PI. 738. 1753.

Erect more or less bushy and glandular pubescent annual, usually
3-4 dm. tall; leaflets 9-15 pairs, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, about 1 cm.
long, half as wide; flowers solitary, long-pediceled, 6-8 mm. long,
the sepals nearly as long as the corolla; pods 2-2.5 cm. long, about
15 mm. thick, apiculate by the persisting style; seeds 1 or 2, about
9 mm. broad, rugulose, pointed at one end, whitish, red or black.
Thought to be native to western Asia but long cultivated and
especially popular in Spanish-speaking countries where usually used
in soup. In English known as "chick-pea."
Ayacucho: Weberbauer 5492. Asia. "Garbanzo."
42. LATHYRUS L.
Reference: Burkart, Rev. Fac. Agron. y Vet. 8: 41-127. 1935.

Herbs commonly terminating in a tendril, the leaves pinnate,
the leaflets usually few, entire. Stipules conspicuous or foliaceous,
ordinarily more or less sagittate at base. Flowers variously colored
or white, often showy, solitary or racemose on elongate axillary
peduncles, the minute bracts promptly caducous, bractlets none.
Calyx-tube often oblique at base or gibbous posteriorly, the teeth
subequal or the upper shorter. Banner broad, emarginate, shortly
clawed, the keel petals lightly adherent or free. Vexillar stamen
free, or more or less connate with the others, the opening of the
sheath not oblique. Style dilated above, longitudinally bearded on
the inner face, otherwise glabrous. Pod campanulate or subterete,
continuous within, many-seeded.
FLORA OF PERU 353
The "garden pea" is the related Pisum sativum, similar but the
style ridged, dilated above, and the margins reflexed and coalescent
so that it becomes flattened laterally, bearded on the inner edge.
Possibly occurring as a weed or in cultivation introduced from the
Mediterranean regions is the "lentil," or "lenteja," Lens esculenta
L.,a slender, erect or subscandent plant with several pairs of oblong
leafletswith style of Lathyrus, 2 or 3 small, white flowers on a
slender peduncle and a small, broad pod with 2 orbicular, sharp-
edged lens-shaped seeds used for soup.
Perennial, the flowers usually 7-many.
Ovary pubescent; stipules semi-sagittate; foliage drying green.
L. longipes.
Ovary glabrous; stipules sagittate; foliage drying black.
L. magellaniciis.
Annual; flowers 1-2 (3); leaflets linear, 2-3 mm. wide. .L. crassipes.
Lathyrus crassipes Gillies, ex H. & A. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3:

198. 1833; 65. L. stipularis Presl, in Weitenweb. Beitr. 2: 30. 1837.
Typically glabrous with weak slender narrowly winged stems,

1-6 dm. tall; stipules sagittate; leaflets a single pair, linear, lanceo-
late, commonly 2. 5^4 cm. long, 3^4 (7) mm. broad, the tendrils
simple to trifid; peduncles 1-several cm. long, generally 2-flowered,
the flowers subsessile; calyces glabrous, the 5 equal subulate teeth
longer than the tube; flowers blue, about 1 cm. long; pods glabrous,
straight, spreading, brown in color, 3-6 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad,
many-seeded, the blue seeds with broad hilum.
Huanuco: Mito, in weedy abandoned field, 3424- Cajamarca:
Above San Pablo, 2,400 meters, (Weberbauer 3832, fide Burkart; 257).
Cutervo, Raimondi. Chile to southern Brazil. "Alberjilla."
Lathyrus longipes Phil. Linnaea 28: 625. 1856; 81. L. pubescens

H. & A. Bot. Beechey Voy. 21. 1831, as to Peruvian material.
Vigorous, typically smooth, trailing or when among other plants,
climbing perennial from a thick root; stipules conspicuous, at least
the lower sagittate, and often with 1 or 2 teeth; leaflets oblong,
lanceolate, rounded or subacute but mucronulate, membranous,
4-10 cm. long, ordinarily about 1 cm. broad, the tendrils 1-5-parted;
peduncles usually 1 dm. long or longer, bearing several-12 shortly
pedicellate flowers (these 15-18 mm. long), the pedicels finally
spreading or slightly recurving in fruit, 7-8 mm. long; calyces
glabrous or pubescent, only the lower of the unequal teeth equaling
the tube; ovary pubescent; pods straight or lightly curved, to 6 cm.

long, 8 mm. broad, the seeds not separated by a membrane. The
Peruvian collections have in part been referred to L. pubescens H. &
A., 84, because of the somewhat pubescent foliage, but Burkart
has shown that the Argentinean species has pods membranously
septate between the seeds. The Peruvian plants with lightly pubes-
cent foliage could be referred according to the Burkart revision to
L. subandinus Phil. 83 as regards this character but are otherwise
different and may therefore be proposed as L. longipes, var. peru-
vianus Macbr., var. nov., foliis plus minusve puberulis. Illustrated,
Burkart, 16e (calyx); 17o
I.e. pi. (style). F.M. Neg. 32108.
Lima: Matucana, 2941; 327. Rio Blanco, 701; Killip & Smith
25170. Huanuco: Near Mito, 3445 (type, var. peruvianus).
Ancash: Above Samanco, (Weberbauer, 170). Near Andomayo,
Raimondi. Junin: Huancayo, Ledig 26 (var.). Huariaca, 3112.
Near Tarma, (Weberbauer, 178). Ayacucho: Yanamonte, 2,700
meters, Weberbauer 5595 (var.). Huancavelica: Yauli, 3,600
meters, Goodspeed 10857. Surcubamba, 2,500 meters, Goodspeed
10342 (var.). Apurimac: Pincos, Goodspeed 10681. Cuzco: Mar-
capata Valley, 2,200 meters, Weberbauer 7873 (var.). Apurimac
River, Goodspeed 11030. San Salvador, Vargas 123. Valle del
Urubamba, Herrera 3420. Yucay, Soukup 731. Puno: Near Puno,
Soukup 417. To Argentina and central Chile. "Purun poroto,"
"poroto silvestre."
Lathyrus magellanicus Lam. Encycl. 2: 708. 1786; 102.
Completely smooth perennial with the habit and general charac-

ter of L. longipes but characteristically darkening in drying, the
stipules as to type, all definitely sagittate and, especially, the ovary,
glabrous; stems typically wing-margined; leaflets glaucous, often
5-7 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. broad, much exceeded by the stout
several-branched tendrils; mature pod dark-colored, lustrous, 4.5-6
cm. long, usually 5 mm. broad; calyx-teeth all somewhat shorter
than the tube. Variable, two varieties apparently of little signi-
ficance being var. gladiatus (Hook.) Kuntze, 107, the leaflets and
stipules narrow, the former rarely 5 mm. broad, and var. tucuman-
ensis Burkart, 108, robust like the type, but the lower calyx-teeth
distinctly longer than the tube. L. sessilifolius H. &
A., 114, "sessili-
florus" in error, isL. magellanicus as to Peruvian material so-named,
but is doubtfully more than a variety, the leaflets greatly elongate,
the calyx finely pubescent. Illustrated, Burkart, I.e. pis. 13, 14

(var.). F.M. Neg. 28141.
FLORA OF PERU 355
Lima: Lomas de Pativilica, (Raimondi) . Huanuco: Near Hua-

nuco, 2158. Cajamarca: Above Hualgayoc, 3,900 meters, Weber-
bauer 3987 (var. gladiatus, det. Ulbr.). San Miguel (Weberbauer,
258). Piura: Weberbauer 6405; 271 (var. tucumanensis, fide Bur-
kart). Ecuador to southern Chile and Patagonia.
43. VICIAL.
Like Lathyrus, but keel petals coalescent, the staminal sheath
oblique, the style slender, bearded only at the tip or all around the
upper portion; pods 2-several-seeded. One species is erect.
Vines.
Flowers subsessile, solitary V. lomensis.
Flowers ped uncled, rarely solitary.
Flowers scarcely exceeding 1 cm., usually shorter; leaflets
narrow, usually cuspidately acute, rarely retuse or truncate.
V. graminea.
Flowers longer than 1 cm.; leaflets usually cuneate, oblong,
few if any of them acute V. andicola.
Stout erect annual V. Faba.
Vicia andicola HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 498. pi 582. 1824.
Perennial, ligneous toward base, the striate-angled weak and
sprawling younger stems as well as the leaf-rachi, peduncles and to
a extent the leaves more or less loosely pilose; leaflets typically
less
7-12, linear-lanceolate, obtuse but mucronate, subcuneate at base,

12-14 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, frequently 15-18 mm. long, 4-6 mm.
broad; stipules lanceolate, subulate, entire; peduncles (2) 4 (6)-
flowered, the well pedicellate flowers blue or violet and white,
12-15 mm. long; calyces lightly pilose, the narrow subequal lobes
slightly shorter than the tube; ovary glabrous, the short style
densely bearded at the tip (for a distance of 1 mm.) the long tri-
chomes about equal in length; pods 4 cm. long, 8 mm. wide. The
Peruvian material is largely referable to var. Matthewsii (Gray)
Macbr., comb. nov. (V. Matthewsii Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot.
1: 419. 1854), the stipules usually somewhat broader and slightly
toothed, the style bearded for a distance of 1.5-2 mm., the tri-
chomes progressively shorter below the tip; these differences however
are variable. Possibly noteworthy as another var. is my collection,
3659, var. galbina Macbr., var. nov., floribus flavo-viridis; ovario
paullo adpresse piloso. This is doubtless the plant of Weberbauer,
260, west of Huambos, Cajamarca, referred by him to V. Leyboldi

Phil. Linnaea 33: 51. 1864, of Chile, essentially glabrous species
with much smaller flowers.
Mexia noted that the plant in Ecuador is used "in an infusion
with the beak of a bird and the hoof of a tapir" for heart trouble.
F.M. Negs. 2335 (V. andicola); 32107 (V. Matthewsii).
Piura: Near Huancabamba, Raimondi. Near Ayavaca, 3,200
meters, Weberbauer 6320. Ancash: Ocros, 3,200 meters, Weber-
bauer 5808; 170 (distr. as V. grata Phil.). Cajamarca: Above San
Pablo, 2,400 meters, (Weberbauer, 257). Chorillos, Raimondi.
West of Huambas, Weberbauer, 160, as V. Leyboldi. Lima: Near
Bafios, and Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped. (type, V. Matthewsii). Purru-
chuca, Matthews. Obrajillo, Pennell 14370. East of Canta, 3,600
meters, Pennell 14646. Rio Blanco, in rocks or shrubs, 658; 2963;
Killip & Smith 21634. Matucana, on shrubs, 366; Raimondi.
Huanuco Yanano, 3659 (var. galbina) Yanahuanca, 1246. Chaglla,
: .
3,100 meters, Weberbauer 6695. Ancash: Pallasca, Raimondi. Ama-

zonas: Chachapoyas, (Matthews, fide Gray). La Libertad: Huama-
chuco, 3,300 meters, brushy slopes, West 8096; open grassy slopes,
3,700 meters, West 8186 (both det. Johnst.). To Colombia and
Venezuela. "Alberjilla."
Vicia Faba L. Sp. PI. 737. 1753.
Robust erect smooth densely leafy annual, the 2-6 leaflets oblong,
elliptic, usually 5-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, the terminal leaflet
lacking, or sometimes replaced by a rudimentary tendril; flowers
subsessile in the leaf axils, white with a large black or blue-black
spot, about 2.5 cm. long or larger; pods at first erect, later pendent,
cylindrical, to nearly 1 dm. long and 4 cm. broad, shortly pubescent,
the large often flat seeds usually yellow or golden brown.
Commonlycultivated up to 3,700 meters (Weberbauer) for fod-

der, thebeans also much used for food, as well as the young pods.
Origin unknown, but probably native to Africa and southwestern
Asia.
Huanuco: Mito, cultivated with corn, 1538. "Avas," "broad-

bean," "horse-bean."
Vicia graminea Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 37: no. 27. 1819. V.

bidentata Hook. Bot. Misc. 2: 215. 1831. V. acerosa Clos, in Gay,
Fl. Chile 2: 137. 1846. V. grata Phil. Linnaea 28: 622. 1856.
FLORA OF PERU 357
Glabrous or more or less loosely pilose or puberulent, the sprawl-

ing or climbing stems slender, weak; stipules lanceolate or short,
semi-sagittate; leaflets characteristically linear, subulate and acutely
mucronate, varying to narrowly oblong, and some of them more or
less truncate or even retuse, commonly 2-4 pairs; peduncles laxly
2-5-flowered, typically about equaling leaves, the flowers rarely
longer than 10 mm., shortly pedicelled; calyx-teeth subequal or the
lower somewhat elongate, scarcely equaling or shorter than the tube;
pod glabrous, ordinarily 2.5-3 cm. long, 5 mm. broad.
Monographic revision may show the species as interpreted here
to be an aggregate; the more marked variations include V. grata, I.e.
which may become var. grata (Phil.) Macbr., comb, nov., the slender
peduncles often exceeding the leaves, the leaflets sometimes some-
what broader, even to 3 or 4 mm. wide, the calyces pubescent; V.
magellanica Hook, f., Fl. Antarct. 257. 1844, seems to be the same.
A form of the lomas near Lima with truncate or bidentate leaflets
2.5-3 cm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, is apparently V. bidentata Hook., I.e.
(V. Matthewsii, var. Lessoni [Alef.] Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 103.
1930) which may become V. graminea, var. Lessoni [Alef.] Macbr.,
comb. nov. F.M. Negs. 2340 (var. Lessoni} 2339 (var. grata); 37518
;
(graminea) .
Cajamarca: Nanchoc, (Raimondi). Lima: Lurin, Pennell 12211

(var. Lessoni); also Hayne; Lesson. Rio Blanco, stony slope,
2965. Above Lima, (Weberbauer, 169, as V. grata). Junin: Palca,
2,700 meters, (Weberbauer, 178 & 248, both as V. grata). Huanuco:
Mito, trailing on grassy swale, 1736; on shrubs, 1552; 1933. Cani,
in de*bris of stream-wood, 3381. Near Huanuco, 3522. Cuzco:
Sicuani, 3,650 meters, Vargas 9830. Prov. Calca, Vargas 128 (var.
grata). Near Cuzco, Herrera 461; Vargas 210 (var. grata). Near
Acomaya, Vargas 9750 (var. grata). Valle del Urubamba, Herrera
3391 (distr. asV. Matthewsii). Puno: Soukup 934; 948 (var. grata).
Lake Titicaca region, (Weberbauer, 186). Tampa, (Raimondi).
Mexico to Patagonia. "Kita-ttacco," "tarhui-tarhui," "alverjilla,"
"occoctijan" (Raimondi).
Vicia lomensis Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 102. 1930.

Diffuse or prostrate, glabrous or nearly glabrous annual, the
slender stems 2-3 dm. long; stipules 2-4 mm. long, somewhat
hastate, more or less angled-denticulate; leaflets often alternate,
5 (3) -7 pairs, oblong-obovate, truncate, retuse or irregularly den-
ticulate apically, 5-6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide; tendrils simple;
flowers solitary, about 3.5 mm. long, subsessile or the pedicels in

fruit scarcely 2 mm. long; calyces glabrate or slightly pilose, 2 mm.
long, the subulate, acuminate teeth subequal; pod finally glabrous,
2-2.5 cm. long, about 6 mm. broad. This may prove to be a gla-
brous state of V. linearifolia Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 20.
1841, perhaps the earliest name for a group of closely related forms;
cf.Reiche, Fl. Chile 2: 185-187. 1898. The Goodspeed collectors
noted it as "very common, reminding one of the way white clover
spreads in the north Temperate zone."
Lima: Lurin,
trailing in rocky places in lomas by the sea, 5943,
type. Barranco, Weberbauer 1656; 145 as V. humilis HBK., a
Mexican species. San Augustin, Weberbauer 5236. Atocongo, on
all sandy-loam areas of entire lomas, 245 meters, Mexia 04059;
Stork, Horton &

Vargas 9300 (both det. Johnst.).
44. PSORALEA L.
Shrubs or half shrubs, the Peruvian generally strict in habit,

more or less pubescent and glandular-punctate; leaves digitately
3-several-foliolate, rarely pinnately divided or the leaflets 1. Stip-

ules broad and setaceous; flowers usually blue and borne in axillary
spikes, membranously bracted but the bracts often caducous.
Calyx-lobes subequal or the lower larger, the upper 2 often connate.
Petals subequal or shorter than the keel, the banner clawed, the
wings oblong-subfalcate. Stamens 10, 9 united. Ovary sessile or
shortly stiped, the style sometimes persisting and enlarged. Pod
ovate, indehiscent or bursting irregularly. Seed more or less
adherent to the pericarp.
P. glandulosa L., Sp. PI. ed. 2: 1075. 1763, was accredited to
Peru by the author; it seems clear however that it was based actually
on the Chilian plant which is uniformly smooth or nearly, abundantly
glandular, the flowers rather small. P. lutea Molina, Sagg. Chile,
163. 1782, and ed. 2: 145, 293. 1810, credited by Poiret, Lam.
Encycl. 5: 685. 1804, to Peru or Chile is a synonym unless the name
of Linne" is to be taken as applying to one of the forms described
below. Dahlem assigns all the many collections by Raimondi to
P. glandulosa, an extreme viewpoint but the species do at times
merge.
Flowers 8-10 mm. long when fully grown.
Stems above peduncles and rachis densely white villous-pilose.
P. pubescens.
FLORA OF PERU 359
Branches glabrate or more or less villous.
Calyces inconspicuously glandular, often remote.

var. lasiostachys.
Calyces densely glandular, crowded var. potens.

Flowers about 6 mm. long when fully grown.
Calyces usually sessile except in fruit, pubescent with black or
mostly black trichomes.
Leaves glabrous beneath or lightly strigose, especially on the
midnerve.
Branchlets more or less densely hispid with spreading or
rarely subappressed trichomes P. mexicana.
Branchlets glabrous or nearly var. maleolens.
Leaves more or less ashy-pubescent beneath var. Trianae.
Calyces more or less pedicellate, ashy-pubescent ... P. divaricata.
Psoralea divaricata Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 788. 1809.

Shrub with long-spreading branches, the flowering branchlets,
peduncles and racemes more or less densely hirsute with spreading
or subappressed ashy- or pale-fulvous trichomes; leaflets oblong-
lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, mostly 1-1.5 cm. broad, acuminate, nearly
glabrous unless slightly appressed hispid beneath especially above
the midnerve; petioles slender, about 2 cm. long, lightly pubescent
to glabrous, the short petiolules densely hirsutulous; racemes about
7 cm. long including the peduncle, this 3-4 cm. long, narrow, scarcely
1 cm. broad, the flowers or fascicles rather remote; bracts caducous,
ovate-lanceolate; calyces about 4 mm. long, slightly exceeded by the
blue flower, shortly pedicellate, the pedicel however often concealed
in the dense pubescence; fruiting calyx sparsely glandular, the pilose
oblongish-apiculate pod well exserted. One or two Ecuadorian col-

lectionsapproach P. mexicana var. Trianae. F.M. Neg. 1032.
Piura: Huancabamba, Bonpland, type. Ecuador.
Psoralea mexicana (L. f.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 119.
1894. Indigofera mexicana L. f. Suppl. 335. 1781. P. Mutisii
Kunth, PI. Legum. 191. pi. 54. 1819; 224.
Shrub or small tree, abundantly leafy, 1-3 meters high, often
much branched, the upper virgate branchlets as the axillary pe-
duncles more or less densely hispid with black or dark-colored
spreading trichomes; calyces 5 mm. long, equaled by the broad more
or less promptly caducous bracts, sometimes shortly pedicelled,
always densely pilose, the trichomes mostly or all black; flowers

blue, about 7 mm. long; otherwise similar to P. divaricata which
could be treated as a variety. The common form in Peru is var.
maleolens Macbr., comb. nov. (P. maleolens Macbr. Field Mus.
Bot. 4: 82. 1925), smooth or the peduncles and branchlet tips mi-
nutely strigillose. Better marked is var. Trianae (Vail) Macbr.,
comb. nov. (P. Trianae Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 119. 1894; P.
munyensis Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 84. 1925), the branchlets and
leaves beneath more or less ashy tomentose or pilose, the trichomes
appressed or rarely spreading. In extreme or typical states the
varieties are distinct but they seem to merge in a large series of
specimens; rarely the calyces are densely glandular.
At least the var. maleolens is employed as a substitute for tea
and as a remedy for disorders of the stomach. F.M. Negs. 2031
(P. Mutisii); 28278 (P. Trianae).
Cajamarca: In shrubby woodland, 2,500 meters, south of Con-
chan, Stork & Horton 10065 (var. Trianae; distr. as P. pubescens).
Ancash: Pampa Romas, Weberbauer 3197 (var. Trianae}. Huanuco:
Mufia, edge of montana, 3906 (type, P. munyensis). Tomai-
quichua, on moist flats, 2436. Sunny canyon slope, Yanano, 3736
(these last two forms with dense tomentose pubescence). Open
canyon side, northeast of Huanuco, 214-6 (var. maleolens). Panao,
4948 (var. maleolens). Mito, 1376 (type, P. maleolens}. Junin:
Carpapata, above Huacapistana, edge of forest, 2,700 meters,
Killip & Smith 24428 (toward var. maleolens). Cuzco: Lucmayo
Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1338. Without locality, Dombey 854. North
to Colombia. "Coling imbra," "colirig," "culem," "culim," "trini-
taria."
Psoralea pubescens Pers. Syn. PL 2: 347. 1807. P. marginata

Meyen, Reise 1: 436. 1834.
and peduncles typically short-

Tall shrub, the upper branchlets
villous with white orashy trichomes, those of the calyces dark-colored
or black; foliage similar to that of P. divaricata, the leaflets often
somewhat larger; spikes frequently a dm. or two long, usually
rather laxly flowered; calyces sessile or nearly, about 7 mm. long,
more or less glandular, the glands sometimes stiped; flowers when
full grown 10 mm. long or nearly twice the length of the calyx.
Two varieties evidently not constant may be distinguished: var.
lasiostachys (Vog.) Macbr., comb. nov. (P. lasiostachys Vog. Nov.
Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol. 19: Suppl. 1: 13. 1843; P. remotiflora
FLORA OF PERU 361
Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 113. 1925; P. Feather stonei Macbr. I.e.
84) ,
the branches glabrate or more or less villous, the partly remote
calyces inconspicuously if at all glandular; var. potens Macbr.,
comb. nov. (P. potens Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 85. 1925; P.
lasiostachys var. potensMacbr. I.e. 8: 88. 1930), the crowded calyces
densely glandular, the glands often stiped. Except as noted the
following material is var. lasiostachys. Used as a remedy for indi-
gestion. Plants, especially the var. potens, with very disagreeable
odor. Common in central and southern Peru, 2,500 to 3,400 meters.
F.M. Negs. 1033 (P. lasiostachys); 1034 (P. marginata).
Lima: Chosica, river valley, 500 (typical; Weberbauer, 148).
Above Obrajillo, open rock bank, 2,700 meters, Pennell 14371.
Matucana, shrubby slope, 406 (type, P. Feather stonei); Stork &
Horton 9138. Amazonas: Moyobamba, (Sandeman). Huanuco:
Mito, 1375 (var. potens}. Huanuco, Kanehira 94 (var. potens).
Ayacucho: Huanta, 2,800 meters, Killip & Smith 23324. Tambo,
Prov. de La Mar, 3,100 meters, Weberbauer 5550. Junin: Tarma,
stream bank, 3,000 meters, Killip &
Smith 21918; hedge rows,
Stork 10947; Killip &
Smith 21776; 21946 (all var. potens); 1022
(type, P. potens; Weberbauer, 180, as P. glandulosa). Ocopa,
thicket, 3,300 meters, Killip &
Smith 22007. Huancayo, rocky
hillside, 3,300 meters, Killip &
Smith 23357 (var. potens).
Huancavelica: Salcabamba, shrub land, Stork & Horton 10266.
Arequipa: Tingo, open rock slopes, Pennell 13146 (type, P. remoti-
flora). Chachani Mountain, Hinkley 60. Apurimac: Abancay,
Vargas 470. Huancarama, West 3774- Puno: Soukup. Cuzco:
Calca, Herrera 2088 (toward var. potens). Paucartambo Valley,
H err era 1131. Valle del Urubamba, Herrera 3416; (Weberbauer,
243, as P. glandulosa). Lucmayo Valley, Cook & Gilbert 1366.
Ollantaytambo, Cook & Gilbert 266; 267. San Sebastian, Pennell
13632 (var. potens). "Coling macho," "cedron," "huallhuahuall-
hus" (fide Vargas), "mulahuatana" (West), "huagllhua" (C. & G.),
"huayllana" (C. & G.).
45. DALEA Vent.

Parosela Cav.
Glandular-punctate shrubs or herbs, the Peruvian usually

perennial, often half-shrubs with spreading or sprawling stems or
branches. Leaves pinnate, the stipules setiform or glanduliform.
Flowers more or less papilionaceous, generally some shade of blue or
blue and white, sometimes yellow or reddish-yellow, racemose or spi-
cate, the spikessometimes capitate, the bracts often conspicuous but

frequently caducous. Calyx-teeth subequal. Petals clawed, the
lower longer than the banner. Wing and keel-petals in the Peruvian
species inserted at base or on the stamineal tube. Stamens 9 or 10
(rarely 5, 7 or 8), monadelphous. Ovary sessile or stiped, 2
(3) -ovuled.Stigma capitate. Pod usually included, often inde-
hiscent and 1-seeded. Besides the following, D. multifoliolata
(Clos) Reiche of northern Chile may possibly occur; on the basis of
its merely narrow-based somewhat thick petals and exserted pods
it has been separated as Errazurizia Phil. It has tomentose stems,
laxly flowered spikes. The name Dalea is conserved.
As indicated by me, Field Mus. Bot. 8: 84. 1930, my tentative
revision was unsatisfactory; the following synopsis is scarcely more
forms proposed as species reduced outright
definitive; several of the
may prove with more material to be at least recognizable as varieties,
while several accepted because imperfectly known are doubtfully
valid. The characters of pubescence and to some extent of habit,
at present regarded as indicating specific values in order to avoid a
general reduction in names before the plants are better understood,
are certainly characters in themselves of questionable merit.
Besides the following a specimenby Raimondi from Cayacati,
Cajamarca, was referred in herb. Dahlem to D. brachystachys Gray
of North America, in all probability a misdetermination.
Annuals; flowers included or as long as calyx.

Tall, glabrous; stamens 10.
Bracts subpersisting, glabrous toward tip D. leporina.
Bracts caducous, puberulent D. alopecuroides.
Low, somewhat pilose; stamens 5 D. moquehuana.
Perennials, usually more or less woody below, or shrubs.
Calyx-lobes ovate-based, shorter than the tube, the tips of the

lobes, if subulate, not or little exceeding the bases of the lobes.
Flowers yellow (in some tone) sometimes aging reddish-violet
or rarely purple-violet, the calyces then
brown-violet,
glabrous without or with a very few trichomes, even at
anthesis.
Spikes subcapitate or in fruit somewhat longer than broad,

but even then rarely 1.5 cm. long; flowers small.
D. microphylla.
Spikes soon elongating, oblong-cylindrical, finally often
several cm. long; flowers 8-12 mm. long.
FLORA OF PERU 363
Leaves glabrous or the pubescence fine, sparse.
Calyces densely villous; leaflets completely glabrous.

D. galbina.
Calyces glabrous or nearly, as also the mature leaves at
least above D. cylindrica.
Leaves, as calyces, permanently villous D. sulfurea.
Flowers violet, the petals edged with yellow . . . . D. rubricaulis.
Flowers blue or blue- violet often partly white; calyces villous
to glabrate (in age).
Leaflets permanently ashy villous both sides . . D. Weberbaueri.
Leaflets glabrous or if more or less pubescent never densely
at least above at maturity.
Perennial herbs, the stems erect or prostrate-ascending,
woody only toward the base; calyx-lobes as usually
the tube, villous; bracts usually more or less promptly
caducous, shortly caudate-acuminate.
Bracts shortly caudate-acuminate, promptly caducous;
calyces conspicuously long-villous.
Bracts pilose; leaflets oblong-elliptic. . . .D. Pennellii.
Bracts glabrous; leaflets oblong-linear. . . .D. Smithii.
Bracts persisting or tardily deciduous or, if caducous, the
acumen as long as the bract or nearly; calyx pubes-
cence moderate.
Stems prostrate-ascending.
Flowers about 10 mm. long . . D. exilis, D. boliviano,.
Flowers about 6 mm. long D. peruviana.

Stems erect (at least the upper branches).
Leaves loosely pilose; flowers 7 mm. long. D. antana. .
Leaves appressed puberulent or glabrous; flowers

10-12 mm. long.
Calyx-teeth ovate-aristate.
D. pazensis, D. Sawadae.
Calyx-teeth minute D. Onobrychis.
Shrubs, usually erect (D. catatona prostrate); bracts long-
persisting.
Flowers 8-10 mm. long; erect or spreading shrubs.
Calyx-teeth, as tube, early glabrate.

Calyx- teeth (the longer 2 mm. long) rigid; bracts

glabrous, persisting D. Sawadae.
Calyx- teeth minute; bracts pubescent.
D. Onobrychis.
Calyx-teeth and tube densely villous.
Plants moderately glandular; leaves glabrate.

D. nova.
Plants conspicuously glandular; leaves glabrous.
D. myriadenia.
Flowers about 6 mm. long; branches prostrate.
D. catatona.
Calyx-lobes subulate-filiform or if ovate-based the narrow tips
(at least the lower) as long as or longer than the lobe-bases
and usually than the calyx-tube.
Spikes all peduncled, oblong-cylindrical, soon elongate.
Leaves glabrous, or if somewhat pubescent, green at least
above D. caerulea.
Leaves densely gray pubescent D. sericophylla.
Spikes at least in part subsessile, capitate or subcapitate.
Leaves densely pilose D. trichocalyx.
Leaves glabrous or nearly D. microphylla.
Dalea alopecuroides Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1336. 1803.
Erect glabrous (except spikes) annual with striate more or less

glandular-tubercled stems sometimes a meter high, often much
lower; stipules subulate; leaflets many, oblong, 5-10 mm. long;
peduncles terminal and opposite the leaves; spikes dense, 2-8 cm.
long, about 8 mm. thick; bracts narrowly ovate, acuminate, cadu-
cous, often pale, lightly pilose; calyx pilose, 3 mm. long, the lanceo-
late-subulate teeth nearly as long as the tube; flowers white or
rose- or lilac- tinted; stamen tube straw-colored; pod apically pilose.
This isRydberg's interpretation; apparently very similar if indeed
distinct is D. leporina (Ait.) Bullock, which compare, of southwestern
United States to Guatemala but, according to Rydberg, the flowers
are blue, staminal tube dark-colored, bracts dark and glabrous above.
In view of the known range the identification by herb. Dahlem of
the following collections may be open to question.
Ancash: Huaraz, (Raimondi). Cajamarca: Surcos, (Raimondi).
Lima: Surco, (Raimondi). Mississippi Valley and southward.
FLORA OF PERU 365
Dalea antana Macbr., spec. nov.

Perennis ut videtur; caulibus herbaceis suberectis strictis superne
plus minusve pilosis; stipulis setaceis, pilosis, 4 mm. longis; foliis
3-4 cm. longis plerumque 19-foliolatis plus minusve dense praecipue
subtus cum pilis patentibus pubescentibus, fere oblongis, minute
cuspidatis, circa 6 mm. longis, 2.5 mm. latis; spicis terminalibus
oblongo-cylindraceis demum 4-6 cm. longis; bracteis persistentibus
suborbiculatis abrupte caudato-aristatis glabris mediocriter glandu-
losis; calycibus dense villosis baud glandulosis vix 5 mm. longis,
laciniis ovato-subulatis circa 1.5 mm. longis; floribus violaceis 6
mm. longis. Probably D. pazensis and apparently with
allied to
similar habit but flowers nearly as small as those of D. peruviana
from which the spreading pubescence and different leaves distin-
guish it.
Cuzco: Limatambo, Prov. Anta, 2,700 meters, Vargas 502, type.
Dalea boliviana Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 16: 259. 1889.

Parosela boliviana (Britton) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 65: 1922.
Dalea tapacariensis Harms ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3: 59. 1898.
Sprawling perennial herb, the stems prostrate-ascending at base,
finallymore or less erect; branchlets lightly pilose becoming glabrous,
sparsely (rarely densely) glandular; stipules setaceous; leaves usually
2-3 cm. long with 5-8 pairs of subsessile cuneate or mostly oblong-
elliptic minutely apiculate or retuse-apiculate leaflets 3-5 mm. long,
2-3 mm. broad, glabrous or nearly above usually at least faintly
puberulent and more or less glandular-punctate beneath; spikes
well-peduncled in age, several cm. long; bracts more or less pilose,
shortly caudate, persisting; calyx villous, obscurely bilabiate, the
somewhat unequal teeth about 1.5 and 2 mm. long, ovate at base,
but subulate- tipped, at least slightly shorter than the tube; banner
typically blue or purple, 8-10 mm. long, the petals or keel usually
white. The var. Herrerae Macbr., Candollea 7: 222, seems to be a
glabrous form, only the leaf-rachis and branchlets minutely pilose.
In Weberbauer 5526, the leaves are conspicuously black-glandular.
Cf. D. exilis (and note to it) which is probably the earlier name.
D. pazensis Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 3, pt. 3: 18. 1893, seems to be
a more erect plant, the leaves typically somewhat pilose both
sides, calyx more distinctly bilabiate.
Ayacucho: 3,000 meters, near Ayacucho, Weberbauer 5526

(var.).Vicinity of Pucuhuillca, West 3661. Cuzco: San Sebastian,
rocky slope of canyon, 3,300 meters, Pennell 13602 (type, var.
Herrerae). Ollantaytambo, Cook & Gilbert 322 (var. Herrerae}.

Huasao, 3,200 meters, Herrera 3042. Puno: Near Puno, 4,000
meters, Soukup 404- Arequipa: Mt. Chinuta, in sandy loam on
rocky slope, Eyerdam & Beetle 22122? Bolivia; Argentina. "Ccera."
Dalea caerulea (L. f.) Schinz & Thellung, Me"m. Soc. Neuchat.
Sci. Nat. 5: 370. 1913. Galega caerulea L. f. Suppl. 335. 1781.
Parosela caerulea (L. f.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 65: 23. 1922.
D. Mutisii Kunth, Mim. 161. 1824. Dalea ayavacensis HBK. Nov.
Gen. & Sp. 6: 486. 1823. Parosela ayavacensis (HBK.) Macbr.
Field Mus. Bot. 4: 86. 1925. Dalea astragalina HBK. I.e. 484. P.
astragalina (HBK.) Killip ex Macbr. I.e. 109. D. longispicata
Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 6. 1906? Dalea cutervoana Szysz. in
Rozpr. Akad. Uniej. Krakov. ser. 2. 9: 221. 1895.
Usually moderately pubescent to nearly smooth, openly branched
shrub; leaves several, often 6 cm. long with commonly 6-8 pairs of
oblong-elliptic leaflets, these often more or less narrowed at base,
usually rounded and minutely apiculate apically, glabrous or some-
times more or less puberulent above, characteristically sparsely to
densely pilose beneath, rarely glabrous, mostly 10 mm. long (15),
about half as wide; peduncles shorter than the subtending leaves;
spikes oblong after first anthesis, elongating even to 2 dm.; bracts
and calyx-tube typically glabrous, the former persisting, the latter
at throat, as also the subulate-filiform teeth, densely pilose-ciliate;
calyx- teeth 3-5 mm. long, at least as long as the tube, usually more
or less flexuose; flowers blue to violet, the banner sometimes yel-
lowish or white or with 2 green spots, this suborbicular, about 1 cm.
long, or scarcely half as long in smaller-flowered forms, long-clawed
as also the petals; ovary more or less pilose. This may be an aggre-
gate as described but more probably the species is variable in
characters of pubescence and flower size; the large-flowered race
seems to be D. ayavacensis, the spikes of which in flower are 2.5-3
cm. wide. It grows along streams or in thickets. D. longispicata
is probably a variety distinguishable by more rigid calyx lobes
scarcely longer than the tube; D. astragalina seems to be intermediate

in this and other characters and apparently grows in drier more open
places than the large-flowered form. F.M. Negs. 725 (D. ayava-
censis); 730 (D. astragalina); 2036 (D. longispicata).
Cajamarca: Cutervo, (Raimondi, D. cutervoana). Contumaza,

Nanchoc, (Raimondi). Piura: Ayavaca, Bonpland, (type, D. ayava-
censis) Libertad Open shrubby country, 2,800 meters, Cachicadan,
. :
FLORA OF PERU 367
Stork & Horton 9959 (D. longispicata, as to calyx). Ancash: Be-

tween Pichiu and Conin, Prov. Huari, 3,500 meters, (Weberbauer
2924, type, D. longispicata). Urcon to Corongo, (Raimondi).
Junin: Chanchamayo, Isern (Weberbauer, 177; 246). Above Huaca-
pistana, Killip & Smith 24333; 24289. Amazonas: Chachapoyas,
Mathews. Huanuco: Shishmay, 3,000 meters, Woytkowski 120.
Southeast of Huanuco, 2085. Below Ambo, 2427. Tambillo near
Panao, 3576. Carpish, along stream, 2,850 meters, Stork & Horton
9930. Ayacucho: Open hillsides, 3,200 meters, Pampalca, Killip &
Smith 22219. Huanta, (Raimondi). Choimacota, evergreen bush-
wood, 3,000 meters, Weberbauer 7580. Apurimac: Near Rio
Apurimac, Weberbauer 5570. Abancay, 2,800 meters, Vargas 1264
(distr. as D. nova; flowers small). Cuzco: Convention, (Raimondi).
North to Colombia.
Dalea catatona Macbr. Candollea 7: 222. 1937. Parosela

Mus. Bot. 4: 105. 1927.
catatona Macbr. Field
Low shrub with several to many prostrate sparsely branched

stems 1-2 dm. long; branchlets sparsely pubescent with spreading
trichomes, soon glabrous, obscurely glandular-punctate; stipules
setiform, about 3 mm. long; leaves 5-7 mm. long, 7-9-foliolate, the
leaflets obovate-oval, more or less involute, about 2 mm. long, 1 mm.
broad, obtuse or rounded, glabrous above, slightly and patently

pilose beneath; spikes scarcely 1 cm. long, the 3-5 flowers about
6 mm. long; bracts ovate-acuminate, nearly 3 mm. long, somewhat
pubescent, little shorter than the lightly strigillose calyx; calyx-
teeth ovate-acuminate, densely pilose, shorter than the tube; petals
purple, banner yellow- white, minutely red-dotted.
Huanuco: Chasqui, in shallow soils, about 3,500 meters, 1770,
type.
Dalea cylindrica Hook. Bot. Misc. 2: 213. 1831. Parosela

cylindrica (Hook.) Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 112. 1927. Dalea
calocalyx Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 10. 1906. D. samancoensis
Ulbr. I.e. 8. Parosela calocalyx (Ulbr.) Macbr. I.e. 104.
Perennial herb, the simple or nearly simple branches often sub-
decumbent at base, attaining several dm., slightly pilose, soon
glabrescent; leaves sparsely glandular with 4-7 pairs of oblong-oval
or obovate leaflets, these 6-15 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, glabrous
and eglandular above, the younger sparsely pilose as well as glandular
beneath, glabrous in age; stipules persisting, setiform, 5-7 mm. long;
spikes 2-8 cm. long on peduncles as long or longer, the flowers violet
with light-colored banner or sometimes at first yellow, in age brown-
ish-violet; rachis glabrous or rather sparsely pilose; bracts oval,
more or less persisting, glabrous or pilose toward the acumen, about
as long as calyx; calyx 5-6 mm. long, glabrous or very sparsely pilose,
densely so on margin within, glandular between the ribs; petals
somewhat exserted on the long claws; pod more or less pilose. The
bracts and calyx in the type of D. calocalyx vary from glabrous to
slightly pubescent; its flowers were noted by the collector as
being at first yellow, fading brownish-violet. The material from
southern Peru seems to be a form or variety with violet flowers.
D, samancoensis I.e. may become D. cylindrica var. samancoensis
(Ulbr.) Macbr., comb, nov., marked by a short-villous rachis, puberu-
lent younger leaflets; there are intermediate specimens difficult
to place. F.M. Negs. 2033 (D. calocalyx); 2039 (D. samancoensis}.
Cajamarca: Cayacati, Cascas and Contumaza, (Raimondi).

Ancash: Between Samanco and Huaraz, 3,000 meters, Weberbauer
3136 (type, D. samancoensis}. Lima: Near Matucana, 2,370
meters, Weberbauer 192 (type, D. calocalyx)', 166. San Buena-
ventura, Pennell 14549. Along Rio Chillon above Obrajillo,
Pennell 14374- Canta, (Cruckshanks, type). Ayacucho: Coracora,
2,900 meters, Weberbauer 5798. Arequipa: Williams 2523; Wilkes
Exped.; Douglas; gravelly river bed, 2,500 meters, Pennell 13155;
13153. Bafios de Taparza, (Raimondi). Moquehua: Carumas,
rainy-green formation, Weberbauer 7291.
Dalea exilis DC. Prodr. 2: 247. 1825. Parosela exilis (DC.)

Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 103. 1927.
Glabrous, from type specimen apparently sprawling, the stems
remotely branched; leaves about 2.5 cm. long with about 11 (9-13)
oblong-elliptic cuspidate petiolulate leaflets 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide; spikes well-peduncled, ovate, about 1 cm. long; bracts sub-
orbicular, abruptly caudate; calyx densely villous, the tube about
2.5 mm. long, the shorter lobes lanceolate-subulate; flowers about
8 mm. long, the wings slightly longer than 3 mm., evidently blue.
Notwithstanding my remarks, Field Mus. Bot. 8: 85. 1930, it
seems probable that this is the same as D. boliviana; the specimen
is young but the flowers are rather large, and the bracts are probably
persistent. The diverse bracts mentioned by DeCandolle are un-

questionably abnormal. Nearly the same is D. onobrychioides
Griseb. of Argentina with, at least as to type, calyx lobes nearly as
FLORA OF PERU 369
long as calyx tube, the bracts with acumen subequaling the body
of the bract. F.M. Neg. 6944.
Peru(?) : Without locality, Pavdn.
Dalea galbina Macbr. Candollea 7: 222. 1937. Parosela

Mus. Bot. 4: 104. 1927.
galbina Macbr. Field
Nearly glabrous, erect, strict or remotely branched shrub 1-1.5
meters high; branchlets slender, moderately glandular-tuberculate,
glabrous or with a few more or less spreading trichomes; leaves 8-10
mm. long, 7-11-foliolate, the oblong-elliptic leaflets slightly cuneate
at base, obtuse, about 2 mm. broad, 5 mm. long, somewhat fleshy,
punctate both sides, glabrous; spikes oblong, 4-6 cm. long, scarcely
1 cm. thick, the peduncle densely glandular and strigose below the
flowers; bracts subrotund, abruptly cuspidate, strongly convex,
densely glandular, minutely strigose, about 3 mm. long; calyces
villous-hirsute, moderately glandular-tuberculate, 2 mm. long, the
subulate teeth scarcely as long, about 0.5 mm. broad at base;
flowers greenish-yellow, nearly 1 cm. long, the banner with two green
spots on the lower half, about 6 mm. long.
Huanuco: Near Huanuco, rock outcrops, 2,500 meters, 3500,
type.
Dalea leporina (Ait.) Bullock, Kew Bull. 196. 1939. Psoralea

leporina Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 81. 1789. Parosela leporina (Ait.) Rydb.
N. Amer. Fl. 24: 78. 1920.
Glabrous annual becoming several dm. high, the long branches
ascending; leaves 5-10 cm. long with numerous (usually more than
20) oblong-elliptic leaflets 5-10 mm. long, rounded or retuse at
apex; peduncles elongate, the dense cylindrical spikes several cm.
long to 1 cm. thick; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with scarious
white margins, subpersisting, glabrous toward the tip; calyx- tube
turbinate, softly pilose, about 2.5 mm. long with subulate lobes about
equaling the tube; flowers usually blue, 2-2.5 mm. long; pod pilose.
The calyx may be more deeply cleft on the back at least as to the
Peruvian specimens, which may be found to be separable. The
similar D. alopecuroides Willd. has caducous, scarcely margined
puberulent bracts and apparently has been found in South America
as near as Bolivia if not actually (see above, p. 364) in Peru.
Apurimac: Ambay, Prov. Abancay, 3,200 meters, Vargas 772.

North to southwestern United States.
Dalea microphylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 482. 1823.

Parosela microphylla (HBK.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10:
106. 1906.
Branched shrub, sometimes sprawling, usually less than 1 meter
high, typically glabrous except the subsessile or shortly peduncled
short or subcapitate spikes, these with more or less pilose bracts,
densely villous calyces; leaves 2-3 cm. long with 2-7 pairs, some-
times more, of oblong obtuse or retuse leaflets typically minute (1-2
mm. long), usually about 5 mm. long, half as broad; spikes 1-1.5
cm. long; calyx-teeth subulate from an ovate base, nearly to quite
as long as the tube; flowers yellowish-red, 6-7 mm. long. The var.
brevis Macbr., comb. nov. (P. microphylla, var. brevis Macbr., Field
Mus. Bot. 4: 103. 1927), is aberrant in its somewhat shorter (2-2.5
mm. long) bracts, broader shorter calyx lobes 1.5 mm. long, the
calyx-tube 2 mm. long; the var. vicina Macbr., comb. nov. (P.
vicina Macbr., I.e.), is probably only distinguishable by the presence of
a few long spreading trichomes on the younger leaves; the type seems
undeveloped, the spikes thus small, subglobose. F.M. Neg. 726.
Piura: Huancabamba, Bonpland, type. Negritos, Valley of the
Parinas, HaughtF-81. Valley of the Quiros, 1,800 meters, Weber-
bauer 6350 (var. vicina). Cajamarca: Valley of the Rio Huanca-
bamba, 1,100 meters, Weberbauer 7119 (var. brevis}.
Dalea moquehuana Macbr., spec. nov.

Annua stricta erecta, circa 1 dm. alta; foliis paucis 2.5-3 cm.
longis, rachis pilosis; foliolis plerumque 4-jugis, oblongo-obovatis,
retusis, 6-8 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, glabris; pedunculis circa
1 cm. longis; spicis ad 2 cm. longis oblongo-cylindraceis; bracteis
sparse puberulis longe caudato-acuminatis 4.5 mm. longis; calycibus
minute glanduloso-punctatis dense villosis fere 4 mm. longis, laciniis
setaceis circa 2 mm. longis; vexillum album 3.5 mm. longum (cum
ungue); alis ut videtur nullis; carina cum ungue mm. longa
fere 4.5
ad circa 2.5 mm. cum tubo staminali connata violacea; staminibus
solum 5; ovario superne dense piloso.
If the flowers examined are normal and interpreted correctly
this delicate annual seems to connect the genera Dalea and Petalo-
stemon; in spite of the 5 instead of 10 stamens it is best, it seems to
me, included in Dalea because of the attachment of the keel petals,
the aspect and the range; Petalostemon is found so far as known
only north of Central America.
Moquehua: Between Moquehua and Torata, rainy-green forma-
tion, 2,000 meters, Weberbauer 7433, type.
FLORA OF PERU 371
Dalea myriadenia Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 9. 1906. Parosela

myriadenia Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 108. 1927.
Low shrub, strikingly tuberculate-glandular throughout, and
completely glabrous except for the more or less densely pilose calyx
and sometimes evanescently puberulent youngest branchlets;
leaves 1.5 to 3 cm. long with 5-8 pairs of thickish cuneate oblong
petiolulate leaflets about 5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad; spikes 2-5
cm. long, the violet-blue flowers 10-12 mm. long; bracts nearly orbic-
ular, abruptly caudate-apiculate, strongly convex, 7-8 mm. long;
calyx about 4 mm. long, the minute subulate teeth nearly concealed
in the dense marginal pubescence; banner 8 mm. long, white with
violet base, the petals violet-blue; pod densely glandular-tuberculate
and pilose apically. F.M. Neg. 731.
Amazonas: Balsas, Weberbauer 4279, type; 190.
Dalea nova Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 5. 1906.
Shrub, the tips of the long branches, young leaves and bracts
lightly pilose; leaves 2-5 cm. long with 5-8 mostly 6 pairs of oblong-
elliptic obtuse leaflets, the mature glabrous ones 10 mm. long, nearly
half as wide; spikes elongating to 1 dm.; calyx densely pilose, about
3 mm. long, the ovate apiculate teeth minute; banner orbicular to
7 mm. long with claw 2-3 mm. long, the petals nearly as long-clawed;
pod pilose, to 3 mm. long. Description after Ulbrich. F.M. Neg.
732.
Cajamarca: Above San Pablo, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer 3838,

type; 257.
Dalea Onobrychis DC. Prodr. 2: 247. 1825.
glabrous, except
Erect, the villous
branchlet tips; stipules
setaceous; leaves with 4-6 pairs of elliptic submucronate leaflets,
punctate beneath; peduncles 4 times longer than the leaf; spikes
ovate cylindraceous, densely villous, the ovate concave setose
mucronate bracts somewhat longer than the villous calyces; flowers
violet. Description after DeCandolle (after negative) peduncle to
;
12 cm. long; leaves 4 cm. long, the petiolulate leaflets nearly 1 cm.
long, 6 mm. broad; calyces at least finally lightly villous, the glandu-
lar punctae visible, the teeth much shorter than the tube; flowers
8-10 mm. long. As indicated by DeCandolle, the type plant may
not be Peruvian, but the following collections seem to accord except
Weberbauer 6854, with longer calyces and larger flowers. F.M. Neg.
6946.
Lima: Rio Blanco, open hillside, 3,000 meters, Killip & Smith
21702. Matucana, 347; 244- Without locality, "misit Lagasca,"
type. Arequipa: At 3,400 meters, Weberbauer
Dalea pazensis Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 3, no. 3: 18. 1893.

Parosela pazensis (Rusby) Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb. 65: 23. 1922.
Tall, erect, woody toward the base, the long slender subher-
baceous or herbaceous upper branches minutely pubescent; stip-
ules setaceous; leaves about 4 cm. long with 6-10 pairs of oblong
elliptic rounded but cuspidate leaflets, mostly 9 mm. long, 2.5-3
mm. wide, typically appressed puberulent both sides; spikes well-
peduncled, at first ovate, elongating oblong-cylindrical; bracts
scarious margined, slightly pilose, filiform caudate, the caudation
nearly as long as the body of the bract; calyx silky pilose, 4 mm. long,
the ovate shortly aristate teeth about a third as long as the tube;
flowers dark blue or indigo blue, partly white. Var. Vargasii
Macbr., var. nov., foliis ubique glabris; bracteis caduceis vel sub-
persistentibus. This plant, apparently common in Cuzco, does not
seem to differ except as noted from the typical form.
Huancavelica: East of Mejorada, sandy gravelly soil, 2,400
meters, Stork & Horton 10913. Apurimac: Abancay, Vargas 1263
(var.). Cuzco: Valle del Urubamba, 2,800 meters, Herrera 3421
(var.). Chicon Canyon, 2,900 meters, Vargas 11067 (type, the var.).
Calca, Vargas 687 (var.). Bolivia.
Dalea Pennellii Macbr. Candollea 7: 223. 1937. Parosela

Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 107. 1927.
Pennellii
Similar to D. boliviana; leaves mostly 9-11-foliate, the oblong-
oval leaflets 6-10 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, more or less appressed
strigillose both sides, rather obscurely punctate beneath; bracts
promptly caducous, long-acuminate, densely and softly pilose as
the shorter calyces; calyx- tube about 3 mm. long, the scarcely half
as long lobes subulate- tipped ; flowers 10-12 mm. long, the type
mulberry purple except for the pale yellowish-white banner.
Arequipa: Arequipa, open sandy soil, 2,500 meters, Pennell
13171, type.
Dalea peruviana Macbr. Candollea 7: 223. 1937. Parosela

peruviana Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 106. 1927.
Perennial, the subherbaceous soon glabrous flexuous stems
prostrate or diffuse, 1.5 to 4 dm. long, simple or remotely branched;
FLORA OF PERU 373
stipules filiform, 4-6 mm. long; leaves 2-4 cm. long, 7-15-foliolate,
the oval or obovate-oblong leaflets rounded at apex, usually 3-5
mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, glabrous; spikes well-peduncled, be-
coming oblong-cylindric, 3.5 cm. long; bracts suborbicular, glabrous,
caudate-acuminate; calyx densely villous, the narrow acuminate
teeth 2-3 times shorter than the tube; flowers about 6 mm. long,
the wings blue, the banner white; ovary hirsute. Nearly D. humi-
fusa Benth. of Ecuador, but that species more or less pubescent.
Lima: Matucana, in firm granitic slope, 301. Huanuco: Ambo,
Yanahuanca, 1167. Huanuco, stony slope, 3507. Junin
31 93, type. :
Tarma, heavy stony soil, 1016; Killip & Smith 21790. Huancayo,
Kittip & Smith 22028. Ancash: Chiquian, Weberbauer 2852.
Bolivia.
Dalea rubricaulis Ulbr. Meded. Rijks Herb. Leiden 27: 50. 1915.
Similar to D. cylindrica but when well-developed a half-shrub
several dm. high; stems glandular, often reddish; leaflets glabrous,
12-18mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, revolute; calyx densely pilose.
-F.M. Neg. 733.
Arequipa: Near Arequipa, Williams 2523. Bolivia.
Dalea Sawadae Macbr. Candollea 7: 222. 1937. Parosela

Sawadae Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 24. 1931.
Much-branched shrub, the lower stems sometimes prostrate but
typically forming hedge-like masses several dm. high; branches
puberulent, finally glabrous, sparsely glandular; stipules setaceous;
leaflets mostly 11, petiolulate, elliptic, 3-8 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad,
glabrous above, puberulent beneath; spikes long-peduncled or some-

times subsessile, ovate in bud, soon oblong-cylindrical, 4-8 cm. long;
bracts glabrous, at least except the short caudation, typically per-
sisting; calyx-teeth unequal, glabrous or nearly, the ovate base
rigidly or nearly spinately subulate-aristate, about 2 mm. long, sub-
equaling the strongly nerved and early villous tube; flowers about
8 mm. long, sometimes white, except for the purple banner. Perhaps
will prove to be a variety of D. boliviano, (or D. exilis).
&
Cajamarca Chota, 2,400 meters, Stork Horton 10053. Celendin,
:
2,625 meters, Woytkowski 5. Huanuco: Near Huanuco, Sawada

Pi 19, type. San Rafael, Sawada Pi 12. Junin: Uspachaca, 1302.
Dalea sericophylla Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 7. 1906. Paro-

Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 111. 1927. Dalea
sela Fieldii Fieldii
Macbr. Candollea 7: 222. 1937.
Laxly branched shrub densely ashy silky villous nearly through-

out; leaves 1.5-2.5 cm. long with 3-7 pairs of oblong-oval acute
leaflets 6-9 mm. long, 2-3 (5) mm. broad; spikes well-peduncled,
more or less nodding from the ends of the branchlets, finally 4-6
cm. long; bracts lance-setaceous, 6-8 mm. long, densely pilose,
slightly exceeding the calyx, this with subulate lobes 2 to nearly
2.5 mm. long, about as long as the tube; flowers nearly 10 mm. long,
the keel and wings blue, the banner yellowish-white. D. Fieldii was
established especially on the 5-7 pairs of leaflets instead of 3-4 as
described for D. sericophylla; examination of the type of the latter
shows the character to be of no significance. D. Killipii Macbr.
of Ecuador has subsessile spikes.
Cajamarca: Hualgayoc, in open shrubs, 3,100 meters, Weber-

bauer 4017, type; 261. Chota, (Raimondi). Junin: Huariaca,
shrubby canyon side, 3117 (type, D. Fieldii); 3108.
Dalea Smithii Macbr. Candollea 7: 223. 1937. Parosela

Smithii Macbr. I.e. 5: 370. 1934.
Nearly D. Pennellii; leaflets glabrous above, sparsely or ob-

scurely puberulent but densely punctate glandular beneath, nearly
oblong, subtruncate and minutely mucronulate apically, mostly
7-10 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; bracts glabrous or glabrate, shortly
and abruptly caudate; calyx-lobes ovate-based, subulate- tipped,
scarcely a third as long as the densely villous tube, this about 3
mm. long.
Ayacucho: Anco, Rio Mantaro Valley, in thickets, 2,500 meters,

Killip & Smith 22180, type.
Dalea sulfurea Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 5. 1906. Parosela

sulfurea (Ulbr.)Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 104. 1927.
Perennial herb or half shrub, the more or less villous branches
procumbent-ascending; leaves 2-3 cm. long with 4-5 pairs of oblong-
oval petiolulate leaflets densely villous beneath, finally lightly so
above, 6-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; stipules 6-7 mm. long; spikes
oblong, about 2 cm. long, shortly peduncled, the sulphur yellow
flowers nearly 12 mm. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long,
sparsely glandular, glabrous; calyx 4-5 mm. long, villous except
the short teeth, these glabrous, 1-1.5 mm. long; banner about
7 mm. long; pod silky villous, glandular. F.M. Neg. 735.
Cajamarca: Below San Miguel, 2,200 meters, Weberbauer
3922, type; 188.
FLORA OF PERU 375
Dalea trichocalyx Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 7. 1906. Parosela

trichocalyx (Ulbr.) Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 102. 1927.
Slenderly branched shrub, sometimes attaining 1 meter, the
uppermost branchlets bearing numerous shortly peduncled or sub-
sessile spikes at their tips; branchlets, leaves and bracts more or
less loosely pilose; leaves 1-3 cm. long with mostly 6 pairs of oblong-
oval leaflets, 5-6 mm. long, about half as broad; flowering spikes
subcapitate, about 1 cm. long, the sulphur yellow flowers reddish-
brown in age; bracts oblong-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long; calyx
6-8 mm. long, densely villous, the filiform lobes as long as or slightly
longer than the tube; banner 4 mm. long, shorter than the wings, the
keel even 7 mm. long; ovary pilose. Glands on bracts and calyx few
and hidden by the pubescence. Not clearly distinct, sens, lat., from D.
carthaginensis (Jacq.) Macbr., comb. nov. (Psoralea carthaginensis
Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 27. 1762; Sel. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 206. 1763);
as remarked by me, I.e., and by Killip, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci.
26: 359. 1936, probably only one variable species is concerned for
this group; but cf. Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 12. 1920. According to
Killip, the Jacquin type has essentially glabrous branches and
leaves, these with 4-6 pairs of leaflets. Notwithstanding this
author's clear presentation of the case for the conservation of
Parosela, his reasoning did not prevail. D. Killipii Macbr. of
Ecuador would key here but has the oblong spikes of D. caerulea,
the pubescent leaves of D. sericophylla.
Ancash: Near Huaraz, 2,200 meters, Weberbauer 2994, type;
173. Lima: Between San Bartolom and Puente de Verrugas,
Weberbauer 5212.
Dalea Weberbaueri Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 9. 1906. Paro-

sela Weberbaueri (Ulbr.) Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 105. 1927.
Leafy, appressed ashy-pilose shrub, usually about 1 meter high;

leaves rarely 2 cm. long with 4-7 pairs of oval leaflets only 3-4
mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad; spikes terminal, 2^4 cm. long, the blue-
violet flowers 10-12 mm. long; bracts caducous, broadly ovate-
acute, pilose, 3-4 mm. long, nearly as broad; calyx densely pilose,
about 3.5 mm. long, the subulate teeth 1-1.5 mm. long; banner 8
mm. long, slightly exceeded by the keel. In my collection 1017,
the wing and banner were white turning purplish with age, the
keel petals blue-purple; in Killip & Smith specimens the banner
was white or greenish- white, deep blue at margin below. F.M.
Neg. 2077.
Ancash: Chacchan, west of Huaraz, pendent from steep canyon

sides, 2538. Junin: In rocks between Tarma and Palca, 2,600
meters, Weberbauer 1 739, type; 176. Near Tarma, Weberbauer 2371 ;
in heavy stony soil, 1017; Killip & Smith 21937; 21826.
46. INDIGOFERAL.
Herbs usually more or less woody toward the base, or shrubs,
with unequally pinnate or rarely 3-foliolate or simple leaves, the
leaflets entire. Stipules usually setaceous. Flowers white, more
or less marked with purple, borne in axillary racemes, the small
calyx shortly 5-toothed. Banner suborbicular or obovate, sessile
or shortly clawed, the wings narrowly oblong adherent to the keel,
the petals of the latter often spurred laterally. Stamens 10, dia-
delphous, the anthers mucronulate. Ovary sessile or nearly, 1-many-
ovulate; stigma capitate, frequently penicillate. Pod oblong to
linear, angled or nearly cylindrical, the variously shaped seeds
partitioned. Genus noteworthy for /. tinctoria L., which, with /.
suffruticosa was the source of the true indigo commerce; both

of
species were much cultivated in tropical lands before the manufacture
of the dye synthetically. I. campestris Bong., of Brazil (det. Harms,
"affine"), Weberbauer 7189, Atiquipa, just reported in press (courtesy
Nelly Dubugnon), must be placed in addenda.
Leaves, especially the younger, glandular punctate beneath; pods
4-6 mm. long, the pubescence spreading /. microcarpa.
Leaves not at all or not obviously punctate; pods longer or if short,

glabrate or the pubescence appressed.
Leaflets or less sericeous strigose, usually 5 mm. long,
more
sometimes twice as large; plants prostrate /. humilis.
Leaflets often 2 or 3 times larger, often glabrous; plants ascend-

ing-erect.
*
Anthers glabrous. . I. macrocarpa.
Anthers with 3-4 bristles at tip /. tephrosioides.
Flowers 2-4 (5) mm. long.
Leaflets 1-3 pairs, cuneate-obovate /. lespedezioides.
Leaflets 2-several pairs, oblong-elliptic, little if at all cuneate

at base.
Pods linear, scarcely more than 1 mm. thick, mucronate by
the 1.5 mm. style; calyx teeth subulate, well exceeding
tube.. ./. mucronata.
FLORA OF PERU 377
Pods oblong-cylindrical, about 2 mm. thick, the style about

1 mm.; calyx teeth narrow, little or not at all exceeding
tube.
Pods 1.5-2 cm. long and distinctly curved unless longer;
leaves usually lightly strigose only beneath.
(/. tinctoria), I. suffruticosa.
Pods straight or nearly, 2-4-seeded, 5-15 mm. long; leaves
more or less ashy strigose, about equally both sides.
/. guatimalensis, I. truxillensis.
Indigofera guatimalensis Moc., Sess & Cerv. ex Prain &

Baker, Journ. Bot. 40: 67. 1902.
Similar to /. truxillensis; branches and leaflets, these especially
beneath, minutely ashy-strigose; calyx 1.5 mm. long; pod oblong,
straight, 5-15 mm. long, the 2-4 seeds slightly round-angled.
Poeppig found it cultivated. Probably it should be included in
/. truxillensis.
Peru: Without locality, Poeppig 1572. Central America; West

Indies; Ecuador.
Indigofera humilis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 454. 1824.

Sericeous strigose, the few-several more or less elongate simple
or nearly simple stems prostrate; leaves 1-2.5 cm. long with 4-5
pairs of oblong or slightly obovate firm leaflets 4-8 mm. long, 2.5-
4 mm. broad, often conduplicate; racemes with elongate peduncles
4-6 cm. long, the few flowers about 8 mm. long; calyx ashy-strigose,
the subequal lance-acuminate lobes 2 mm. long equaling or exceeding
the tube; banner strigose without; pod closely reflexed, ashy strig-
illose or typically glabrous, 2 cm. long, slightly angled, the 6 or 7
seeds quadrate. Resembles greatly /. macrocarpa except in habit
and denser pubescence, and is probably an ecological variant.
There is a herbarium name by Ruiz and Pa von referring to the silvery
color. F.M. Neg. 2046.
Cajamarca: Near Cajamarca, Bonpland, type. Nanchoc, (Rai-
mondi). Huanuco: Near Huanuco, Kanehira 253; prostrate on
stony slopes, flowers brick red, 2347; 2322; 3257; Ruiz & Pavdn
Libertad: North of Huamachuco, in loose stones, 3,350 meters,
West 8100 (det. Johnst.).
Indigofera lespedezioides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 457. 1824.
Thick-rooted greenish gray shrub or half shrub, the virgate

branches several dm. to a meter high; leaves usually about 4 cm.
long, sometimes twice as long, with normally 3-7 (occasionally

1-foliolate) cuneate-oblong or obovate sparsely strigose leaflets
ordinarily about 2 cm. long, 8 mm. broad to twice as large, the lateral
smaller than the terminal, usually mucronate and obtuse apically;
racemes finally exceeding the leaves, the numerous flowers approxi-
mate, rose-colored, 6-7 mm. long; banner ashy strigillose, clawed;
calyx about 3 mm. long, the lance-subulate teeth as long as or slightly
longer than the tube; pod 2-3 cm. long with 8-10 seeds. Illustrated,
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5841; 6518; Spruce 4510; Uk
6446. Brazil and Bolivia to southern Mexico; West Indies.
Indigofera macrocarpa Desv. Ann. Sci. Nat. seY. 1. 4: 409.

1826. /. obrajillensis Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 1: 404. 1854.
7. laxa Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 4. 1906. 7. Weberbaueri Ulbr.

Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 3. 1906.
Greenish gray perennial herb, the long laxly growing stems more or
less woody toward the procumbent bases; leaves 4-7 cm. long with (3)
6-8 pairs of oblong-obovate rounded but mucronate leaflets usually
about 1.5 cm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, not infrequently smaller, some-
times larger, more or less appressed strigose especially beneath;
flowers scarlet to 10 mm. long, the banner lightly strigose, crowded
at anthesis, the raceme with the elongate peduncle then about
8 cm. long; calyx strigose, the subulate acuminate teeth 3-5 mm.
long, longer than the tube; pod deflexed, straight, canescent, 3-4
cm. long with several to 8 quadrate seeds. Similar to I. tephrosioides
HBK. but apparently as noted by Gray, distinct by virtue of the
more pubescent leaflets and especially by the lack of bristles on the
anther-cusp; but these "differences" ought to be proved. F.M. Negs.
2049 (/. laxa); 2054 (/. Weberbaueri).
Ancash: Above Ocros, 2,300 meters, Weberbauer 2722; 166; 173
(type, I. Weberbaueri}. Huaraz, Weberbauer 2996 (associated with
type of /. Weberbaueri}. Cajamarca: Below San Pablo, 2,200
meters, Weberbauer 3880; 257 (type, 7. laxa). Ayacucho: Coracora,
2,600 meters, Weberbauer 5820. Lima: Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped.
(type, 7. obrajillensis}. Rocky slope along Rio Chillon below
Obrajillo, 2,400 meters, Pennell 14435. Open loamy slope, San
Buenaventura, 2,800 meters, Pennell 14502. Open rocky slope,
Canta, 2,900 meters, Pennell 14349. Matucana, pendent on gulch
walls, 306; Raimondi. Without locality, Dombey, type.
FLORA OF PERU 379
Indigofera microcarpa Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 79. 1814.

Decumbent branching strigose canescent half shrub, the pubes-
cence somewhat spreading especially on the ascending branchlets,
the leaves punctate beneath, the punctae frequently dark-colored
and conspicuous; leaves ordinarily 3 cm. long with 4-5 pairs of
obovate obtuse or emarginate minutely mucronulate leaflets mostly
8-10 mm. long, scarcely half as wide; racemes 5 cm. long, rather
shortly peduncled, densely flowered, the flowers 3-6 mm. long,
pinkish or purple; calyx hirsute, the nearly setaceous teeth longer
than the tube; pod pendulous, ashy hirsutulous, 8-10 mm. long,
torulose, with 2-4 seeds. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 6.
Near La Brea, in green shrub formation, Weberbauer
Piura:
7759. Nigritos, Haught F102. Talara, Haught 20. Libertad :
Chicama Valley, Smyth 75. Brazil to the West Indies. "Manoraton."
Indigofera mucronata Spreng. ex DC. Prodr. 2: 227. 1825.

Laxly growing pale-green but lightly strigose pubescent half
shrub, the spreading branches sometimes a meter or two long;
leaves about 1 dm. long with 5-7 (usually 5) thin elliptic leaflets
2 cm. long, half as broad or larger; racemes slender, often a dm. long
or longer, the rather remotely borne flowers scarcely 5 mm. long;
calyx teeth filiform or nearly, much longer than the tube; pod
straight or slightly curved, not torulose, reflexed, sparsely strigose,
many-seeded, 2.5-4 cm. long. I. subulata Vahl. ex Poir. in Lam.
Encycl. Suppl. 3: 150. 1813, is probably the correct name but
Rydberg has remarked that the description calls for simple or tri-
foliolate leaves nearly as long as the racemes.
Tumbez: Hacienda Chicama, deciduous bushwood, 700 meters,

Weberbauer 7671. Widely distributed in warm regions.
Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8. 1768. /. anil

L. Mant. 272. 1771.
Shrub often attaining a meter or two, the strict-angled stems and
branches densely white strigillose as the leaves beneath, the latter
usually glabrate at least in age above; leaves about a dm. long or
longer with 9-15 elliptic to obovate leaflets, acute or obtuse and
mucronate, usually 2-3 cm. long; racemes dense, 2-5 cm. long,
shorter than the leaves; calyx scarcely 1.5 mm. long, strigose, the
minute teeth shorter than the tube; flowers salmon-pink, 4-4.5 mm.
long, the banner strigose; pod sickle-shaped, 1.5-2 cm. long, slightly
torulose, reflexed, strigillose, with 3-7 seeds, these cylindric or some-
what angled. Banner and keel greenish, wing bright orange to

rose (Stork, Horton Vargas).&
Occasionally cultivated as a cover crop and then usually less
pubescent; Ruiz & Pavon noted that "from this plant is extracted
the indigo blue that is used in dyeing." The similar /. tinctoria L.
of Asia, at one time introduced (found at lea by Raimondi) into
many tropical countries to furnish dye, may be recognized by longer,
straight or nearly straight pods. Illustrated, Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
Cajamarca: Cascas and Cayacati, (Raimondi). Shapaja, Belshaw
3346. San Martin: San Roque, Williams 7705. Loreto: Rio
Nanay, Williams 402; 403; 747. Rio Itaya, Williams 3228. Caballo-
Cocha, Williams 2239. Pebas, Williams 1585; 1927. Junin: Near
Huacapistana, (Weberbauer, 246). Ayacucho: Huanta, 2,800
meters, Killip & Smith 23336. Apurimac: Prov. of Abancay, shrub-
land, 2,000 meters, Stork, Horton & Vargas 10525 (distr. as /. truxil-
lensis). Tropical and subtropical America; Africa; Asia. "Anil,"
"anil-anil," "llangua," "mutui," "mutui cube," "mutuy," "indigo."
Indigofera tephrosioides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 455. pi.

580. 1824.
Similar to /. macrocarpa but the leaflets typically oblong, glabrous
above, silvery beneath with appressed silky strigose pubescence, and,
especially, the mucro of the anthers with a few bristles. Perhaps
the bristles are lacking on most specimens because they are caducous;
the following material was determined at Dahlem.
Cajamarca: Cayacati, Chorillos and Chota to Taycabamba,
(Raimondi). Amazonas: Between Chachapoyas and Molino, (Rai-
mondi). Ecuador.
Indigofera truxillensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 456. 1823.

Similar to but usually with fewer leaflets (7-9),
/. suffruticosa,
strigose on both surfaces; pod about 1 cm. long, long-arcuate and

more gradually tapering to tip, usually 4-seeded. Flowers greenish
white, the petals red-purple edged. F.M. Neg. 2129.
Libertad: Truxillo, Bonpland, type. Cuzco: Convention, Her-
rera 15. Huanuco: Near Huanuco, gravelly river flat, 2366. Huer-
tas, rocky western slope, 1346. Widely distributed. "Anil-anil."
47. BARBIERIA DC.

More or less lignescent vine or the long upper branches her-
baceous with alternate odd-pinnate leaves and showy red flowers
FLORA OF PERU 381
borne in the upper axils or in terminal racemes, each subtended by

a pair of bractlets. Calyx tubular, colored, with 5 subequal lobes.
Flowers somewhat papilionaceous, the petals narrow, long-clawed;
banner oblanceolate; wings shorter than banner and keel, the petals
of the latter united above the middle. Upper stamens free, the
others connate. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled, the long style bearded
within, the small stigma terminal. Pod linear, straight, compressed,
2-valved, septate within, impressed without between the transverse
oblong seeds.
Barbieria pinna ta (Pers.) Baill. Hist. PI. 2: 263. 1870. Galactia

pinnata Pers. Syn. PL 2: 302. 1807. Clitoria polyphylla Poir. in
Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 300. 1811. B. polyphylla DC. Me"m. Leg.
242. 1825. B. maynensis Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 58.
1845.
Branchlets more or less conspicuously hirsute, the trichomes
spreading; leaves 1-2 dm. long with 15-23 oblong-elliptic petiolu-
late leaflets rounded at each end, apiculate at tip, usually about
3.5 cm. long,sometimes 5, 8-16 mm. broad, dark green and glabrous
or sparsely hispidulous above, pale and more or less appressed
pilose beneath; racemes remotely few-flowered, the lance-subulate
bracts persistent; calyx bractlets lanceolate-acuminate, 8-10 mm.
long; calyx-tube 1.5-2 cm. long, the setaceous-acuminate teeth
about 1 cm. long; flowers 5 cm. long; pod hirtellous, usually 5 cm.
long, 5 mm. wide, with 7-9 black seeds. Illustrated, Mart. Fl.
Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 9.
Junin: Rio Paucartambo Valley, 700 meters, dense forest,

Killip &
Smith 25367 (det. Harms). La Merced, in thickets,
Killip & Smith 23758. San Martin: Tocache, Poeppig 2367 (type
B. maynensis) Spruce 3852. Loreto Balsapuerto, liana, with blood-
;
:
red and white flowers, in clearing, Klug 2978; 3095. Yurimaguas,

herbaceous vine, Killip & Smith 27941 (det. Harms). Cuzco:
Cosnipata, 700 meters, Weberbauer 6951 (det. Harms). Bolivia
to Mexico; central Brazil; West Indies.
48. GALEGA L.
Smooth, erect but more or less flexuous-stemmed perennial with

imparipinnate leaves, the leaflets many, and long racemes of white
or blue flowers. Stamens connate at base into a tube. Style
glabrous. Pods subterete, continuous within, the valves obliquely
striate. Otherwise like Tephrosia.
Galega officinalis L. Sp. PI. 714. 1753.
Leaves 1-1.5 dm. long, the oblong lanceolate leaflets conspicu-

ously setose-mucronate at the oblong or retuse apex, mostly 4
cm. long, 7-12 mm. broad; stipules semi-sagittate; flowers 10-12
mm. long on filiform pedicels as long as the persisting setaceous
bracts, these about 5 mm. long. Escaped from cultivation in
Ecuador, Bolivia and elsewhere, to be expected in Peru.
Peru (probably). Southern Europe.
49. TEPHROSIA Pers.

Cracca L.
Shrubs or herbs with many of the characters of Indigofera but
the keel petals not spurred and the anthers obtuse. Leaflets usually
with veins obliquely parallel from the midnerve. Flowers red,
purple or white in clusters of 2-6 on terminal racemes or these
sometimes in the upper axils or opposite the leaves, bracted but
ebracteolate. Calyx campanulate, the lower tooth usually longer.
Petals clawed, the standard more or less silky pubescent without,
the wings connate with the keel. Stamens 10, the uppermost more
Pod flat beaked, the
or less free. seeds not or scarcely partitioned.
The name Tephrosia is conserved.
Tall, strict, velvety villous toward the inflorescence . . . . T. toxicaria.
Low-ascending, erect, more or less ashy strigose T. cinerea.
Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 328. 1807. Galega

cinerea L. Syst. ed. 10: 1172. 1759. Cracca cinerea (L.) Morong,
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 79. 1892.
Sprawling to suberect more or less ashy-pubescent annual or
often enduring and becoming a half-shrub with branches several
dm. long; leaves 2-8 cm. long with several to 5 or 6 pairs of oblong
or mostly somewhat oblanceolate leaflets, slightly cuneate at base,
usually obtuse or rounded at apex, often mucronulate, appressed
strigillose above or glabrous, similarly pubescent, but usually more
densely, beneath, 1.5-4 cm. long, 4-8 mm. broad; racemes few,
several-flowered, peduncle opposite the upper leaves; calyx 3-4
mm. long, cinereous with appressed or subappressed or mostly
long trichomes, the subulate subequal teeth as long as or generally
longer than the tube; flowers rarely 1 cm. long, purplish; pods about
5 cm. long, straight or slightly arcuate, finely appressed strigillose.
Variable as interpreted here; cf. Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 160.
FLORA OF PERU 383
1923. Var. littoralis Benth. in Mart. PI. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 48. 1859,
has denser spreading pubescence on petioles and branches. T.
purpurea (L.) Pers., possibly to be expected in Peru as an introduc-
tion from the East Indies, is shrubby, glabrate, with 6-10 pairs of
linear-oblong narrowly oblanceolate, glabrescent leaflets, short
racemes, minutely pubescent calyx and shorter pods 3-4 cm. long.
Piura: Between Piura and Nomala, 200 meters, Weberbauer
5935 (in part var. littoralis}. Talara, Haught 27. Amotape Hills,
Parinas Valley, along watercourses, Haught F104. Amazonas:
Tupen, Weberbauer 4777 (det. Ulbr., T. purpurea). Warm America.
Tephrosia toxicaria (Sw.) Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 329. 1807. Galega

toxicaria Sw. Prodr. 108. 1788.
Slender rusty pubescent shrub 1-3 meters high, the strict
stem nearly velvety-pilose and subherbaceous above; leaves often
2-3 dm. long with 12-20 pairs of oblong leaflets rounded but mu-
cronate at tip, petiolulate, appressed pilose at least beneath, 7 cm.
long, 1.5 cm. broad, often smaller; racemes dense, terminal and
axillary, 5-10 cm. long or longer in fruit, the fasciculate silky pilose
flowers on pedicels 2-4 mm. long, subtended by setaceous acuminate
caducous bracts; banner 1 cm. long or longer; pod silky villous,
5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, straight or nearly, with usually 10-15
seeds. Flowers whitish or a yellowish-green sometimes purplish
at base or white except for the green banner, this with white edges.
Commonly used as a poison and cultivated for this purpose.

fish
In Convention its use isassociated with a fiesta called "Cuti"
(Herrera). The plant, especially the roots, is pounded finely and
thrown on the surface of the quiet water; fish in the vicinity more or
lessparalyzed by the effect of the plant come to the surface and are
then readily taken. Also used as an insecticide for coca; grown
from seed and harvested about every three years (Killip & Smith).
Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira. Junin: Cultivated along Rio
Perene', Killip &
Smith 25134. Pichis Trail, 1,600 meters, Killip
6 Smith 25489; 25719 (cultivated or escaped into thickets). La
Merced, bushy slope, 5661. Ayacucho: Aina, Killip & Smith
22300; 22558. Loreto: Balsapuerto, clearing, Killip & Smith
28459. Puerto Leguia, Killip & Smith 27503. Rio Itaya, Killip
& Smith 29677. Santa Rosa, Killip & Smith 28811; Williams 4959.
Mishuyacu, King 720; 1011. Rio Nanay, Williams 441; 1267.
Widely distributed or cultivated in tropical and subtropical America.
"Barbasco," "tirana barbasco," "muyuy cube," "cube ordinario,"

"kkumu" (fide Killip), "tingui de cayenne."
50. SESBANIA Scop.

Herbs or rather low shrubs, the leaves abruptly pinnate with
many entire leaflets. Stipules small, deciduous. Flowers loosely
borne on axillary racemes, one bract at the base of the pedicels, a
pair of bractlets below the calyx, both deciduous. Calyx shortly
lobed, the lobes subequal. Flowers yellow or somewhat marked
with purple (or in one species, white to red), the banner longer than
the other petals, clawed. Keel incurved, obtuse, the petals long-
clawed, often orbiculate. Stamens diadelphous, the free filament
slightly bent below. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled. Pod linear,
somewhat compressed, beaked, the many seeds transversely sepa-
rated. The related Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud., native of
Central America, may be cultivated as a shade tree; it has impari-
pinnate leaves, the leaflets of medium size, and axillary racemes
of lilac or pink flowers, the banner with a yellow or white spot.
Sesbania exasparata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 534. 1824.

Glabrous, the long angulate branches subherbaceous above;
leaves 2-3 dm. long, with many (to 50) oblong elliptic leaflets 1-2.5
cm. long, 3-6 mm. broad; flowers few, 2-2.5 cm. long on slender
pedicels; calyx-tube 4-5 mm. long, the acuminate teeth shorter;
pod linear, 2-2.5 dm. long, slightly torulose. Plant with strong
odor like tan-bark (Haught). The leaves collapse when irritated.
Other species of wide distribution that consequently may be
found in Peru are S. sericea (Willd.) Link, and S. Sesban (L.) Britton,
the former with leaflets pubescent beneath, the latter with glabrous
leaflets, the flowers 1.5 cm. long; both these species ordinarily have
fewer leaflets than S. exasparata. The low tree S. grandiflora Poir.
(Agati grandiflora (L.) Desv.) with white, pink or bright red flowers,
6-7 cm. long, borne in axillary racemes, may be introduced.
Piura: Parinas Valley, Haught F165 (det. Killip) Loreto: .
Iquitos, Williams 7895. Port of New York, Ucayali, (Huber). To

Central America and the West Indies. "Frijalilla."
51. APURIMACIA Harms

Similar to Coursetia to which it could be referred, but branches
slender, virgate; racemes many-flowered, the flowers mostly borne

in pairs and, especially, the style glabrous unless at base.
FLORA OF PERU 385
Apurimacia Michelii (Rusby) Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19:

10. 1923. Gliricidia Michelii Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 22.
1896.
Open or laxly growing lightly pubescent shrub, usually 1-2

meters high, the tips of the long -striately angled branches and the
opening leaves silky pilose with ashy or brownish trichomes; leaves
5-12 cm. long with 5-9 pairs of oblong-elliptic or somewhat lanceo-
late obtuse and mucronulate or acutish leaflets, glabrous above,
minutely and sparsely appressed strigillose beneath or finally gla-
brate, mostly about 2 cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad; racemes usually
5 cm. long, densely many-flowered; pedicels 1-4 mm. long; calyx
more or less silky strigose, typically oblong-campanulate, the tube
3 mm. long, the short deltoid acutish lobes less than half as long;
banner suborbicular moderately appressed sericeous without as to
type; pods minutely strigillose or glabrate, coriaceous, 5-7 cm. long,
about 13 mm. wide, obscurely impressed between the suborbicular
seeds. Flowers violet (Weberbauer) varying degrees of pale purple
;
(Stork & Horton); dull bluish, the bases green according to my

collection.
Harms, I.e. 11, proposed three closely related species which as

he himself suggested might prove to be forms of one: A. libertatis
Harms, characterized particularly by nearly glabrous banner; A.
incarum Harms, slightly more acute leaflets and more lanceolate
calyx teeth, little shorter than the tube; A. lonchocarpoides Harms,
I.e. 12, the banner smooth or nearly, the calyx teeth short. The
accumulating collections do not indicate that these forms can be
maintained as species.
According to Weberbauer and Raimondi the roots are used as a
narcotic in fishing. Also it is an insecticide for the cure of cattle
infected with Distoma hepaticum and its ash is an ingredient of
"llipta," employed in the chewing of coca (Herrera). F.M. Negs.
2070 (A. incarum); 2071 (A. libertatis); 2072 (A. lonchocarpoides).
Ancash: Valley of the Puccha, 2,700 meters, Weberbauer 3740
(type, A. lonchocarpoides). Libertad: Above Huaylillas, among
rainy-green shrubs, 2,900 meters, Weberbauer 7083 (type, A. liber-
tatis) Tayabamba, Raimondi. Ayacucho Near Huanta, in shrub-
. :
wood, Weberbauer 7508. Lima: Yauyos, (Raimondi, det. Harms, A.

incarum). Huanuco: Near Huanuco, Sawada P. 79. Junin: Uspa-
chaca, river canyon, 1293. Huariaca, 21*03. San Rafael, 3137.
Apurimac: Near Chalhuanca, 2,800 meters, Weberbauer 7172 (type,
A. incarum). Oropeza Valley, Vargas 9772. Pincos, 2,700 meters,
Stork & Horton 10694. Argama, trailing or scandent among shrubs,

West 3749 (det. Johnst.). Cuzco: Calca, 2,960 meters, Vargas 693.
Ollantaytambo, Cook & Gilbert 800. Urubamba Valley, Cook &
Gilbert 1 775; Herrera 2078. Yucay, Soukup 732. Paruro, (Raimondi,
det. Harms, A. incarum). Bolivia. "Chacanhuai," "chacanuai"
(Herrera), "chachahuay" (Raimondi), "chacanoa" (C. & G.).
52. COURSETIA DC.

Cracca Benth.; Benthamantha Alef.; Poissonia Baill.
Glabrate to softly pubescent perennials, shrubs or trees with

abruptly or odd-pinnate leaves, these with many, rarely reduced
to 1, entire petiolulate or sessile leaflets, the stipules subulate, some-
times somewhat spinescent. Racemes axillary, the pedicellate
flowers solitary in the axils of small or setaceous caducous bracts.
Calyx-teeth broad, subequal, the upper two often united higher.
Petals subequal, the banner broad, sometimes with reflexed mar-
gins, the wings obovate-oblong, free; the keel often incurved,
its petals coherent above. Stamens 10, the upper free or lightly
connate with the other at the middle. Ovary sessile, many-ovulate,
the style inflexed at base, bearded toward or at apex all around
or on the inner side. Pod linear, compressed, 2-valved, usually
more or less obviously constricted exteriorly between the seeds,
often deeply, the pod thus partitioned or frequently septate. Seeds
subquadrate to rectangular or orbicular.
Hauman, Kew Bull. 276-279. 1925, has taken up the genus of
Baillon, but as pointed out by Bentham in Hook. Icon. PI. ser. 3. 1 52. :
1870, and Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 15. 1923, it is more properly
considered a section with unif oliolate leaves, similar variation occur-
ring in Indigofera, Tephrosia, Desmodium, Swartzia, Dalbergia and
other genera. The style pubescence is variable in position and
amount. Likewise Cracca Bentham (Benthamantha Alef.) is evi-
dently a component of Coursetia because C. orbicularis (Poissonia)
as well as other species have pods more or less impressed about the
seeds, showing that this character, the single diagnostic one for
Cracca, is variable.
Leaves pinnate.
Leaflets 3-5 (-7) pairs; pod glabrous.
Leaflets 1-3 cm. long; flowers about 1 cm. long. .C. ochroleuca.
Leaflets 5-9 mm. long; flowers about 1.5 cm. long.
C. Weberbaueri.
FLORA OF PERU 387
Leaflets 6-20 pairs; pods sometimes pubescent.

Pubescence abundant, at least on leaves beneath.
Leaflets 12-15 mm. long or longer, at least many of them.
Leaflets rounded at tip, mucronulate C. grandiflora,
Leaflets distinctly apiculate C. Harmsii.
Leaflets 5-7 mm. long or smaller.
Flowers 10 mm. long or longer C. tephrodes.
Flowers about 8 mm. long or shorter C. fruticosa.
Pubescence sparse even on leaves beneath C. tumbezensis.
Leaves unifoliolate.
Leaves suborbicular, the petioles short C. orbicularis.

Leaves cordate, the petioles 10 mm. long or longer. .C. eriantha.
. .
Coursetia eriantha Benth. in Hook. Icon. PI. ser. 3. 1: 52. 1870.

Poissonia eriantha (Benth.) Haum. Kew Bull. 279. 1925.
Shrub with unifoliolate leaves, the broadly ovate or orbicular
leaflet broadly cordate at base, white tomentose, nearly lanate
beneath, green and glabrous above, 3-4 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm.
broad; petioles 10-14 mm. long; flowers few, violet, the banner
white pubescent; calyx turbinate, the teeth subulate from a broad
base, the sinuses broadly rounded; style bearded on the inner side,
glabrous just below the stigma; pod (immature) 3 cm. long, smooth,
with 7 seeds. Description compiled from Bentham and Hauman.
Pearce noted the plant as an evergreen shrub 2-3 meters high.
Cuzco: La Banca, Prov. Anta, 2,700 meters, (Pearce, type).
Coursetia fruticosa (Cav.) Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 88. 1925.

Lathyrus fruticosus Cav. Icon. 1: 58. pi. 84. 1791. Orobus tomentosus
Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. ed. 1: 195. 1804. C. tomentosa (Desf.) DC.
Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 1. 4: 92. 1825. Cracca poliophylla Harms,
Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 236. 1922. C. perplexans Macbr. I.e.
Shrub usually about meter high, often with numerous short

1
branches, the subherbaceous flowering branchlets, leaves and calyces
densely ashy villous- tomentose, the trichomes somewhat spreading;
leaves subsessile, 2-3 cm. long, with 6-20 pairs of oblong-oval blunt
or minutely mucronulate leaflets, generally about 5 mm. long and
half as broad, rarely glabrescent above; stipules linear, 4-7 mm.
long; racemes axillary, few-flowered, 3-4 cm. long; pedicels short;
calyx 3.5 mm. long, the tube somewhat exceeded by the lance-
subulate teeth; flowers glabrous, greenish-yellow, about 8 mm. long,
the orbicular banner emarginate; style minutely bearded above;

pod linear-oblong more or less compressed without between the 8-10
seeds, villous, about 4-5 cm. long, 5-6 mm. broad. Scraggly shrub
that makes masses of wood with mere sprigs of leaves and flowers
(Stork & Horton). The species of Harms, i.e. C. perplexans Macbr.,
the only material seen with mature fruit, may be distinct as it shows
considerable constriction of the pods between the seeds. C. dubia
(HBK.) DC., common in Ecuador, if found in Peru may be dis-
tinguished by the leaves glabrous above, the glabrous pods con-
stricted only exteriorly between the seeds. F.M. Neg. 2082.
Huanuco: Cultivated at Madrid from seeds from Huanuco, type;

gravelly gulch, 3248; 2449; Sawada P.123; Kanehira 220; dry,
rocky mountain side, 1,930 meters, Stork & Horton 9393. Apuri-
mac: Near Amoray, among shrubs, Weberbauer 7173 (type, C.
poliophylla) .
Oropeza Valley, 2,500 meters, Vargas 9766. Cuzco:
Calca, 2,960 meters, Vargas 698 (leaflets glabrate above).
Coursetia grandiflora Benth. ex Benth. & Oerst. Vid. Medd.

Kjoeb. 1853: 10. 1854.
Densely leafy shrub, the leaves with about 12 pairs of oblong,
obtuse but mucronulate leaflets mostly 1.5 cm. long, 5-6 mm.
broad, loosely ashy villous beneath, glabrate in age above and
evidently net- veined, subcoriaceous; racemes 8-10 cm. long;
pedicels 2-6 mm. long or about twice as long as the calyx, this
with tube and ovate subulate teeth subequal; banner to 18 mm. long,
apparently often shorter, the keel arcuate, subrostrate; pod (im-
mature) 4 cm. long, probably lightly pubescent, slightly constricted
between the seeds. Known to me only from leaf-scrap and photo-
graph. C. mollis, if sought here, is mentioned under C. tumbezensis.
F.M. Neg. 2074.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 7164, type.
Coursetia Harmsii Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 12. 1906.

Upper branches, leaflets beneath and rachis of the long racemes
densely villous with rather long trichomes; leaves 5-12 cm. long with
8-15 pairs of oblong lanceolate acutely acuminate leaflets 10-15
mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, puberulent above in age and manifestly
reticulate- veined; flowers 12-16 mm. long, the pedicels about
5 mm. long; calyx 5 mm. long, the ovate acute teeth much shorter
than the strigillose-tomentose tube; banner suborbicular, the keel
broadly rostrate; style densely bearded within; pod (immature) 5.5 cm.
FLORA OF PERU 389
long, 3 mm. broad, glabrous, not obviously constricted between

the seeds. Description of pod from my
collection; the species seems
to approach, as suggested by the author, C. grandiflora, but the
pubescence is less tangled and apparently the mature pods will
show further distinctions.
Ancash: Below Pampa Romas near Samanco, 2,100 meters,
Weberbauer 3192, type. In shrubs, gravelly valley, flowers pink-
white, Tambo de Pariocota, 2547.
Coursetia ochroleuca (Jacq.) Macbr., comb. nov. Galega

ochroleuca Jacq. Icon. Rar. 1: 15. pi. 150. 1786. Cracca ochroleuca
(Jacq.) Benth. & Oerst. Vid. Medd. Kjoeb. 1853: 9. 1854. Bentha-
mantha ochroleuca Bonplandia 10: 264. pi. 150. 1862.
(Jacq.) Alef.
Lightly pubescent perennial more or less woody toward the base,
the sparsely branched stem becoming a few dm. high; stipules subu-
late setaceous to 10 mm. long; leaves about 1 dm. long, with 5-7
usually oval blunt but mucronulate leaflets, 1-3 cm. long; racemes
few-flowered, sometimes 1 dm. long; pedicels recurved in fruit, 3-4
mm. long, longer than the pilose calyx, the calyx- teeth as long as or
longer than the tube; flowers 7-10 mm. long, yellowish, often tinged
with red; pod glabrous, 3-5 cm. long, 3.5 mm. broad, distinctly
impressed between the seeds. The similar C. caribaea (Jacq.)
Benth. has more numerous leaflets and appressed strigose pubes-
cence. C. glandulifera (Benth.) Macbr., comb. nov. (Tephrosia
glandulifera Benth. PI. Hartw. 115. 1843), found as near as Ecuador,
has smaller flowers, the pubescence in part glandular.
Lima: Chanchay and Cheuchin, Dombey. Chosica, in rocks or
North to Central America.
river gravel, 492; 525.
Coursetia orbicularis Benth. in Hook. Icon. ser. 3. 1: 52. pi.

1065. February, 1870. Poissonia orbicularis (Benth.) Haum. Kew
Bull. 278. 1925. P. solanacea Baill. Adansonia 9: 296. April, 1870.
Much branched shrub similar to C. eriantha, but the nearly
orbicular leaves about 2 cm. long on petioles only 5-6 mm. long;
flowers 1-3, the pedicels 4-8 mm. long; calyx 10 mm. long, tomentose,
the teeth acuminate; petals roseate, glabrous; style bearded all
around apically; pod glabrous, 2.5-7 cm. long, 6-8 mm. broad, 3-6-
seeded. The var. mantaroana Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 15.
1923 (P. orbicularis var. mantaroana (Harms) Haum. I.e. 279) has
the leaves tomentose on both sides, the flowers more numerous,
the pods distinctly constricted between the seeds, pointing to the
unity of the genus with Benthamantha. F.M. Neg. 2078 (the var.).
Huancavelica: 2,400 meters, (Pearce, type). Valley of the Rio

Mantaro on grass steppe, 1,400 meters, Weberbauer 6513 (type, the
var.). Without locality, Gay 1647; 180.
Coursetia tephrodes Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 236. 1924.

Shrub with apparently the habit of C. fruticosa and similar in
foliage and pubescence but the more numerous roseate flowers
somewhat larger; peduncle to 2 dm. long, the pedicels 4-5 mm.
long, about half as long as the densely strigose calyx, this with sub-
equal teeth and tube, the former lance-acuminate; keel shortly
rostrate-acute. As suggested by the author, this approaches C.
Harmsii and may prove to be a variety. F.M. Neg. 2076.
Cajamarca: Near Cajabamba, in rainy-green shrubs, 2,700
meters, Weberbauer 7214, type.
Coursetia tumbezensis Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 97. 1930.
Nearly glabrous apparently little-branched shrub attaining 4

meters; stipules 5 mm. long; leaves about 1.5 dm. long with 15-18
pairs of oblong-elliptic abruptly apiculate membranous glabrate
leaflets, the larger nearly 2.5 cm. long, about 8 mm. broad; racemes
long-peduncled, laxly flowered, 2 dm. long or longer, minutely
appressed strigillose, the slender pedicels to 1 cm. long; calyx-teeth
broadly ovate-acuminate, nearly 2 mm. long, shorter than the tube;
flowers purple, nearly 15 mm. long, the arcuate keel acutish; style
longitudinally bearded at tip; pod glabrous (immature). A silky
pilosity on the young parts is more or less promptly deciduous.
In the absence of fruit, the generic identity is not certain, but the
styleand calyx are those of this genus. C. mollis (Benth. & Oerst.)
Macbr., comb. nov. (Cracca mollis Benth. & Oerst. Vid. Medd.
Kjoeb. 1853: 9. 1854), Ecuadorian, has softly pubescent branchlets
and leaves.
Tumbez: Deciduous bushwood, east of Hacienda Chicama, 1,000
meters, Weberbauer 7647, type.
Coursetia Weberbaueri Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 95. 1909.
Low stocky much-branched shrub, the younger branches and

leaves and elongate racemes ashy silky-pubescent, glabrate in age;
leaves odd-pinnate, 1-2.5 cm. long, with 3-5, usually 4, pairs of
obovate or oblong, obtuse, sometimes retuse leaflets, 5-9 mm.
long, 3-7 mm. broad; stipules lanceolate-acute to 4 mm. long;
pedicels as the calyces glandular-pilose, the former 3-4 mm. long,
FLORA OF PERU 391
the latter twice as long, with tube 3.5 mm. long, the broadly lan-
ceolate-acuminate teeth about 6 mm. long; banner 17 mm. long, the
acute keel 11-12 mm.
long; ovary glabrous. Remarkable in its
distinctive few leaflets and
in this respect connecting C. ochroleuca
and relatives with species more characteristic of Coursetia. F.M.
Neg. 2077.
Arequipa: Loma formation, 200 meters, Tambo near Mollendo,
Weberbauer 1567, type.
53. ASTRAGALUS L.
Herbs, often somewhat lignescent at base and densely branched,

the Peruvian usually cespitose, more or less pubescent, rarely
spinescent from the indurated petioles of the odd-pinnate leaves.
Stipules free, or more or less adnate. Calyx tubular, the teeth
subequal. Flowers usually long and narrow, the banner equaling
or exceeding the wings and blunt keel. Stamens diadelphous.
Ovary sessile or stiped, 2-many-ovuled. Pod 2-many-seeded,
various in form and texture, one or both sutures usually projecting
into the cell, the pod thus more or less imperfectly divided.
Flowers about 1 cm. long or longer.

Plants diffuse, the slender stems elongating 1-several dm.; bracts
inconspicuous or flowers pedicellate and more or less loosely
racemose.
Leaflets ashy-sericeous both sides; pods without false septum,
not sharply reflexed A. Richii.
Leaflets soon green or not cinereous, glabrate or glabrous
above; pods with false (at least rudimentary) septum.
Leaflets glabrate or sparsely strigose beneath; pods glabrate
or glabrous, reflexed.
Flowers at most 1 cm. long; ovary glabrous A. cracca.
Flowers 12-15 mm. long; ovary strigose. .A. Weberbaueri.
.
Leaflets pilose beneath; pods pubescent, not reflexed.

A. romasanus.
Plants with stout often tufted erect stems, or if diffuse, depressed-
cespitose.
Flowers racemose or capitate on more or less developed pe-
duncles or if these obsolete and flowers solitary (alpine
states) foliage somewhat cinereous.
Stems tufted, a dm. high or higher; peduncles stiff, well
developed.
Leaflets soon deciduous, the rachis persisting and spine-
like A. Dombeyi.
Leaflets tardily deciduous, the rachis rarely persisting.
A. Garbancillo.
Stems depressed, shorter; peduncles more or less recurved
or obsolete A. Pickeringii.
Flowers solitary or few, axillary; plants depressed.
Leaves green A. uniflorus.
Leaves shaggy, white- villous A. Dillinghami.
Flowers rarely 8 mm. long.
Perennials, depressed or tufted.
Flowers more or less peduncled, solitary or usually 2 or more in
racemes or heads.
Plants somewhat cinereous with more or less spreading
pubescence.
Pods lunate; leaflets about 5 mm. wide or wider.
A. arequipensis.
Pods ovoid; leaflets 2-4 mm. wide A. Brackenridgei.
Plants green, glabrate or the pubescence appressed-strigose,
sparse.
Leaflets mostly obtuse or acutish.
Leaflets 9-12 pairs; calyx pubescent . . A, Cuatrecasasii.
Leaflets 3-6 pairs; calyx nearly glabrous . . A. punensis.
Flowers 3-4 mm. long; leaflets 6-8 pairs .A. micranthellus.
Leaflets emarginate.
Leaflets small, 4-8 pairs A. Pilgeri.
Leaflets several mm. long, 8-12 pairs. . . . A. cryptanthus.
Flowers solitary or geminate in the axils, sessile or subsessile.
Leaflets minute, about 1 mm. long, sometimes to 2 mm. long

but then green.
Plants more or less strigillose but greenish.
Leaflets 3-9 pairs, minute.
Leaflets 5-9 pairs.
Leaflets rather remote, oblong; calyx- teeth much
shorter than the tube.
Leaflets somewhat pubescent A. minimus.
FLORA OF PERU 393
Leaflets glabrous A. punensis.

Leaflets crowded, oval; calyx- teeth and tube sub-
equal A. alpamarcae.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs, minute A. minutissimus.
Leaflets 10-14 pairs, to 3 mm. long. . . .A. casapaltensis.
Plants silvery-strigose A. Dielsii.
Leaflets usually larger, always cinereous with loose pubes-

cence.
Flowers 5-7 mm. long; calyx- teeth much shorter than the
tube.
Stipules pilose or glabrate, subenclosing the flowers.

A. pusillus.
Stipules imbricate, glabrous, the flowers terminal.
A. peruvianus.
Flowers 8 mm. long or longer; calyx-tube and teeth sub-
equal A. Dillinghami.
Annual A. triflorus.
Astragalus alpamarcae Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 1: 417.

1854.
Depressed, densely tufted, the woody caudex much branched,

the plants only a cm. or two high; stipules vaginate; leaves many,
5-10 mm. long with 5-10 pairs of oval or obcordate emarginate
early silvery- villous, soon glabrous minute leaflets; flowers scarcely
5 mm. long, solitary or binate, sessile or nearly, terminal; calyx
campanulate, 3 mm. long, sparsely pubescent, the slightly shorter
teeth triangular, subulate; banner broadly obovate; ovary 2-celled,
biovuled, silky-villous. Flowers light purple, the banner with a
central white spot.
Lima: Casapalca, loose soils of alpine basin slopes, 5,000 meters,
837 (det. Johnst.). Near Alpamarca, Wilkes Exped., type.
Astragalus arequipensis Vog. Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol.

19:Suppl. 1: 17. 1843.
Plants forming close tufts about 1 dm. high, the leaves much
longer than the short stems and axillary shortly peduncled spikes;
leaflets 7-14 pairs, oblong-elliptic, emarginate, usually 8-10 mm.
long, about half as broad, typically glabrous or glabrate above, laxly

pilose beneath as also the rachis; stipules free from the petiole but
connate; peduncles a cm. or so long, the flowers bluish, 6 or 7 mm.
long, subcapitate; calyx narrowly campanulate, black and white

pilose, scarcely 4 mm. narrow acute teeth shorter than or
long, the
about as long as the tube; pods sessile, triquetrous, somewhat
falcate, coriaceous, sparsely strigillose, about 1 cm. long, 6 mm.
thick. According to Pennell the plant is poisonous to stock. A.
Orbignyanus Wedd., Chlor. And. 2: 260. 1857, of Bolivia, is scarcely
distinct, the leaflets long-pilose even above as in Werdermann 1119.
F.M. Neg. 145.
Cuzco: Pfinay-pampa, 4,000 meters, among grasses, Vargas
9754- Arequipa: Near Arequipa, Meyen 62, type. Between
Arequipa and Puno, Hammarlund 73. Puno: Chuquibambilla,
3,900 meters, rocky-clay soil, Pennell 13351. Putina, Soukup 966;
1239. Orurillo, Soukup 847. Grass steppes near Titicaca, (Weber-
bauer, 185). Tacna: Ancara, 4,300 meters, Werdermann 1119 (det.
Johnst.). To Argentina.
Astragalus Brackenridgei Gray, U. S. Explor. Exped. Bot.

1: 416. 1854.A. salubris Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 25. 1931.
With the habit A. arequipensis and similar except that the
of
stipules are vaginateabout the slender petioles, the leaflets oblong
and narrower and, especially, the pods ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, half as
thick. The racemes are often very short, dense and black-pilose.
Named for Mr. Brackenridge, who aided in the plant collection on
the Wilkes Expedition. Johnston is correct in regarding the speci-
men segregated by me as a smaller form.
Lima: Above Banos, Wilkes Exped., type. Junin: Cerro de
Pasco, Sawada P. 86 (type, A. salubris). Shelby, grassy stony plains,
1089. Morococha, short grass slopes, 4,500 meters, 889; 1531;
Martinet. Near Junin, (Hitchcock 22189, det. Johnst.). Tuapata,
3,750 meters, (Watkins, det. Johnst.).
Astragalus casapaltensis Ball, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 22: 36.

1885.
With the habit of A. alpamarcae but often larger usually more
numerous leaflets sparsely long-strigose, soon glabrate, 4 mm. long,
half as broad, the calyx- teeth not much shorter than the tube, the
flowers about 6 mm. long; ovary 4-6-ovuled; pods oblong, tri-
quetrous, 5-7 mm. long, about 4 mm. thick, obscurely and sparsely
puberulent, finally glabrous. Flowers bright lilac-red or lavender,
the banner with central white spot. Determinations by Johnston.
Lima: Casapalca, 4,200 meters, (Ball, type). Rio Blanco, 817;
3020. Junin: Huaron, rocky slope, 4,500 meters, 1114- Cerro de
FLORA OF PERU 395
Pasco, 2401; 3067; 3076. Near Huancayo, Killip & Smith 22123.
Casa Cancha, Wilkes Exped.
Astragalus cracca DC. Astrag. 101. pi. 9. 1802. A. ocrosianus

Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 419. 1906.
Resembling A. Richii but the pale green leaves are less pubescent,
the plant thus not cinereous and, especially, the ovary is glabrous and
the pods firm, somewhat 3-angled and oblong to about 15 mm. long,
half as broad, partly 2-celledby intrusion of lower suture to 1 mm.
high. Johnston, Journ. Arnold Arb. 19: 91. 1938, has with his usual
lucidity pointed out these distinctions. The pods however are not
always closely reflexed as he states; the curved pedicels at maturity
may be horizontally spreading or even ascending. F.M. Neg. 147
(A. ocrosianus).
Ancash: Ocros, 3,300 meters, Weberbauer 2666 (type, A. ocrosi-
anus')170.
; Lima: Canta, open grassy knolls, 3,000 meters, Pennell
14607 (det. Johnst.); open rocky slope, 2,700 meters, Pennell 14345.
Matucana, in loose soils, 293. Without locality, Dombey, type.
Astragalus cryptanthus Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 259. 1857.

Low, cespitose, with the habit of A. arequipensis but glabrous or
glabrate, the leaves yellowish-green or bright green with 8-12 pairs
of obovate emarginate leaflets; stipules vaginate at base, shortly
bifid; flowers 3-5, about 6 mm. long on axillary peduncles only
about 1 cm. long; calyx 4-5 mm. long, appressed black pubescent,
the subulate teeth much shorter than the campanulate tube; pods
to 12 mm.
long, barely 5 mm. broad, falcate, deeply sulcate, mi-
nutely or scarcely puberulent, glabrate in age.- Stems a dm. high
or higher, the larger leaflets 7 mm. long, 5 mm. broad.
Tacna: Chislluma, 4,500 meters, Werdermann 1159. Bolivia.
Astragalus Cuatrecasasii Macbr. Candollea 7: 221. 1937.

Laxly cespitose as A. micranthellus, the diffuse stems 5-10 cm.
long; leaves green, sparsely hispidulous, finally nearly glabrous,
1.5-2 cm. long with 9-12 pairs of oblong, obtuse or acutish leaflets,
scarcely 2 mm. long, less than 1 mm. broad; stipules 3 mm. long,
connate only at base; flowers 7 mm. long, solitary or 2 or 3 on short
axillary peduncles much shorter than the subtending leaf; calyx in
type densely short-black-pubescent, 4 mm. long, the linear subulate
teeth half as long; banner broadly obovate; ovary 1-celled with 2
ovules. A. modestus Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 262. 1857, of Bolivia, is,
ex char., rather similar but the leaflets are 6 pairs or fewer, 3-4 mm.
long, the stipules coalescent to the middle, the calyx-teeth and tube
subequal. Named for my friend, J. Cuatrecasas. F.M. Neg. 30016.
Peru (?) : Without locality, Ruiz & Pavdn, type.
Astragalus Dielsii Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 24. 1931.

Similar to A. alpamarcae but at least in flower silvery-pubescent
with rather long subappressed trichomes; leaflets 5-7 pairs, obovate,
retuse, minute; flower solitary, subsessile, 8 mm. long, pale blue;
calyx-teeth narrowly triangular, about 1.5 mm. long, the closely
appressed-sericeous tube nearly twice as long; banner subrotund;
pods broadly ovoid, glabrous or nearly, 1-celled but the lower suture
inflexed, 1-seeded, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. thick. Named for my friend,
L. Diels.
Ancash: Yanashallos, loose stony slopes, 2479, type. Junin: La
Oroya, Weberbauer 1704 (det. Johnst.).
Astragalus Dillinghami Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 98. 1930.

Depressed, compact, the stoutly branched caudex or ligneous
stems a cm. or two high, clothed with the densely silvery-villous
leaves in which the pale lilac flowers are partially concealed;
stipules imbricate, membranous, villous; leaves 1.5-2 cm. long, the
abundant trichomes to 2.5 mm. long; leaflets 4-6 pairs, ovate-
lanceolate, acute, mostly about 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; flowers
crowded or few in the axils, about 1 cm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate,
5 mm. long, appressed- villous; calyx inordinately villous, 7 mm. long,
the linear-setaceous teeth little shorter than the tube. Named for
Mr. Dillingham of Morococha of the Cerro de Pasco Copper Cor-
poration. A. Urbanianus Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 422. 1906, of Bolivia,
is similar but is much less villous and the stout stems are
somewhat
conspicuously clothed with the membranous yellow imbricated
stipules.
Junin: Near Morococha, stony short-grass slopes, 4,500 meters,
1052, type.
Astragalus Dombeyi F. B. Fischer, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 26:

483. 1853. A. alienus Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 1: 418. 1854.
A. imputatus Macbr. Candollea 5: 370. 1934, fide Johnston.
Low shrub, the rigid spreading branches densely clothed with
the old these long persisting and more or less spi-
stiff leaf-rachi,
nescent, 3-4 cm. long; stipules vaginate; leaflets typically crowded,

FLORA OF PERU 397
(8) 12-15 apparently more usually sub-

pairs, elliptical, retuse or
acute, 2.5-5 mm. long, ashy-pubescent above; flowers
geminate in
the upper axils, about 12 mm. long; calyx dark-pubescent, the nar-
rowly ovate teeth shorter than the tube; ovary silky- villous, 1-
celled, 5-ovuled. According to the original description of A.
alienus the leaflets are retuse and crowded which as Johnston has
indicated are no doubt variable characters. Obviously the plant
is related to A. Garbancillo, which not infrequently retains some of
the leaf-rachi as pseudo-spines, and of which it may indeed be only

an extreme form.
Lima: Above Baiios, Wilkes Exped. (type, A. alienus). Rio
Blanco, 3,000 meters, open hillsides, Killip & Smith 21739 (type,
A. imputatus). Above San Mateo, Raimondi. Junin: Huasahuasi,
Dombey, type.
Astragalus Garbancillo Cav. Icon. 1: 59. pi. 85. 1791. A. uni-

fultus L'He"r. Stirp. Nov. 168. 1791. A. Garbancillo var. Mandoni
(Rusby) Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 100. 1930. A. Mandoni Rusby,
Mem. Torrey Club 3, no. 3: 19. 1893.
Tufted perennial or half shrub, the often numerous glabrate or
more or less pilose stout stems erect or sometimes decumbent-
ascending, ordinarily 1 to several dm. high, or in alpine states
reduced and much lower, the stems even creeping; stipules usually
conspicuous, often white-membranous, vaginate at base; leaflets
10-15 oblong or elliptic, obtuse or emarginate, usually 4-10
pairs,
mm. long, about half as broad, green and glabrate to ashy-pilose;
peduncles axillary, about equaling the leaf, the flowers often many,
10 mm. long or longer, yellowish to purple; calyx usually black-
pilose, 8 mm. long or longer, the subulate teeth at least half as long;
pods ovoid-oblong, somewhat compressed, puberulent, 3-4-seeded.
A. unifultus, apparently the same, was published in December; it
may represent the white-flowered form with more ovoid pods,
highly variable especially in habit and pubescence. Johnston,
Journ. Arnold Arb. 93. 1938, refers to A. Pickeringii the var. varus
Macbr., an alpine form much reduced, the peduncles strongly recurv-
ing, the pods smaller; it is evidently a connecting form.
As recorded by Ruiz & Pavon this common species is fatal to
stock, in this respect resembling the related so-called "loco-weeds"
of western America; according to Herrera the plant is employed in
medicine and as an aid to soap in the washing of fine clothes, and
further it is said to have insecticidal properties! F.M. Negs. 29404;
27944; 27937.
Ancash: Pomopampa, 4,500 meters, dry stony slopes, 2499

(type, var. varus).Lima: Canta, 3,300 meters, open rocky slopes,
Pennell 14620. Rio Blanco, Killip & Smith 21 71 9. La Oroya, erect
clumps, flowers purple or yellowish, 945. Chinche, grassy slope,
3,000 meters, flowers white or yellowish, 1279. Mantaro Canyon,
open rocky hillside, flowers yellowish, pinkish tinged, Killip &
Smith 22156. Near Tarma, Ruiz & Pavdn. Huanuco: Near
Huanuco, dry gulches, flowers purple-lilac, the banner white spotted,
2325. Huancavelica: Near Huancavelica, 3,700 meters, flowers
white, Goodspeed 10829. Apurimac: Pincos, 2,700 meters, flowers
white, Goodspeed 10696. Cuzco: Saxaihuaman, flowers white, Pen-
nell 13562. Oropesa, Pennell 14199. Sicuani, (Hickeri). Puno:
Near Puno, Soukup 85. Araranca, open gravelly slopes, 4,100
meters, Pennell 14130. To Argentina. "Garbancillo," "sogonche,"
"porotillo," "joscka," or "juscka" (Herrera), "salcca."
Astragalus micranthellus Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 262. 1857.

A. capitellus Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 16: 260. 1889, fide John-
ston in herb. A. patancanus Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 417. 1906, fide
Johnston in herb.
Somewhat ashy-pilose cespitose plants, the diffuse stems becom-
ing several cm. long; stipules vaginate above the middle; leaflets 4-8
pairs, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, 2-6 (8) mm. long;
peduncles axillary, 5-15 mm. long, the flowers 1-2 or few, 3^4 mm.
long, whitish; calyx campanulate, about 2 mm. long, the teeth
subulate; banner broadly obovate or obcordate; pods 7-10 mm.
long, nearly oblong, subcompressed, finally glabrous or sparsely
puberulent with 4-7 seeds. F.M. Negs. 27939; 2114 (A. patancanus).
Puno: Near Puno, Weddell 4503, type. To Argentina.
Astragalus minimus Vog. Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol. 19:

Suppl. 1: 18. 1843.
Cespitose, closely tufted, the short lignescent stems obsolete or
1-2 cm. long; leaves 1, sometimes 2 cm. long, more or less ashy-
strigillose or glabrate above with 5-6 pairs of somewhat fleshy oblong

obtuse leaflets, 1-2 mm. long, less than half as broad; stipules more
or less connate, scarious; flowers solitary or geminate, very shortly
peduncled or subsessile, 5 mm. long; calyx ashy-pubescent, the
subulate teeth much shorter than the narrow tube; banner broadly
obovate; pods minutely and sparsely puberulent, about 6 mm. long,
3 mm. thick. F.M. Neg. 144.
FLORA OF PERU 399
Puno: Above Toledo, Meyen 67, type. Tacna: Ancara, 4,300

meters, Werdermann 1136 (det. Johnst.). Junin: Between Tarma
and La Oroya, 4,300 meters, Weberbauer, 223. Bolivia.
Astragalus minutissimus Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 257. 1857.
Densely cespitose, the slender branches only 1-1.5 cm. long,

entirely covered with the marcescent stipules, the leaves and flowers
apical; leaves 4-5 mm. long, sparsely pilose with 3-4 pairs of elliptic-
ovate subemarginate rather fleshy leaflets, usually 0.5 mm. long;
stipules ample, vaginate, ciliate; flowers 5 mm. long, subsolitary,
axillary, exceeding the leaf; calyx membranous, scarcely
sessile,
half as long as the whitish corolla, the triangular obtusish teeth
ciliate; banner obovate.
Cuzco: Mountains of Cuzco, (Gay, type). Puno: Near Moho,
Shepard 110 (det. Johnst.). Bolivia.
Astragalus peruvianus Vog. Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol. 19:

Suppl. 1: 18. 1843.
Resembles A. pusillus but the caudex often much branched, the
branchlets densely clothed with the vaginate scarious merely ciliate
stipules; flowers subsessile, often geminate, terminal, much exceeded
by the crowded leaves, these about 2 cm. long with 6 or fewer pairs
of elliptic-oval subappressed strigose-villous leaflets, mostly 2 mm.
long, half as broad; calyx- teeth shorter than the rather lightly
sericeous tube, the flowers 6-8 mm. long; banner obovate, somewhat
puberulent without. Simulates reduced forms of A. Pickeringii but
distinguishable by the closely imbricated stipules. A. geminiflorus
HBK. of Ecuador has likewise soon more elongate nodes and more
numerous leaflets. F.M. Neg. 142.
Arequipa: Near Pisacoma, 5,000 meters, Meyen 64, type. Mo-

quehua: Carumas, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 7327.
Astragalus Pickeringii Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 1: 415.

1854. A. Pickeringii Gray, var. serpens Ball, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.
22: 36. 1885, fide Johnston.
Caudices or short stems cespitose, 2 to several cm. long, the
vaginate stipules closely imbricated on the leafy portions; leaflets
9-11 pairs, obovate-oblong, emarginate, usually 4-6 mm. long,
approximately but not closely crowded; flowers ordinarily 3 or 4,
subsessile or the peduncles shorter than the petiole, this exserted
from the stipule, at most 6 or 8 mm.; flowers to 12 mm. long, the
membranous bracts 3 mm. long; calyx about 6 mm. long, the tri-
angular subulate teeth much shorter than the cylindrical tube; ovary
tomentose, short-stiped, about 5-ovuled. The species in habit
suggests A. geminiflorus HBK. of Ecuador with more crowded
leaflets, smaller flowers, but as suggested by Weddell, Chlor. And.
2: 259. 1857, the affinity is rather with A. Garbancillo and Johnston,
Journ. Arnold Arb. 19: 93-94. 1938, has shown that the plant of
Gray is an alpine state which however has become reasonably well
stabilized.
Lima: Casapalca, 4,200 meters, (Ball; type, var. serpens). Be-

tween Casa Cancha and Culnai, Wilkes Exped., type. Ticlio, Ledig
32 (det. Johnst.). Huanuco: Chavanillo, upland grassland, 2,400
meters, 2308 (det. Johnst.). Chasqui, grassy subalpine slopes, 3295
(det. Johnst.). Junin: Cerro de Pasco, 4,200 meters, 3068 (Mathews
592, det. Gray). Shelby, 4,000 meters, grassy stony plains, 1090.
Near Junin, Mackenzie. Between Tarma and Jauja, Killip &
Smith 23370 (det. Johnst.). Near La Oroya, Kalenborn 133 (det.
Johnst.).
Astragalus Pilgeri Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 25. 1931.
Cespitose, nearly glabrous, the spreading stems 1-4 cm. long,

the green leaves very minutely and sparsely hispidulous, about 1.5
cm. long; leaflets 4-8 pairs, obovate, retuse, conduplicate, 2-3 mm.
long; stipules small, connate only at base; flowers 7 mm. long, few
at the tip of an axillary peduncle, subequaling or shorter than the
leaf; calyx sparsely black-pubescent, 2-2.5 mm. long, the triangular
subulate teeth distinctly shorter than the campanulate tube; banner
subrotund, nearly 5 mm. broad; ovary about 5-ovuled. Named
formy friend, R. Pilger.
Cuzco: Hacienda Chuchapaya, Valle del Paucartambo, 3,800
meters, Herrera 2315, type. Bolivia.
Astragalus punensis Macbr., spec. nov.

Ut A. micranthellus ; foliis 3-6-jugis, 1-1.5 cm. longis, glabris;
foliolis ad 3 mm. longis, vix 0.5 mm. latis; floribus solitariis, 7 mm.
longis; pedunculis axillaribus circa 5 mm. longis; calycis dentibus

anguste triangularibus circa 1 mm. longis, obscure ciliolatis tubo
glabro oblongo-campanulato fere duplo brevioribus; vexillo anguste
obovato; leguminibus glabris circa 1 cm. longis. With A. Cuatre-
casasii and A. modestus Wedd. suggesting A. micranthellus Wedd.,
the last with uniformly much smaller flowers. Johnston referred
FLORA OF PERU 401
Soukup 4^4 to the Bolivian species of Weddell described as having

linear calyx teeth nearly as long as the tube, flowers shortly racemose
or umbellulate, but I have not seen the type.
Puno: Macusani, Salcedo, Calacoto, Soukup 549; 424-
Astragalus pusillus Vog. Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol. 19:

Suppl. 1: 19. 1843.
Densely tufted cespitose acaulescent or the caudex somewhat
branched, the congested leaves about 2 cm. long, densely ashy-
strigose-villous; leaflets 4-8 pairs, obovate, to 4 mm. long, about
half as broad; flowers crowded at the base of the leaves, about 6
mm. long; calyx teeth much shorter than the very pilose tube;
banner cuneate-obovate. Stipules broad, vaginate in type, con-
spicuously pilose, in most specimens glabrate. Banner light violet
with white middle stripe ( Weberbauer) . F.M. Neg. 143.
Puno: Toledo, 5,000 meters, Meyen 65, type. Tacna: Ancara,
4,300 meters, Werdermann 1128 (det. Johnst.). Arequipa: Above
Chivay, 4,300 meters, Weberbauer 6896; 185. To Argentina.
Astragalus Richii Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 1: 418. 1854.

A. macrorrhynchus Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 420. 1906.
Stems prostrate ascending, slender, moderately branching,
becoming several dm. long, ashy-subappressed-strigose as the leaves,
or both glabrate and pale green in age; leaflets 7-12 pairs, oblong-
lanceolate, 7-15 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, finally glabrate above;
stipules 4-5 mm. long; peduncles slender, 5-8 cm. long, the rather
loose racemes 1-4 cm. long, subappressed strigose with partly black
trichomes; flowers nearly 10 mm. long, the campanulate calyx 4-5
mm. long, the subulate teeth to nearly as long; bracts 1.5-2 mm.
long; banner oblong-obovate, emarginate; pods sessile, inflated,
ovoid, tipped by the beak-like style, about 10 mm. long, 5-8 mm.
thick without false septum, sparsely strigillose, finally pendent from
the spreading or slightly recurved pedicels. Gray named a genus
and a number of species for William Rich, the botanist of the Wilkes
Expedition. In Field Mus. Bot. 8: 99. 1930, I pointed out the
identity of the plant of Ulbrich with that of Gray, an observation
concurred in by Johnston, Journ. Arnold Arb. 19: 92. 1938. F.M.
Neg. 2109 (A. macrorrhynchus).
Lima: Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped. (type, A. Richii). Matucana,
rocky places and canyon edges, 214; 351. Viso, Weberbauer 112
(type, A. macrorrhynchus); 166. Arequipa: Near Arequipa, gravel
ridge along arroyo, 2,100 meters, Pennell 13241; (Douglas); Hopp

25. Tacna: Candarave, near Lake Huanahuata, in open society of
herbs, shrubs and cacti, Weberbauer 7365.
Astragalus romasanus Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 421. 1906.

Stems procumbent, branched at base where more or less ligneous,
becoming a dm. or two long; stipules membranous, vaginate, per-
sisting; leaflets pairs, with the rachis loosely ashy-pilose, soon
10-15
glabrous above, oval or oblong, emarginate or obtuse, 4-8 mm.
long, 2-3 mm. broad; peduncles 4-7 cm. long with 4-12 distinctly
pedicellate flowers, these about 15 mm. long; bracts 4 mm. long;
calyx about 8 mm. long, the narrowly ovate teeth about as long;
ovary shortly stiped; pods 10-15 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, imperfectly
biseptate, lightly pilose. Johnston, Journ. Arnold Arb. 19: 95. 1938,
suggests the relationship is with A. Pickeringii and A. Garbancillo ;
itseems to me to be more nearly allied to A. Weberbaueri.
Ancash: Near Pampa Romas, 3,400-3,500 meters, Weberbauer
3209, type.
Astragalus triflorus (DC.) Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 45. 1853.

Phaca triflorus DC. Astrag. 62. pi. 1. 1802. A. viciiformis Ulbr.
Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 550. 1906, fide Johnston.
Rather delicate annual, pale green or more or less cinereous with
shortsomewhat spreading trichomes, the sparsely branching stems
sometimes about 1 dm. high; leaves 3-4 cm. long with 4-6 pairs of
ellipticobtuse or retuse leaflets to 8 mm. long, half as broad, glabrous
above; racemes about half as long as the subtending leaf, loosely
few-flowered, the purplish flowers scarcely 5 mm. long; calyx strigil-
lose, the narrow teeth subequaling the tube; pods oblong to 12 mm.
long, nearly half as thick, puberulent, the pedicels short or recurving.
F.M. Neg. 2128.
Arequipa: Mollendo, loma formation, Weberbauer 1504 (type,
A. viciiformis'); 144; Johnston 3569. Near Atiquipa, Worth & Mor-
rison 15630. Moquehua: Torata, 2,200 meters, Weberbauer 7418
(det. Johnst.). Chile.
Astragalus uniflorus DC. Astrag. 243. pi. 50. 1802. A.

Herzogii Ulbr. Meded. Rijks Herb. Leiden 27: 53. 1915, fide Johnston
in herb.
Depressed, the caudex or short glabrous stems loosely branched,

1-3 cm. long; leaflets 3-12 pairs, oblong, obtuse, 2-4 mm. long,
FLORA OF PERU 403
glabrous or with a few scattered trichomes; stipules vaginate;

flowers usually solitary, axillary, somewhat peduncled or terminal,
reddish-purple, to 18 mm. long; calyx cylindrical, 8-10 mm. long,
glabrate or lightly pilose, the narrow teeth much shorter than the
tube; pods ovoid, glabrous, about 5 mm. long with no false septum
(Johnston). Ulbrich's species was separated on the basis of its
smaller leaflets, slenderer stems and smaller flowers but from the
material examined these apparent differences are probably ecolog-
ical. Common in the Puna zone, Weberbauer 93, 201, 209, this last
page with illustration. F.M. Negs. 6954; 2104 (A. Herzogii).

Junin: Huasahuasi, Dombey, type. Cerro de Pasco, grassy
limestone slope, 3066. Above Yauli, Weberbauer, 222. Apurimac:
Summit of Soccllaccasai
Pass, open puna, 4,000 meters, West 3829.
Cuzco: Marcapata, 4,400 meters, Vargas 1364; 9720. La Raya,
moist gravelly slopes, 4,300 meters, Pennell 13526. Bolivia.
"Puna-surpo."
Astragalus Weberbaueri Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 419. 1906.

Sprawling ascending, the long ligneous glabrous stems sparsely
branched only toward the tips; stipules several to about 10 mm.
long, more or less connate; leaflets glabrous or occasionally with
scattered trichomes, 7-10 pairs, narrowly oblong, 8-13 mm. long,
1.5-3 mm. broad, emarginate or sub truncate; peduncles 5-9 cm.
long with 5-15 crowded flowers, these 12-15 mm. long, the mem-
branous persisting bracts 4-5 mm. long; calyx to 6 mm. long, the
subulate teeth about as long as the sparsely pale or dark pubescent
tube; ovary minutely stiped, strigose; pods oblong- triquetrous,
10-14 mm. long, weakly partly septate within, at maturity essen-
tially glabrous, spreading or reflexed. F.M. Neg. 146.
Piura: West of Huancabamba, 2,700 meters, Weberbauer 6035;
6050. Cajamarca: Below San Pablo, 2,200 meters, Weberbauer
3869, type; 257. Near Nancho, Raimondi 8294- Near Hualgayoc,
inopen shrubby growth, 3,000 meters, Goodspeed 10017. Libertad:
South of Arenillos, 3,800 meters, West 8163 (det. Johnst. as affine).
Ecuador.
54. ADESMIA DC.

Patagonium Schrank.
Herbs or half shrubs sometimes with spinescent petioles. Leaves
abruptly or odd-pinnate, the leaflets usually many, entire or dentate.
Flowers yellow usually streaked with red, borne on solitary pedicels
in terminal racemes, the bracts small, bractlets none. Calyx lobes

subequal or the lower a little longer. Banner orbicular, the wings
obliquely oblong, the keel obtuse, acute or beaked. Stamens free,
rarely 2, filaments adnate at base to the banner. Ovary sessile,
2-many-ovuled, the filiform style with small terminal stigma. Pod
indehiscent or 2-valved, the upper suture usually straight, the lower
deeply sinuate, the pod segments often plumose, plane or convex.
Seeds orbicular or subglobose. The name Adesmia is conserved.
Besides the following, A. argentea Meyen was reported from
Peru by Weddell on the basis of the type collection by Meyen
which however was obtained in northern Chile. There are also two
shrubs with appressed and glandular setulose stems not at all
spinescent, Weberbauer 5900 and 5910, Department of Apurimac,
which were listed as probably of this genus; if so they may be a
form of A. miraflorensis or represent a new closely related species,
but they have not been available for further study.
In Weberbauer (opp. p. 132), there is a photograph of the tola
formation in which Arequipa species are found.
Annuals or perennial, herbaceous or subherbaceous . . .A. muricata.

Shrubs often more or less spinescent.
Entire plant, except flowers, glutinous A. verrucosa.
Plants sometimes glandular but not glutinous.
Leaves subsessile, the leaflets minute A. spinosissima.
Leaves well-petioled, the leaflets 3-4 mm. long.
Leaflets 3-4 pairs, sericeous A. Augusti.
Leaflets 6-10 pairs, puberulent.
Banner of flowers pilose A. vicina.
Banner of flowers glabrous A. miraflorensis.
Adesmia Augusti Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 100. 1930.
Stocky decumbent much-branched spinescent shrub, the short

flowering branches appressed ashy-pubescent, the spines glabrous,
dull; petioles 5-10 mm. long, the leaves with 3-4 approximate pairs
of broadly obovate acutish densely sericeous pubescent leaflets
nearly 4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad; pedicels 4-7 mm. long; calyces
densely ashy pilose, 4 mm. long, the narrow ovate lanceolate teeth
about 1.5 mm. long; flowers yellow, 8 mm. long, the banner lightly
appressed pilose, the wings sparsely so, long and slenderly clawed;
pod (immature) plumose pilose. Resembles several closely related
FLORA OF PERU 405
which it may have to be referred

species of northern Chile, to one of
(cf. remarks accompanying original description) but probably
nearest A. argentea Meyen (A. cinerea Clos) of Atacama with much
smaller and distant leaflets.
Tacna: Candarave, in formation of scattering shrubs or Cereus
and herbs, 2,900 meters, August Weberbauer 7389, type.
Adesmia miraflorensis Remy, Ann. Sci. Nat. se*r. 3. 6: 357.

1846.
Much branched thorny shrub, sometimes 2 meters high; younger
branchlets and leaf-rachi rather lightly appressed pilose; leaves 1-1.5
cm. long with 7-10 pairs of entire, emarginate or minutely mucronu-
late oblong oval glabrescent leaflets about 2 mm. long, half as broad;
stipules scarious; flowers racemose, yellow, glabrous, 12-15 mm.
long, few on more or less glandular pedicels 5-10 mm. long; calyces
broadly campanulate sparsely glandular hirtellous, about 4 mm.
long, the oblongish teeth nearly as long as the tube; pod straight
with 3-5 segments densely long plumose appearing shaggy, 1.5-2
cm. long. On rocky slopes and in open mixed formation 3,000 to
3,600 meters. Cf. A. vicina, which at one time seemed to me to be
an eglandular form. Raimondi, without data, made two collections.
Illustrated, Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: pi. 79.
Junin: Prov. Tarma, valley of the Huacata, Weberbauer 5772.

Cuzco: Acomayo, Vargas 220 (det. Standl.). Pisac, rocky canyon,
Pennell 13729. Ticuani, Vargas 9828 (det. Standl.). Valle del
Paucartambo, (H err era 926}. Vilcanota, Pennell 14189; Weber-
bauer 7885. Moquehua: Torata, Weberbauer 7481 (det. Johnst.).
Puno: Near Puno, Soukup 414- Bolivia and Patagonia. "Aya-
caulli."
Adesmia muricata (Jacq.) DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. se>. 1. 4: 94.

1825. Hedysarum muricata Jacq. Icon. Rar. 3: 13. pi. 568. 1790.
H. pimpinellifolium Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 6: 447. 1804.
Aeschynomene dentata Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 22. 1816. A. dentata
(Lag.) DC. Prodr. 2: 319. 1825.
Diffusely branched, the long herbaceous stems and racemes

more or less densely viscid puberulent; leaves with 4-7 pairs of
oblong-obovate, obtuse or retuse, usually dentate leaflets 6-10 mm.

long,about half as wide, lightly pilose or glabrate; pedicels slender,
becoming 2.5 cm. long; calyx 4 mm. long, the lanceolate teeth about
equaling the tube; banner 8 mm. long; pod deeply sinuate, the several
segments punctate-muricate and sparsely subappressed hirsutulous.

The var. pimpinellifolia (Poir.) Burkart has the leaflets conspicu-
ously dentate; the var. hispidula (Lag.) Macbr., comb. nov.
(Aeschynomene hispidula Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 22. 1816; Adesmia
hispidula (Lag.) DC. Prodr. 2: 319. 1825) is rarely if at all glandular,
the pod segments all or part of them with a few plumose setae.
Intermediate plants exist: Weberbauer 7609 is eglandular but the
pods merely muricate; Weberbauer 7202 is somewhat glandular but
the pod segments only in part plumose-setose; to care for these
Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 1: 435. 1854, designated A. hispidula,
vars. subnuda and plumosa. F.M. Neg. 6963 (A. dentata).
Lima: Dombey (type of the var.). Along the Rio Rimac, Weber-
bauer 5232 (det. Ulbr.). Dry slopes and rock outcrops, Matucana,
215; 4^3 (var. hispidula). Perruchuco, Mathews 540. Huanca-
velica: Above Huaytara, 2,700 meters, Weberbauer 5414 (var.
pimpinellifolia'). Mantaro Valley, Weberbauer 7609 (toward A.

muricata, det. Johnst.). Libertad: Prov. Santiago de Chuco, Weber-
bauer 7202 (det. Harms, A. hispidula; det. Johnst., A. muricata).
Cuzco: Urquillos, rocky clay slopes, 2,882 meters, Vargas 11092.
Cusohuasi, Prov. Abancay, Vargas 1258. Above Pisac, Prov. Calca,
3,300 meters, Weberbauer 6910 (det. Johnst.). Arequipa: Atiquipa,
(Raimondi, var. hispidula). Ocona, (Raimondi, as A. dentata, i.e.
var. pimpinellifolia'). South to Chile and Patagonia; eastern Brazil.
Adesmia spinosissima Meyen ex Vogel, Obs. Bot. in Nov.

Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol. 19: Suppl. 1: 24. 1843.
Intricately branched, spinescent, the branchlets dark brown,

early minutely hirtellous; leaves, calyx and banner without seri-
ceous hirtellous; leaflets minute, scarcely 1 mm. long or wide, 4-5
pairs; pedicels several mm. long, little longer than the calyx at
anthesis, the calyx- teeth ovate, short; flowers 5-6 mm. long, the
keel acute; pod 1 cm. long with 3-4 densely long plumose segments.
Meyen mentioned the name in Reise um die Erde 2: 27. 1835.
A. hystrix Phil, and A. melanthes
Phil., to which Peruvian specimens
are referred in Weberbauer, 128, 130 and 133, are both as to material
seen, better included in Meyen's species. A. melanthes has subsessile
flowers in the fascicled leaves; A. hystrix has pedicels longer than the
leaf, this 4-6 mm. long, flowers 8 mm. long, the yellowish banner
with violet veins and a central spot; A. spinosissima may be obscurely
viscid, as Weberbauer 4826 (El Misti) with glandular-denticulate
leaflets; it may be A. sentis Phil, if distinct. F.M. Neg. 2230.
FLORA OF PERU 407
Arequipa: Near Arequipa, Meyen, type. Near base of El

Misti, gravelly soil, Pennell 13236. Mt. Chinata, in dry loam, 1
meter, flowers yellow, Eyerdam & Beetle 22105. Ayacucho: Prov.
Parinacochas, Weberbauer 5761. Puno: Near Puno, Soukup 211.
Adesmia verrucosa Meyen ex Vogel, Obs. Bot. in Nov. Act.

Acad. Leop.-Carol. 19: Suppl. 1: 20. 1843.
Shrub, densely glandular glutinous throughout except the yellow
flowersand shaggy plumose pods; leaves with 9-12 pairs of broadly
obovate or subrotund crenate leaflets about 4 mm. long and broad;
racemes terminal, rather many-flowered, the flowers about 1 cm.
long on pedicels 6 mm. long; calyx-teeth sublinear, much shorter
than the tube, this 4 mm. long; pods to 2 cm. long with 8 or more
segments. Common at the volcano Misti, rocky canyon slopes
around 3,000 meters; the yellow petals, especially the banner, are
lined with brown. Illustrated, Weberbauer, 127. F.M. Neg. 2237.
Arequipa: Near Arequipa, Meyen, type; Pennell 14275; 13215;

Weberbauer 4830; Munz 15495. Banos de Yura, Raimondi.
Adesmia vicina Macbr., spec. nov.

A. miraflorensis ut videtur differt solum haud glandulosis, vexillo
leviter piloso, forma et magnitudine calycis, tubo 3-3.5 mm. longo,
dentibus distincte brevioribus circa 1.5 mm. longis. Apparently
A. miraflorensis is constant in character of glabrous banner, the
calyx-teeth nearly as long as the tube so that it seems inadvisable
to consider this plant an eglandular variety.
Huancavelica: Prov. Angaraes, left side Rio Harpa, 3,250 meters,
Weberbauer 5673 (type, U. S. Nat. Mus.).
55. POIRETIA Vent.

Glandular punctate suffrutescent herbs, the Peruvian species
twining. Leaves pinnate, the 3 or 4 leaflets often minutely stipulate,
the narrow stipules sometimes decurrent at base. Pedicels bracteo-
late, the flowers as in Nissolia but the stamens all connate. Ovary
sessile,many-ovuled. Pod linear, the sutures straight or lightly
sinuate with oblong or quadrate membranous or subcoriaceous
reticulate or finally verrucose segments. Name conserved.
Poiretia scandens Vent. Choix PL 42. pi. 42. 1803.
Glabrous with subherbaceous branchlets and dark
slender
punctate leaves consisting of 2 pairs of obovate or suborbicular
1-3 cm. long; racemes to 2.5 cm. long, often shorter, the yel-
leaflets,
low flowers 3.5 mm. long; pods about 2.5 cm. long, 3-4 mm. broad.
Piura: Below Ayavaca, 2,000 meters, Weberbauer 6361.
Cajamarca: Valley of the Rio Tabaconas, 900 meters, Weberbauer
6167. West Indies; Mexico; Brazil.
56. WEBERBAUERELLA Ulbrich
Low half-shrub with nodosely tuberiferous roots, the upper

parts lightly ashy strigillose and abundantly glandular dotted
even to the yellowish papilionaceous flowers. Racemes axillary,
shorter than the leaves, these imparipinnate. Bracts narrowly
lanceolate borne with the bractlets at base of pedicels. Calyx
campanulate, bilabiate, the upper lip bifid, the lower trifid. Ban-
ner suborbicular, reflexed, with broad claw nearly equaled by the
wings, exceeded by the keel. Stamens 10, connate, the anthers
uniform. Ovary stiped with about six partly separated segments,
the long style glabrous. Allied to Aeschynomene but differing in
bracts, flowers and glandulosity (Ulbrich). Meritoriously com-
memorates the great Peruvian phytographer.
Weberbauerella brongniartioides Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 551.

1906.
Suffrutescent, the virgately branching stems to 3 dm. high;
internodes 2-3 cm. long; stipules about 6 mm. long, oblong-lanceo-
17-20 pairs, minutely petiolulate, broadly oval, 7-20
late; leaflets
mm. long, 3-14 mm. wide, obtuse, truncate or even emarginate,
glabrous or nearly above, lightly pilose beneath; stipels minute,
promptly caducous; racemes 5-8 cm. long, the several brownish-
yellow flowers 15-18 mm. long on pedicels 5-8 mm. long; bracts to
7 mm. long; calyx about 10 mm. long, the two upper lobes oval, the
slightly longer lower three lanceolate; banner to 2 cm. long, 18 mm.
broad; keel 18 mm. long, the wings about 8 mm. broad at the obtuse
tip, auricled; staminal tube to 2 cm. long; petals brownish yellow;
ovary stipe 2 mm. long, the style nearly 18 mm. long. Leaves
sensitive (Mexia). Illustrated, I.e. 552. F.M. Neg. 1223.
Arequipa: Mollendo, lomas, Weberbauer 1513, type. Sand dunes
near the ocean south of Mollendo, Mexia 04179 (det. Johnst.).
Lomas, Ocona to Camana, Raimondi.
57. ARACHIS L.
Reference: Hoehne, Fl. Bras. 25, pt. 2: 122. 1-20. 1940.

FLORA OF PERU 409
The much appreciated peanut, "mani," is presumably unknown
in Peru, except in cultivation; the low semi-prostrate plants with

pinnate leaves, these usually with only 2 pairs of broadly oblong
elliptic leaflets and axillary flowers are well known for the edible
nut-like fruits. The calyx-tube is so long that it appears to be a
slender pedicel; the 4 upper lobes of the calyx are connate, the dis-
tinct, lowest one narrow. After the small flower has fallen, the ovary
descends into the ground by the continued growth of the firm but
more or less flexuous stalk or torus; the pod is thus pushed beneath
the surface of the earth where it matures. Cf. Hoehne for an
extensive bibliography on the peanut, to which are added two refer-
ences below.
Arachis hypogaea L. Sp. PI. 741. 1753; 18.

Annual, the stems more or less villous with spreading hairs;
leaflets oblong obovate or broadly oblong, rounded at tip, sparsely
ciliate, glabrous above, pubescent or glabrate beneath, commonly

4-5 cm. long, about 2.5 cm. broad; calyx-tube 2-4 cm. long, pilose;
flowers yellow, the banner about 1 cm. long; pods typically 3-4 cm.
long. Illustrated, Hoehne, I.e. pi. 13; Degener, Fl. Hawaii.
This the species cultivated as an annual around the world
is
and variable in pubescence, foliage and size of fruits; several wild
species are native to Brazil and are said to be perennial. The

distinctively Peruvian 3-seeded form, reticulated and elongate pods
with a prominent hump, has been found in Ancon graves and is
represented on Peruvian pottery. It is, apparently, the type which
found its way to the orient; cf. 0. Bois, Les Plantes Alimentaires,
Paris, 1927; 0. Wiirtenberger, Beihefte zum Tropenpflanzer 13: 1-
126. 1917. The following specimens from Peru probably are plants
that escaped or were naturalized, although the type locality reads
"Brazil, Peru."
Huanuco: Sandy beach along Rio Pachitea between Puerto
& Smith 26827 (det. Standl.).
Victoria and Puerto Leguia, Kittip
Loreto: Mishuyacu, in clearing,Klug 301. Puerto Arturo, in
chacra, Williams 5167. Brazil. "Inchis," "mani."
Arachis prostrata Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 18: 159. 1841; 15.
Like the preceding, but the leaflets rather more oblong-obovate,
somewhat acutish, much smaller; calyx- tube 4-7 cm. long. The
Peruvian collection presumably introduced. Illustrated, Hoehne
I.e. pi. 9.
Cuzco: San Miguel, Yurabamba, (Cook & Gilbert 1740, fide

Hoehne). Northeast Brazil to the middle interior.
58. STYLOSANTHES Sw.

Reference: Taubert, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 32: 1-34. 1890.
Diffuse or ascending usually pubescent herbs, the stems some-
times more or less lignescent below. Leaves pinnately 3-f oliolate, the
estipulate leaflets narrow. Stipules adnate to the petiole. Inflo-
rescence axillary or terminal, densely spicate or capitate, the flowers
yellow, subsessile in the axil of a leaf or bract, sometimes accom-
panied by 2 or 3 bracteoles or by a plumose bristle.
Calyx-tube
elongate, usually the 4 upper lobes connate. Flowers small with
roundish banner, the 10 united stamens with closed sheath, the
anthers of the longer subbasifixed, the remaining short versatile.
Pod compressed with a hooked beak, the joints 2 or 1 (the lower
sometimes abortive). Burkart, Darwiniana 3: 232-261. 1939, has
given a scholarly synopsis of the Argentine species from which I
have also compiled.
Flowers (at least the lower) accompanied by a plumose stalk;
pods more or less pubescent.
Bracts shortly scabrous hispid; pods usually with only the upper
segment fertile; shrubs.
Leaf -nerves faint, unless toward margins; pod-beak about 2.5
mm. long S. scabra.
Leaf-nerves prominent; pod-beak 1-1.5 (2) mm. long S. nervosa. . .
Bracts long-villous-setose; pods usually with 2 fertile segments;

annual or more or less suffrutescent perennial.
Leaflets 5-15 mm. long S. sympodialis.
Leaflets elongate S. psammophila.

Flowers unaccompanied by a bristle; pods glabrous. .S. guianensis.
Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. Svensk. Vet. Akad.

Handl. 10: 296. 1789; 25. Trifolium guianense Aubl. PI. Guian. 2:
776. pi. 309. 1775.
Erect or ascending green but distinctly hispid herb, ordinarily

severaldm. high; stipules to 1.5 cm. long; leaflets oblong-lanceolate,
acutely mucronate, usually 1.5-2 cm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, glabrate
or subappressed pubescent, especially beneath; spikes capitate, the
primary bracts hispid or echinate with long, usually yellowish tri-
FLORA OF PERU 411
chomes; bract and bracteole narrow or linear; flowers about 6 mm.

long; lower segment of pod usually abortive, remaining upper one
glabrous, reticulate, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, minutely uncinate-
mucronate.- The var. gracilis (HBK.) Vog. is the form with lanceo-
late linear leaflets, the var. subviscosa Benth. has slightly viscid long
setulose pubescence. The widely distributed S. viscosa Sw. is similar
but viscid-pubescent, the spikes scarcely capitate. Illustrated, HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: pi. 596 (var. gracilis).
Huanuco: On Rio Chinchao, 4993. Cuchero, Poeppig 1401
(var. subviscosa). Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 1410; 1412;
Junin:
1518. San Martin: Near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, King 3638
Cuzco: Valle de Santa Ana, Hen era 3614 (distr. as S. leiocarpa).
Tarapoto, Belshaw 3361. South America and Central America.
Stylosanthes nervosa Macbr., spec. nov.
Frutex, ramis glabris, ramulis breviter parceque villosis haud

vel paullo hispidis; foliolis rigido-coriaceis, acuminatis vel acutis;
bracteis scabro-hispidulosis; bracteolis 2, apice ciliolatis, 1 saepe
bifidis, 7 mm. longis; stipite plumosa 3.5-4 mm. longa; legumine
uni articulate, articulo inferiore abortive, 2 mm. longo piloso,
superiore 6 mm. longo plus minusve piloso, laxe reticulate et longi-
tudinaliter 1-2-costato rostro apice uncinato circa 1.5 mm. longo.
The type of S. nervosa has oblong lanceolate acuminate leaflets to
17 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide, calyx 10 mm. long including the 7 mm.
long stipe-like tube, the lower lobe pilose, acute, longer than the
others, these obtuse, a little ciliate; banner 5.5 mm. long. So far as
observed, the bristle is lacking, except in the first bract, but in
Weberbauer 6457, which may be distinct, the bristle is present in the
lower bracts, the pods are pubescent only on the ribs, and sometimes
2 segments are fertile, the calyx-lobes are glabrous, and the shorter
leaflets are merely acute. This collection was referred by Harms to
S. leiocarpa Vog., a viscid species with glabrous biarticulate pods,
the beak nearly as long as the upper segment. S. nervosa apparently
is rather allied to S. scabra Vog. & S. diarthra Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash. 33: 49. 1920, both with lightly nervose leaves; the former
moreover has a much more strongly beaked pod, the latter bractlets
only 2.5 mm. long, pods with both segments fertile.

Cajamarca: Near confluence of rivers Chinchipe and Maranon,
shrub 1 meter high, Weberbauer 6215, type. Huancavelica: Below
Colcabamba, Weberbauer 6457 (det. Harms as S. leiocarpa).
Stylosanthes psammophila Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 69.

1924.
Densely leafy annual, glabrescent or lightly pilose (the stems

lineately so) except the densely brown villous bracts of the short
few-flowered spikes; stipules setaceous- tipped; leaflets lanceolate
acute, the larger 1.5-4 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad; primary bracts
stipuliform, the inner lanceolate 5-6 mm. long; bractlets 3, 1 lanceo-
late, 2 narrowly linear; pod 8-9 mm. long with 2 segments, the lower
villous, the reticulate, glabrous or nearly, with curved beak.
upper
Flowers yellow, the banner brown-striate. S. sympodialis Taub.
I.e. 19, of Ecuador seems to be very similar but the leaflets are only
5-16 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 2247.
Piura: Between Piura and Hacienda Nomala, in sand with herbs
and half shrubs, Weberbauer 5936.
Stylosanthes scabra Vog. in Linnaea 12: 69. 1838; 24.
Somewhat suffrutescent villous pubescent with much-branched

ascending stems; leaflets ovate-oblong, rather prominently nerved,
5-25 mm. long, 2-9 mm. broad; spikes about 2 cm. long, oblong;
primary bracts villous pubescent, little setose, the second bifid;
plumose bristle 2-4 mm. long; pod typically with 2 segments or only
1 (fide Taubert), this 2.5 mm. long, the uncinate beak about as long.
Illustrated, Burkart (flowers), 239.
Peru: (fide Bentham). Argentina to Central America; Galapagos
Islands.
Stylosanthes sympodialis Taub. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.

32: 19. 1890.
Stems ascending-erect, suffrutescent at base, lineately villous

above where sympodially branched; stipules subscarious, the sheath
about 5 mm. long; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, mucronulate, glabres-
cent in age, moderately nerved, 5-16 mm. long, 1.5-5 mm. broad;
spikes oblong, the primary bract densely brownish- villous; plumose
stalk 7 mm. long, lacking in the upper flowers; calyx-teeth ciliolate;
pods with 2 segments, 7 mm. long, the lower densely sericeous, the
upper reticulate, glabrescent at maturity except the rusty sericeous,
uncinate beak, this 1-1.5 mm. long. S. gloiodes Blake, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash. 33: 45. 1920, Ecuadorian and allied, is conspicuously
viscid. F.M. Neg. 2249.
Piura :
Amotape Hills, H aught F. 44.; 134. Southwestern Ecuador.
FLORA OF PERU 413
59. ZORNIA Gmel.

Herbs with digitately 2-4-foliolate leaves, the leaflets often pel-
lucid punctate, estipulate, the stipules with a basal appendage.
Flowers remote in spikes or solitary, the peduncles terminal and axil-
lary. Bracts 2 about each sessile flower, the hyaline calyx bilabiate,
the 2 upper lobes united into an emarginate lip, the 2 lateral much
smaller, the lowest equaling the upper. Stamens as in Stylosanthes.
Segments of compressed pod indehiscent.
Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 318. 1807. Hedysarum

diphyllum L. Sp. PL 747. 1753.
More or less pubescent or glabrate annual, becoming diffuse;
leaflets 2, lanceolate orthe lower elliptical; bracts broadly elliptic
to narrowly lanceolate; flowers pale yellow, the banner 8-10 mm.
long; pods with 2-6 reticulate, shortly aculeate, glabrous or hirsu-
tulous segments. Highly variable in pubescence and shape and
size of leaf and bract; more than a dozen of these variants have
been given taxonomic recognition; cf. Bentham in Mart. Fl. Bras.
15, pt. 1: 80-83, where illustrated, pis. 21, 22.
Piura: Serran, Weberbauer 5976. Lambayeque: Above Olmos,
2,100 meters, Weberbauer 7103. Junin: Chanchamayo, Diehl 2455.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 8051. Cuzco: Prov. Convention,
Soukup 909. Warm regions.
60. DESMODIUM Desv.
By Bernice G. Schubert
Herbaceous to frutescent; prostrate to erect. Leaves uni-

to trifoliolate (one species in Peru rarely quinquefoliolate), stipu-
late, petiolate. Leaflets stipellate and petiolulate. Stipules chiefly
free, connate in one species, mostly obliquely ovate, long-attenuate,
striate, puberulent on dorsal surface and ciliate. Stipels subulate
to lance-attenuate, striate, puberulent and ciliate. Petioles mostly
sulcate on the adaxial surface and lineate or finely canaliculate;
leaf-rachis similar but slenderer and usually shorter. Petiolules
stouter than leaf-rachis, darker and densely spreading-pilose, very
short. Inflorescence usually racemose to racemose-paniculate,
racemes axillary and terminal. Bracts striate, ciliate; primary
bracts subtending 1-many pedicels; secondary bracts each usually
subtending a single pedicel often present, smaller, usually early
deciduous. Calyx 2-lobed, lower lobe with three distinct teeth,
the central one longest, the equal lateral teeth somewhat shorter,
upper lobe mostly (short-)bifid. Corolla longer than calyx, with
orbicular to obovate standard, unguiculate, often auriculate wings
and mostly falcate, unguiculate (and often auriculate) keel-petals,
fused above the claws. Stamens diadelphous 9 and 1, the vexillary
stamen fused with the tube about one-third its length; stamen tube
usually persistent at the base of the mature fruit. Fruit a sessile
to stipitate loment, (1) 2-multiarticulate, mostly indehiscent;
variously shaped.
More than 200 species in tropical and subtropical regions of the
world, excluding Europe and New Zealand.
The Peruvian species of Desmodium represent at least four
distinct divisions of the genus; the categories will be presented later,
after further study.
The greatest contributions to the study of the genus have been
made by DeCandolle in his Prodromus and by Schindler in several
papers scattered throughout the volumes of Fedde's Repert. Sp.
Nov. For many species of which neither type specimens nor
photographs of types are available it has been necessary to
consider Schindler's annotations authoritative. Where this could
not be done with confidence, however, an attempt has been made to
give a particularly clear definition of the group and to assign it
the most applicable name, in the hope that this choice may be
verified or corrected when type specimens are again available.
Articles with dorsal suture straight to deeply concave.

and 2.4 cm. wide), almost orbicular,
Articles large (to 2.2 cm. long
notched with a shallow angle on the dorsal suture.
D. Poeppigianum.
Articles smaller (not more than 10 mm. long and 5 mm. wide),
with the dorsal suture straight, slightly concave or invagi-
nated at the center.
Flowers borne in pairs.
A small secondary bract directly subtending each pedicel;
each pair of pedicels further subtended by a larger pri-
mary bract.
Leaflets rhombic, rhombic-ovate or rhombic-orbicular,
obtuse or rounded at apex; stipe 3-4.6 mm. long.
D. axillare var. genuinum.
Leaflets ovate, rather abruptly short-acuminate; stipe
4.6-8 mm. long D. axillare var. Sintenisii.
FLORA OF PERU 415
Secondary bracts lacking, each pair of pedicels subtended

only by a primary bract.
Primary bracts soon deciduous, inflorescence lax; calyx
puberulent and slightly short-pilose along central
tooth of lower lobe D. adscendens.
Primary bracts persistent, inflorescence dense; calyx long-
silky-pilose and ciliate D. barbatum.
Flowers borne singly (except rarely in D. canum more than one
in a fascicle), each pedicel subtended by one large primary
and 2 smaller secondary bracts.
Loments multiarticulate, suture straight.
dorsal Isthmi
nearly equaling length of article; plants ascending to
erect D. canum.
Isthmi very narrow; plants mostly repent to ascending.
D. affine.
Loments 2-3-articulate, dorsal suture curved or invaginated;
isthmi very narrow D. Wydlerianum.
Articles with dorsal suture convex to acute.
Pedicels borne in fascicles of 2-several, each fascicle subtended by
a narrowly ovate, greenish to stramineous primary bract; each
pedicel further subtended by a similar slenderer secondary
bract; young inflorescence with fascicles early distinct.
Isthmi central.
Plants prostrate; articles slenderly elliptic, sutures scarcely
constricted at isthmi D. scorpiurus.
Plants decumbent to erect, articles chiefly rhomboidal (ex-
cepting occasionally the terminal), sutures rather deeply
constricted.
Terminal article regularly much dilated, reniform.

D. glabrum.
Articles essentially equal and alike.
Articles large, up to 4 mm. long.

Leaflets broad (terminal leaflet up to 3 cm.) with
prominent reticulation; bracts early deciduous.
D. tortuosum.
Leaflets narrower (terminal leaflet up to 1.5 cm.),
venation not prominent, bracts persistent.
D. neo-mexicanum.
Articles small, to 1.5 mm. long.
Rachis of racemes densely stiff-spreading-pilose.

D. micranthum.
Rachis of racemes only uncinulate-puberulent.
D. micranthum var. Macbridei.
Isthmi excentric D. campyloclados.
Pedicels borne in pairs, each pair subtended by a broadly ovate,
stramineous to olivaceous primary bract; each pedicel usually
further subtended by a smaller (sometimes differently shaped
and much thinner) secondary bract; young inflorescence with
bracts densely imbricate.
Isthmi central; articles very small, to 3 mm. long.
Leaves unifoliolate.
Stem simple, leaflets lance-ovate, long, to 9.5 cm.; articles
orbicular D. sclerophyllum.
Stem branched, leaflets orbicular-ovate, shorter, to 5.5
cm.; articles rhomboidal D. Perrottetii.
Leaves trifoliolate only very occasionally some unifoliolate.

D. distortum.
Isthmi excentric; articles larger, 4 mm. long or longer.
Primary bracts small, not more than 3.5 mm. long.
D. cajanifolium.
Primary bracts larger, 5 mm. or more long.
Subscandent to erect plants with usually rather stout
stems.
Pubescence of stems chiefly uncinulate.
Stems deeply trisulcate.
Leaflets rhombic-ovate, thin, bright to dark-green
above, articles densely uncinulate-pubescent,
never contorted D. subsericeum.
Leaflets ovate-acuminate, thick, coriaceous, veins
impressed above.
Bracts long-attenuate D. intortum.
Bracts short-apiculate D. intortumvar. apiculatum.
.
Stems terete to angulate.

Stems densely uncinulate-pubescent.
Leaflets orbicular to rounded-ovate, prominently
mucronate D. uncinatum.
Leaflets narrowly rhombic-ovate, acute to obtuse.
D. limense.
FLORA OF PERU 417
Stems uncinulate-puberulent, becoming glabrous.

D. delotum.
Pubescence of stems not chiefly (if at all) uncinulate.
Pubescence fulvous throughout, stem densely patent-
pilose D. Weberbaueri.
Pubescence, except on inflorescence, white, stem
densely canescent. D. Vargasianum var. typicum.
.
Plants with prostrate or decumbent stems, slenderer.

Plants with thin leaflets, the veins not impressed,
leafletsmostly elliptic to ovate.
Articles semirhomboidal to suborbicular, dorsal suture
only slightly constricted at isthmi.
D. Vargasianum var. ellipticum.
Articles more nearly orbicular, dorsal suture defi-
nitely although not deeply constricted at isthmi.
and prominently mucronate;
Leaflets chiefly elliptic
bracts large, usuallymore than 12 mm. long,
gradually attenuated for about one-third their
length; immature loment usually straight or
only slightly curved.
D. Vargasianum var. bracteatum.
Leaflets chiefly ovate, obtuse at apex, not promi-
nently mucronate; bracts usually not more
than 1 cm. long, attenuated for about one-half
their length; immature loment usually form-
ing an arc of 90 D. Vargasianum var. arcuatum.
.
Plants with thick leaflets, veins deeply impressed above.

D. molliculum.
Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 2: 332. 1825.

Hedysarum adscendens Sw. Prodr. 106. 1788. Meibomia adscendens
(Sw.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 195. 1891.
Suffrutescent, ascending to erect; stem simple to branched,
lineate, appressed-pilose; petioles also appressed-pilose, 2.5-3 cm.
long, rachis much shorter, 0.5-0.65 cm. long; leaflets elliptic, acute
at the apices (or less often obtuse) or (ovate or) obovate and obtuse,
(essentially glabrous above to) soft-appressed-pilose on both sur-
faces, terminal leaflet 2-6 cm. long, 1.4-2.3 cm. wide, lateral leaflets
1.4-4 cm. long, 0.8-1.9 cm. wide; stipules very long-attenuate,
0.3-1.3 cm. long; stipels subulate, 2-4 mm. long; petiolules ca. 2.5
mm. long; inflorescence racemose-paniculate, rachis uncinulate-

puberulent and sparsely to densely patent-pilose; primary bracts
ovate-attenuate, very early deciduous (never persisting in fruit),
3-5 mm. long, no secondary bracts present; pedicels chiefly pilosu-
lous, 0.7-1.6 cm. long; calyx puberulent and pilose along central
tooth of lower lobe, central tooth of lower lobe ovate-acuminate,
3.5 mm. long, lateral teeth 3 mm. long, upper bifid lobe 3 mm. long;
standard obovate, retuse, cuneate, 4.5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
wings obliquely rectangular, 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, keel-
petals very broad at apex, 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad; loment
essentially sessile, to 5-articulate, dorsal suture almost straight,
ventral suture curved, constricted at each isthmus; articles uncinu-
late-pubescent, 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide.
Loreto:Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug 1230.
Iquitos and 120 meters, Williams 3572; 7951. Lower Rio
vicinity,
Huallaga, 155-210 meters, Williams 3855. La Victoria on the Ama-
zon River, Williams 2773. Alto Rio Itaya, 145 meters, Williams
3233; 3333. Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 277; 410; 364; 464. San
Martin: San Roque, 1,350-1,500 meters, Williams 7207. Junin:
Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 313; 364 P-P-', 1,500
meters, 306; 490. Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, 1,300-
1,700 meters, Schunke AllO; A112. Peru-Colombia Border: Rio
Putumayo, Klug 1644- Through the West Indies and tropical
continental America.
Desmodium affine Schlecht. in Linnaea 12: 312. 1838.
Herbaceous, ascending; stem moderately spreading-pilose with

fine long soft trichomes and minutely puberulent with very short
hooked ones; petioles with pubescence similar to that of the stem,
2-3.5 cm. long, rachis 0.3-0.5 cm. long; leaflets dark-green and long-
appressed-pilose above, beneath paler with shorter denser pilosity
and the midrib and chief lateral veins prominent, terminal leaflets
ovate-rhombic to almost orbicular, with obtuse apex and mostly
acute base, 2-3.5 cm. long, 1.6-2.5 cm. broad, lateral leaflets mostly
obliquely ovate, with obtuse apex and chiefly rounded base, 1.6-2.7
cm. long and 1.2-1.8 cm. wide; stipules ovate-acuminate, striate,
long-ciliate, 4-7.5 mm. long; stipels subulate, ciliate, puberulent,
2-3 mm.long; petiolules pilose, ca. 2 mm. long; inflorescence axillary,
racemose, rachis minutely puberulent; primary bracts slenderly
ovate, striate, puberulent and ciliate, ca. 3 mm. long, secondary
bracts slender, ciliate, ca. 1.5 mm. long, both types early deciduous;
FLORA OF PERU 419
pedicels puberulent, 1-1.5 cm. long; calyx puberulent and somewhat

pilose, teeth of lower lobe acuminate and almost equal, 3-3.5 mm.
long, upper bifid lobe 3-3.6 mm.
long; standard obovate, rounded
above, ca. 6 mm. long and 5 mm.
broad; wings obliquely elliptic,
broadly obtuse at apex, short-unguiculate, ca. 6.5 mm. long; keel-
petals more narrowly elliptic and longer unguiculate, ca. 6 mm.
long; loment short-stipitate, to 5-articulate, articles rectangular,
with dorsal suture essentially straight and ventral curved, constricted
at the isthmi, articles densely uncinulate-puberulent, up to 5.5 mm.
long and 3 mm. wide. This specimen agrees more closely with the
description of D. affine than that of any other species; authentic
material, however, has unfortunately not been available.
Cuzco: Prov. Convention, Hacienda Potrero, 1,350 meters,
Vargas 1 731 Northern half of South America.
.
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. genuinum Urb. Symb.

Ant. 2: 303. 1900; Schubert in Contr. Gray Herb. 135: 79-81, 89.
map 1. pi. 1, figs. A15-21. 1941. D. axillare (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 2:
333. 1825. Hedysarum axillare Sw. Prodr. 107. 1788; Fl. Ind. Occ.
1274. 1806 emend. Meibomia axillaris (Sw.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1:
195. 1891. Nephromeria axillaris (Sw.) Schindl. in Repert. Sp.
Nov. 20: 284. 1924. D. axillare (Sw.) DC. var. a genuinum
Urb. Symb. Ant. 2: 303. 1900. M. axillaris (Sw.) 0. Ktze. var. a
obtusifoliola 0. Ktze. loc. cit. D. axillare (Sw.) DC. var. a obtusi-
foliola (Ktze.) Urb. op. cit. 4: 291. 1905. N. axillaris (Sw.)
Schindl. var. a obtusifoliola (0. Ktze.) Schindl. loc. cit. H. reptans
Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6: 422. 1804. D. reptans (Poir.) DC.
ioc. cit. M. reptans (Poir.) O. Ktze. op. cit. 1: 198. 1891.
D. radicans Macfad. Jam. 1: 269. 1837. Meibomia andina
Fl.
Rusby in Mem. Torrey Club 3, pt. 3: 21. 1893, as to isotypes

in Gray Herbarium, Missouri Botanic Garden and the U. S. National
Herbarium, not as to type in the herbarium of the N. Y. Botanical

Garden.
Herbaceous, stem repent, rooting at the nodes; rather finely
striate, terete to subangular, uncinulate-puberulent; internodes
11-13 cm. long; petioles rather densely uncinulate-pubescent and
moderately patent-pilose, 3.6-11.5 cm. long; rachis mostly short
patent-pilose up to 5 mm. long; petiolules 2.3-4 mm. long; leaflets
glabrescent to short-appressed-pilose above, prominently reticu-
late and rather densely pilose below, slightly revolute, ciliate,
densely so about base, terminal leaflets ovate-elliptic to ovate,

rhombic or less often orbicular or cuneate, broadly acute to almost

rounded at apex, acute, obtuse or becoming rounded at base, 4-9
cm. long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide, lateral leaflets obliquely ovate or ovate-
elliptic, obtuse, acute or short-acuminate, 3.4-8 cm. long, 2.2-4.5
cm. wide; connate stipules ovate with long-acuminate to filiform
apices, 4.8-6 mm. long, 5 mm. wide (fused); stipels rather early
deciduous, 1.3-4 mm. long; inflorescence axillary, rachis finely
striate, uncinulate-puberulent; bracts ovate-acuminate, 2.5-4.5
mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide; pedicels with uncinulate pubescence
and short, stiff, straight hairs, 0.5-1.7 cm. long; calyx with central
tooth of lower lobe 2.5-3.5 mm. long, lateral teeth 2-3 mm. long,
upper lobe bifid, 2-2.6 mm. long; corolla about twice as long as
calyx, standard 4^.6 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, wings 3.5-4.5 mm.
long, 1.8-2.6 mm. wide, keel-petals 3^4.6 mm. long, 2.2-3.5 mm. wide;
loment stipitate, 1-3-, mostly 2-articulate, spreading-uncinulate-
pilosulous along sutures and stipe, uncinate-pubescent over surface,
stipe 3^i.6 mm. long, subterminal article (5.5) 6-10 mm. long,
(4.4) 4.6-5.5 mm. wide, terminal article 5.8-7 mm. long, 4-4.8
mm. wide.
Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, ca. 135 meters,

Loreto:
Killip &
Smith 27629. Mishuyacu near Iquitos, Klug 482. Along
Rio Itaya, Williams 124; 197. Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 270; 459.
Iquitos and vicinity, Williams 3684- San Martin: San Roque,
Williams 7271. Huanuco: Pampayacu (Cuchero), Poeppig 1536.
Prov. Huanuco, Stork & Horton (U. of Cal. Exped.) 9580. Junin:
Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 375.Cuzco: Prov. Convention,
Hacienda Potrero, 1,300 meters, Vargas 1699. Southernmost
Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America south to
Bolivia; Paraguay; Brazil.
Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. var. Sintenisii Urb. Symb.

Ant. 2: 303. 1900; Schubert in Contr. Gray Herb. 135: 87, 89. map 3.
pi. 1, figs. Al-7. 1941. D. axillare (Sw.) DC. var. 7 Sintenisii Urb.
loc. cit. Meibomia Sintenisii (Urb.) Britton in Britton & Wilson,
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Isl. 5: 402. 1924. Nephromeria
axillaris (Sw.) Schindl. var. 7 Sintenisii (Urb.) Schindl. in Repert.
Sp. Nov. 20: 284. 1924. M. albida Blake in Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 24: 5. 1922.
Habit of var. genuinum; leaflets dark green and dull or sublucid

above with veins more or less prominent, glabrous or with short,
rather sparse puberulence mostly along midrib and veins, lower sur-
FLORA OF PERU 421
face much paler, densely short-appressed-pilose, with venation quite

prominently reticulate and with margins only slightly, if at all,
revolute; leaflets all ovate-acuminate, broadly acute to rounded at
base (somewhat obliquely so in lateral leaflets), becoming rather
abruptly acuminate at apex, terminal leaflets 6.5-10 cm. long, 4-6
cm. wide, lateral leaflets 6-9.5 cm. long, 3-5.5 cm. wide; pedicels up
to 2 cm. long; loment stipitate, stipe 4.6-8 mm. long.
Loreto: Above Pongo de Manseriche, mouth of Rio Santiago,
Mexia 6364- Central America; the Greater Antilles; Colombia;
British Guiana; northwestern Brazil.
Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. & Oerst. in Kjoeb. Vid.

Medd. 1853: 18. 1854. Hedysarum barbatum L. Syst. ed. 10. 1170.
1759. Nicolsonia barbata (L.) DC. Me"m. L<g. 7: 313. 1825. Meibomia
barbata (L.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 195. 1891. H. villosum Mill.
Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 9. 1768. D. villosum (Mill.) DC. Prodr. 2:
338. 1825. N. villosa (Mill.) Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnaea 5: 584.
1830. M. villosa (Mill.) 0. Ktze. op. cit. 198. N. cayennensis
DC. Me"m. L4g. 7: 314. pi. 51. 1825. M. cayennense (DC.) 0. Ktze.
op. cit. 197. N. cayennensis DC. var. obovata DC. loc. cit.
H. venustulum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 519. 1824. N. venustula

(HBK.) DC. loc. cit.
Habit variable, prostrate or ascending to erect; stem, branches,

petioles and inflorescence white-spreading-pilose throughout, or
plant chiefly and densely fulvous-pilose; leaves uni- to tri-foliolate;
petioles 0.5-1.5 cm. long; rachis 0.3-0.5 cm. long; petiolules 1-3
mm. long; leaflets oval to elliptic-obtuse, usually mucronate, often
retuse, sparsely appressed-pilose above, densely so beneath, terminal
leaflets 1.4-4.5 cm. long, cm. wide, lateral leaflets similar,
ca. 0.8-1.8
a little smaller; stipules conspicuous and persistent, 5-12 mm. long;
stipels 0.5-5mm. long; inflorescence of short, congested, rather
densely flowered racemes, the long pubescence of the bracts and
calyces obscuring its form; bracts rather long-persistent, (5)
6-6.5 mm. long; pedicels moderately uncinulate-pilosulous, reflexed
at apex at least at maturity of flowers, 7-7.5 mm. long; calyx long-
silky-pilose and ciliate, deeply lobed, central tooth of lower lobe
4.5 (5) mm. long, equaling lateral teeth, upper lobe deeply bifid,
teeth ovate-attenuate; standard obovate, somewhat unguiculate,
5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, wings oblong, obtuse, clawed, 4.5 mm.
long, up to 2 mm. wide, keel-petals truncate at apex, 4-f mm. long,
1 mm. wide at apex; loment 1-4-articulate, straight along dorsal
suture, somewhat curved below, isthmi nearly equaling width of

article, articles separating easily but sutures at least not early
dehiscent, uncinulate-pubescent, 2-2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, ca. 220 meters, King 3050. San Martin:
Alto Rio Huallaga, 360-900 meters, Williams 5633; 5837. San
Roque, 1,350-1,500 meters, Williams 74-40; 7669. Junin: Chan-
chamayo Valley, 1,000 meters, Schunke 1421. Mexico; Central
America; West Indies; the northern two- thirds of South America.
Desmodium cajanifolium (HBK.) DC. Prodr. 2: 331. 1825.

Hedysarum cajanifolium HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 525. pi. 598.
1824. Meibomia cajanifolia (HBK.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 195.
1891.
Herbaceous and somewhat woody below to shrubby, stem erect,

simple to branched, finely striate, chiefly uncinate-pubescent,
occasionally also pilose; petioles stout, 1.25-4 cm. long; rachis
0.4-1.5 cm. long; petiolules 1-4 mm. long; stipules persistent, 3-7
mm. long; stipels 3-4 mm. long; leaflets ovate
(acute to) obtuse, green,
sublucid, glabrescent to short-puberulent above, densely soft-
appressed to -spreading-pilose with prominent venation beneath,
terminal leaflets 5-9.5 cm. long, 2.2-^4.3 cm. wide, lateral leaflets
4.5-7 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide; inflorescence racemose-paniculate,
rachis striate, uncinate-pubescent; primary bracts up to 3.5 mm.
long, secondary bracts very small, both types early deciduous;
pedicels slender, uncinulate-puberulent, 4-5 mm. long; calyx with
central tooth of lower lobe 2.5-3 mm. long, lateral teeth equaling
central one, upper bifid lobe 2-3 mm. long; standard acute at base,
7-7.5 mm. long, 4-6.5 mm. wide, wings 7.5-8.5 mm. long, 2.5-3.5
mm. wide, keel-petals scythe-shaped, 7.5-8 mm. long, ca. 2 mm.
wide; loment subsessile, up to 6-articulate, articles semiorbicular,
almost straight on dorsal suture, softly uncinulate-puberulent
throughout, ca. 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide.
San Martin: Chazuta, Rio Huallaga, ca. 260 meters, Klug 4071
(rachis fulvous spreading pilose). Zepelacio, near Moyobamba,

1,200-1,600 meters, Klug 3402. Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams
6147. Prope Tarapoto, Spruce 4605. Lamas, 840 meters, Williams
6451. San Roque, 1,350-1,500 meters, Williams 7117; 7499.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, ca. 650 meters, Macbride 4600; Pampayacu,
hacienda at the mouth of Rio Chinchao, ca. 1,200 meters, Macbride
5075. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,000 meters, Schunke 360;
1,200 meters, Schunke 1538. La Merced, ca. 650 meters, Macbride
FLORA OF PERU 423
5227. Cuzco: Prov. Calca, Lares Valley between Calca and Pasto
Grande, Weberbauer 7931. Prov. Convention, Potrero, 1,300
meters, Vargas 1840. Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio
Apurimac, 750-1,000 meters, Killip & Smith 22516. Indefinite:
Bonpland 44- Mexico; Panama; Colombia; Venezuela; Brazil;
Bolivia.
Desmodium campyloclados Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1:

276. 1880. Meibomia campyloclada (Hemsl.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1:
197. 1891. D. immerens Macbr. in Field Mus. Bot. 11: 23. 1931.
Vine; stem somewhat ridged and grooved, glabrescent to usually

uncinulate-puberulent and moderately spreading-pilose; petioles
1.2-5.2 cm. long; rachis similar, 0.7-2 cm. long; petiolules 2-4 mm.
long; leaflets pale beneath with mid vein and chief laterals very
light and conspicuous, soft-pilose on both surfaces, ovate-elliptic
or ovate, mucronate, obtuse to broadly acute at base and apex,
terminal leaflet 4.5-7.5 cm. long, 2.7-3.2 cm. wide, lateral leaflets
2.5-6.5 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide; stipules pilose or puberulent
within, 7-9 mm. long; stipels 3-6 mm. long; inflorescence racemose-
paniculate, rachis uncinulate-pubescent and (densely to) sparsely
pilose; bracts early deciduous, primary bracts up to 4 mm. long,
1.5 mm. wide, secondary bracts 2-2.5 mm. long, more or less per-
sistent until maturity of cm. long;
fruit; pedicels puberulent, 1.3-2.1
calyx with central tooth of lower lobe 4.5 mm. long (including tube),
lateral teeth 4 mm. long, upper lobe bifid to entire, 4 mm. long;
corolla with standard semiorbicular, becoming narrower to the acute
base, 1 cm. long, 7 mm. wide above, wings ca. 9 mm. long, 4 mm.
wide; loment stipitate, to 5-articulate, articles obtusely angled to
rounded below, almost straight above, up to 9 mm. long, 5 mm. wide,
uncinulate-pubescent throughout.
Huanuco: Yanano, ca. 2,000 meters, Macbride 3725. Muna, ca.
3,200 meters, Macbride 4000 (type of D. immerens). Junin: Huaca-
pistana, 1,800-2,400 meters, Killip &
Smith 24166. Cuzco: Prov.
Convention, terraces of Machu-picchu, Hunnewell 16028. Machu-
picchu, 2,000-3,000 meters, Vargas 1868; 2,400 meters, Vargas 944
(an almost glabrous form) .Ayacucho Ccarrapa, between Huanta
:
and Rio Apurimac, 1,000 meters, Killip & Smith 22452. Indefi-
nite: Mathews 3261. Costa Rica; Nicaragua; Colombia.
Desmodium canum (Gmel.) Schinz & Thellung in Me"m. Soc.

Neuchat. Sci. Nat. 5: 371. 1914. Hedysarum canum Gmel. Syst.
Veg. 2, pt. 2: 1124. 1791. Meibomia cana (Gmel.) Blake in Bot. Gaz.
78: 276. 1924. H. racemosum Aubl. PL Guian. 2: 774. 1775. H.

frutescens sensu Jacq. Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 47. pi. 89. 1776. D.
frutescens (Jacq.) Schindl. in Repert. Sp. Nov. 21: 9. 1925. H.
supinum Sw. Prodr. 106. 1788 (not Chaix ex Villars, 1779-80).
D. supinum (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 2: 332. 1825. M. supina (Sw.)
Britton in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 83. 1892. H. incanum Sw.
op. cit. 107 (not Thunb. Fl. Jap. 1784). D. incanum (Sw.) DC. loc.
cit. M. adscendens incana (Sw.) 0. Ktze. op. cit. 195. H. racemi-
ferum Gmel. op. cit. 1125. (?)D. racemiferum DC. op. cit. 331.
M. racemifera (DC.) 0. Ktze. op. cit. 198.
Suffrutescent; stem mostly simple, slender, erect, glabrescent to
uncinulate-puberulent, sometimes also moderately pilose; petioles
0.4-1.5 cm. long; rachis 0.3-0.8 cm. long; petiolules 1.5-3 mm. long;
leaflets coriaceous, dull to shining and essentially glabrous or finely
puberulent above, paler and soft-appressed-pilose beneath, mostly
elliptic to elliptic-ovate, obtuse at base and acute at apex, terminal
leaflets 3.5-6 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, lateral leaflets 2-3.8 cm. long,
1-2 cm. wide; stipules chiefly connate, 6-10 mm. long; stipels 4-5
mm. long; inflorescence usually a simple axillary or terminal raceme,
rachis subangulate to shallowly canaliculate, finely uncinulate-
puberulent and sometimes sparsely patent-pilose; primary bracts
persistent, each subtending a single pedicel, 2.5-4.5 mm. long, each
pedicel further subtended by two similar smaller secondary bracts;
pedicels finely uncinulate-puberulent, 0.6-1.1 cm. long; calyx with
central tooth of lower lobe narrowly acute, 4 mm. long, lateral
lobes broader, ca. 3-3.5 mm. long, upper bifid lobe 3 mm. long;
standard obovate, retuse, cuneate, ca. 5 mm. long and wide, wings
ca. 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, keel-petals ca. 5 mm. long and 1.5
mm. broad; loments stipitate, up to 7-articulate, articles almost
quadrangular in outline but with ventral suture somewhat curved
and slightly constricted, dorsal suture essentially straight, surfaces
densely uncinulate-pubescent, ca. 4 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad,
isthmi equal to about two-thirds the width of the article.
Loreto: Lower Rio Huallaga, 155-210 meters, Williams 3948;
3976. San Martin: Alto Rio Huallaga, 360-900 meters, Williams
5780. Cuzco: Prov. Convention, hacienda Potrero, 1,300 meters,
Vargas 1741. Florida; southernmost Mexico; the West Indies;
Guiana; Brazil. Also in Africa according to Fawcett & Rendle.
Desmodium delotum Macbr. in Field Mus. Bot. 8: 102. 1930.
Suffrutescent, trailing-ascending; stem uncinate-puberulent, be-

coming glabrous; petioles up to 3.2 cm. long; rachis similar, up to
FLORA OF PERU 425
1 cm. long; petiolules 3-3.5 mm. long; leaflets coriaceous, puberulent

and shining above, dull and pilose beneath, terminal leaflet lance- to
rhombic-ovate, up to 5.5 cm. long and 3.8 cm. broad, lateral leaflets
elliptic to ovate, up to 5 cm. long and 2.6 cm. broad; stipules ca.
2 mm. long and broad; stipels slender, 2-3 mm. long; inflorescence
racemose-paniculate, rachis uncinate-pubescent; bracts very early
deciduous; pedicels puberulent, up to 1 cm. long; calyx-tube 2 mm.
long, central tooth of lower lobe 2.5 mm. long, lateral teeth ca. 1.5
mm. long, upper lobe bifid, with short overlapping teeth, 2 mm. long;
standard 6-8 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, wings suboblong, 6.5-7 mm.
long, 2.5 mm. broad, keel-petals 6-8 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad;
loment short-stipitate, 4-articulate, articles semielliptic, uncinulate-
puberulent, ca. 5 mm. long and 2 mm. broad.
Junin: La Merced, ca. 650 meters, Macbride 5279 (type).
Endemic.
Desmodium distortum (Aubl.) Macbr. in Field Mus. Bot. 8:

101. 1930. Hedysarum distortum Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 774. 1775.
Meibomia distorta (Aubl.) Schindl. in Repert. Sp. Nov. 22: 281.
1926 (not op. cit. 20: 148. 1924).
Shrub, ca. 2 meters high, slender; stem terete to angulate, striate,
uncinulate-pubescent; leaflets (1) 3-foliolate, petioles 2-3 cm. long;
rachis 0.3-1.3 cm. long; stipules often clasping, 1-1.8 cm. long;
petiolules 2-3.5 mm. long; stipels 4-7 mm. long; leaflets elliptic-
ovate to ovate, appressed-pilose and uncinulate-puberulent above,
softly appressed-pilose (and sometimes uncinulate-puberulent)
beneath and prominently reticulate-veined, terminal leaflets 5-9
cm. long, 2-7.3 cm. wide, lateral leaflets 3.5-4.2 cm. long, 1.6-2.5
cm. wide; inflorescence racemose-paniculate, rachis puberulent and
very finely patent-pilose; pedicels rather densely spreading pilose,
4-5 mm. long (in Peruvian specimens) primary bracts ca. 2.5 mm.
;
long; secondary bracts ca. 1 mm. long; calyx with central tooth of
lower lobe 3 mm. long, lateral teeth 2.2-2.8 mm. long, upper bifid
lobe 1.9-2.5 mm. long; standard 5 mm. long and 2.5-3.5 mm. wide,
wings 3.5-4.5 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. wide, keel-petals 4.5-5.5 mm.
long and 2 mm. wide; loment stipitate, up to 6-articulate, articles
orbicular, ca. 2.5 mm. long and broad, lower 2-3 articles puberulent,
the rest essentially glabrous (in Peruvian specimens). Mathews,
collected in 1846, has large broad leaflets and no pilosity on the stem.
It seems intermediate between D. distortum and D. Perrottetii; from
the latter, however, it differs in its very broad stipules, essentially
glabrous upper articles and trifoliolate leaflets.
Huanuco: Yanano, ca. 2,000 meters, Macbride 3792. Muna, ca.
3,200 meters, Macbride 3988. Indefinite: Mathews.
Desmodium glabrum (Mill.) DC. Prodr. 2: 338. 1825. Hedysa-

rum glabrum Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8. no. 12. 1768. Meibomia glabra
(Mill.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 198. 1891. H. molle Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2:
83. 1791. D. molle (Vahl) DC. op. cit. 332. M. mollis (Vahl) 0. Ktze.
loc. cit. H. terminate Rich, in Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 112.
1792. D. terminate (Rich.) DC. op. cit. 327. M. terminalis (Rich.)
0. Ktze. loc. cit. D. campestre Brandegee in Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot.
6: 53. 1914.
Herbaceous, erect; stem mostly simple, striate, densely retrorsely

to spreading-pilose, rarely up to 1 meter high; petioles 0.7-4.5 cm.
long; rachis 0.4-1 cm. long; petiolules 1-2.5 mm. long; leaflets
mucronate, chartaceous, lance- to rhombic-ovate, softly glandular-
pilose above, densely pilose with rather conspicuous venation
beneath, terminal leaflet 3-5.8 cm. long, 1.3-2.8 cm. wide, lateral
leaflets somewhat oblique, 2-4 cm. long, 0.7-1.6 cm. wide; stipules
3-5.5 mm. long; stipels 1-3.5 mm. long; inflorescence racemose,
racemes axillary and terminal, rachis ridged and grooved, uncinu-
late-pubescent and spreading pilose; primary bracts 3-5.5 mm.
long; secondary bracts ca. 1.5 mm. long; pedicels finely spreading-
pilose, 6.5-9 mm. long; calyx-tube 1.25 mm. long, central tooth of
lower lobe 2.5 mm. long, lateral teeth 2 mm. long, upper bifid lobe
2 mm. long; standard 3.25 mm. long, 2.25 mm. broad, wings ob-
liquely oblong, unguiculate, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, keel-petals
3 mm.long, 1.75 mm. broad; loment essentially sessile, 4-6-articu-
late,terminal article orbicular to reniform, ca. 7 mm. long and
6 mm. wide, uncinulate-puberulent and pilose, subterminal articles
uncinulate-pubescent on surfaces, hispid on margins which are
strongly and alternately revolute, very small. F.M. Neg. 21838
(H. molle}.
Piura: Between Piura and the Hacienda Nomala, 100-250
meters, Weberbauer 5937. Parifias Valley, H
aught F-43; 137.
Huancavelica: Rio San Bernardo, 1,400-1,500 meters, Weberbauer
6561. Indefinite: ex Herb. Richard (frag, of type of H. terminate).
Southern Mexico; Central America; most of the West Indies; the
northern third of South America.
Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. Symb. Ant. 8: 292. 1920.

Hedysarum intortum Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8. no. 11. 1768. Mei-
bomia intorta (Mill.) Blake in Bot. Gaz. 78: 286. 1924. Hedysarum
FLORA OF PERU 427
trigonum Sw. Prodr. 107. 1788. D. trigonum (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 2:

332. 1825.
Liana or suberect herb; stem unbranched, slender, trisulcate
and lineate, densely uncinate-pubescent and sometimes also rather
densely spreading-pilose; petioles (1.8) 3-5.5 cm. long; rachis 0.6-
1.2 cm. long; petiolules 3 mm. long; leaflets ovate-acuminate,
mucronate, rounded at base, shining and glandular-uncinulate-
puberulent or -pilose or both above, paler and pilose beneath, termi-
nal leaflet 3.5-7.5 cm. long, 1.5-4.5 cm. wide, lateral leaflets 2.2-
6 cm. long, 1-3.3 cm. wide; stipules up to ca. 7 mm. long; stipels ca.
3-5 mm. long; inflorescence racemose, racemes axillary and terminal,
rachis densely uncinate-pubescent; primary bracts up to 8 mm.
long; secondary bracts not always present; pedicels uncinulate-
puberulent (to glabrescent in age), 6-8 mm. long; calyx puberulent
and somewhat pilose on the teeth, central tooth of lower lobe 5 mm.
long, lateral teeth 4 mm. long, upper bifid lobe 4 mm. long; standard
9 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, wings subelliptic, 8 mm. long, 3 mm.
broad, keel-petals subfalcate, 8 mm. long, 3 mm. broad; loment
stipitate, to 9-articulate, articles semirhomboid to semi-orbicular,
4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, isthmi excentric, narrow.
San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, ca. 1,100 meters,
Klug 3629. Huanuco: Mufia, ca. 2,300 meters, Macbride 3999.
Mexico; Central America; most of South America.
Desmodium intortum var. apiculatum Schubert, var. nov.,

D. intorto simillima, bracteis primariis, apiculatis, 5-10 mm. longis.
Huanuco: Huacachi, estacion near Mufia, ca. 2,150 meters,
Macbride 4072. Dist. Churubamba, Hacienda Exito, islet in Rio
Cayumba, 1,150 meters, Mexia 8158 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Cuzco: Valle del Apurimac, February, 1929, Herrera s.n. Apurimac:
Andahuailas, Herrera 1489.
Desmodium limense Hook. Bot. Misc. 2: 215. 1831. Mei-

bomia limensis (Hook.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 198. 1891. (?)D. peru-
vianum Vogel in Meyen, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.-Carol. 19: Suppl. 1:
30. 1843.
Herbaceous, decumbent to ascending; stem slender, canaliculate,

uncinulate-puberulent and pilose, sometimes sparsely so; petioles
1.5-3.5 cm. long; rachis 0.4-1 cm. long; petiolules 1-1.5 mm. long;
stipules to 6.5 mm. long, not usually very long-persistent; stipels
3.5 mm. long; leaflets thin, somewhat shining and glabrescent to
rather densely uncinulate-puberulent and appressed-pilose above
(sometimes with a paler region along the midrib, but only rarely),
rather densely appressed-pilose beneath, with midrib and chief
lateral veins prominent, terminal leaflets mostly rhombic-ovate,
obtuse to acutish, 2-5.8 cm. long, 1.2-3 cm. wide, lateral leaflets
mostly elliptic, 1.7-5.3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide; inflorescence race-
mose, rachis uncinulate-puberulent and patent-pilose (or only uncin-
ulate-puberulent) primary bracts 5-8 mm. long; secondary bracts
;
not seen; pedicels uncinulate-puberulent, 4-5.5 mm. long; calyx

puberulent and sometimes pilose, central tooth of lower lobe 5 mm.
long, lateral teeth 4 mm. long, upper bifid lobe 3.5 mm. long; stand-
ard 6 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, wings 6 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, keel-
petals 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide; loment stipitate, to 8-articulate,
articles uncinate-pubescent, semielliptic, ca. 4 mm. long and 2.5
mm. broad. Schindler considered D. peruvianum a synonym of D.
limense. Vogel in describing Rio species indicates a close relation-
ship with D. cajanifolium. I have seen no authentic material of D.
peruvianum, nor, in fact, any material so identified.
Lima: Magdalena near Lima, Nee. Lima and Peruvia septentri-
onalis,Cuming 1024. Lima, Seeman 757. Regione inferiori Andium
Peruviae, in convalle fluminis Rimac, 1,500-1,600 meters, Ball 6.
The west slopes of the Andes from Ecuador to middle Chile and the
Galapagos Islands (according to Schindler).
Desmodium micranthum (Schindl.) Macbr. in Field Mus.

Bot. 8: 101. 1930. Meibomia micrantha Schindl. in Repert. Sp. Nov.
22: 283. 1926.
Suffrutescent; stem shallowly canaliculate, uncinate-pubescent,

becoming glabrous; petioles up to 5 cm. long; rachis to 2 cm. long;
petiolules 2-3 mm. long; leaflets thin, appressed-pilose on both sur-
faces, terminal leaflet ovate-lanceolate to ovate, obtuse to acutish
at apex, cuneate at base, up to 8 cm. long and 4 cm. broad, lateral
abruptly narrowed from a broad
leaflets smaller, oblique; stipules
base, early deciduous, up to 5 mm. long; stipels 3-5 mm. long;

inflorescence broadly paniculate, panicles axillary and terminal,
spreading, rachis stiff-patent-pilose; primary bracts persistent, up
to 4 mm. long; secondary bracts similar, smaller; pedicels slender,
puberulent, 6-10 mm. long; calyx pilose, central tooth of lower lobe
2 mm. long, lateral teeth ca. 1.5 mm. long, upper bifid lobe 1.5 mm.
long; (in young flower) standard ca. 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide,
wings obliquely oblong, 1.5 mm. long, less than 1 wide, mm.
keel-petals equaling wings; loment (very immature) subsessile, up
FLORA OF PERU 429
to 6-articulate, articles rhomboidal, uncinulate-pubescent and some-

what pilose, 1-1.5 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 2917.
Lambayeque(?) : Uber Olmos, Weberbauer (fragment of type).
Endemic.
Desmodium micranthum var. Macbridei Schubert, var.

nov., D. micrantho simile, rhachi inflorescentiae uncinulato-pilosulo.
Indefinite: Weberbauer 5988 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). En-
demic.
Desmodium molliculum (HBK.) DC. Prodr. 2: 331. 1825.

Hedysarum molliculum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 519. 1824. Mei-
bomia mollicula (HBK.) O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 198. 1891.
Prostrate, stem ridged and grooved, densely patent-pilose with
soft white trichomes; petioles short, to about 1.3 cm. long; rachis to
ca. 0.5 cm. long; petiolules ca. 1.5 mm. long; leaflets subrhombic to
orbicular, retuse, usually mucronate, with the thick veins mostly

impressed above, prominent on the paler lower surface, both sur-
faces appressed-pilose, terminal leaflet up to 1.8 cm. long and wide,
lateral leaflets mostly broadly elliptic, about 1 cm. long, 0.9 cm. wide;
stipules mm. long; stipels 1.5 mm. long; inflorescence laxly
4-5
racemose, rachis finely canaliculate, uncinulate-puberulent; primary
bracts early deciduous, up to 6 mm. long; secondary bracts present;
pedicels glutinous spreading-pilose, 6-15 mm. long; calyx pilosulous
and somewhat long-pilose along center of dorsal surface of teeth,
teeth ciliate, with central tooth of lower lobe ovate-attenuate, 2-3
mm. long, lateral teeth acute, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, upper bifid lobe ca.
2 mm. long; standard ca. 1 cm. long, 0.8 cm. wide above, wings
8.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, keel-petals 9 mm. long, narrowed to a
slender claw, ca. 2.5 mm. wide at truncate apex, loment stipitate,
up to 6-articulate, stipe equaling or slightly longer than calyx,
articles suborbicular with the reticulate surfaces uncinate-puberu-
lent, ca. 4 mm. long and wide.
Huanuco: Ca. 3,200 meters, Macbride 3210. Suburb of Huanuco
City, Sawada P.I 18 (partly quinquef oliolate) Mito, Macbride
. &
Feather stone 1370. Junin: Uspachaca, ca. 2,800 meters, Macbride &
Feather stone 1311. Cuzco: Prov. Calca, Quebrada de San Salvador,
3,050 meters, Vargas 122. Prov. Paruro, dist. Callcha, Quete-
pampa, on the left side of the Rio Apurimac, 2,820 meters, Vargas
(U. of Cal. Exped.) 9731; 2,850 meters, Vargas 9731B. Prov.
Urubamba, Chicon Canyon, Vargas (U. of Cal. Exped.) 11064-
Ayacucho: Pampalca, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, ca.

3,200 meters, Kittip & Smith 22258. Indefinite: Mathews 3264,
p.p. Mexico; Guatemala; Colombia; Venezuela.
Des medium neo-mexicanum Gray in Smithson. Contr. to
Knowledge, 3, art. 5: 53. 1852. (PL Wright. 1: 53); Schubert in

Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 13, 6. map 5. pi. 1, figs. Cl-9. 1940. Mei-
bomia neomexicana (Gray) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 198. 1891. M.
Nova-Mexicana Vail in Bull. Torrey Club 19: 116. 1892. [as a cor-
rection for M. neomexicana (Gray) 0. Ktze., which she quoted as
"M. Neo-Mexicana"}. D.Bigelovii Gray, op. cit. 5, art. 6: 47. 1853
(PL Wright. 2: 47). D. neo-mexicanum Gray var. Bigelovii (Gray)
Watson, M. Bigelowii (Gray) O. Ktze. op.
Bibl. Ind. 217. 1878.
cit. D. spirale (Sw.) DC. var. Bigelovii (Gray) Robins. &
197.
Greenm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 385. 1894. M. Hoehneana
Schindl. in Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 151. 1924. M. Lilloana Schindl.
op. cit. 152. D. Lilloanum (Schindl.) Burkart in Darwiniana, 3:
196. fig. Ilk (p. 207). 1939. M. spiralis sensu Hoehne in Anex.
Mem. Inst. Butantan Bot. 1: 50. 1921 as to specimen cited, Lillo
4436, not (Sw.) 0. Ktze. M. humilis Schindl. loc. cit. D. humile
(Schindl.) Burkart, op. cit. 198. M. parva Schindl. op. cit. 153.
D. parvum (Schindl.) Standl. in Field Mus. Bot. 11: 160. 1936.
Herbaceous, much branched from base; branches grooved or
subangulate, sparsely to densely uncinulate-puberulent; leaves
chiefly trifoliolate, the lowermost unifoliolate; petioles 0.7-5.4 cm.
long; leaf-rachis 0.15-1.2 cm. long; petiolules 0.6-1.8 mm. long;
leaflets linear-lanceolate to ovate, rhombic- or more often lance-
ovate, long-acuminate, obtuse and mucronulate at tip, cuneate to

suborbicular at base, margins slightly revolute, ciliate, brightish
green, glabriusculous to moderately strigose on upper surface, paler
and sparsely to densely strigose below, often uncinulate-puberulent
chiefly on midrib and veins of both surfaces, terminal leaflet 1.2-6
cm. long, 0.32-1.5 cm. broad, lateral leaflets 1.1-5.2 cm. long, 0.18-
0.64 cm. broad; stipules 1.4-4.4 (6) mm. long; stipels 0.5-1.6 mm.
long; inflorescence racemose-paniculate, rachis subangulate, rather
densely uncinulate-puberulent; bracts persistent, becoming reflexed
at maturity of loment; secondary bracts (1.6) 2-3.6 (4.5) mm.
long; pedicels uncinulate-puberulent (densely so in flower, less so in
fruit),0.72-1.25 (in fruit -2) cm. long; calyx moderately pilose and
uncinulate-puberulent, upper lobe bifid, 1.2-1.8 mm. long, central
tooth of lower lobe 1.4-1.8 mm. long, lateral teeth 1.4-1.5 mm. long;
FLORA OF PERU 431
standard 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, wings ca. 2.1 mm. long, keel-
petals ca. 2.6 mm. long; loment (2) 4-5-articulate, sessile to sub-
stipitate (occasionally stipitate); articles rhomboidal, reticulate,
densely pilose and uncinulate-hispidulous when young, becoming
less so at maturity, 3-4 mm.
long, 2.2-3 mm. wide, sutures slightly
revolute to muchfolded, terminal article usually orbicular or sub-
orbicular, 3.2-4 mm. long, 2.8-3.2 mm. wide (sometimes glabrous).

Huanuco: Ambo, ca. 3,200 meters, Macbride 3189; 3245. Lima:
San Bartolome*, 1,500 meters, Weberbauer 5282. Cuzco: Prov.
Paruro, isquierda Rio Apurimac, 2,500 meters, Vargas 891. Prov.
Calca, "Urco," 2,870 meters, Vargas 1647. Southwestern United
States, south into Mexico and in regions of rather high altitude in
Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.
Desmodium Perrottetii DC. M^m. Le"g. 7: 324. 1825. Mei-

bomia (Aubl.) Schindl. var. Perrottetii (DC.)
distorta Schindl. in
Repert. Sp. Nov. 22: 282. 1926, as to name.
Herbaceous annual; stem simple, terete to subangulate, striate,
uncinulate-pubescent; leaves unifoliolate; petioles pubescent as is
stem, 0.8-1.5 cm. long; petiolules patent-pilose up to 3 mm. long;
stipules persistent, ca. 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base; stipels ca.
4 mm. long; leaflets
rounded-ovate, obtuse, mucronate, soft-
appressed-pilose above, densely soft-pilose beneath and with promi-
nently reticulate venation, up to 5.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide;
inflorescence racemose-paniculate; rachis uncinulate-puberulent;
primary bracts up to 1.5 mm. long; secondary bracts very small,
not long persistent; pedicels very short, puberulent, ca. 1.5 mm. long;
calyx puberulent and somewhat spreading villous, central tooth of
lower lobe ca. 2 mm. long, lateral teeth equaling central one, upper
bifid lobe 1.5 mm. long; standard up to 4.5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide,
wings ca. 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, keel-petals up to 5.5 mm. long;
loment substipitate, 3-6-articulate, articles rhomboidal to rounded,
puberulent, 2.5-3 mm. long. F.M. Neg. 6958.
Cuzco: Prov. Convention, Echasate, 950 meters, Vargas 1150.
French Guiana. "Maxmanillo."
Desmodium Poeppigianum (Schindl.) Macbr. in Field Mus.

Bot. 8: 101. 1930. Nephromeria Poeppigiana Schindl. in Repert.
Sp. Nov. 20: 283. 1924.
Vine; stem terete, uncinate-pubescent; petioles 2.5-4.5 cm. long;
rachis 1.5-2.5 cm. long; petiolules 2.5-3 mm. long; leaflets mucronate,
ovate, rounded at base, acute, sparsely pilose above, rather densely

and softly so below, terminal leaflet 7-10 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide,
lateral leaflets somewhat oblique, 4-7.5 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide; stip-
ules said to be broadly ovate, acuminate, ciliate and very early
deciduous (none seen) ; stipels ca. 5 mm. long; inflorescence racemose,
the axillary racemes each subtended by ovate-attenuate, striate,
puberulent, connate bracts, 3.5 mm. long; rachis striate,
ciliate,
uncinate-pubescent, primary bracts subtending pairs of pedicels,
striate, very early deciduous, the secondary strap-shaped bracts
ciliate at apex, extremely early deciduous, 1.5 mm. long; pedicels
uncinulate-puberulent, up to 8 mm. long; calyx puberulent, tube

shallow, 1-1.5 mm. long, central tooth of lower lobe 3 mm. long,
lateral teeth 2 mm. long, upper lobe bifid, 3.5 mm. long; corolla
white, standard 6.5 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, wings 5 mm. long,
keel-petals equaling wings in length, fused almost the whole length
and forming a T with dilated arms; loment stipitate, 1-2 (3?)
-articulate, stipe ca. 3 mm. long, articles membranaceous, reticu-
late, suborbicular,with a very shallow angle formed by the dorsal
suture of each article, isthmus joining articles up to 2 mm. wide,
articles up to 2.2 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, ciliate on sutures,
surfaces essentially glabrous. F.M. Neg. 2919.
Forests. Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug
281; 1465; Killip &
Smith 27060. Pebas on the Amazon River,
Williams 1789. San Martin: Tocache, Poeppig 1896. Huanuco:
Pozuzo, ca. 650 meters, Macbride 1+61+9. Endemic.
Desmodium sclerophyllum Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1:

102. 1859. Meibomia sclerophylla (Benth.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1:
198. 1891.
Herbaceous; stem simple, erect, finely striate, uncinulate-

puberulent; leaves unifoliolate, essentially sessile, leaflets lanceolate,
narrowed to an acutish apex, rounded at base, dull and puberulous
above, prominently reticulate and soft-puberulent beneath, 4-9.5
cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad; petiolule ca. 2 mm. long, equaling petiole,
both densely short-spreading-pubescent; stipules apparently early
deciduous; inflorescenceracemose-paniculate, rachis uncinulate-
pubescent; primary bracts up to 3.5 mm. long, secondary bracts
smaller; pedicels uncinulate-puberulent, up to 3 mm. long; calyx
spreading-pilose and puberulent, teeth ciliolate, central tooth of
lower lobe 3.5 mm. long, lateral teeth 3 mm. long, bifid lobe 2.5
mm. long; standard 5-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, wings suboblong,
FLORA OF PERU 433
5-5.5 mm. long, ca. 1.75-2 mm. broad, keel-petals truncate at apex,
5-6 mm. long, 1.75-2 mm. wide; loment multiarticulate, articles
almost orbicular, very short-pubescent, ca. 3 mm. long and 2 mm.
wide. F.M. Neg. 32127.
Loreto: Tarapoto, Vie 6536. San Martin: Alto Rio Huallaga,
360-900 meters, Williams 6520. British Guiana; Brazil.
Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv. Journ. Bot. 1: 122. 1813;

DC. Prodr. 2: 333. 1825. Hedysarum scorpiurus Sw. Prodr. 107.
1788. Meibomia scorpiurus (Sw.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 198. 1891.
Nissoloides cylindrica M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 18: 135. 1935.
Subshrubby, prostrate or scandent to ascending; stem terete

to angled, uncinulate-pilosulous; petioles 0.8-1.2 cm. long, rachis up
to 0.3 cm. long; petiolules ca. 1 mm. long; leaflets mostly narrowly
to broadly elliptic, obtuse, appressed-pilose above and below with
midrib and chief lateral veins prominent on lower surface, terminal
leaflet 1.1-2 cm. long, 0.5-1 cm. wide, lateral leaflets 1-1.5 cm.
long, 0.4-0.7 cm. wide; stipules 3-4.5 mm. long; stipels 1-2 mm.
long; inflorescence racemose, rachis very finely striate, puberulent;
primary bracts up to ca. 4 mm. long, secondary bracts ca. 2 mm.
long; pedicels puberulent, up to ca. 7 mm. long; calyx spreading-
pilose with central tooth of lower lobe 2 mm. long, lateral teeth
1.75 mm. long, upper lobe bifid, 2 mm. long; standard 3.5 mm.
long, 1.25 mm. wide, wings equaling standard, keel-petals 4 mm. long,
1.5 mm. wide; loment short-stipitate, usually 5-articulate, articles
mostly oblong, scarcely if at all narrowed at isthmus, reticulate,
uncinulate-pubescent, up to about 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide.
Loreto: Puerto Arturo, lower Rio Huallaga below Yurimaguas,
ca.135 meters, Killip &
Smith 27930 p.p. Lower Rio Huallaga, 155-
210 meters, Williams 5038. La Libertad: Prov. Trujillo, on sand
flat between Trujillo and Salaverry, 5 meters, Eyerdam (U. of Cal.
Exped.) 9053. San Martin: Prope Tarapoto, Spruce 4113. Lima:
Rimac, juxta Lima, Ball. Junin: La Merced, ca. 650 meters, Mac-
bride 5226. Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America
south to Peru.
Desmodium subsericeum Malme in Ark. Bot. 18, no. 7: 4.

pi. l,fig. 1. 1922. Meibomia subsericea (Malme) Schindl. in Repert.
Sp. Nov. 20: 145. 1922.
Suffrutescent, up to 2.5 meters high; stem scandent to erect,
deeply trisulcate, uncinulate-pubescent and somewhat appressed
pilose; petioles ca. 3^4 cm. long, rachis 0.7-1.1 cm. long; petiolules
densely spreading-pilose, ca. 3 mm. long; leaflets thin, bright to
dark-green, moderately appressed-pilose with short stiff hairs above,
paler beneath and densely soft-appressed-pilose with the midrib and
chief lateral veins prominent, terminal leaflet ovate, acute to obtuse,
mucronate, rounded at base, 5-7 cm. long, 4-5.5 cm. wide, lateral
leafletssimilar, a little oblique, only slightly smaller; stipules
ca. 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base, very early deciduous; stipels up
to 4 mm. long; inflorescence racemose, racemes terminal or axillary,
rachis shallowly canaliculate, uncinulate-pubescent; primary bracts
6.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide; no secondary bracts seen; pedicels
slender, uncinulate-puberulent, 6-9 mm. long; calyx minutely
puberulent, somewhat pilose along central tooth of lower lobe or
more or less pilose throughout, central tooth of lower lobe 3.5-5
mm. long, lateral teeth 3-4 mm. long, upper bifid lobe 2-3 mm.
long; standard 5.5-11 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, wings 6-10 mm. long,
2-3 mm. wide, keel-petals 6-8 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide; loment
6-articulate, sessile to stipitate, articles chiefly semiorbicular, uncinu-
late-puberulent ca. 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide.
Huanuco: Pozuzo, ca. 650 meters, Macbride 4555. Junin: La
Merced, 700
ca. meters, Killip & Smith 23459. Chanchamayo Valley,
1,200 meters, Schunke 261; 1742. Brazil.
Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 2: 332. 1825. Hedy-

sarum tortuosum Sw. Prodr. 107. 1788. Meibomia tortuosa (Sw.)
0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 198. 1891. Hedysarum purpureum Mill.
Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 6. M. purpurea (Mill.) Vail apud
1768.
Small, Fl. Se. U. S. 639. D. purpureum (Mill.) Fawcett &
1903.
Rendle, Fl. Jam. 4: 36. 1920, not Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechey
Voy. 62. 1832.
Herbaceous, stem usually branched from the base, subangulate,

finely striate, moderately uncinulate-pubescent; leaves frequently
unifoliolate at base, always trifoliolate above; petioles 1-2.5 cm.
long; rachis 0.5-0.8 cm. long; petiolules 1-1.5 mm. long; stipules
not very long-persistent, 1 cm. long, up to 4 mm. wide at base;
stipelsup to 3.5 mm. long; leaflets elliptic to rhombic-ovate, obtuse,
mucronate, reticulation between the chief lateral veins prominent,
particularly on the lower surface, both surfaces puberulent to soft-
appressed-pilose, margins ciliate, terminal leaflet 3.5-5 cm. long,
1.5-3.3 cm. wide, lateral leaflets 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide;
inflorescence racemose-paniculate, racemes axillary and terminal,
FLORA OF PERU 435
rachis lineate, glandular-pilose; primary bracts ca. 5 mm. long;

secondary bracts much smaller, both types early deciduous; pedicels
moderately spreading-glandular-pilose, 1-1.7 cm. long; calyx puberu-
lent and with stiff long trichomes on teeth of both lobes, central
tooth of lower lobe 2.5 mm. long, lateral teeth a little shorter, upper
bifid lobe 2 mm. long; standard obovate, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide
above, wings ca. 4 mm. long, up to 1.5 mm. wide, keel-petals falcate,
4.5 mm. long; loment 4-6-articulate, sessile, articles chiefly rhomboi-
dal with margins alternately involute and revolute, terminal articles
often more nearly orbicular, uncinulate-puberulent throughout, ca.
3.5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide.
Junin: La Merced, ca. 650 meters, Macbride 5313. Cuzco:
Quillabamba, Soukup 186. Prov. Convention, hacienda Sahuayaco,
830 meters, Vargas 1672. In the United States in Florida; southern
Mexico and Central America; the West Indies to Grenada; northern
South America. "Kubi-sulluchi."
Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC. Prodr. 2: 331. 1825.

Hedysarum uncinatum Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 27. pi. 298. 1798.
Meibomia uncinata (Jacq.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 197. 1891.
Herbaceous, ascending to erect; stem branched, densely uncinate-
pubescent with stout trichomes; petioles 2-5.5 cm. long; rachis 0.5-
1.2 cm. long; petiolules 2-2.5 mm. long; leaflets nearly orbicular
to rounded-ovate, acute to obtusish at apex, mucronate, rounded
to subcordate at base, lateral leaflets only slightly if at all smaller
than terminal, upper surface glandular pilose (and also uncinulate-
puberulent) with a shining mostly glabrous portion adjoining the
midrib, lower surface also glandular-pilose, margins ciliate, 3.5-5.5
cm. long, 1.7-2.5 cm. broad; stipules 0.8-1 cm. long; stipels 2-6
mm. long; inflorescence racemose, racemes axillary and terminal;
rachis uncinulate-puberulent to -pubescent and sparsely to densely
patent-pilose; primary bracts 4.5-8 mm. long; secondary bracts up
to 4.5 mm. long; pedicels glandular-hispid, 0.6-1 cm. long; calyx
puberulent and hispid, central tooth of lower lobe 5 mm. long, lateral
teeth 3-4mm. long, bifid lobe ca. 4 mm. long; standard 1 cm. long,
0.9 cm. wide, wings 1 cm. long, 0.3 cm. wide, keel-petals 1.1 cm.
long and 0.4 cm. wide; loment stipitate, up to 7-articulate, articles
semirhomboidal, densely uncinate-pubescent, ca. 5 mm. long and
3 mm. wide. D. intortum, D. limense, D. Aparines and D. uncinatum
have been hopelessly confused. Schindler's treatment which dis-
tinguishes several species on the basis of geographical range is of
littlehelp, since it does not take into consideration taxonomic

characters. Critical study of the type specimens is the only way
in which the problem can be solved.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews, s.n. San Martin: San
Roque, 1,350-1,500 meters, Williams 7140; 7490. Huanuco Ambo, :
ca. 2,500 meters, Macbride 3191. Muna, ca. 2,500 meters, Macbride
3998. Junin: Cabello, hacienda nine miles above Huertas, ca.
2,600 meters, Macbride 1331. Cuzco: Yucay, Soukup 767. Indefi-
nite: Maclean, s.n. Northern Argentina and Brazil to the northern
boundary of Bahia, west to the east slopes of the Andes, the high-
lands of Venezuela (according to Schindler).
Desmodium Vargasianum var. arcuatum Schubert, var. nov.,

frutescens; ramis sparse pilosis et uncinulato-puberulentibus; folio-
lis ovatis, obtusis, non prominenter mucronatis, pilosis utrinque;
bracteis ca. 1 cm. longis, attenuatis supra mediam; lomentis imma-
turis arcuam 90 formantibus, 8-articulatis, articulis, late- vel semi-
ellipticis vel orbiculatis, ad 5 mm. longis, 3 (4) mm. latis. Pennell
13998 with elliptic, prominently mueronate leaflets and small bracts,
and the immature loments essentially straight seems to be transi-
tional between varieties bracteatum and curvatum, but the material
is inadequate for definite determination at present. The relation-
ship, however, is distinct.
La Libertad: Chicama Valley, E. Graywood Smyth 5. Lima:
Chosica, ca. 1,000 meters, Macbride 2859 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Huancavelica: Prov. Castro- Virreyna, western slopes of the Andes
above Pisco, Pampano, Weberbauer 5388.
Desmodium Vargasianum var. bracteatum Schubert, var.

nov., semi-erecta; ramis puberulentibus; foliolis ellipticis, mucronatis,
pilosis subtus, puberulentibus supra; bracteis magnis, ad 1.5 mm.
longis, attenuatis tertia parte superiore; lomentis ad 8-articulatis,
articulis parvis, ca. 5 mm. longis et 3 (4) mm. latis, uncinulato-
puberulentibus.
Slopes.Huanuco: Huacachi (estacion near Muna), ca. 3,250
meters, Macbride 4150 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Junin: San
Rafael, ca. 2,800 meters, Macbride 3132.
Desmodium Vargasianum var. ellipticum Schubert, var. nov.,

herbacea; ramis subprostratis, glabrescentibus vel sparse uncinu-
lato-pilosulis; foliolis ellipticis, obtusis, mucronatis, pilosis utrinque,
densius subtus, foliolis terminalibus ad 3.2 cm. longis et 1.7 cm.
FLORA OF PERU 437
latis, foliolis lateralibus ad 2.7 cm. longis et 1.5 cm. latis; lomentibus
eis varietatis typicae similibus.
Open hillside. Junin: Carpapata, above Huacapistana, ca.

2,400 meters, Kittip & Smith 24351 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Desmodium Vargasianum Schubert var. typicum. D. Varga-

sianum Schubert in Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 11. pi. l,figs. 1-5. 1939.
Subscandent, with white pubescence except on inflorescence;

stem simple, striate, densely canescent; petioles 1.2-2.8 cm. long;
rachis 0.3-1 cm. long; petiolules 0.2-0.4 cm. long; the mucronate,
subcoriaceous leaflets puberulent, dark green above, paler and
densely hirsute with prominent venation beneath, the elliptic-
ovate to oblong terminal leaflet 2.5-7.3 cm. long, 0.6-4.6 cm. broad,
the oblong-ovate lateral leaflets 2-6 cm. long, 2.7 cm. broad; stipules
with subclasping base, 0.6-1.2 cm. long; stipels 0.4-0.8 cm. long;
inflorescence with fulvous pubescence throughout, its simple raceme
terminal and subdense; the finely angled rachis uncinate-hispidulous;
primary bracts up to 1 cm. long; secondary bracts not always present;
pedicels sparsely pubescent, 0.6-1.4 cm. long; flowers large, up to 1.3
cm. long, calyx long-pilose, tube ca. 2 mm. long, central tooth of
lower lobe 3-5 mm. long, lateral teeth 3^4 mm. long, upper lobe
bifid, 3 mm. long; corolla blue, standard up to 1.4 cm. long, wings
up to 1.35 cm. long, keel-petals equaling wings; loment stipitate,
4-7-articulate, stipe 3-5 mm. long, articles uncinate-hispidulous
with lower suture subrhombic and more deeply constricted than the
upper, up to 7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad.
Open or wooded hillsides. Cuzco: Prov. Quispicanchi, Marcapata
Valley near Chilechile, Weberbauer 7859 (atypical). Machu-picchu,
2,400 meters, Vargas 801+; Herrera 1984- Urubamba, junto al
camino, 2,000-2,500 meters, Vargas 1866. Ayacucho: Pampalca,
3,200 meters, Kittip &
Smith 22265. Ccarrapa, 1,500 meters,
Killip &Smith 22415. Apurimac: Prov. Abancay, 2,400 meters,
Vargas 769 (type in Gray Herb.). Below Yanama, Ccollpa Valley,
Bingham 2064- Endemic.
Desmodium Weberbaueri (Schindl.) Macbr. in Field Mus.

Bot. 8: 102. 1930. Meibomia Weberbaueri Schindl. in Repert. Sp.
Nov. 22: 275. 1926.
Herbaceous (to frutescent?), pubescence fulvous throughout;
stem striate, patent-pilose with soft hairs; petioles 2-5.5 cm. long;
rachis 1-2 cm. long; petiolules 3-4 mm. long; stipules ca. 1.3 cm.
long; stipels 3.5-8 mm. long; leaflets ovate, mucronate, obtuse at

apex, obtuse to rhombic at base, upper surface yellow-green, moder-
ately appressed-pilose with fine long (1 mm.) but inconspicuous
trichomes, lower surface paler, more densely appressed-pilose,
particularly on midrib and veins, terminal leaflets 9-11 cm. long,
4-5.5 cm. wide, lateral leaflets 6-9 cm. long; inflorescence simple,
racemose, rachis sparsely pilose and uncinulate-puberulent, pubes-
cence more slender than on other parts of plant; primary bracts
early deciduous, ca. 1.3 cm. long and 0.3 cm. wide; secondary bracts
up to ca. 0.6 cm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; pedicels puberulent, 12-13
mm. long; calyx moderately hirsute on teeth, margins ciliate, tube
ca. 2.5 mm. long, teeth ovate, acuminate, central tooth of lower
lobe 3.5 mm. long, excluding tube, lateral lobes 3 mm. long, upper
lobe bifid, 3.5 mm. long; standard suborbicular, slightly clawed,
1.1 cm. long, 7.5 mm. wide, wings 1.05 cm. long, obtuse, short-
clawed, keel-petals ca. 1 cm. long; loment 5-7-articulate, articles
suborbicular, densely uncinate-pubescent when young, ca. 4 mm.
long and wide (immature). F.M. Neg. 20901.
Cuzco: "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,300-2,600 meters,
Pennell 13954, 14020. Peru (and Ecuador according to Schindler).
Desmodium Wydlerianum Urb. Symb. Ant. 2: 302. 1900;

Schubert in Contr. Gray Herb. 129: 21. pi. 2, figs. 1-7. 1940. Mei-
bomia Wydleriana Britton, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Isl. 5:
403. 1924.
Shrubby, stem prostrate to ascending, rooting at nodes, striate,

uncinulate-puberulent; petioles 4-5 mm. long, rachis 1-1.3 cm. long;
petiolules ca. 1 mm. long; stipules up to ca. 5.5 cm. long, early
deciduous, none seen on Peruvian specimens; stipels subulate,
extremely short; leaflets ovate, acuminate, mucronate, very pale
and appressed-pubescent beneath, darker and moderately so above,
mostly truncate at base and with undulate margins, terminal leaflets
4.5-9 cm. long, 4-5.5 cm. wide, lateral leaflets 3.5-7 cm. long, 2.5-4
cm. wide; inflorescence axillary, racemose, rachis striate and puberu-
lent; primary bracts ca. 1.5 mm. long; secondary bracts smaller, 2
subtending each pedicel, all quite early deciduous; pedicels slender,
striate, uncinulate-puberulent, up to ca. 2 cm. long; calyx with
central tooth of lower lobe 3.5 mm. long, lateral teeth 3 mm. long,
upper bifid lobe 3 mm. long, corolla with standard 4.5 mm. long,
4 mm. wide, the suboblong wings 4.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, keel-
petals 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; loment stipitate, usually 2-artic-
FLORA OF PERU 439
ulate, stipe ca. 2 mm. long, articles uncinate-pubescent with the

dorsal suture slightly invaginated and the ventral suture rounded,
8-10 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide.
San Martin: Prope Tarapoto, Spruce 4212. Costa Rica; His-
paniola; Puerto Rico; Lesser Antilles; Venezuela.
61. AMICIA HBK.

Reference: Burkart, in Darwiniana 3: 170-175. 1939.
More or less villous-stemmed, sometimes somewhat glandular,
slender shrubs often with sprawling or divaricate branches, the
abruptly pinnate leaves usually with 2 pairs of obovate or obcordate,
estipellate leaflets. Calyx deeply lobed, the 2 upper lobes as long
as or longer than the campanulate tube, the lateral small, the lowest
narrow and shorter than the upper. Banner clawed, emarginate,
erect-spreading. Stamens 10, all connate in a sheath cleft on the
upper side, the uniform anthers in 2 rows. Pods laterally compressed

with 2-several indehiscent segments.
Besides the following, there are three closely related species, A.
micrantha Harms, A. medicaginea Griseb., A. fimbriata Harms, in
Bolivia that may be expected in the mountains of southern Peru;
they are all characterized by their small flowers, 5-15 mm. long,
those of A. micrantha subsessile, the racemes thus glomerulate,
those of the other species well pedicellate; A. medicaginea has the
leaflets definitely emarginate, in A. fimbriata they are rounded at
the apex.
Flowers yellowish, 2-3 cm. long A. glandulosa.

Flowers greenish-red or purplish, 4-5 cm. long A. Lobbiana.
Amicia glandulosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 512. pi. 600. 1824.
Stems flexuous or semi-scandent, typically sparsely retrorsely
becoming glabrate; leaflets subrotund, retuse, mostly
strigillose
about 2 cm. broad, slightly longer, glabrous except the pilose mid-
nerve beneath; peduncles axillary, solitary, several-flowered, the
filiform pedicels conspicuously bracted, the bracts orbicular to
6 mm. broad; calyces about 8 mm. long, glabrous, the teeth very
unequal, the 2 upper ovate-orbiculate; flowers glabrous; pods
oblong-linear, falcate, glabrous but glandular-dotted with about
5 segments. Weberbauer 6406, without locality in Field Museum,
varies in its densely rusty villous peduncles, petioles and upper
stems, and the trichomes mostly spreading; it may become var.
villosa Macbr., var. nov., caulibus petiolis pedunculisque dense

cum pilis fulvis patentibus villosis. F.M. Neg. 2141.
Piura: Cuesta de Frias, Raimondi. Cajamarca: Montanas de
Nanchoc, Raimondi. Lambayeque: Above Olmos, 1,800 meters,
Weberbauer 7108 (det. Harms); 6406. Ecuador; Colombia.
Amicia Lobbiana Benth. ex Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 3, no.

3:20. 1893.
Similar in habit and foliage to the preceding, but pubescent like
the variety, and the leaflets more obcordate, more deeply retuse;
bracts mostly unequally reniform; flowers oblong-falcate, appressed
pilose, the broad, lateral calyx lobes about half as long as the
purplish corolla.
Huanuco: Above Panao, slender-stemmed shrub of sunny
stream thicket, 2 meters high, #577. Mufia, Raimondi. Junin: Rio
Masamerich (Rio Pangoa), 2,400 meters, Weberbauer 6670; 246.
Carpapata, Killip & Smith 24452. Cuzco: Pillahuata, open grassy
slope, 2,400 meters, Pennell 14029. Near Achirani, Prov. Pau-
cartambo, 2,700 meters, Vargas 11159. Puno: Limbani, Prov.
Sandia, among rocks, 3,250 meters, Vargas 9656; 1296; Weberbauer
559 (det. Harms); 238. Bolivia.
62. AESCHYNOMENE L.
Erect prostrate or diffuse herbs or shrubs with pinnate leaves,

the leaves sometimes without a terminal leaflet, the leaflets many.
Stipules often conspicuous. Flowers commonly yellow often purple-
racemes. Bracts ordinarily stipule-like,
striate, usually in axillary
the bracteoles appressed, the lobes of the latter often more or less
connate into two lips. Banner suborbicular, shortly clawed. Sta-
mens 10, united, the sheath cleft on one or both sides. Pod stiped
with 2-many usually indehiscent square or semicircular segments.
The leaves, at least of many species, collapse when irritated. In
compiling this synopsis, I have drawn largely on Bentham in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: 56-70. 1859, and Burkart, Darwiniana 3: 144-
158. 1939. Soemmeringia semperflorens Mart., 70, of muddy shores
in Brazil, is a low herb strikingly distinguished by the scarious
reticulate veiny banner which conspicuously overlaps the other
petals.
Stipules prolonged at base; stamineal tube biparted.

Pods black at maturity, usually smooth; plants glabrous or
glandular scabrous A. sensitiva.
FLORA OF PERU 441
Pods brown, pubescent or at maturity verruculose; plants often

more or less hispid A. indica.
Stipules not extended at base.
Low diffuse plants; stamineal tube parted only on one side.
Stipes of pods shorter than or little exceeding calyx.

Racemes longer than the leaves A. biflora.
Racemes crowded, short A. hystrix.
Stipes of pods well exserted from the calyx A. falcata.
Shrubs, often erect; stamineal tube usually biparted.

Ovules 2-4, the pods with as many segments.
Pods mostly with 3-4 segments, pilose; leaves and branchlets
with spreading pubescence A. Weberbaueri.
Pods with 2-3 segments; pubescence at least of leaves sub-
appressed.
Pubescence of peduncles closely appressed; pods puberu-
lent A. scoparia.
Pubescence of peduncles spreading; pods glabrous.
A. platycarpa.
Ovules several, the pods usually with several segments.
A. mollicula.
Aeschynomene biflora (Mill.) Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 4,

pt. 2: 27. 1920. Cassia biflora Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8. 1768. Hedysa-
rum brasilianum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6: 448. 1804. A. brasiliana
(Poir.) DC. Prodr. 2: 322. 1825.
Branching, shrubby or semiherbaceous, viscid, hirsute, the tri-

chomes widely spreading; stipules ovate, acuminate, 3-4 mm. long;
leaves 2-3 cm. long with 5-8 pairs of broadly elliptic or somewhat
obovate thin leaflets, rounded or minutely mucronulate, glabrous
above, sparsely appressed pubescent, reticulate- veined beneath;
racemes 3 cm. long or longer, the flowers about 5 mm. long on
spreading pedicels as long; calyx 5- toothed, the 2 upper teeth obtuse,
the 3 unequal lower somewhat acute; pod reflexed, the lower suture
deeply crenate with 2-3 roundish lightly pubescent segments.
F.M. Neg. 6959.
Junin: Sandy trail border, La Merced, 5483. Cuzco: In Patio de
Illapani, Bues (det. Standl.). South America to Central America
and the West Indies.
Aeschynomene falcata (Poir.) DC. Prodr. 2: 322. 1825.

Hedysarum falcatum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6: 448. 1804.
Prostrate or diffuse, similar to A.biflora, but more closely pubes-

cent, viscid; leaflets 6-10 mm. long, sometimes densely pubescent;
pods often falcate with as many as 8 puberulent segments, the fili-
form stipe 4-12 mm. long. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1:
pi U.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 486. Patagonia to Mexico.
Aeschynomene hystrix Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 77.

1816.
Diffuse annual or perennial with the general character of A.
falcata,but with 8-15 pairs of oblong leaflets and crowded racemes,
these shorter than the leaves; stipules lanceolate, subulate-acumi-
nate; pedicels 4-6 mm. long; pod commonly glabrous with only 2
segments, scarcely 3 mm. long, the stipes slightly shorter than the
calyx. Illustrated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. I. pi. 15.
San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5846. Warm South America

to Central America.
Aeschynomene indica L. Sp. PL 1061. 1753.
Slender-stemmed, often becoming more or less woody below,

glabrous except above where minutely and sparsely spiculate-
glandular and slightly pilose; leaves with 15-20 (50) linear, oblong
or oblong-elliptic obtuse 1-nerved leaflets 4-7 mm. long, 1-2 mm.
broad; flowers few, glabrous, 5-6 mm. long; stipe of pod well-
exserted; pod straight or nearly, lightly crenate on the lower
suture, with 6-10 segments, 4-5 mm. broad, these subquadrate, at
first smooth, but at maturity, especially medially, verrucosely rough-
ened. A. rudis Benth. PL Hartw. 116. 1843 (A. hispida HBK. Nov.
Gen. & Sp. 6: 531. 1824) and A. virginica (L.) BSP. Cat. N. Y. PL
13. 1888 (A. hispida Willd.) seem to be races or varieties; the former
has pods more or less pubescent, 3.5 mm. wide, the stipe 7-10 mm.
long; the latter has hirsute stems, larger flowers, the hispid pods
4.5-6 mm. broad on stipe 3-5 mm. long. The widely distributed A.
americana L. Sp. PL 713. 1753, apparently not yet recorded from
Peru, may be recognized by its narrow falcate leaflets that are
usually 3-nerved, the midnerve marginal, and by the suborbicular
pod-segments.
Piura: Nigritos, H
aught F.I 63. Lima: Near Lima, (Cuming
1088, det. Benth. as A. rudis}. Warm areas.
FLORA OF PERU 443
Aeschynomene mollicula HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 532. 1824.

Branches elongate, yellowish sericeous; stipules lanceolate-subu-
late,8-10 mm. long; leaves lightly appressed pilose both sides, with
18-20 pairs of oblong-linear leaflets, their bases somewhat cordate,
mucronate, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad; flowers yellow, glabrous, 2 or
3 in the axils on pilose pedicels 6 mm. long; calyx teeth acuminate,
the longer lower lanceolate-subulate twice exceeding the upper;
stamineal tube biparted; stipe of pod slightly exceeding the pilose
calyx; pod segments nearly distinct, hirsutulous, semicircular, 5 mm.
broad, usually several
(1-6). A
glabrous plant, the
specimen
seen meager, is apparently allied and perhaps distinct specifically,
but may be recorded here only as variety egena Macbr., var. nov.,
ubique glabratis. The racemes are better developed than in the
type; the pods are immature.F.M. Neg. 2241.
Cajamarca: Between Paramo de Yamoca and Colasey, Prov.
Jae*n, Bonpland, type. Between Tabacoas and Maranon rivers,
Weberbauer 6176 (type, var. egena).
Aeschynomene platycarpa Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt.

1: 63. 1859. A. tumbezensis Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 101. 1930.
Allied and similar to A. scoparia, but long-pubescent, the branches
glabrate; leaves minutely pilose or glabrous above, the peduncles and
pedicels hirsutulous, the trichomes spreading; leaflets linear-oblong
to oblong-elliptic, in the Peruvian form often 15 mm. long, a third
as broad; banner lightly pilose or glabrate, scarcely 1 cm. long,
stamineal tube biparted or only anteriorly; keel rostrate; calyx
about 4 mm. long, the upper teeth shorter or subequaling the tube;
pod long-stipitate, the 2-3 nearly separate segments finally nearly
7 mm. broad. It is possible that more than one entity is concerned
here, but from the material at hand the species seems to be variable
in character of calyx and probably in pubescence as suggested by
Benth., I.e.; in the latter case A. scoparia should be broadened to
include the following collections. F.M. Neg. 2153.
Tumbez: Hacienda Chicama, deciduous bush wood, Weberbauer
7669 (type, A. tumbezensis). Between Corritos and Tumbez, Weber-
bauer 7746. Piura: Cana Dulce watercourse, Haught 177; F.87.
Colombia; Brazil.
Aeschynomene scoparia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 531. 1824.

A. puberula DC. Prodr. 2: 321. 1825(7).
Diffuse shrub with strict elongate, angulate ashy silky-pilose

branches (especially above), peduncles and calyces; leaves shortly
petioled with 10-14 pairs of oblong mucronulate rounded or minutely
cordate at base 1-nerved leaflets more or less appressed pilose both
sides, mostly 4 mm. long; stipules lanceolate-subulate, rigid, 6 mm.
long; peduncles axillary, geminate, few-flowered, to 2.5 cm. long, the
yellow flowers about 6 mm. long on filiform pedicels as long; bracts
ovate, acute, striate-nerved, deciduous; calyx campanulate, mem-
branous, reticulate-nervose, the teeth obtuse, the upper two broader
than the concave lower; keel obtuse; petals clawed; stamineal tube
parted on one side; pod shortly stiped, crenately lobed on the lower
suture, with 3 membranous puberulent segments, these semiorbic-
ular. The author questioned the reference of the plant to this
genus. Weberbauer 5910 is sparsely glandular-hispidulous; cf. A.
platycarpa. F.M. Negs. 2643; 6960 (A. puberula).
Piura: Huancabamba, Bonpland, type. Shumaya, 1,700 meters,
Weberbauer 6276. Apurimac: Near Abancay, 2,400 meters, Vargas
1+58; Weberbauer 5910. Lima: Santa Eulalia Valley, Goodspeed
11478 (det. Johnst.).
Aeschynomene sensitiva Sw. Prodr. 107. 1788.

Glabrous (or herb, or somewhat
sparsely pubescent above)
lignescent, 1-3 (5) meters high; stipules
membranous, early decidu-
ous, to 10 mm. long; leaves to 8 cm. long, with numerous pairs of
linear-oblong rounded or obtuse and mucronate glabrous leaflets,
mostly 5-8 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide; racemes 3-4-flowered, the
shortly pediceled flowers 7 mm. long; calyx bilabiate, 3 mm. long,
the rounded lips subentire; pod straight or nearly, lightly sinuate,
the stipe exserted from the calyx, the subquadrate segments 4-5
mm. broad, glabrous or nearly.
Piura: Parinas Valley, Haught F.62; 158. Loreto: Near Iquitos,
Williams 1398; 7961; Klug 329. Warm America and tropical
Africa.
Aeschynomene Weberbaueri Ulbr. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 554. 1906.

Branches especially toward the tips densely pubescent, with short
more or less spreading, ashy trichomes and long stiffer yellowish ones
intermixed; stipules about 10 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad at the unap-
pendaged base; leaves 2-3 cm. long, pilose-hirsutulous with 12-15
pairs of crowded oblong linear sessile leaflets 4-7 mm. long, 1-1.5
mm. broad, the stiffer marginal trichomes somewhat glandular;
FLORA OF PERU 445
racemes 3-5 cm. long, with about 5 orange-brown flowers, these

10-12 mm. long on somewhat shorter pedicels; calyx pilose, 4-5
mm. long, bilabiate, the lobes fimbriate, the upper 2.5 mm. long,
the lower lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long; keel narrowed to tip; stamineal
tube biparted; pod long-stipitate, appressed pilose, the 3-4 semi-
orbicular segments 4 mm. broad. F.M. Neg. 2156.
Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, grass steppes with scattered
shrubs, 2,000 meters, Weberbauer 4274; 190. Ecuador.
63. RAIMONDIANTHUS Harms

Probably sprawling, with imparipinnate leaves exceeded by the
axillary and terminal sparsely branched panicles of rather conspic-
uous flowers. Calyx obliquely cupulate-infundibuliform, nearly
straight, attenuate at base, shortly toothed, the upper teeth little
connate. Petals subequal, the banner broadly obovate, nearly
truncate at the short claw; keel petals slightly curved. Stamens 10,
the tube sometimes cleft both sides, the vexillar stamen connate
medially with the others. Ovary velutinous, the ovules 6-8; style
glabrous above, the stigma minute. Pods sessile, oblong, acute
both ends, straight or nearly, plane, chartaceous, with numerous
obliquely longitudinal veins that form a reticulation as they converge
toward the middle; seeds 6 in one row, the tissue on each side attenu-
ated. Allied by the author to Isodesmia Gardner of Brazil with
linear pods of different character. The pods are not mature; held
against light they seem to be nearly wing-margined on each side of
the row of seeds.
Genus dedicated to Antonio Raimondi, great naturalist of Peru,
professor at the University of Lima; cf. Weberbauer, 13-14.
Raimondianthus platycarpus Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart.

Berlin 10: 387. 1928.
Upper stems, rachis of the leaves, leaflets beneath and panicles

even to the calyces more or less densely rusty villous or finely pilose;
leaflets opposite, 5-7, shortly petiolulate, oblong-elliptic or slightly
ovate, rounded at base, obtuse to acute, 1.5-6 cm. long, 1-3.5 cm.
wide; stipules lanceolate; panicles open; bracts deltoid, 2-2.5 mm.
long; pedicels slender, 7-13 mm. long, the geminate bractlets
deciduous; calyx 7-8 mm. long, the teeth about 1.5 mm. long;
banner pubescent without, about 22 mm. long, 13 mm. wide, the
other petals about 16 mm. long, 5 mm. wide; pods puberulent or
glabrate, 7-7.5 cm. long, nearly 2 cm. wide. Type collected in

Sept., 1878. F.M. Neg. 2138.
Cajamarca: Tambillo, Prov. Cutervo, Raimondi 3514 and three
other sheets, type; Jelski 216.
64. CHAETOCALYX DC.

Climbing herbs with imparipinnate leaves, the estipellate leaf-
lets often few,the stipules lanceolate or linear, the axillary inflores-
cence of yellow flowers sometimes reduced, in any case shorter than
the leaves. Calyx divisions subequal or the upper two approximate,
the calyx pubescence in part rather rigid and tubercled at base.
Banner broad, emarginate, the wings oblong, the scarcely shorter
keel obtuse. Stamens connate or the vexillar finally free, the anthers
uniform. Pod linear, subterete or piano-compressed, scarcely
constricted between the seeds, the linear, oblong or quadrate seg-
ments longitudinally costate or striate.
Besides the following, C. latisiliqua (Desv.) Macbr., comb,
nov., Planarium latisiliquum Desv. Ann. Sci. Nat. se"r. 1. 9: 416.
1826, may occur, having been found as near as Ecuador where known
as chupa-chupa, and was attributed to Peru by Bentham & Hooker;
it isesetulose with oblong pods, the quadrate segments 1 cm. broad,
half as long. This species was described and illustrated by Bentham,
Bot. Voy. Sulphur 81. pi. 30, as Planarium and the Index Kewensis
erred in accrediting the above transfer to him; since the Index
should properly be regarded purely as bibliographical work, the
perpetuation of its errors will result in confusion or serve no useful
purpose.
Leaflets usually 7-10; pods esetulose, the calyx tuberculate-setose.
C. brasiliensis.
Leaflets 5; calyx as well as pods merely puberulent C. Weberbaueri.
.
Chaetocalyx brasiliensis (Vog.) Benth. ex Mart. Fl. Bras.

15, pt. 1: 75. pi. 18. 1859. Rhadinocarpus brasiliensis Vog. Linnaea
12: 110. 1838.
Glabrous or nearly except for the scattered setae on the slender

stems and calyx or sometimes also lightly strigillose-pilose; leaflets
oblong-elliptic or oboval, broadly rounded or truncate and minutely
mucronulate, commonly about 2 cm. long, 1.5 cm. broad; pedicels
to 1.5 cm. long; calyx 1 cm. long, oblong-cylindric the flowers
;
about twice as long; pods linear, straight or somewhat curved, to

FLORA OF PERU 447
10 (15) cm. long, the oblong, linear segments as many as 12-14.

C. hebecarpum Benth., I.e. 76, seems to be very near but is perhaps
more densely setulose, the leaflets apparently at least usually only 5..
Coronilla scandens Veil., if an earlier name as suggested by Bentham,
is preoccupied in the genus.
San Martin: In clearing, Juanjui, Klug 4361 (det. Standl.).
Junin: Rio Pinedo, Killip &
Smith 23581. Loreto: Iquitos, Killip
& Smith 27336. Without locality, Ruiz &
Pavdn (det. Harms).
Rio Acre: Ule 9452 (det. Harms). To Patagonia.
Chaetocalyx Weberbaueri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 132.

1921.
Stems moderately stout and conspicuously but rather weakly
setose as well as minutely puberulent; leaflets oblong or obovate-
oblong, glabrous or nearly, 3-7 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. broad; bracts
of the few-flowered racemes ovate, lanceolate, puberulent, 4-5 mm.
long, the slender puberulent pedicels 6-12 mm. long; calyx broadly
and obliquely cupulate, puberulent, 7-9 mm. long, the corolla 2.5
cm. long; young, linear pod pubescent. Seems to be amply distinct
from C. brasiliensis et rel. in its shorter campanulate calyx. F.M.
Neg. 2137.
Piura: Palambla, in evergreen shrubs, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer
6020.
65. FIEBRIGIELLA Harms

Comparable to Chaetocalyx with which it could be united, but
the racemes long-peduncled, far exceeding the leaves, and the fruit
with only 1-4 segments, the lower suture indented. Harms allied
the genus to Aeschynomene, having found the stamen-sheath parted
on both sides, but according to Burkart, Darwiniana 3 167. 1939, the :
stamens are monadelphous, the tube cleft above as in Chaetocalyx.

The latter author perhaps inadvertently has written "Fiebrigella."
Fiebrigiella gracilis Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 95. 1909.

Prostrate or laxly ascending more or less hirsute-pilose herb;
leaflets 2-3 pairs, oblong, obovate, obtuse to acute at base as at
apex where obscurely mucronulate, membranous, glabrous above,

lightly silky hirsute beneath, 1-3 cm. long, 5-15 mm. broad; pedun-
cles 1-2 dm. long, the slender pedicels 5-10 mm. long; calyx cupulate,
hirsute-pilose, about 6 mm. long, the teeth lanceolate, the upper

connate, bifid; flowers 11-12 mm. long, orange marked with dark
violet;pods subsessile, undulate-crenate, oblong-linear, the 2-4

segments obliquely oblong or somewhat trapeziform. F.M. Neg.
1222.
Piura: Ayavaca, Weberbauer 6375. Bolivia.
66. NISSOLIA Jacq.
Slender, twining and somewhat suffrutescent plant with impari-

pinnate leaves, the leaflets few, estipellate, the stipules setaceous.
Flowers yellow, sometimes partly violet, reddish in age, borne in
axillary clusters, racemes or thyrsoid at the tips of the branches.
Bracts subulate, bractlets none. Calyx truncate with subequal
setaceous teeth. Banner reflexing with short claw; keel obtuse.
Stamen except the vexillar, connate in a closed sheath, the anthers
subreniform. Ovary subsessile, few-ovuled, the filiform style with
terminal stigma. Pod indehiscent, the ultimate of the 1 or 2 seg-
ments expanded into an obliquely obovate wing.
Nissolia fruticosa Jacq. Icon. Rar. 198. pi. 179. 1763.

Leaflets 5, ovate, usually obtuse but mucronulate, mostly 3 cm.
long, more or less softly pubescent beneath; inflorescence various,
the pedicels filiform, to 8 mm. long; calyx 2-3 mm. long, the teeth
more or developed; flowers 6-8 mm. long; pod segments oblong,
less
scarcely distinct, the wing to 2.5 cm. long, 15 mm. broad. Illus-
trated, Mart. Fl. Bras. 15, pt. 1: pi. 19.

Piura: Rio Quiroz, Raimondi. San Martin: Juanjui, Klug 4320.
Junin: Rio Mantara, 2,300 meters, Weberbauer 6555. La Merced,
sandy valley, 5434. Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 3114 (det. Standl.).
Cuzco: Prov. Convention, 900 meters, Stork, Horton & Vargas
10480. South to Patagonia, north to Central America.
67. TRIFOLIUM L.
Cespitose or diffuse herbs, the leaves usually palmately 3-folio-

late, the flowers capitate. Calyx and corolla persistent, the lobes
of the former bristle-tipped, the petals of the latter united with the
stamens, the uppermost of these free, the rest united into a sheath.
Pod membranous, ordinarily included in the calyx, indehiscent.
Rarely a leaf, notably in T. repens, bears 4 leaflets, the finding of
which in many parts of the world is regarded as a sign of good luck.
T. depauperatum Desv. of Chile was listed in Pflanzenfamilien as
occurring in Peru, but probably this was an error; the heads are
FLORA OF PERU 449
minutely involucrate. The species known in Peru are all without

involucre. Besides the following, T. filiforme L. var. dubium (Sibth.)
Fiori, an annual with yellow flowers borne tightly in small heads,
and the perennial T. pratense L., the red clover, flowers rarely white,
not deflexed in fruit, may occur as adventive or as an escape from
cultivation.
Flower heads subsessile T. peruvianum.

Flower heads well-peduncled.
Cespitosely tufted, the stems diffuse or even prostrate but not
rooting; flowers pink to red.
Calyx teeth subequal; leaflets often shorter than 1.5 cm.; native
species T. amabile.
Calyx teeth unequal; leaflets often 2-3 cm. long; introduced.

T. hybridum.
Creeping plants, the stems rooting at the nodes; flowers often

white.
Flowers white; calyx teeth not equaling the tube. .T. repens. . .
Flowers roseate; calyx teeth longer than the tube T. continuum.

. .
Trifolium amabile HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 503. pi. 593. 1824.
Cespitose, diffuse, procumbent, more or less villous with long

trichomes especially above, including petioles, peduncles and calyces;
petioles 10-14 mm. long; leaflets broadly obovate, apically rounded
and minutely mucronate, denticulate, flabellately veined, membra-
nous, glabrous; stipules adnate, 4-5 mm. long, acuminate mucronate;
umbels equaling or exceeding the leaves, 8-14-flowered; flowers typi-
cally 5-6 mm. long; pedicels 2 mm. long, the subulate bracts longer
or shorter; calyx 10-nerved, the acuminate subulate teeth longer
than the tube, subequal; corolla glabrous, the obovate sessile banner
scarcely twice longer than the calyx teeth; ovary subsessile, glabrous,
with 2 ovules; pod obliquely rotund-elliptic, subrugulose, glabrous,
except for the obscurely pilose mucronate tip, 1-2-seeded, the seeds
subrotund, glabrous, opaque. Description after HBK.; the type
Mexican.
T. Matthewsii Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 1: 398. 1854, as to
type, is laxly hirsute, but the retuse coarsely serrate leaflets in age
glabrate or even glabrous above, stipules 8-10 mm. long, pedicels
3 mm. long, flowers 8-10 mm. long, the calyx sparsely villous; pod
sparingly and minutely pubescent, 3-seeded. T. macrorrhizum Ulbr.,
Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 2. 1906, is based on an old plant with long root,
stout caudex; flowers 7-8 mm. long, calyx teeth well exceeding tube,
often glabrous; pod glabrous, 4-seeded. It seems to me that these
plants represent forms better included as varieties of T. amabile;
otherwise the latter must be restricted to Mexico and further forms
designated as species. The plants from central Peru are mostly T.
Matthewsii; those from the southern part of the country are more
nearly typical.
When fasting, the Indians eat it mixed with a little white maize
and a few herbs as "chucam" (Garcilazo). F.M. Neg. 2023 (T.
macrorrhizum).
Piura: Bajada de Huancabamba, Raimondi. Cajamarca: Cu-
tero, Chorillos and Nanchoc, (Raimondi). Ancash: Pampa-Romas,
3,100 meters, Weberbauer 3213 (type T. macrorrhizum); 170.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Mathews fide Gray). Lima: Rio Blanco,
in firm sandy soil, flowers red, 821; Killip & Smith 21635. Matu-
cana, 354; 438; (Weberbauer, 169). Open rocky slopes, petals pale
rosolane purple, 2,700 meters, above Obrajillo, Pennell 14375;
Wilkes Exped. (type, T. Matthewsii). Huanuco: Mito, shrubby
slope, flowers light pink, 1440. Chinche, 1268. Junin: La Quinua,
steep grassy slope, 3,500 meters, 2029 (matches type, T. Matthewsii).
Huancavelica: Near Pampas, in gravelly, poor soil, 3,250 meters,
Stork & Horton 10232 (T. amabile). Apurimac: Ampay, 3,400
meters, Vargas 767. Paracuramba Pass, 4,000 meters, West 375
(det. Johnst.). Arequipa: Cachendo, 1,100 meters, (Gunther &
Buchtien 275a, det. Bruns). Atiquipa, Raimondi. Cuzco: Valle
del Apurimac, H
err era 2399. Valle del Paucartambo, (Hen era
329). Puno: Near Puno, Soukup 531 ; Weberbauer, 186. Patagonia
to Mexico. "Chicmu" (Vargas), "chijmu," "layu," "chchucan"
(Herrera), "chucam."
Trifolium concinnum Philippi, Fl. Atac. 14. 1860.

Stems creeping, subvillous; petioles 5-10 cm. long, the obcordate
serrulate leaflets 10-18 mm. long; stipules scarious; peduncles some-
what shorter than or little exceeding the leaves, villous; flowers
purple, to 12 mm. long, about 18 in each umbel; pedicels nearly 3
mm. long, the herbaceous subulate bracts scarcely as long; calyx
teeth 3-nerved, lanceolate, aristate, nearly equaling the tube; pods
with 4-6 seeds. As Johnston remarks, Contr. Gray Herb. 85: 50.
1920, the species belongs to a group of closely allied forms and the
Peruvian plants may be no more than a variety of T. megalanthum
Steud. typically with larger flowers, more deeply lobed calyx, but
FLORA OF PERU 451
according to him it has a "detached natural range." His specimens

bear cleistogamic flowers at the root-bearing nodes of the creeping
stems. It has been reported from Mollendo as T. polymorphum Poir.
and T. grandiflorum H. <STA. The former is much more villous, the
pod only 1-seeded, while the latter is probably a synonym of T.
megalanthum. F.M. Neg. 2019.
Arequipa: Mollendo, creeping on grassy upper slopes, Johnston
3571 (det. Johnst.; Weberbauer, 146). Posco, 650 meters, (Gunther
& Buchtien 275, det. Bruns, T. grandiflorum). Ravine north of
Atiquipa, Worth & Morrison 15658 (det. Johnst., T. megalanthum).
Chile.
Trifolium hybridum L. Sp. PI. 766. 1753.

Stems erect or decumbent at base, usually 2-several dm. high;
leaves long-petioled, the obovate more or less retuse leaflets 1-3 cm.
long with numerous parallel nerves; peduncles elongate, the umbels
about 12-flowered, the flowers white to rose-colored, 7-8 mm. long;
calyx 5-nerved, pale, the pedicels usually as long; pods 2-4-seeded,
the oval seeds reddish.
Lima: San Buenaventura, rocky thicket, petals pale and amparo
purple, Pennell 14564(t) (specimen seen meager). Introduced from
Europe.
Trifolium peruvianum Vog. in Meyen, Obs. Bot. 12. 1843.
Trifolium Weberbaueri Ulbr. Repert. Nov. Sp. 2: 2. 1906.

Stems several-many, procumbent from a woody caudex; stipules
broad, scarious-membranous, the free apex acuminate; petioles 12-
18 mm. long, pilose as the leaflets especially on the midnerve, these
obovate, serrulate; heads subsessile, the peduncles rarely 1 cm. long,
many-flowered, the greenish- white or pale pink corollas 5 mm. long
or shorter, on pedicels 1-1.5 mm. long; calyx somewhat pilose, the
subequal subulate acuminate teeth scarcely equaling the tube; pod
membranous, glabrous, with 2-3 seeds. Description after Vogel.
Often densely tufted, the subsessile flower heads concealed in the
abundant leaves, or the stems when more developed rarely attaining
2 dm. T. chiclense Ball, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 22: 35. 1885, is accord-
ing to description referable here except that the heads are only 4-8-
flowered; it may become var. chiclense (Ball) Macbr., comb. nov.
F.M. Negs. 2025; 2029 (T. Weberbaueri).
Cajamarca: Above Hualgayoc, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 3965;
271. Lima: Rio Blanco, stony grassy slopes, 2996; 749. Chicla,
Banos, WilkesExped. Junin: La Quinua,

(Ball, type, T. chiclense).
2024 (var. Cuzco: Open rocky slopes, flowers white,
chiclense).
3,500 meters, Pennell 13596. Pucara, 3,700 meters, Weberbauer 404.
(type, T. Weberbaueri); 185. Near Cuzco, (Herrera 200). Puno:
Orurillo, Soukup 552. Chuquibambilla, thin soil over limestone on
puna, flowers white, 3,900 meters, Pennell 13393; 13355. Lake
Titicaca, Meyen, type. "Chicmu," "layo."
Trifolium repens L. Sp. PI. 767. 1753.
Glabrous, the roundish-obovate denticulate leaflets usually 1-1.5

cm. long, exceeded by the slender peduncle that bears many shortly
pediceled, finally deflexed, typically white flowers, these ordinarily
8 mm. long; calyx teeth slender, shorter than the tube; pods with 4-6
seeds. The white clover of cultivation.
Junin: Rio Blanco, on flat by river trail, 728. Cuzco: Near
Cuzco, Vargas 655. Introduced from Europe. "Trebol."
68. MEDICAGO [Tourn.] L.
Similar to Melilotus, but the flowers often in heads or the ra-

cemes short and spike-like, the 1-few-seeded pods curved or spirally
falcate, sometimes spinescent.
Medicago hispida Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 349. 1791. M. denticulata

Willd. Sp. PI. 3, pt. 2: 1414. 1803.
Low prostrate or ascending glabrate annual with obovate more
or less denticulate leaflets and peduncles bearing 1-5 (8) small yellow
flowers, or 1-3 subsessile laxly coiled tuberculate or usually conspic-
uously spinose pods about 5 mm. broad. M. denticulata Willd.
has been treated as a var. by Urban, the pods with spines about as
long as the width of a spiral; there are numerous other named vari-
ations of doubtful taxonomic import, as var. confinis (Koch) Asch.
& Graebn., the pod espinose. M. truncatula Gaertn. is to be expected
and may be known by the more rigidly and more sparsely spinose
pods.
Ancash: Pomabamba, Raimondi. Cajamarca: Chota, Cutervo,
Raimondi. Lima: Rio Blanco, 3,000 meters, Killip & Smith 21586.
Matucana, 77. Huanuco: Mito, 1739. Near Huanuco, Stork &
Norton 9378. Ayacucho: Huanta, Raimondi. Arequipa: Atiquipa,
Raimondi. Introduced from Europe. "Trebol."
FLORA OF PERU 453
Medicago lupulina L. Sp. PL 779. 1753.
Decumbent, lightly pilose with broadly obovate minutely ser-

rulate leaflets, serrate stipules and small yellow flowers crowded in
well-ped uncled racemes about 1 cm. long; pods curved, reticulate,
appressed pilose, espinulose.
Lima: Rio Blanco, Kittip & Smith 21567. Huanuco: Mito,
1559. Cuzco: Near Cuzco, Vargas 945. Puno: Salcedo, Soukup
833. Introduced from Europe. "Trebol."
Medicago sativa (L.) Sp. PL 778. 1753.

Tufted with glabrate stems decumbent or ascending at base,
usually several dm. high; leaflets oblanceolate, usually about 2 cm.
long, dentate, often mucronate at the obtuse to emarginate tip;
peduncles elongate, 2-5 cm. long, the violet flowers 7 mm. long;
pod puberulent, with 2 or 3 spirals. The alfalfa or lucerne, native
of Europe, is cultivated for forage, and the race at Salaverry, densely
pubescent, was named forma salaverryensis Macbr. Field Mus. Bot.
8: 97. 1930 (var. polia Brand, U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. PL Ind. Bull.
118: 23. 1907) the "Alfalfa del Peru." Illustrated, Degener, Fl.
Hawaii.
Libertad: Salaverry, 48. Introduced from Europe. "Alfalfa,"
"lucerne," "omas."
69. MELILOTUS [Tourn.] Juss.

Annual or biennial herbs with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, the
and small yellow or white flowers borne in
leaflets usually denticulate,
slender, axillary peduncled racemes, these without bracts or bract-

lets or the former minute. Calyx teeth subequal. Vexillar stamen
free, at leastabove the middle. Ovary few-ovuled. Pod subglo-
bose or ovoid, coriaceous, wrinkled, scarcely dehiscent.
Melilotus alba [Med.] Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 4: 63. 1797.

Tall with slender branches, the oblong leaflets truncate emargi-
nate or rounded apically, 1-2 cm. long; flowers white, nodding,
about 4 mm. long, the racemes often 1-2 dm. long; pod glabrous.
Cuzco: Prov. Convention, Vargas 250. Ollantaytambo, 2,900
meters, (Herrerd). Naturalized from Europe.
Melilotus indica (L.) All. Fl. Ped. 1: 308. 1785. Trifolium

melilotus indica a. L. Sp. PL 765. 1753. M. parviflora Desf. FL At-
lant. 2: 192. 1800.
Low, erect or often diffuse annual with yellow flowers; upper

leaflets oblong, nearly serrulate around the tip; pod 2 (2.5) mm.
long, globose, reticulate, rugose. The similar yellow sweet clover,
M. officinalis (L.) Lam. is taller, the pods 3-4 mm. long. Plant
used for fodder. Some authorities write the name M. melilotus
indicus (L.) Asch. & Graebn.
Lima: Roadsides, 62. Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped. Matucana,
238. Huanuco: Sawada P. 67. Arequipa: Camana, Raimondi.
Cuzco: Herrera 313. Valle del Apurimac, Herrera. Calca, Vargas
4-97. Adventive from Europe. "Tre"bol macho," "white sweet
clover."
70. CROTALARIA L.
By Harold A. Senn 1
Reference: Senn, in Rhodora 41: 317-367. 1939.

Annual or perennial, prostrate to erect herbs, or small shrubs.
Leaves in the Peruvian species simple or digitately trifoliolate.
Stipules present or absent, in some instances decurrent on the stem.

Inflorescence a raceme, terminal or opposite the leaves. Flowers
in Peruvian species yellow or yellow variously tinged with red.
Standard roundish or obovate; keel beaked. Stamens 10, united
into a sheath which is split above. Legume 2-valved; inflated.
More than 400 species chiefly in tropical and warm temperate

regions of both hemispheres, 300 of these in Africa. An Indian
species is the source of the Sunn Hemp, and several, including C.
anagyroides, are extremely important for soil improvement, especially
of sandy areas; cf. McKee & Enlow, U. S. Dept. Agric. Circ. 137.
1931.
Leaves simple.
Leaves broad (1.2-5.2 cm. wide); stipules when present not
decurrent on the stem.
Calyx lobes broadly ovate; leaves obovate C. retusa.
Calyx lobes linear to lanceolate; leaves lanceolate to elliptic.

C. nitens.
Leaves narrow (0.5-1.1 cm. wide); stipules when present decur-

rent on the stem C. sagittalis.
Leaves trifoliolate.
1
Contribution No. 709, Division of Botany and Plant Pathology, Science
Service, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada.
FLORA OF PERU 455
Legumes densely tomentose with spreading hairs; leaflets oval to

obovate or orbicular C. incana.
Legumes appressed-pubescent, puberulous, or rarely almost gla-

brous; leaflets obovate to elliptic-lanceolate.
Legumes small (0.8-1.5 cm. long), almost sessile; flowers small;
carina bent at a sharp right angle C. pumila.
Legumes large (2.3-3.5 cm. long), stipitate; flowers large;

carina rounded C. anagyroides.
Crotalaria anagyroides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 404. 1824.

C. Dombeyana DC. Prodr. 2: 132. 1825.
Perennial herb or half-shrub to 1.5 meters high; upper branches
coarse, striate, usually densely pubescent with yellowish-brown
hairs; leaves trifoliolate, leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, 3-11.5 cm. long
(av. 6 cm.) by 1.2-3 cm. broad (av. 2.2 cm.), under surface of
leaf hirtellous, upper surface essentially glabrous; stipules minute,
setaceous; inflorescence usually terminal, densely 15-many-flowered;

flowers yellow or the standard slightly reddish; calyx tube broadly
campanulate; calyx lobes triangular, short, 0.3-0.6 cm. long; calyx
densely pubescent; carina rounded, 1-1.5 cm. long, approximately
equaling the wings; carina and wings much exceeding the calyx;
flowers borne on pedicels up to 1 cm. long, the bases of which are
conspicuous after the flowers have fallen; legume stipitate, 2.3-3.5
cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, appressed-pubescent or rarely becoming
almost glabrous. F.M. Neg. 1925. Illustrated, Rock, Legum.
PI. Hawaii, pi. 58.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 2854. San Martin: Alto Rio Hual-

laga, Williams 5665; 6678. Alto Rio Huallaga, Juanjui, Klug 4355.
Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, Klug 3378. Huanuco:
Vicinity of Huanuco, 2,000 meters, 3229; Woytkowski 108. Junin:
Chanchamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 1567. Tarma, Ruiz &
Pawn. Hacienda on Rio Chinchao, Vilcabamba, 4987. Ayacucho:
Aina between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1,000 meters, Killip
& Smith 22541; 23120.Puno: Near Puno, 4,000 meters, Soukup
335. Department indefinite: Cuiken, Poeppig 1221. Without
locality, Dombey. Paraguay; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Venezuela;
very locally in Honduras, Mexico and the West Indies.
Crotalaria incana L. Sp. PI. 716. 1753. C. cytisifolia Hoffman-

segg ex Heyhnhold, Nomencl. Bot. Hort. 2: 171. 1840, nomen;
Nachtr. Preis.-Verz. 25. 1842 in Linnaea 16: Litt.-Ber. 279. 1842.
Annual or occasionally perennial, much-branched, herbaceous to

shrubby, pubescent, 0.3-1.2 meters high; leaves trifoliolate, leaflets
oval to obovate or orbicular, 1.5^1 cm. long by 1-2.5 cm. wide,
pubescent beneath or glabrescent; stipules small, setaceous, decidu-
ous; racemes 5-many-flowered, lateral and terminal; flowers in
Peruvian specimens greenish to brownish yellow with the standard
often slightly reddish; calyx deeply lobed, the tube almost lacking,
pubescent; calyx lobes almost linear, acuminate, about 1 cm. long;
legume sessile, pendulous, pubescent with spreading brownish hairs,
2.5-3.5 cm. long. Illustrated, Rock, Legum. PI. Hawaii, pi. 60.
San Martin: Alto Rio Huallaga, Tarapoto, Morales, 360-900
meters, Williams 5672. Lima: San Rafael, 3,000 meters, 3138.
Chosica, 1,000 meters, 536. Huanuco: Mito, 1550. Junin: Prov.
Tarma, between Palca and Carpapata, 2,900 meters, Stork 10969.
La Merced, 600 meters, 5248. Uspachaca, 1303. Cuzco: Yucay,
Soukup 762; 768. Valle de Paucar, 3,000 meters, Herrera 3363.
Valle del Apurimac, Herrera 2129. Paucartambo, about 3,500
meters, Balls B6677. Urubamba Valley, near Yucay, 3,000 meters,
Herrera 1378. Apurimac: Prov. Grau, Hacienda Lucie, Oropeza
Valley, 2,000-3,000 meters, Vargas 9760. Abancay, 2,400 meters,
Stork, Horton & Vargas 10554. Without exact locality, 2,600-
2,700 meters, Weberbauer 5852. Puno: Region of Puno, Soukup
516. Without locality, Weberbauer 5298. Tropical and subtropical
regions of both Old and New Worlds, probably being indigenous
in America and introduced into the Old World.
Crotalaria nitens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 399. 1824.

Herb or subshrub to 1 meter high, branching above, usually
densely pubescent; leaves simple, short-petiolate, broadly lanceolate
to elliptic, cuneate at the base, margined or slightly recurved, 4.5-10
cm. long, by 1.4-3.7 cm. wide, usually appressed-pubescent above
and beneath; stipules minute or lacking; inflorescence terminal, 15-
many-flowered; bracts and bractlets conspicuous, especially since
peduncles frequently occur bearing several flowerless bracts; flowers
yellow, with the standard red-striped on the outside; calyx lobes 1-2
times the length of the tube, linear to lanceolate, densely appressed-
pubescent; legume essentially sessile, 3.5-4 cm. long, glabrous, dark
purple to black at maturity. F.M. Neg. 1938.
Loreto: Balsapuerto, 220 meters, Klug 2848. Rio Nanay,
Williams 742; 664. San Martin: San Roque, 1,350-1,500 meters,
Williams 7133. Huanuco: Valley of Chinchao River, 1,200 meters,
FLORA OF PERU 457
Stork & Horton 9575. Vilcabamba, 2,000 meters, 4999. Pozuzo,

600 meters, 4597. Cuchero, Poeppig 1411. Junin: Rio Pau-
cartambo Valley, 700 meters, Killip & Smith 25296. La Merced,
700 meters, 5247; Killip & Smith 23508. Puerto Yessup, 400 meters,
Killip & Smith 26399. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke
1423; 1450. Without locality, Soukup 1136. Paraguay; Bolivia;
Brazil; Colombia; locally in Central America and Mexico.
Crotalaria nitens HBK. var. trichina Macbr. Field Mus. Bot.

8: 94. 1930.
Leaves at first pubescent above, in age becoming glabrate or

glabrous.
Loreto: Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan, 100-125 meters, Schunke
212. Caballo-Cocha on Amazon River, Williams 2031; 2150. La
Victoria, Williams 2774; 2786. Lower Rio Huallaga, Williams
4692. San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2708. Zepelacio,
near Moyobamba, 1,200-1,600 meters, Klug 3607. Junin: Chan-
chamayo Valley, Schunke 331.
Huacapistana, 1,800-2,400 meters,
Killip & Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 2,500 meters,
Smith 24103.
Pennell 14000, type. Ayacucho: Ccarrapa, between Huanta and
Rio Apurimac, 1,500 meters, Killip & Smith 22327. Ecuador.
Crotalaria pumila Ortega, Hort. Bot. Matrit. Dec. 2: 23. 1797.

C. lupulina HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 402. pi. 590. 1824.
Annual or perennial, 4-30 cm.
high, branches diffuse or decum-
bent, appressed-pubescent or glabrate; leaves trifoliolate, leaflets
oblanceolate to oblong, 0.7-3.5 cm. long, puberulous beneath;
stipules minute, setaceous, deciduous; inflorescence lateral or termi-
nal, usually 1-5-flowered; flowers yellow with the standard frequently
reddish on the outside; calyx lobes puberulous, narrowly triangular,
about half the length of the corolla; carina bent at a sharp right
angle, rostrum of the carina attenuate, 0.6-1.1 cm. long; legume
almost sessile, puberulous, yellowish, 1.2-1.5 cm. long.
Piura: Vicinity of La Brea, Haught & Svenson 11571. Prov.
Paita, Talara, Haught 3. Parinas Valley, Haught F.164- Lima:
Along Rio Chillon, near Viscas, 1,800 meters, Pennell 14463. Hua-
nuco: Mito, 3,000 meters, 3334- Junin: Uspachaca, 1319. Ayacu-
cho: Huanta, 2,800 meters, Killip & Smith 23334. Apurimac:
Caderas de Abancay, 2,400 meters, Vargas C481. Cuzco: Valle
del Apurimac, Hen era 2129. Bolivia; Ecuador; Venezuela; Gala-
pagos Islands; Central America; West Indies; Mexico; Florida;

southwestern United States.
Crotalaria retusa L. Sp. PL 715. 1753.

Annual, shrubby, erect, 0.3-1 meter high, puberulous; leaves
simple, obovate or oblanceolate, apex slightly retuse or rounded,
glabrous above, short-pubescent beneath, 3.5-9 cm. long by 1.2-
3 cm. wide, short-petiolate; stipules minute, setaceous, or wanting;
inflorescence a terminal many-flowered raceme; bracts linear or
subulate, small; flowers large, showy, yellowish; standard with
purple lines inside, chocolate to brown outside; calyx lobes broadly
ovate, slightly pubescent; calyx tube campanulate, broadly truncate
at the base; carina rounded; legume sessile, glabrous, 3-4 cm. long,
purple to black at maturity. Illustrated, Bot. Mag. 52: pi. 2561.
Loreto: Alto Rio Itaya, San Antonio, Williams 3524- Iquitos,
Williams 3527. Tropical and subtropical regions of both hemi-
spheres, probably native to the Old World and adventive in America.
Crotalaria sagittalis L. Sp. PL 714. 1753, except var. (?).

C. Matthewsana Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2: 479. 1843.
Annual or perennial herbs becoming somewhat shrubby, erect,
or somewhat spreading, villous with spreading yellowish hairs;
leaves simple, lanceolate to linear, pubescent above and beneath
with more or less spreading, yellowish hairs, very short-petiolate
or sessile; stipules present on upper part of stem, triangular, acute,
frequently lacking on lower part of stem; inflorescence terminal,
few-flowered; bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate,
short-stalked; flowers yellow to greenish-yellow, corolla usually
exceeding the calyx; calyx lobes lanceolate, pubescent; legume sessile,
glabrous, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, yellowish or becoming black at matur-
ity. Crotalaria Matthewsana Benth. was based on Mathews 1934,
collected at Casapi. Neither the type nor a photograph of the type
has been examined. The species is closely related to C. sagittalis, if
not conspecific with it, and may be placed here pending an examina-
tion of the type. Illustrated, Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 347.
Huanuco: Mito, 3,000 meters, 3265. Bolivia; Colombia; Central
America; the northern West Indies; eastern and central United
States.
71. SPARTIUM L.
Broom-like shrubs, the nearly leafless branches terminating in

racemes of showy yellow flowers, the sterile branchlets sharp-
FLORA OF PERU 459
pointed. Leaves 1-foliate, small, often lacking; calyces subspa-

thaceous, with minute teeth. Keel incurved, acuminate. Stamens
all connate in a tube, the anthers alternating short and long, the
former versatile, the latter basifixed. Pods elongate, linear.

The shrub, sometimes tree-like, is cultivated in parts of South
America for its fiber.
Spartium junceum L. Sp. PL 708. 1753.

Glabrous shrub 1-3 meters high with numerous finely striate
cylindrical branchlets, commonly more or less fascicled or tufted;
flowers about 1.5 cm. long on short thickish pedicels; young pods
densely silky pilose, the mature ones suberect, slightly curved,
about 6 cm. long, 1 cm. broad.
Thoroughly naturalized between 2,000 and 3,000 meters in many
valleys of central Peru (Weberbauer), the upper portions of the
plants commonly used for brooms, and as fodder. According to
Woytkowski, the shrub has medicinal uses as "esparteina." Illus-
trated, Clos & Lahitte, Arboles y Arbustos Cult. Argent. 4: pi. 18,
fig- 2.
Lima: Matucana, 386. Junin: Tarma, 1034; Killip & Smith

21890. Amazonas: Near Chachapoyas, Woytkowski 35; Williams
7565. Cajamarca: Osgood & Anderson 33. Without locality, Ruiz
& Pavon. Mediterranean region. "Retama," "talhui."
72. LUPINUS [Tourn.] L.

Reference: Charles Piper Smith, Species Lupinorum 1938-42.
Herbs, half shrubs or shrubs, sometimes annuals, exceedingly
diverse in habit, alpine forms often prostrate or cespitose, those of
middle and lower altitudes most frequently herbaceous, usually
more or less tufted or not rarely shrubs or lignescent at least below.
Leaves usually digitately several to many (5-16) foliate, the petioles
adnately stipulate at base. Flowers in terminal racemes, usually in
crowded verticils or sometimes few and subcapitate, yellow, various
shades of blue or purple, less frequently white, the bracts, or rarely
the bractlets if present, caducous or somewhat persisting. Calyx
deeply bilabiate, the lips entire or 2-3 dentate. Banner broad, the
wings connate apically including the incurved keel. Stamens mona-
delphous, the tube entire, the shorter anthers versatile, the longer
basifixed.Pods oblong, more or less compressed, bivalved, septate.
Since the well-known authority found it impossible to furnish
the manuscript for this genus, the descriptions and determinations,
unless noted, are taken from his work, particularly from Signatures
17-19: 257-304. 1941, comprising Paper 25, "A First Report on the
Genus Lupinus in Peru," which is provided with a key, pages
297-304; there is a departmental index to the Peruvian species,
pages 310-311. When any important change has been made in
Smith's uniformly executed descriptions it has been at least my
intention to indicate such modifications. His key, however, is not di-
chotomous; in devising one to conform to the type used in this work
no attempt has been made to evaluate his classification. I wish to
record, however, that in my opinion the species are largely founded
on solitary "differences" which modern taxonomic methods will
some day show to be contained within units properly based on
greater concomitance of diagnostic characteristics. Smith himself
has admitted in some species variation which usually he has accepted
as constituting alone a specific character, as, for instance, keel
ciliate or eciliate. Besides he has paid little or no attention to the
influence on habit, size of vegetative parts or degree of pubescence
by the environment; yet in the Andes the ecological factors may be
important even in the same locality (cf., for example, the variations
in Astragalus'). My key, therefore, is scarcely more than a key to
specimens and as unfortunately Smith based many of his species
on collections in foreign herbaria before studying the material
available in the United States I have had to try to fit these in from
descriptions, no doubt with many misinterpretations. Finally it
may be remarked that if so few extra-Peruvian species occur in
Peru the fact is noteworthy for so large a genus; also the species-
distribution or apparent limitation within the country suggests
strongly that a scientific definition of the species by taxonomists has
not yet been achieved. L. bimaculatus Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3:
626. 1791, based on a garden plant said to have originated in Peru,
seems to be entirely obscure and has not been included but to it
Rose referred my 2261; this according to Smith is L. Holwayorum
which is included here in L. condensiflorus.
Annuals, erect or suberect; banner of flowers glabrous; keel rarely

eciliate.

Keel ciliate; flowers usually verticillate or scattered.
Leaflets, at least some, 6-8 mm. wide.
Upper calyx lip bidentate; stems lanuginose.

L. Gaudichaudianus.
Upper calyx lip bifid; stems villous.
FLORA OF PERU 461
Stem fistulose, often branched L. Lindleyanus.

Stem solid, unbranched L. lorenzensis.
Leaflets 3-4 mm. wide.
Leaflets to 15mm. long, conduplicate; ovules 2.
L. microcarpus.
Leaflets often longer, often flat; ovules 3 or more.
Ovules 4-6; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; flowers few or verti-
cils few L. Lindleyanus.
Ovules 7-8; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; flower verticils 7-10.
L. syriggedes.
Keel eciliate; flowers capitate L. mollendoensis.
Flowers 16-20 mm. long; keel usually ciliate L. mutabilis.
Perennials (sometimes flowering as annuals (?), probably biennial
but banner then pubescent or keel ciliate) herbaceous or more
or less shrubby, sometimes ligneous to racemes. L. mutabilis,
the stems sometimes hard, might be sought here.
Plants completely or partly herbaceous, often more or less tufted
perennials or if more or less lignescent usually depressed,
cespitose or prostrate; upper calyx lip often bifid, always
so if plants are lignescent. Contrast, page 464.
Plants completely herbaceous often nearly acaulescent or the
fleshy stems simple, the terminal more or less fleshy;
peduncles erect in flower and solitary or clustered with the
leaves on the crown of the perennial root; plants except
L. ananeanus a dm. high or higher.
Leaves well-exceeding the racemes; bracts 5-10 mm. long,
appressed-sericeous except L. ananeanus.
Plants about 2 dm. high.
Flowers violet; banner pubescent.
Flowers to 9 mm. long; calyx villous L. chilensis.
Flowers to 12 mm. long; calyx appressed sericeous.
L. pinguis.
Flowers yellow; banner glabrous L. chrysanthus.
Plants scarcely if ever 1 dm. high L. ananeanus.
Leaves rarely as long as the racemes; bracts villous (except
L. montanus) or only 4-7 mm. long or little longer.
Bracts linear, long-villous except in L. montanus, often
about as long or longer than the flowers, these rarely
yellow.
Bracts long-villous, 8-20 mm. long or flowers yellow.

Flowers yellow L. cuzcensis.
Flowers not yellow.
Petiole-pubescence in part conspicuously villous;
banner pubescent.
Bracts persisting, 15-20 mm. long.L. Weberbaueri.
Bracts caducous, 8-12 mm. long. .L. arequipensis.
Petiole-pubescence minute or mostly or entirely
short-lanate; banner glabrous. .L. huaronensis.
Bracts sericeous L. montanus.
Bracts lanceolate-linear or ovate, 4-7 (8) mm. long; flowers
never yellow.
Keel eciliate; flowers (except L. aridulus) 12-15 mm.
long.
Leaflets more or less sericeous above.
Bracts and calyces rather laxly villous . . . L. Fieldii.

Bracts and calyces appressed sericeous.
Leaflets to 5 mm. wide; banner ovate.
L. Kalenbornorum.
Leaflets to 7 (12) mm. wide; banner suborbicular.
L. malacotrichus.
Leaflets glabrous above.
Pedicels about 2 mm. long; wings 4 mm. wide.
L. cymboides.
Pedicels longer; wings twice as wide. . .L. misticola.
Keel usually ciliate; flowers 8-12 mm. long; stems

strigillose.
Pedicels 3-4 mm. long L. Lechlerianus.
Pedicels about 1 mm. long.

Flowers 10-12 mm. long, the keel ciliate.
L. Oquendoanus.
Flowers 8-10 mm. long, the keel rarely ciliolate.

L. aridulus.
Plants usually more lignescent, sometimes openly

or less
branched, rarely simple or flowering when herbaceous

(as L. chlorolepis, L. Franciswhittieri) most species de- ,
pressed, cespitose or prostrate-ascending, a few tall or

FLORA OF PERU 463
open in habit and more or less herbaceous (cf. also L.

cymboides, L. aridulus).
Leaflets broader than linear, all or mostly 2.5 cm. long or
longer, membranous, green; banner (except L. arequi-
pensis, L. juninensis) glabrous; plants erect or spreading.
Stems soon glabrous or strigillose-puberulent or appressed-
sericeous with few if any long-villous trichomes.
Stipules (the lower) 6-10 mm. long; upper calyx lip

bidentate or bifid (L. urubambensis) ; pedicels spread-
ing pubescent.
Pedicels about 3 (4) mm. long; plants bushy and
spreading or ligneous.
Upper calyx lip bidentate, 5-8 mm. long.
Bracts 10-12 mm. long; calyx lips 5 and 6 mm.
long L. Cookianus.
Bracts 5-8 mm. long; calyx lips 6-8 and 7-9 mm.
long L. semiprostratus.
Upper calyx lip bifid, 3-4 mm. long.

Banner glabrous. .L. urubambensis, L. Ynesiae.
. .
Banner pubescent L. juninensis.

Pedicels about 6 mm. long; erect, strict, subherbaceous.
L. Hornemanni.
Stipules about 5 mm. long; pedicels 4-5 mm. long;

upper calyx lip bifid.
Leaflets shortly sericeous beneath; pedicel pubescence

subascending. .L. disjunctus, L. Albertsmithianus.
Leaflets lanate-puberulent beneath; pedicel pubescence
spreading L. Hornemanni.
Stems more or less villous as well as puberulent (L. aridulus
might be sought here).
Flowers about 11 mm. long; banner glabrous; leaflets
rarely 8 mm. broad.

L. Lindleyanus, L. Franciswhittieri.
Flowers about 13 mm. long, the banner pubescent;
leaflets often much broader L. arequipensis.
Leaflets at most 2.5 cm. long or ashy-pubescent or linear.
Leaflets at least the larger about 2 cm. long.
Leaflets narrowly linear, ashy-strigose L. romasanus.
Leaflets oblanceolate or broader at middle.

Stems prostrate-ascending; leaflets 3-7 mm. wide.
L. chlorolepis.
Stems suberect, woody; leaflets 2-3 mm. wide.
L. sarmentosus.
Leaflets at least the larger rarely 15 mm. long (cf. L. chloro-
lepis).
Peduncles obsolete.
Petioles slender, 2-4 cm. long L. conicus.
Petioles mostly or all shorter L. pulvinaris.
Peduncles obvious.
Petioles often in age about 2 cm. long or longer; leaflets
flat or conduplicate.
Leaflets densely sericeous; stems short.

Leaflets strongly involute, narrow. . . .L. carazensis.
Leaflets flat.
Pubescence all appressed L. Pickeringii.

Pubescence in part spreading villous.
L. peruvianus.
Leaflets glabrous or glabrate at least in age above;
stems slender, a dm. or so long, glabrate (typi-
cally) L. Gilbertianus.
Petioles 3-15 mm. long; leaflets revolute, 1 (2) mm.
broad (cf L. Gilbertianus, L. sarmentosus}
. .
Pubescence appressed.
Flowers 9-10 mm. long; keel typically ciliate;
stems ascending L. Dorae.
Flowers 6-7 (8) mm. long; keel eciliate; stems
prostrate, often matted.
L. microphyllus, L. allargyreius.
Pubescence at least in part villous-hirsute, spreading.
Leaflets densely strigose both sides.
Leaflets to 7 mm. long L. chavanillensis.
Leaflets much longer L. peruvianus.
Leaflets glabrous above or pubescence sparse.
L. prostratus.
Plants except L. Lechlerianus definitely in part lignescent, or
densely silky-tomentose, usually branched and erect, infre-
FLORA OF PERU 465
quently half shrubs, usually shrubs and the branchlets (if

these) herbaceous; upper calyx lip entire or bidentate except
in L. Albertsmithianus, L. juninensis.
Pubescence of pedicels appressed or subappressed, firm.

Leaflets soon glabrous or sparsely pubescent above or the
trichomes long, lax.
Pedicels at least mostly more than 4 (4-10) mm. long.
Bracts subpersisting; half shrubs or semiherbaceous.
Perennial herb; flowers 6-8 mm. long.L. Lechlerianus.
Shrubs or half shrubs.
Flowers about 8 mm. long L. saxatilis.
Flowers about 13 mm. long.
Keel eciliate (as to type) L. condensiflorus.
Keel ciliate L. Mathewsianus.
Bracts caducous; tall shrubs or tree-like.
Flowers 12-15 mm. long; leaflets 2-3 cm. long.
L. praealtus, L. paniculatus.
Flowers about 11 mm. long; leaflets to 4 cm. long,
10 mm. wide L. Albertsmithianus.
Pedicels 2-4 mm. long.
Banner pubescent; bracts subpersisting.
Keel eciliate; petioles to about 3 cm. long.
L. condensiflorus.
Keel ciliate; petioles 3-5 cm. long. .L. Ellsworthianus.
Banner glabrous or nearly; bracts deciduous.

Leaflets to 3 cm. long; lower calyx lip merely arcuate.
Keel eciliate.
Leaflets to 4 mm. wide L. ramosissimus.

Leaflets 6-10 mm. wide L. semiprostratus.
Keel ciliate L. carpapaticus.
Leaflets to 1.5 cm. long; lower calyx lip incurved
especially in bud L. hamaticalyx.
Leaflets evenly often densely sericeous above as usually
beneath, the trichomes appressed.
Leaflets to 6 mm. broad; upper calyx lip entire or nearly.
L. Jelskianus.
Leaflets to 12 mm. broad; upper calyx lip bidentate.
Flowers 16-20 mm. long; banner pubescent. .L. notabilis.

Banner glabrous or nearly L. Gayanus.
Banner pubescent L. Herreranus.
Pubescence of pedicels villous, spreading, or at least divaricate-
ascending (cf.L.Lechlerianus; L. Gayanus).
Leaflets densely villous (trichomes more or less spreading)
or densely appressed-sericeous at least above.
Pubescence of branchlets at least in part more or less
spreading, short-villous-tomentose or in part (at least)

long- villous; petioles, except in L. eriocladus, long.
Branchlets short-villous-tomentose with more or less
spreading trichomes.
Petioles of the flowering branchlets not much if at
all longer than the longer leaflets, mostly or all
shorter than 2.5 cm. or a few about 3 cm. long.
L. eriocladus.
Petioles of the flowering branchlets usually or mostly
4-6 cm. long or longer.
Banner glabrous; pedicels 2-4 mm. long.
L. Ulbrichianus.
Banner at least in bud, pubescent.
Pedicels about 2 mm. long. . . . :L. sufferugineus.
Pedicels 6-8 mm. long.

Leaflets oblong-linear, to about 4 mm. wide.
L. Ballianus.
Leaflets broadly oblong or oblanceolate, to 10
mm. wide.
Leaflets oblanceolate L. tomentosus.
Leaflets oblong, acute. . .L. Piper smithianus.
Branchlets long-villous or the pubescence only in part
appressed; petioles long.
Stems spreading-villous.
Leaflets sericeous.
Pedicels 5-8 mm. long; bracts 5-7 mm. long.
L. Staffordiae.
Pedicels 4-5 mm. long; bracts 8-10 mm. long.
L. Munzianus.
FLORA OF PERU 467
Leaflets laxly villous L. Hinkleyorum.

Stems subappressed villous and sericeous.
L. Werdermannianus.
Pubescence of branchlets entirely appressed-sericeous or
strigose with ascending trichomes; petioles at most
about 3 (4) cm. long, often shorter.
Leaflets oblanceolate.
Leaflets about 2 cm. long.
Upper calyx lip dentate.

Pedicels 3-4 mm. long; leaflets to about 3 mm.
wide.
Branchlets strigose or glabrate; petioles about
3 cm. long L. praetermissus.
Branchlets densely sericeous; petioles often
shorter L. brachypremnon.
Pedicels 5-8 mm. long; leaflets to 6 mm. wide.
L. tarapacensis.
Upper calyx lip entire; pedicels 5-7 mm. long.

L. Ledigianus.
Leaflets about 3 cm. long or longer (cf. L. notabilis).
Upper calyx lip entire; stem pubescence appressed.

L. exochus, L. perblandus.
Upper calyx bidentate; stem pubescence ascend-

lip
ing-spreading L. tomentosus, L. Ballianus.
Leaflets broadly obovate, nearly half as broad as long.
L. toratensis.
Leaflets glabrous or glabrate above, the pubescence if any
not conspicuously^and usually not uniformly dense or in
this case the mature leaflets greenish, the petioles long.
Petioles of the flowering branchlets not much if at all

longer than the leaflets, mostly or all shorter than
2.5 cm., at most about 3 cm. long; leaflets glabrous or
glabrate above.
Leaflets obovate, nearly half as broad as long, to 1 cm.
long L. visoensis.
Leaflets oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, longer.
Leaflets little more than 3 times longer than broad.
Keel eciliate.
Leaflets to 1.5 cm. long, 4 mm. wide; pedicels

5-8 mm. long L. Richardianus.
Leaflets to 2.5 cm. long, 7 mm. wide; pedicels
3-4 mm. long L. Macbrideanus.
Keel ciliate L. appositus,
Leaflets 4 to 6 times longer than broad.
Keel ciliate; leaflets 1.5-2 cm. long. . .L. appositus.
Keel eciliate; leaflets longer.

Pubescence of branchlets appressed or subap-
pressed.
Shrub; leaflets appressed-sericeous beneath;
bracts subpersisting.
L. Wilkesianus, L. paniculatus.
Tree; leaflets rather loosely pubescent beneath;

bracts caducous L. praealtus.
Pubescence of branchlets spreading villous.
L. Goodspeedii.
Petioles mostly or all 3 cm. long or longer, mostly 4-6 cm.
long or longer; leaflets sometimes more or less ap-
pressed-sericeous above but greenish.
Leaflets to 3 mm. broad.
Flowers about 13 mm. long L. Lobbianus.
Flowers about 7 mm. long L. Lechlerianus.
Leaflets 5-10 mm. broad.
Leaflets more or less appressed-sericeous above.
Banner pubescent.
Pedicels 3-4 mm. long; calyx lip toothed.
Leaflets 5-7 mm. wide L. juninensis.
Leaflets about 4 mm. wide. .L. praetermissus.
. .
Pedicels longer; calyx lip entire L. exochus.

Banner glabrous; upper calyx lip bidentate.
L. Cookianus.
Leaflets glabrous or glabrate above.
Keel glabrous; upper calyx lip bidentate.
Pedicels about 3 mm. long L. semiprostratus.
Pedicels to about 6 mm. long.
Plants herbaceous above. . . .L. Hornemanni.
FLORA OF PERU 469
Plants except branchlet tips lignescent.

L. Macbrideanus.
Keel ciliate, pubescent; upper calyx lip bifid.
L. Albertsmithianus.
Lupinus Albertsmithianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 279. 1941.

Erect branching shrub to 12 dm. high, the slender branches
sparsely appressed-sericeous, the leaves green and glabrous above,
somewhat short-sericeous beneath; petioles 3-5 cm. long, slender,
with 6-7 oblong-oblanceolate acute and apiculate flat leaflets to 4
cm. long, 10 mm. broad peduncles to 8 cm. long, the racemes to twice
;
as long with many verticils; bracts lanceolate, subulate, to 7 mm. long,

deciduous; pedicels 4-5 mm. long, the pubescence ascending-spreading
or early subappressed; flowers about 11 mm. long; upper calyx lip
bifid, 4-5 mm. long, the lower entire, 6-7 mm. long; banner sub-
orbiculate with an obscure medial line of pubescence, the wings to
5 mm. broad, the keel ciliate; ovules 5; pods 4 cm. long, 10 mm.
broad, sublanceolate, sericeous; seeds pale brown, mottled and with
a curved transverse dark line. A slender shrub with greenish-
yellow glabrate branches; pedicels often hardly 4 mm. long with
pubescence slightly spreading; wings deep blue, the keel and banner
slightly paler. Name hyphenated by the author. The leaflets are
mostly 2-3 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, but the species is probably not
always separable from L. Ellsworthianus. The upper calyx lip of
the Huanuco specimen is merely bidentate.
Junin: Huacapistana, open hillside, Killip & Smith 24196, type.
Huanuco: Piedras Grandes, 3,000 meters, Woytkowski 138.
Lupinus allargyreius C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 269. 1941.

L. microphyllus Benth. var. argyreius Ball, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 22:
35. 1885.
Depressed littleshrub, the stems a few cm. long; petioles 3-12

mm. long, glabrous or appressed-sericeous; leaflets 5-7, green, rather
sparsely subappressed hirsute, 2-5 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad;
pedicels 2-3 cm. long, often curved, fleshy, glabrate or sparsely and
laxly pilose; racemes subcapitate; bracts deciduous; flowers 5-8 mm.
long, subsessile; calyx subappressed-sericeous, the upper lip bifid,
about 3 mm. long, the equal lowerone entire; banner narrow, the
keel eciliate; ovules 3; pods 10-12 mm. long, about 4 mm. broad.
More than likely this is an extreme tufted variety of L. microphyllus.
Junin: Casapalca, alpine basin slopes, 871; (Ball, type). Yauli,
(Weberbauer 5125); short grass slope, 932. Lima: Rio Blanco, wet
mossy slope, 783. Puno: Near Puno, Araranca, 4,100 meters, Pen-
nell IS 440.
Lupinus ananeanus Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 548. 1906; 260.

L. Cruckshanksii Gray in U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 1: 393. 1854,
not Hook. 1831. L. Asagrayanus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 260. 1941.
Densely tufted herbaceous perennial, the few-flowered racemes

concealed among the leaves, the plants 5-8 cm. high; stems obsolete
or short; petioles 2-6 cm. long, densely as the 7-11 leaflets, villous-
hirsute, the latter glabrate above, conduplicate, linear-oblanceolate,
1-2.5 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad; peduncles little if at all developed,
the racemes about 2 cm. long, capitate; bracts linear-lanceolate,
deciduous or more or less persisting, shorter than the subsessile
flowers, these 8-10 mm. long, white or pale purple; calyx villous-
hirsute, the upper lip bifid, the lower entire or tridentate; banner
glabrous, the wings 4-5 mm. broad, the keel ciliate or eciliate; ovules
3 or 4; pods to 15 mm. long, a third as broad, the purplish seeds
mottled. Smith distinguishes two species principally on the basis
of plants unbranched, pubescent, soft-villous, this the plant of Gray,
and plants much branched from the root crown, the pubescence
hirsute, nettle-like. L. breviscapis Ulbr. Meded. Rijks Herb. Leiden
27: 47. 1915 seems to be the same. F.M. Neg. 1973.
Junin: Alpamarca, Wilkes Exped. (type, L. Cruckshanksii).

Cerro de Pasco, (Cruckshanks) Ayacucho: Between Pasco and Aya,
.
'
Weberbauer 5-4-4? Arequipa: Cailloma, Karl Schmidt. Cuzco:

Region of Cuzco, Gay. Puno: Ananea, 4,700 meters, Weberbauer
1022, type.
Lupinus appositus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 155. 1940.

Much-branched shrub a few dm. high, the slender stems probably
subsericeous, the leaves glabrous above, subsericeous beneath; sti-
pules ovate-aristate to 5 mm. long; petioles about 15 mm. long, the
leaflets 1.5-2 cm. long, flat or conduplicate, acute; peduncles 2-3
cm. long, the racemes to 8 cm. long; bracts ovate-aristate to 4 mm.
long, tardily deciduous; pedicels 4-5 mm. long, spreading-pubescent;
flowers about 13 mm. long, the calyces sericeous; upper calyx lip
bidentate, 4 mm. long, the lower lanceolate, entire; banner suborbic-
ulate, densely sericeous above the middle, the wings to 6 mm. broad,
the keel ciliate.
Lima: Puruchuca, (Mathews 479, in part, type).

FLORA OF PERU 471
Lupinus arequipensis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 280. 1941.

Plants 6-9 dm. high, the stems stout fistulose, densely lanate
and conspicuously villous, branched above; petioles 5-12 cm. long,
minutely lanate and spreading villous; leaflets 7-9, to 7 cm. long,
16 mm. broad, flat, green and finally glabrous above, scarcely sub-
lanate beneath; peduncles 6-8 cm. long, stout, villous, the dense
racemes 1-1.5 dm. long; bracts 8-12 mm. long, linear, yellowish
villous, caducous; pedicels 3-4 mm. long, spreading pubescent;
flowers about 14 mm. long, the densely lanate villous calyces with
upper lip bifid, 4 mm. long, the subequal lower entire; banner sub-
orbiculate, lightly pubescent near tip, the wings broad, the keel
eciliate. Possibly annual or biennial; petals deep purple, the
banner yellow medially. Here might be sought L. tominensis
Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 251. 1857 of Bolivia.
Arequipa: Mollendo, Hitchcock 22378, type.
Lupinus aridulus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 271. 1941.

An erect perennial, branched at base, the appressed-pubescent
and subvillous stems 1-3 dm. long; petioles 3-4.5 (8) cm. long with
6-8 leaflets to18 (-5 cm.) mm. long, 4 (-10) mm. broad, oblan-
ceolate, obtuse, mostly flat, green and glabrate above, subappressed-
sericeous beneath; peduncles 2-4 cm. long, the racemes somewhat
fistulose, 3-6 cm. long, exceeding the leaves, with 6-8 verticils;
flowers 9-10 mm. long, the bracts linear, persisting, 3 mm. long,
the pedicels about 1 mm. long, spreading pubescent; upper calyx
lip bifid, 3 mm. long, the lower if at all longer, entire or minutely
bi- or tridentate; banner broadly ovate, somewhat pubescent near
tip, the wings 3-4 mm. broad, the keel typically eciliate. The col-
lector noted the petals as violet, the banner yellow medially; it
seems highly probable that the plant is ^t least a short-lived peren-
nial; the second specimen seen from the type locality is poor and may
not belong here. Probably affine L. Lechlerianus.
Puno: Araranca, 4,100 meters, Pennell 13431, type; Pennell
13445(1). Cuzco: Near Cuzco, (Herrera 3049?, keel ciliolate).
Prov. Canas, Vargas 11023(1). "Oquera-qquera."
Lupinus Ballianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 169. 1940.

Low shrub, the branchlets and petioles loosely pubescent, the
latter3-4 cm. long; stipules 12-18 mm. long; leaflets appressed-
pubescent both sides, oblong, acute or narrowed both ends, flat or
conduplicate to 4 cm. long, 7 mm. broad; peduncles 3-5 cm. long,
the laxly flowered racemes a dm. long or longer, often with 12 or

more verticils; bracts lanceolate, aristate, 8-10 mm. long, deciduous;
pedicels spreading pubescent, 4-8 mm. long; flowers 13 mm. long
or somewhat longer, the subappressed villous calyces with bidentate
upper the lower entire, arcuate, reflexing, 5-6 mm. long; banner
lip,
suborbiculate, pubescent near tip, the wings 8 mm. broad, the keel
eciliate. The upper calyx lip of my 3034 is deeply bidentate, the
stems tufted from a woody branched caudex, in habit resembling
L. romasanus Ulbr. or L. rupestris HBK. of Ecuador, the leaflets
of the latter glabrous above. My 476
was a round-topped plant.
Ancash: Ocros, Weberbauer 2674- Lima: Chicla, Puruchuco,
(Mathews 479; John Ball, type; Safford 373; Weberbauer 227; Sar-
gent 6; Seler 239}. Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped. Matucana, among
rocks, 476. Rio Blanco, prostrate ascending, 3034. Ayacucho:
Pauza, (Martinet 539). Puno: Azangaro, (Weberbauer 485).
Lupinus brachypremnon C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 294. 1941.

Erect much-branched shrub to 9 dm. high, densely and closely
appressed silvery sericeous except the racemes, these softly spreading
villous; stipules to 8 mm. long, free; petioles 0.5 to 2 cm. long with
5-9 linear-lanceolate acute, usually conduplicate leaflets, the larger
2-2.5 cm. long, 4 mm. broad; peduncles short, the racemes about
1 dm. long with 6-14 crowded 7-10 mm. long, lanceo-
verticils; bracts
late, acuminate, persisting; pedicels 3-4 mm. long; flowers 11 mm.
long, the upper calyx lip bidentate, the subequal lower entire; ban-
ner suborbiculate, pubescent, the wings about 4 mm. broad, the keel
eciliate; ovules 3 or 4; pods 2 cm. long, about 7 mm. broad, softly
villous.
Junin: Near Huancayo, 3,300 meters, open rocky hillsides, Kil-

lip &Smith 23361, type. Huanuco: Cani, near Mito, 3483 (det.
Smith, L. Holwayorum). Ancash: Catuc, near Huaraz, stony
slope, 505 (det. Smith in herb. U. S. Nat. Mus., L. Ballianus).
Lupinus carazensis Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 545. 1906; 275.
Depressed branched shrub scarcely 1 dm. high, the decumbent

branches more or less sericeous; stipules 5-8 mm. long; petioles 2.5-5
cm. long, appressed-sericeous with 6-8 linear acute partly condupli-
cate leaflets to 12 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; peduncles 3-7 cm. long,
the short racemes subcapitate; bracts subpersisting; pedicels scarcely
0.5 mm. long; flowers 7-8 mm. long; upper calyx lip bifid, about
2 mm. long, the lower twice as long, minutely tridentate; banner
FLORA OF PERU 473
ovate or obovate, glabrous, the wings 2.5 mm. broad, the keel
eciliate; ovules 4. F.M. Neg. 1980.
Ancash: Above Caraz, 4,200 meters, Weberbauer 3084, type; 226.
Lupinus carpapaticus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 181. 1940.

A branched shrub to 12 dm. high, the stems minutely appressed-
pubescent; stipules 5-6 mm.
long; petioles 3-5 cm. long, very slender
with 5-7 elliptic-oblong-oblanceolate leaflets, rounded at tip, flat,
glabrous or glabrate above, subsericeous beneath, to 2.5 cm. long,
7 mm. broad; peduncles 6-8 cm. long, subfistulose, the racemes about
twice as long with many crowded verticils; bracts 4-5 mm. long,
appressed-sericeous, lanceolate, deciduous, the appressed pubescent
pedicels 2-3 mm. long; flowers 10-12 mm. long; upper calyx lip
bidentate, 4 mm. long, the lower entire, subsaccate, slightly longer;
banner suborbiculate, glabrous, or with a few trichomes, medially
yellow, the wings 7 mm. broad, the keel ciliate near tip. Doubt-
fully distinct from L. Ellsworthianus. L. bogotensis Benth., often
reported from Peru, might be sought here; it has longer bracts,
pedicels 3-5 mm. long, flowers 13-15 mm. long.
Junin: Carpapata, above Huacapistana, open hillside, Killip &
Smith 24360, type.
Lupinus chavanillensis (Macbr.) C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 269.

1941. L. microphyllus Benth. var. chavanillensis Macbr. Field Mus.
Bot. 8: 97. 1930.
Depressed shrub with divided or branched caudex; petioles 3-15
mm. long, subappressed-sericeous; leaflets 5-7, to 5 mm. long, often
conduplicate; peduncles 1.5-2.5 cm. long, villous-hirsute, the
racemes subcapitate; bracts 4-5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, persist-
ing; flowers sessile, 10 mm. long; calyces densely subappressed-
hirsute sericeous, the upper lip 3 mm. long, deeply bifid, the lower
entire; petals narrow, the banner glabrous, suberect, 5 mm. broad, the
keel eciliate; ovules 2 or 3; pods 10-12 mm. long, 6 mm. broad,
densely appressed-sericeous. Similar to L. peruvianus.
Huanuco: Chavanillo, dry grassy slope, 300 meters, 1963, type.
Lupinus chilensis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 197. 1940.

Stoutly fistulose stemmed annual (?) branched from near the
base, a dm. or two high, the branches and long petioles (7-13 mm.
long) more or less densely subappressed or spreading- villous; leaflets
6 or 7, to 4 cm. long, 10 mm. broad, yellowish-green, subappressed-
villous especially beneath, acutish, the larger flat;racemes dense,

much shorter than the leaves, sessile or nearly, the verticils few to
many; bracts 5 mm. long, persisting; flowers 8-9 mm. long, sub-
upper calyx lip 2-3 mm. long, bifid, the lower scarcely longer,
sessile;
entire;banner laxly villous near tip, the keel ciliate; ovules 4; pods
to 18 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, densely villous, the brownish seeds
light mottled, 4mm. long. From the Field Museum specimen this
appeared to be a perennial and allied probably to L. misticola.
Tacna: Chislluma, 4,500 meters, Werdermann 1167, type.
Lupinus chlorolepis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 277. 1941.

Like L. prostratus in habit and probably only an ecological or
vegetative phase but the stems only lignescent at caudex, the leaflets
as to type 10-25 mm. long, 3-7 mm. broad, glabrous or glabrate
above, more or less sericeous all over beneath, the pedicels 1 mm.
long, the flowers 8-11 mm.long, the upper calyx lip bifid, 3^4 mm.
long; banner glabrous. In type the stems and petioles are rather
spreading villous. The bracts are rarely subpersisting, 5 mm. long,
ovate to linear-lanceolate and green; some plants are apparently
flowering as annuals (cf. L. Lindleyanus) Kalenborn 63 in part
.
(judging from scrap seen) and my 798 it seems to me could both

better be the state L. Gilbertianus; Rose determined my specimen as
L. prostratus! Cf L. Kalenbornorum.
.
Piura: Ayavaca, Weberbauer 6377. Lima: Rio Blanco, upland

grassy slope, prostrate-ascending, 798. Junin: La Quinua, trailing
or prostrate on moist grassy hillside, 2016; 2017. Yauli, Stork &
Horton 10864. La Oroya, (Kalenborn 63 part; 142B). Huanuco:
Near Huanuco, 2196. Palca, (Weberbauer 2482). Yanahuanca,
grasslands, 3,000 meters, 1291. Mito, prostrate except flowering
stalks, 1407; 1735. Cuzco: Near Cuzco, 3,000 meters, Herrera,
type. Puno: Azangaro, Weberbauer 454- "Toi-llersha."
Lupinus chrysanthus Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 543. 1906; 261.

A tufted herbaceous perennial, the long-petioled leaves well
overtopping the short racemes, in this respect resembling L. pinguis
but the thick stems more developed, minutely appressed pubescent
and shortly villous with spreading trichomes; petioles 6-15 cm. long;
leaflets 6-9, to 3 cm. long, about 4 mm. broad, oblanceolate, acute,
flat, glabrous above, somewhat villous beneath; peduncles 1.5-3

cm. long, fleshy fistulose, the racemes 5-6 cm. long, with persisting
linear bracts 8-9 mm. long, about 3 times longer than the pedicels;
FLORA OF PERU 475
flowers golden yellow, 13 mm. long; upper calyx lip bifid, 3 mm. long,
the lower entire, 4-5 mm. long; banner glabrous, reflexed, the wings
4 mm. broad, the keel eciliate; ovules 7 or 8.
Ancash: Near Piscapaccha, 4,000 meters, bunchgrass formation,
Weberbauer 2891, type; 224.
Lupinus condensiflorus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 154. Feb.

1940. alimanens C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 162. Aug. 1940.
L.
L. Holwayorum C. P. Smith, I.e. 172 (Aug.).
A shrub probably attaining several dm., the stems minutely
appressed-sericeous, the many leaves glabrous or glabrate above,
more or less sericeous beneath; stipules 6-10 mm. long; petioles
2.5-3 cm., with 7-10 broadly oblanceolate leaflets, the larger 2 (3)
cm. long, 5 (7) mm. broad; peduncles 4-6 cm. long, the longer
racemes with 10 or more verticils; bracts persisting, 6-8 mm. long,
ovate-lanceolate at base, long-aristate; pedicels appressed-pubes-
cent, 3-8 mm. long; flowers about 13 mm. long, the upper lanceolate
bidentate lip 4-5 mm. long, the lower slightly longer; banner pubes-
cent, the wings broad, the keel eciliate; ovules about 5; pods 2-5
cm. long, appressed-pubescent. The types were referred by Ulbrich
to L. bogotensis Benth. and this is presumably the plant from Prov.
del Cercado listed by Herrera under the name of Bentham, or the
plant from Cercado could be L. praealtus, doubtful from range.
The related species from Colombia has ciliate keel, oblong leaflets,
spreading pubescent pedicels.
Lima: Huamantanga, (Barclay). Huanuco: Llata, 2261(1), keel
ciliate. Cuzco: Near Cuzco, Pennell 13579 (det. Smith, L. praealtus;
Herrera 57, type, in part, this number also, fide Smith, L. Horne-
manni). High hill near Cuzco, (Lobb); Saxaihuaman, 3,500 meters,
Pennell 18565, type; Soukup 217; Holway & Holway 738 (type,
L. Holwayorum); Rose & Rose 19049. Huasao, 3,200 meters,
Herrera 3043. "Ckera," "pacha-ckera" (Herrera; cf. note above).
Lupinus conicus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 259. 1941.

Like L. Pickingerii and perhaps an ecological state but striking
by the sessile inflorescence, this only 1-1.5 cm. long; petals lilac, all
narrow, the keel obscurely ciliolate.
Lima: Rio Blanco, 4,200 meters, 810, type.
Lupinus Cookianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 160. 1940.

Erect perennial at least 6 dm. high, the glabrate slender stems
branched, mostly solid, the leaves green but somewhat sericeous
above, subsericeous beneath; stipules to 10 mm. long; petioles 4-6

cm. long with 5-8 oblanceolate acute apiculate leaflets to 4 cm. long,
9 mm. broad; peduncles about 6 cm. long, the racemes to twice as
long; bracts lanceolate, sericeous, to 12 mm. long; pedicels spreading
pubescent, about 3 mm. long; flowers to 12 mm. long; upper calyx
lip bidentate to 5 mm. long, the slightly longer one entire; banner
suborbiculate, glabrous, the wings broad, the keel eciliate; ovules 5
or 6; pods sublanate, about 3.5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, the reddish-
brown seeds mottled. L. arvensis Benth., noted under L. Horne-
manni, might be sought here.
Cuzco: San Miguel and Torontoy, Cook & Gilbert 1140, type.
Lupinus cuzcensis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 267. 1941.

Tufted perennial herb with the habit of L. chrysanthus but the
fleshy fistulose stems longer and with the longer petioles (these to
16 cm. long) conspicuously long-villous as well as puberulent;
leaflets 7-9, to 6 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, oblong, abruptly acute or
apiculate, yellowish-green but subappressed short-villous both sides,

the marginal trichomes and those on the midnerve beneath elongate;
racemes 1.5-2 dm. long; bracts to about 10 mm. long, tardily decidu-
ous; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; flowers yellow, 13 mm. long, the upper
calyx lip bifid, the lower entire, both about 5 mm. long, softly villous;
banner obovate, reflexed, pubescent near tip, the wings 3-4 mm.
broad, the keel eciliate. Evidently from clumps, the outer stems
about 1.5 dm. long, ascending from a subprostrate base. Smith
describes the bracts as deciduous, 4-6 mm. long.
Cuzco: La Raya, on rock ledges in cascade, 4,400 meters, Pen-
nell13516, type. Arequipa: At about 4,500 meters, Weberbauer
6874 (pubescence dense).
Lupinus cymboides C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 265. 1941. L.

sericeolodix C. P. Smith, I.e.266.
Herbaceous hollow-stemmed perennial, the stems, at least above,
closely to loosely silvery sericeous, erect or suberect, 6-8 dm. high,
somewhat branched; stipules 10-15 mm. long; petioles 10-18 cm.
long or those of the stems above scarcely half as long; leaflets 7-10,
to 5.5 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, oblong-oblanceolate, shortly acute,
mostly flat, glabrous above, green but appressed-sericeous with
short trichomes beneath; racemes 1-2 dm. long, the flowers scarcely
crowded but the 6-12 verticils poorly defined; bracts 7-8 mm. long,
narrowly ovate, acuminate, persisting, the densely spreading or sub-
FLORA OF PERU 477
appressed villous pedicels nearly as long; flowers 15 mm. long; upper

calyx lip bifid, 5-6 mm. long, the lower 8-10 mm. long, entire or
tridentate, subsaccate, reflexing; banner obovate, pubescent, the
wings 5-6 mm. broad, the keel obscurely if at all ciliate; ovules 4
or 5; pods 3.5 cm. long, nearly 10 mm. broad, sericeous. Smith
describes the Ledig plant calyx lip entire but it is actually bifid.
According to the collector the banner is pinkish-blue, yellow at
center, the wings and keel pink, the latter purple at tip. Cf. L.
macrostachys Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 342. 1907 (Dec.),
not Rydb.
Junin: Near Huancayo, 3,300 meters, open rocky hillsides,
Killip &Smith 22139, type. Acopalca Canyon near Huancayo,
Ledig 19 (type, L. sericeolodix) Weberbauer 6527. Bolivia?
;
Lupinus disjunctus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 284. 1941.
Erect, branching, ligneous below, 6-8 dm. high, the slender

solid stems glabrous or glabrate; stipules about 5 mm. long, linear;
petioles 3-3.5 cm. long, with 6-7 acute or obtuse oblong-oblanceolate
flat leaflets to 4 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, green and glabrous and
glabrate both sides, sometimes broadest at the middle; peduncles

and racemes about a dm. long; bracts 3-4 mm. long, linear-lanceo-
late, deciduous, the ascending-pubescent pedicels as long; flowers
about 2 mm. long; calyces appressed-sericeous, somewhat gibbous,
the upper lip about 5 mm. long, bifid with slender teeth, the lower
reflexing, tridentate,7-8 mm. long; banner suborbiculate, nearly
glabrous, the wings about 5 mm. long, the keel eciliate. Suggests
according to Smith L. laxiflorus and relatives of northwestern North
America; resembles vegetatively L. Albertsmithianus but the apex
of banner is not widely reflexed.
Junin: Huacapistana, open hillsides, Killip & Smith 24237, type.
Lupinus Dorae C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 271. 1941.
Low, branched shrub, the minutely appressed pubescent prostrate

stems 4-8 cm. long; stipules 1-2 mm. long; petioles 10-15 mm. long;
broadly oblanceolate, obtuse, conduplicate, to 5 mm.
leaflets 5-9,
long,about 1 mm. broad; peduncles 2-5 cm. long, slender, the erect
racemes 4-6 cm. long with 5-7 distinct verticils; bracts 3 mm. long,
lanceolate, deciduous, the pedicels scarcely a third as long; flowers
about 10 mm. long; calyces green but appressed white sericeous, the
upper lip bifid, 2-3 mm. long, the subequal lower entire or minutely
tridentate; banner suborbiculate, yellow medially and apically,
the wings to 4 mm. broad, the keel as to type ciliolate; pods (im-
mature) 12 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, appressed-sericeous. Appar-
ently resembles L. Gilbertianus, the keel typically eciliate, or the
Vargas collections could be referred there as they, at least, are
doubtfully separable.
Apurimac: Prov. Abancay, in puna, 4,000 meters, Vargas9815
(det. Standl., L. microphyllus}. Cuzco: Sulcan, 4,000 meters, Vargas
885 (det. Standl., L. microphyllus). Puno: Santa Rosa, (Dora Staf-
ford 307, type).
Lupinus Ellsworthianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 159. 1940.

Erect shrub 6-9 dm. high, the slender suberect stems minutely
appressed pubescent; stipules 5 mm. long; petioles slender, 3-5 cm.
long with oblong-oblanceolate obtuse mucronulate leaflets, glabrous
above, subsericeous beneath to 3.5 cm. long, 10 mm. broad; peduncles
6-8 cm. long, the much longer racemes with 12 or more verticils;
bracts persisting, subulate, 4-6 mm. long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long,
densely appressed-pubescent; flowers 10-12 mm. long, the laxly
appressed-sericeous calyces with upper lip bidentate; banner
pubescent near the white tip, medially yellow, the wings blue, the
keel greenish-white, ciliolate; ovules 6; pods to 4 cm. long, 10 cm.
broad, the seeds 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad. Name originally
spelled "Elsworthianus," no doubt by typographical error, and
therefore to be corrected. Cf. L. Albertsmithianus.
Junin: Carpapata, above Huacapistana, open hillside, Ellsworth
P. Killip & A. C. Smith 24338, type.
Lupinus eriocladus Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 549. 1906; 177.

L. punensis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 177. 1940.
Shrub 6-8 dm. high, the branches and leaflets both sides densely
tomentose-villous, the trichomes at least in part spreading; stipules
5-8 mm. long; petioles 1-1.5 (2) cm. long; leaflets broadly elliptic,
flat, to 2 cm. long, 9 mm. broad peduncles short, the elongate racemes
;
rather laxly flowered; bracts about 7 mm. long, subpersisting;

pedicels 5-8 mm. long, spreading-pubescent; flowers about 13 mm.
long, the calyces laxly pubescent, the upper lip bidentate, 4-5 mm .
long,
the lower entire, about as long; banner suborbiculate, pubes-
cent, the wings 6 mm. broad, the keel eciliate; ovules 4-6; pods to
2 cm. long, about 6 mm. broad, densely subappressed-villous. The
pubescence is less spreading on the Soukup specimens. F.M. Neg.
1984.
FLORA OF PERU 479
Arequipa: Near Airampal, 3,000 meters, Weberbauer 1397, type;

130. Puno: Orurillo, Soukup 578. Araranca, 4,100 meters, Cook &
Gilbert 184 (type, L. punensis).
Lupinus exochus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 291. 1941.

Erect branching shrub to 12 dm. high, the slender solid stems
subsericeous, the numerous leaves green but sericeous-pubescent
both sides; stipules 1.5-2 cm. long; petioles becoming 4-6 cm. long;
leaflets 6-7, oblanceolate, acute, the larger flat, 4-6 cm. long, 7 mm.
broad; peduncles to 8 cm. long, the racemes to twice as long with

6 or 7 distinct verticils; bracts oblong-aristate, deciduous; flowers
about 16 mm. long; both calyx lips entire, the upper nearly 7 mm.
long, the lower 10-12 mm. long; banner suborbiculate, pubescent,
the wings about 7 mm. broad, the keel eciliate.
Lima: Rio Blanco, open hillsides, Killip & Smith 21724, type;
also 21582 and 21727.
Lupinus Fieldii Rose ex Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 94. 1930;

267. L. yaulyensis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 264. 1941 (?).
Herbaceous perennial, the peduncles terminal on short stout

tufted densely leafy stems, at least the exterior prostrate-ascending;
pubescence of the stems, petioles and peduncles densely villous-
tomentose, that of the leaflets appressed-sericeous on both surfaces;
petioles to about 1 dm. long; leaflets mostly 9-11, to 4 cm. long, 6
mm. broad, oblanceolate; racemes to 2 dm. long, the persisting bracts
ovate at base, caudately subulate, shortly villous, 6-8 mm. long;
pedicels 1.5-2 mm. long; upper calyx lip bifid, the divisions about
4 mm. long, the lower entire or sometimes minutely tridentate;
flowers lilac, the banner nearly 12 mm. long, more or less pilose, the
wings 3-4 mm. broad, the keel eciliate; pods densely rusty- villous,
2 cm. long, 8 mm. broad. From description the plant of Smith
seems to be a variety, the leaflets 6-8, to 3 cm. long, 5 mm. broad;
the author has by typographical error spelled the name "yanlyensis" ;
he also cites the well-known locality as "Yanli." The plant was dedi-
cated to Marshall Field, who financed the expedition upon which it
was obtained. The fragrant flowers are a light pink-purple, the
banner with a yellow blotch, the foliage ill-scented.
Junin: Near Yauli, small lake, (Weberbauer 351, type, L. yau-
lyensis; also 2576). Morococha, steep short-grass slope, 4,000
meters, 876, type.
Lupinus Franciswhittieri C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 282. 1941.

Herbaceous probably short-lived perennial with erect or decum-
bent more or less villous stems, 2-3 dm. long; stipules 6-10 mm.
long; petioles 3-5 cm. long, somewhat villous as the leaflets beneath
at least marginally, these glabrous above, narrowly oblanceolate,
mostly conduplicate, to 4 cm. long, 8 mm. broad; peduncles 6-10
cm. long, the rather laxly flowered racemes about as long; pedicels
2 mm. long, spreading-pubescent; flowers 10-12 mm. long; calyces
appressed-subsericeous, the upper lip bifid, about 3 mm. long, the
lower slightly longer, entire, arcuately reflexed; banner suborbic-
ulate, glabrous, the wings 4 mm. broad, the keel eciliate. The
author described the plant as annual or biennial, writing the name
"Francis-Whittieri." He refers here my 4079 with nodose roots,
which is probably L. Lindleyanus.
Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3,000 meters, Francis Whittier
Pennell 14114, type; 14116.
Lupinus Gaudichaudianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 289. 1941.
Annual, erect, branched above the base, 2-4 dm. high, the thick
subfistulose stems strongly nervose, lanuginose and villous; petioles
3-8 cm. long; leaflets 7-9, to 3 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, oblanceolate,
acute or obtuse, flat, glabrous above, glabrate beneath; pedicels 3-6
cm. long, the racemes about as long; bracts typically deciduous,
5-6 mm. long, villous as the half as long pedicels; flowers 8-12 mm.
long; upper calyx lip 3-5 mm. long, bidentate, the slightly longer
lower one entire; banner suborbicular, glabrous, the wings 5-6 mm.
broad, the keel ciliate. The var. Martinetianus C. P. Smith has
lanuginose and sublanate stems, persisting bracts. The author
records with doubt the locality of the Martinet specimen as "Chola"
but no such place is listed in Stiglich, Diccionario Geografico del
Peru, Lima, 1922.
Lima: Callao, (Gaudichaud, type). Locality doubtful, (Martinet
327, type, var.).
Lupinus Gayanus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 173. 1940.

Shrub with slender minutely tomentose appressed-subsericeous
stems, the internodes about 3 cm. long; leaflets densely silvery
sericeous both sides, sublanceolate, rounded at tip, mucronulate,
flat, 4.5 cm. long, 12 mm. broad; petioles about 4 cm. long; stipules
8-10 mm. long; peduncles to 6 cm. long, the racemes twice as long
or longer with many verticils; bracts lanceolate, 5 mm. long, cadu-
FLORA OF PERU 481
cous; pedicels appressed-pubescent, 4-6 mm. long; flowers about 14

mm. long; upper calyx lip bidentate, 4 mm. long, the lower entire,
6 mm. long; banner suborbiculate, obscurely and sparsely pubescent
near tip, the wings broad, the keel eciliate. Apparently scarcely
distinct from L. Ulbrichianus.
Cuzco: Locality unknown, (Gay, type).
Lupinus Gilbertianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 276. 1941.

L. subumbellatus C. P. Smith, I.e. 270. 1941.
Low somewhat suffruticose perennial, the slender decumbent

or suberect stems sometimes about 1 dm. long, glabrate or early
slightly appressed strigose; petioles filiform, 1-3.5 cm. long, some-
times persisting after the leaflets fall, these to 12 mm. long, 3 mm.
broad, in age often flat, glabrate or glabrous at least above,
slightly sericeous-pubescent beneath; peduncles 1.5-3 cm. long, the
racemes with 1-3 separate or crowded verticils, the usually subsessile
flowers 8 (6)-10 mm. long; upper calyx lip bifid, about 3 mm. long,
the lower 4 mm. long, entire; keel eciliate; banner obovate; ovules
5 (3-4); pods 12-15 mm. Smith notes that his diagnosis of
long.
L. subumbellatus is from photographs; the flowers are de-
largely
scribed as only 5-6 mm. long, ovules 3 or 4 but otherwise the charac-
ters are essentially the same and Smith himself has cited the type
collection under L. Gilbertianus, probably an earlier disposition. If
distinct from L. prostratus the name honoring a collector may be
the one retained (granting L. subumbellatus is not separable) in
spite of page precedence of the latter, this not being significant
since the publication date is the same. Cf also L. sarmentosus.
.
Ancash: Ocros to Paso Chonta, (Weberbauer 2791}. Lima:

Culnai to Casa Cancha, (Wilkes Exped. det. Gray, L. prostratus).
Junin: Yauli, (Weberbauer 340). La Oroya, Kalenborn 63, part.
Rio Blanco, 798 (det. Smith, L. chlorolepis; Rose, L. prostratus).
Ayacucho: Pampalca, open hillside, 3,200 meters, (Killip & Smith
22233). Cuzco: Prov. Canas, 3,900 meters, Vargas 11001 (stems
villous, flowers pedicellate). Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3,500 meters,
open grassy slopes, Pennell 14160 (det. Smith, pedicels 1-2 mm.
long). Puno: Ayapata, (Lechler 1842, type). Locality unknown,
4,100 meters, Weberbauer 6627 (toward L. chlorolepis). Without
locality, (Soukup 1176).
Lupinus Goodspeedii Macbr., spec. nov.

Suffruticosus 1-1.5 m. altus; caulibus conspicue cum pilis
patentibus longo-villosis etiam dense sericeo-strigillosis vel lanatis;
stipulis adpresse sericeis anguste lanceolatis acuminatis ad 2 cm.

longis; petiolis 2.5-4 cm.longis, longe vaginantibus; foliolis con-
duplicatis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis ad 4 cm. longis, 6 mm. latis
subtus dense adpresseque argenteo-sericeis supra glabratis vel
demum glabris; pedunculis ad 1 dm. longis; pedicellis 5-6 mm. longis
patente villosis; bracteis caduceis ovato-caudatis fere 10 mm. longis;
calycis sericeo-villosis ut videtur ebracteolati labio superiore bre-
viter bidentato 8 mm. longo, inferiore integro reflexo circa 8 mm.
longo; floribus fere 15 mm. longis, vexillum valde reflexum leviter
pubescens, alae 6-7 mm. latae, carina eciliata. Apparently, as
species have been designated in this genus, not exactly like any
form described from Peru, in pubescence perhaps simulating L.
Staffordiaeand L. Munzianus but the leaflets glabrous or nearly
glabrous above as in L. paniculatus and its related forms or races.
Found along stone walls (the flowers dark blue, the banner with
a golden yellow area) by the collectors associated with Dr. T. H.
Goodspeed, the well-known Director of the Botanical Garden of the
University of California, whose book "Plant Hunters in the Andes"
describes, botanically and otherwise, the Peruvian scene, the locality
of this Lupine, pages 52-54.
Libertad: Santiago de Chuco, 3,150 meters, Stork & Horton

9944, type.
Lupinus hamaticalyx C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 166. 1940.

Branched shrub, the stems minutely appressed-pubescent, the
numerous green leaves glabrous above, scarcely subsericeous be-
neath; stipules only 2-3 mm. long; petioles filiform, appressed-
pubescent, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, with 5-6 cuneate or oblanceolate acute,
obtuse and apiculate leaflets, 1.5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad; peduncles
slender, the somewhat longer racemes with 3-5 distinct verticils;
bracts linear, 5 mm.
long, deciduous; pedicels appressed-pubescent,
2-4 mm. long; flowers 12-14 mm. long; lower calyx lip entire, 5-7
mm. long, in anthesis incurved over the upper lip, this bidentate,
4-5 mm. long; banner suborbiculate, glabrous, the wings to 6 mm.
broad, the keel eciliate. Description is accompanied by a drawing
of the calyx.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Mathews, type).
Lupinus Herreranus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 293. 1941.

Erect branched shrub to several dm. high, the slender stems
appressed sericeous as the leaflets on both sides, these oblanceolate,
FLORA OF PERU 483
obtuse, to 2.5 cm. long in type, 4-5 mm. wide, conduplicate; petioles
2-3.5 cm. long; stipules to 8 mm. long, linear; peduncles 5-8 cm.
long, the racemes as long; bracts aristate, 6-8 mm. long, deciduous;
pedicels 4-5 mm.long, appressed sericeous; flowers 10-12 mm. long;
upper calyx tooth bidentate, about 4 mm. long, the lower entire,
5-6 mm. long; banner densely pilose near tip with medial yellow
spot, the keel eciliate; ovules 5 or 6; pods 3-3.5 cm. long, 8 mm.
broad, densely villous.
Cuzco: Urubamba Valley, Hacienda Fanccac, 2,760 meters,
Herrera 2093, type.
Lupinus Hinkleyorum C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 182. 1940.
Erect, branched, dm. high, the slender solid stems,

several
petioles and leaves strikingly villous, the trichomes widely divari-
cate; stipules 8-10 mm. long; petioles 3-4 cm. long with 5-8 oblong
linear acute leaflets, to 22 mm. long, 4 mm. broad; peduncles to
5 cm. long, the much longer racemes with 10-12 verticils of blue
flowers, these about 12 mm. long; bracts about 6 mm. long, ovate-
lanceolate, aristate; pedicels 4-6 mm. long, spreading-pubescent as
the calyces, the ovate upper lip of these bidentate, 3 mm. long, the
lower entire, 5 mm. long; banner suborbiculate, pubescent near tip,
the wings broad, the keel eciliate. Perhaps allied to L. bracteolaris
Desr. of southern South America and L. tominensis Wedd. Chlor.
And. 2: 251. 1857 of Bolivia if distinct from the latter.
Arequipa: Chachani Mountain, 2,440 meters, (Mr. & Mrs. F. E.
Hinkley 12, type). Near Arequipa, Werner Hopp 17. "Esquera."
Lupinus Hornemanni Agardh, Syn. Gen. Lupin. 22. 1835; 157.
Suffrutescent, tall, the branches soon glabrous or early finely

spreading puberulent as the leaflets beneath, these 7-10, narrowly
oblanceolate, acute, to 6.5 cm. long, 10 mm. broad, glabrous above,
the minutely sublanate petioles 7-10 cm. long; stipules deciduous,
free, subulate, 3-7 mm. long; peduncles about 1 dm. long, the racemes
2 to 3 times longer with more than 10 verticils; bracts subulate,
deciduous, to about 15 mm. long, the pedicels 7-10 mm. long,
densely sublanate; flowers about 17 mm. long; upper calyx lip
bidentate to 8 mm. long, the lower entire, about 10 mm. long;
banner pubescent, the wings 10 mm. broad, the keel eciliate.
Agardh described the plant as herbaceous, the pods as densely
tomentose. My 3949, less pubescent, scarcely woody below, was
included by Smith in L. Macbrideanus; it is probably distinct.
Weberbauer 5573, determined by Smith as L. Wilkesianus, seems to be

a more puberulent-villous state of this species or is possibly separable.
L. pendentiflorus C. P. Smith, 158, presumably of Ecuador, is appar-
ently similar but the pedicels are "minutely appressed-pubescent."
L. semperflorens Hartw. of Ecuador has pubescent banner, bracteo-
late calyx, short bracts, more pubescent leaflets; L. arvensis Benth.,
also Ecuadorean, has smaller leaflets, densely sericeous beneath
and much shorter pedicels.
Huanuco: Muna, sunny brush lands, 3949. Junin: Paltarumi,
Prov. Huancayo, (Mathews 923, type). Ayacucho: Near Huanta,
Killip & Smith 22345. Tambo to Rio Apurimac, Weberbauer 5573.
Huanacabra, (Mathews 922). Cuzco: Hills of Saxaihuaman, (Her-
rera 730). Near Cuzco, (Weberbauer 4853; Seler 177; Herrera 57,
in part, this number also L. alimanens). Cerro de Cusilluyoc,
Pennell 13892; 14113. Ecuador.
Lupinus huaronensis Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 95. 1930; 261.

With the habit of L. Weberbaueri but somewhat smaller and the
villous trichomes shorter or nearly lacking; leaflets 8-13, the larger
about 5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, green but moderately appressed-
pilose both sides; petioles 1-1.5 dm. long, short-pubescent; stipules
about 1.5 cm. long; peduncles more or less developed, sometimes
leafy, continuing from the stem, the racemes 2-2.5 dm. long; bracts
linear-subulate, 12 mm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; upper calyx
lip deeply bifid, the lower entire or emarginate, nearly 8 mm. long;
flowers to 14 mm. long, the white banner glabrous, shortly exceeded
by the deep lilac keel and petal, the former eciliate; pods softly
villous, 15 mm. long, about 10 mm. broad. The var. pascoensis, I.e.
96, has stipules 3.5 cm. long, bracts 15-17 mm. long, the lower calyx
lip tridentate, the flowers paler. Smith remarks that he had originally
included this form with the type, which is probably the correct dis-
position, the variation being inconsequential. L. Herzogii Ulbrich,
Meded. Rijks Herb. Leiden 27: 45. 1915, Bolivian, might be sought
here; it has 7 linear-lanceolate leaflets, about 4 cm. long, 5 mm.
broad, and seems to be very closely related.
Junin: Banos, (Wilkes Exped. fide Smith). Huaron, 1141, type.
La Oroya, (Kalenborn 63 A). Near Huancayo, 4,700 meters, Kil-
lip & Smith 22071. Cerro de Pasco, 3056, type, var.
Lupinus Jelskianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 175. 1940.
Shrub, the branches more or less nodose below the current leaves,
these abundant, silvery-sericeous, especially beneath (or in dried
FLORA OF PERU 485
specimens the trichomes fulvous) stipules sericeous, 10-15 mm. long;

;
petioles rarely 2.5 cm. long with 6-8 oblanceolate acutely cuspidate
leaflets, the larger to 17 cm. long, 4 mm. broad; peduncles 2-3 cm.
long, the racemes probably not much longer; bracts deciduous,
linear-aristate, 10-15 mm. long, conspicuous above the buds; pedi-
cels appressed-pubescent, 2-3 mm. long; flowers probably about
12 mm. long; bractlets 2 mm. long; upper calyx lip entire, 7-8 mm.
long; banner suborbiculate, pubescent near the tip, apparently 10
mm. broad. The type has only incompletely developed flowers.
Szyszylowicz had indicated it in herb, as a new variety of L. panic-
ulatus. My 1555 referred by Smith to his L. Holwayorum appar-
ently rather belongs here because the calyx lips are both entire.
F.M. Neg. 1994.
Cajamarca: Vicinity of Cutervo, Jelski 211, type. Huanuco:
Mito, sunny rocky slope, 1555 (det. Smith, L. Holwayorum).
Lima: Chicla, Rose & Rose 18682 (det. Smith, L. Holwayorum).
Lupinus juninensis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 278. 1941.

Half shrub, the more or less herbaceous subsericeous branchlets
lax or spreading, the long (4-6 cm.) petioled leaves green but
minutely appressed-sericeous both sides; leaflets 5-7, oblong-
elliptic, rounded at tip or subacute, to 4 cm. long, 10 mm. broad;
peduncles 6-10 cm. long, the racemes a little longer with many more
or less remote verticils; bracts narrowly lanceolate, promptly cadu-
cous, 3 mm. long; pedicels 1-2 mm. long, spreading villous; flowers
about 11 mm. long, the calyces subappressed-sericeous with upper
lip bifid, about 4 mm. long, the lower entire, 5-6 mm. long; banner
pubescent, the wings broad, the keel eciliate or ciliate; ovules 5;
pods 2.5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, subappressed-pubescent, the seeds
3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, whitish with purplish marks and a poorly
defined darker diagonal line. As most of my collections, the species
had been given a herbarium name by Rose.
Huanuco: Yanahuanca, shrubby slopes, 1169. Junin: Huariaca,
3,000 meters, 3119, type. Locality unknown, (BoydEhle).
Lupinus Kalenbornorum C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 266. 1941.

Erect herbaceous perennial, several dm. high, the rather slender
but fistulose stems inconspicuously appressed-pubescent with many
short and a few longer trichomes; upper petioles (the lower unknown)
4-12 cm. long; leaflets 7-9, to 5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, oblanceolate,
acute, flat, green and glabrate above, subsericeous beneath; pe-
duncles 3 cm. long, somewhat lanate, the racemes 1.5-2 dm. long
with 12-15 rather crowded verticils; bracts lanceolate, 4-5 mm.
long, persisting; pedicels 1-2 mm. long, spreading-pubescent;
flowers about 15 mm. long, the densely appressed-sericeous calyx
with upper bifid lip, the lanceolate teeth 4 mm. long, the subequal
lower lip entire; banner ovate, reflexed, about as long as the wings,
these 4-5 mm. broad, the keel eciliate. Killip has called my atten-
tion to the fact that the type number is cited by Smith also under
L. chlorolepis, which as to sheet in U. S. National Herbarium it
appears to be, judging from a scrap of that sheet which I have seen.
Junin: La Oroya, (Margaret & A. S. Kalenborn 63, type).
Lupinus Lechlerianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 184. 1940.

Herbaceous perennial or the numerous stems subligneous toward
the base, the short branches erect, subappressed-sericeous with
minute and some longer trichomes intermixed; stipules 5-6 mm.
long; petioles several to 7.5 cm. long with 5-7 flat oblong linear or
slightly oblanceolate acute leaflets, glabrate above, more or less
densely appressed-sericeous beneath, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 3 mm. broad;
peduncles 3-6 cm. long, the racemes about as long with 3-5 distinct
verticils; bracts persisting, lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, the pedicels
4-6 mm. long, subappressed-pubescent; flowers 6-8 mm. long;
both calyx lips entire, the upper 2 mm., the lower 3 mm. long; banner
suborbiculate, sericeous-pubescent, the wings about 4 mm. broad,
the keel eciliate; ovules 3; pods 14 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, laxly
but densely sericeous. The plant well developed forms dense
clumps. Nearly L. Bangii Rusby (see L. Oquendoanus) unless for
the longer pedicels.
Puno: Cordillera de Puno, (Lechler 1714, type). Arequipa:
North of Salamanca, 4,100 meters, Weberbauer 6852.
Lupinus Ledigianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 294. 1941.

Much branched silvery-pubescent shrub to 12 dm. high; stipules
about 10 mm. long; petioles 1.5-2 cm. long, slender, with 6-8 acute
or obtuse linear-oblanceolatemostly conduplicate leaflets, the
larger 2 cm. long, 3 mm.
broad; peduncles to 3 cm. long, the racemes
4-8 cm. long with 4-6 crowded verticils; bracts ovate, long-aristate,
more or less promptly deciduous, to 8 mm. long; pedicels 5-7 mm.
long, the dense soft pubescence spreading; flowers about 14 mm. long,
the calyces velutinous, both lips entire, the upper 5-6 mm., the lower
6-8 mm. long; banner suborbiculate, velutinous dorsally, the wings
FLORA OF PERU 487
6-8 mm.broad, the keel eciliate; pods probably 3 cm. long or

longer, 10 mm. broad, velutinous. Resembles L. brachypremnon,
L. tarapacensis, close relatives or forms of L. tomentosus.
Junin: Acopalca Canyon, Huancayo, dry hillside, PaulLedig 20,
type.
Lupinus Lindleyanus Agardh, Syn. Gen. Lupin. 9. 1835; 283.

L. matucanicus Ulbrich, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7: 452. 1920; 272.
Erect or suberect annual 2-6 dm. high, the more or less fistulose
villous stems usually branched; petioles 3-8 cm. long; leaflets typi-
cally 8-9, to 3 or 4 cm. long, 4-8 mm. broad, oblanceolate, acute,
flat,glabrous above, somewhat pilose beneath; peduncles 3-5 cm.
long, the racemes twice as long, scarcely exceeding the leaves; bracts
5-10 mm. long, linear, rather promptly caducous, loosely villous as
pedicels, these 1-2 mm. long; flowers 8-12 mm. long; upper calyx lip
3-4 mm. one entire or minutely
long, bifid, the slightly longer lower
tridentate; banner suborbicular, glabrous, the wings 3-4 mm. broad,
the keel ciliate; ovules 4-6; pods 3-4.5 cm. long, about 9 mm. broad.
Mathews 921 according to Smith is in some herbaria a variety of
L. matucanicus; it seems probable that only one somewhat variable
species is concerned and the description has been modified to include
L. matucanicus which represents specimens with leaflets to 4 mm.
wide, ovules 4-5. As Smith suggests, the plant is not clearly dis-
tinct specifically from L. bicolor Lindl. of California. An extreme
of L. Lindleyanus is var. fistulosus (C. P. Smith) Macbr., comb,
nov. (L. matucanicus var. fistulosus C. P. Smith, I.e. 273), leaflets
6-11, to 4 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, ovules 6.
Lima: Lurin, (Mathews 921). Near Lima, (Cuming 969; 992,
type). Below Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped. Huanuco: Yanahuanca,
1291(1} (det. Smith, L. chlorolepis) Muna, 4079 (det. Smith, L.
.
Franciswhittieri) Huancavelica Below Colcabamba, 2,200 meters,

. :
Weberbauer 6442, var.
Lupinus Lobbianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 179. 1940.

Low shrub, the slender stems inconspicuously appressed-sericeous,
the many leaves glabrous above, subsericeous beneath; stipules
to 10 mm. long; petioles 4-6 cm. long, with 5-7 linear very acute
leaflets, the older flat, to nearly 3 cm. long, 3 mm. broad; peduncles
to 3 cm. long, the racemes to 12 cm. long with 6 distinct verticils;
bracts linear-subulate to 12 mm. long, persisting; pedicels 2-3 mm.
long, spreading-pubescent; flowers about 13 mm. long; calyces
appressed-sericeous, the upper lip bidentate, 6 mm. long, the lower

subarcuate, nearly or quite as long; banner suborbiculate, pubescent
near tip, the wings 5 mm. broad, the keel eciliate. Named for
William Lobb of England who died in San Francisco in 1863; his
known, the species may not be Peruvian.
itinerary being imperfectly
Peru(?): Locality unknown, (Lobb, type).
Lupinus lorenzensis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 280. 1941.

An erect unbranched annual, 2-4 dm. high, the slender solid stem
spreading- villous; petioles 4-8 cm. long; leaflets 8-11, to 3.5 cm.
long, 6 mm. broad, oblanceolate or spathulate, flat, glabrate above,
somewhat villous beneath; peduncles 3-5 cm. long, the slightly
longer racemes not or barely exceeding the leaves; bracts deciduous
or subpersisting; pedicels 2 mm. long; flowers 8-12 mm. long,
scarcely verticillate; upper calyx lip bifid or cleft, 2-3 mm. long, the
lower obscurely tridentate; banner suborbiculate, glabrous, the wings
3-5 mm. broad, the keel densely ciliate medially to tip.
Lima: San Lorenzo and Lima, (Gaudichaud, type).
Lupinus Macbrideanus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 159. 1940.

Arborescent at least in age, the hollow branchlets soon glabrate;
stipules lanceolate, long-aristate, to 7 mm. long; petioles 1-2 cm.
long, with 5-7 oblong-elliptic leaflets, rounded at tip, obscurely
mucronate, to 2.5 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, dark green and glabrous
above, paler and finely appressed-sericeous beneath, glabrate in age;
peduncles a cm. or two long, subappressed-strigose, the racemes 2 or
3 times longer with about 6 poorly defined verticils; bracts lanceo-
late-aristate, 6 mm. long, caducous; pedicels 3, scarcely 4 mm. long,
subappressed-pubescent; flowers 12 mm. long; calyces appressed-
sericeous, the shortly bidentate upper lip 5 mm. long, the narrower
lower one to 7 mm. long, entire; banner suborbiculate, lightly pubes-
cent near the tip, medially white, the wings about 5 mm. broad,
the keel eciliate; ovules 4 or 5; pods to 4 cm. long, 1 cm. broad,
finely and scarcely densely appressed-sericeous, the seeds 6 mm.
long, 4 mm. broad, deep brown with a few paler blotches and one
dark line on each side below the middle. This description is from
the original collection in Field Museum; the author includes here,
perhaps rightly, my 3949 from Mufia with the habit and appearance
of L. mutabilis, scarcely woody even at base, the petioles 6-8 cm.
long; leaflets to 5 cm. long, 15 mm. broad, merely puberulent
beneath, the racemes elongate, the verticils remote, the pedicels at
FLORA OF PERU 489
least 5 mm. long, the short pubescence spreading, the pods to

4 cm. long, 12 mm. wide, the seeds 6 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, the
upper half brownish, densely mottled with white, the lower portion
dark-colored; it seems to me to belong to L. Hornemanni but these
differences of course may be included within the range of variation
of the species if distinct. Type was tree-like, about 2 meters high.
The name was spelled by the author "Macbrideianus," corrected
however as above by him I.e. 288 and also in his key.
Huanuco: Cani, near Mito, edge of stream thicket, 3464, type.
Junin: Huacapistana, (Weberbauer 1965}. Puno: Sandia, (Weber-
bauer 673).
Lupinus malacotrichus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 263. 1941.
Apparently from description scarcely distinguishable from L.

Kalenbornorum and like it very similar to L. Fieldii, but the inflo-
rescence pubescence appressed-sericeous, that of the pedicels laxly
so; leaflets to 4 cm. long, 7 mm. broad (or much larger?); peduncles
6-8 cm. long, the racemes somewhat longer; banner suborbiculate,
about 10 mm. broad, densely pubescent above the middle; ovules 3
or 4; pods 2 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, closely reddish-yellow villous.
The author suggests the locality as probably "Huaytara" in
Huancavelica. Here would key Herrera 2335 which however has
petioles to 2 dm. long, leaflets to 6 cm. long, 15 mm. wide, banner less
pubescent.
Peru (?): Cordillera Huagahara, 4,000 meters, (Pearce, type).
Cuzco: Hacienda Lauramarca, Valle del Paucartambo, 4,600 meters,
Herrera 2335 (cf. note above). "Quera-quera" (Herrera).
Lupinus Mathewsianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 162. 1940.
Shrub, a few dm. high, the woody stems minutely appressed-

pubescent; stipules subulate, 2-3 mm. long; petioles filiform with
5-6 cuneate-oblanceolate obtuse but strongly apiculate leaflets,
15-18 mm. long, glabrate above, subsericeous beneath; peduncles
2-4 cm. long, the racemes 3-10 cm. long with 5-6 widely separated
verticils; bracts deciduous or subpersisting, lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long,
scarcely longer than the slender laxly appressed-sericeous pedicels;
flowers 14 mm. long; upper calyx lip bidentate, 3-4 mm. long, the
lower entire, deflexing, arcuate; banner glabrous, suborbiculate, about
10 mm. broad, the wings half as broad, the keel ciliolate.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Mathews, type).
Lupinus microcarpus Sims, Bot. Mag. 50: pL 2413. 1823; 193.

Low annual 6-15 cm. high, branched at or near the base, the
short stems spreading- villous; petioles 3-8 cm. long, villous to gla-
brate; leaflets 7-9, glabrous above, somewhat villous beneath,
oblanceolate, conduplicate; peduncles 1-5 cm. long, the
acute,
racemes 3-7 cm. long, equaling or exceeding the leaves with 2-7
verticils; bracts 5-6 mm. long, persisting; pedicels 1-2 mm. long,
spreading-pubescent; flowers 7-12 mm. long; upper calyx lip biden-
tate, nearly2 mm. long, the lower bi- or tridentate, 6-7 mm. long;
banner glabrous, lanceolate, usually acute, the wings narrow, the
keel ciliate; ovules 2; pods 10-15 mm. long, ovate, pubescent. The
following collection determined by Smith is noteworthy as an
example of a common Chilean and Californian species occurring in
central Peru.
Lima: Between Matucana and Chanpothio, (Weberbauer 148;

169). Chile; California.
Lupinus microphyllus Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 625. 1791.
Depressed shrub, the more or less ligneous stems and branchlets

prostrate, forming rather loose mats and tangled in the accompany-
ing turf; flowering stems including the short or subcapitate racemes
commonly a few to 10 cm. long, the peduncles 1.5-3 cm. long, more
or less densely appressed-sericeous, this pubescence extending to
the calyces, these with upper lip bifid, lower entire; petioles 5-8 mm.
long; leaflets ordinarily 7-9, linear, conduplicate, 3-7
usually
mm. long, scarcely more than half a mm. broad, green but usually
with a few appressed trichomes, especially at the acute tips; bracts
lanceolate, persisting, about 3 mm. long; flowers subsessile, to 7
mm. long, the banner glabrous, obovate, the wings scarcely 3 mm.
broad, the keel eciliate; pods oval, acuminate, slightly sericeous-
tomentose, 12-16 mm. long. Type said to have been obtained in
Peru but apparently the species in typical form is known only from
Ecuador where the collector may well have obtained his specimen.
Here would be sought because of its small flowers L. humifusus
Benth. PI. Hartw. 169. 1857, but it has the habit and loose pubes-
cence and broader leaflets of L. prostratus et rels. F.M. Neg. 28154.
Junin: Mount La Juntay, near Huancayo, 4,700 meters, Killip
& Smith 22042. Huancavelica: West of Huancavelica, in puna,
3,900 meters, Stork & Horton 10847. Locality unknown (cf. note
above), Joseph de Jussieu, type. Ecuador.
FLORA OF PERU 491
Lupinus misticola Ulbrich, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7: 453.

1920; 285.
Herbaceous perennial a few dm. high, the short fleshy fistulose
minutely appressed stems tufted and assurgent-ascending as in
related species; petioles mostly 1-2 dm. long; leaflets 8-10, to 5
cm. long, 7 mm. broad, narrowly oblanceolate, at least the larger
flat, glabrous above, rather sparsely appressed-sericeous-villous
beneath; peduncles or stems becoming 2 dm. long, the densely
flowered racemes 10-15 cm. long; bracts persisting, 5 mm. long; pedi-
cels 4-8 mm. long, shortly spreading villous; flowers 12 mm. long;
upper calyx lip 3 mm. long, entire, the slightly longer lower ones
sometimes minutely tridentate; petals blue, the reflexed banner
medially yellow, pubescent dorsally, the wings 7-8 mm. broad, the
keel eciliate. Related to L. polyphyllus Lindl. of North America
(Smith). F.M. Neg. 1990.
Arequipa: Mt. Misti, sandy bunchgrass formation, Weberbauer
1423, type.
Lupinus mollendoensis Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 547. 1906; 278.
Annual, a few to 10 cm. high, the slender erect stems with few
if any branches, densely villous with long spreading trichomes,
these extending to the petioles and obovate leaflets especially
beneath; petioles 2.5-4 cm. long, the 8-11 obtuse leaflets to 15 mm.
long, 4 mm. broad; peduncles short, the racemes 1-2 cm. long with
2 to few flowers, these 9-11 mm. long on pedicels 2-3 mm. long;
upper calyx lip bifid, about 3 mm. long, the lower entire, 4-5 mm.
long; banner obcordate, emarginate, glabrous, strongly reflexed,
the wings 4 mm. broad, the keel eciliate; ovules 4 or 5; pods 2.5 cm.
long, 5-6 mm. broad. Species with facies of L. microcarpus but with
fewer flowers; a member of the "Micranthus Group" according to
Smith. F.M. Neg. 1991.
Arequipa: In the lower lomas near Mollendo, Weberbauer 1494,
type; 94, 144; (Stafford K22; 301}', Worth & Morrison 15763.
Lupinus montanus HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 478. 1824; 42.
Erect perennial to 8 dm. high, the fleshy fistulose nervose stems
6-10 mm. thick, glabrate or slightly lanate; stipules 5-9 cm. long,
the adnate portion 6-10 mm. broad, the free triangular tip 7-10
mm. long; petioles 10-15 cm. long, with 8-15 linear-oblanceolate
leaflets to 12 cm. long, 12 mm. broad; peduncles 5-20 cm. long, the
racemes about as long; bracts lanceolate, to 2 cm. long, 5 mm. broad,
deciduous; pedicels 5-10 mm. long, spreading-pubescent; flowers

about 15 mm. long; calyx lips lanceolate, acute, entire, the upper 5
mm., the lower 6 mm. long; banner glabrous, suborbiculate or narrower,
the wing 5-9 mm. broad, the keel eciliate; ovules 7-8; pods 4-5 cm.
long, about 1 cm. broad, villous or finally glabrate, the seeds about
4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad. The Peruvian plant according to Smith,
I.e. 285, is var. austrovolcanicum C. P. Smith, I.e. 90, the stems slen-
derer, the leaflets much smaller, at most 5 cm. long, the flowers
10-13 mm. long. Courtesy of Dr. Killip, I have seen a scrap and
photograph of the Peruvian collection by Dr. Ales Hrdlicka who has
kindly written me that the locality San Damian is near Matucana
and that the species unquestionably is Peruvian since in 1913 his
botanical collections were only from there. This therefore is another
example of a species from Central America being found in Peru.
Lima: Vicinity of San Damian, 2,400 to 3,000 meters, Jan. to
Feb. 1913, A. Hrdlicka. Central America.
Lupinus Munzianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 143. 1940.

Two to 4 dm. high, the simple or branched stems conspicuously
villous with long spreading trichomes; stipules 8-12 mm. long;
petioles2-4 cm. long, with 7-9 conduplicate acute leaflets to 2-5
cm. long, 4 mm. broad, appressed-villous-sericeous both sides;
peduncles to 1.5 dm. long, equaled by the many-flowered racemes;
bracts persisting or tardily deciduous, to 10 mm. long; pedicels
spreading-pubescent, 4-5 mm. long; upper calyx lip appressed-
sericeous, 3 mm. long, the lower densely villous, arcuately deflexed,
to 5 mm. long; banner broader than long, pubescent, the wings 5-6
mm. broad, the keel eciliate; ovules 4-8.
Arequipa: Quebrada de San Lazaro, above Arequipa, sandy bar,
Munz 15524, type.
Lupinus mutabilis Sweet, Brit. Fl. Card. 1, pt. 2: 130. 1825.
Erect annual with stout more or less fistulose glabrous or gla-

brate stems, branched above, often 10-15 dm. high; stipules decidu-
ous; petioles 4-8 cm. long; leaflets 6-8, oblanceolate, rounded or
obtuse or sometimes acute at tip, flat, glabrous or nearly both sides,
to 6 cm. long, 12 mm. broad; peduncles to 1 dm. long, the racemes
as long or twice as long; bracts caducous; pedicels 5-14 mm. long,
glabrous or minutely appressed-pubescent; flowers 18-20 mm.
long; calyx appressed-sericeous, the lips entire, the upper 7, the lower
8 mm. long; petals blue or white or the banner sometimes medially
FLORA OF PERU 493
yellow more or less dorsally, the wings very broad, the keel typically
ciliate; ovules 3-5; pods about 8 cm. long, 16 mm. broad, reticulate-
nerved, somewhat appressed-pubescent. Cultivated for the edible
black or white or black and white seeds which are placed in running
water for several days before being cooked, or soaked and the first
water used as an insecticide and fish poison. Much cultivated and
furnishes a food healthful and agreeable (Herrera).
Cajamarca: Above San Pablo, 2,500 meters, Weberbauer

3844; 257. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Mathews 1570}. Huanuco:
Near Huanuco, 1365; (Pearce 116}. Junin: Uspachaca, 1300.
Montaro Valley, Killip & Smith 22014- Pasco, Valley of Cainno,
(Cruckshanks, type, L. Cruckshanksii) .
Palca, (Weberbauer, 248).
Lima: Rio Blanco, 3,000 meters, Killip &Smith 21564- Cuzco:
Pisac, 3,800 meters, Weberbauer 6980. Ollantaytambo, 2,800 meters,
Cook & Gilbert 767. Oropeza, Herrera 901 Puno: Valley of Sandia,
.
grass steppe, (Weberbauer, 238). "Tarhui," "chochos."
Lupinus notabilis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 244. 1941.

Similar to L. Gayanus according to the author but leaflets 6-8,
pedicels 5-8mm. long and, especially, flowers 16-20 mm. long, both
calyx lips 7-8 mm. long; ovules 5-7; pods immature but 3 cm. long
to 10 mm. broad. The species probably should include also L.
soratensis Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 510. 1910.
Apurimac: Abancay, Balls 6899, type.
Lupinus Oquendoanus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 265. 1941.

Herbaceous perennial, tufted, the outer stems or branches
decumbent, all fleshy fistulose, strongly nervose, minutely lanugi-
nose; petioles 6-9 cm. long; leaflets 7-8, about 3 cm. long, 7 mm.
broad, oblanceolate, acute, flat or conduplicate, glabrate above or
subsericeous as also beneath; peduncles 4-5 cm. long; racemes
10-15 cm. long, exceeding the leaves; bracts 3-5 mm. long, decidu-
ous, the appressed sericeous pedicels 1 mm. long; flowers 10-12
mm. long; upper calyx lip probably bifid, the lower entire; banner
densely pubescent, suborbicular, the wings about 5 mm. broad, the
keel ciliate medially to tip. The author suggests that the species
is related toL. Bangii Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 3, no. 3: 17. 1893,
of adjacent Bolivia, and, ex character, it seems doubtfully distinct

from that species; the habit suggests L. cymboides.
Puno: (Oquendo 9, type).
Lupinus paniculatus Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 625. 1791; 101.
Shrub with minutely but densely lanuginose branchlets and

numerous leaves, glabrous above, finely subsericeous beneath;
stipules 3-10 mm. long; petioles 1.5-3 cm. long, the pubescence
like the branchlets, spreading; leaflets 5-8, acute or obtuse, narrowly
or broadly lanceolate to 2.5 cm. long, about 4 mm. broad; peduncles
2-6 cm. long, the much longer racemes with few-flowered verticils;
bracts linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, deciduous; pedicels 3-4
mm. long, spreading-pubescent; flowers 12-15 mm. long, the upper
lanceolate bidentate calyx lip 4 mm. long, the lower entire or mi-
nutely dentate, 5-6 mm. long; banner orbiculate, reflexed (fide Smith),
the wings broad, the keel eciliate. Cf L. Wilkesianus. The descrip-
.
tion as elsewhere after Smith who perhaps has drawn it at least in

part from a short-petioled, ciliate-keeled Venezuelan specimen by
Pittier which seems to be allied rather toL. bogotensis Benth., 161;
that species however has petioles ordinarily 4-7 cm. long, keel
ciliate. L. semperflorens Benth., 158, of Ecuador also has longer
petioles; the pedicels of the former species are 3-5 mm. long, those
of the latter 8-10.
Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Mathews). Huancavelica: Gravelly

hillsnorth of Pampas, Goodspeed 10244- Cuzco: Yucay, Soukup 745
(sens. lat.). Puno: Soukup 456 (L. Wilkesianus, if distinct). Local-
ity unknown, (Joseph Jussieu, type;Lobb 247; Maclean). "Ckera,"
"janckas-ckera," "pacha ckera."
Lupinus perblandus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 169. 1940.

Erect shrub to 12 dm. high, the slender branches inconspicu-
ously appressed-sericeous, themany leaves green but subsericeous
above, densely so beneath; stipules to 12 mm. long; petioles 2-3
cm. long with 6-9 linear conduplicate leaflets to 5 cm. long, 4 mm.
broad; peduncles to 6 cm. long, the racemes at least twice as long
with 10 or more verticils; bracts ovate at base, aristate above to
7 mm. long, or less persisting; flowers 10-12 mm. long, the ap-
more
pressed-sericeous calyx with entire upper lip, 3-4 mm. long, the
entire subequal lower one reflexing; banner suborbiculate, pubescent
near tip, the wing to 7 mm. long, the keel eciliate; ovules 5; pods
3 cm. long, 8 mm.
broad, yellowish lanate. Smith suggests that the
type locality apparently written "Huaghara" may be "Huaytara;"
on the other hand the locality may be in Ecuador.
Huancavelica(?) :
Huaytara, cf. note above, (Pearce, type).
FLORA OF PERU 495
Lupinus peru vianus Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 544. 1906; 275.
Depressed with more or less branched woody caudex, the pros-
trate-ascending stems and pedicels several to 8 cm. long, sub-
appressed or spreading sericeous- villous; petioles finally 2-3 cm.
long; leaflets 5-8, to 2 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, usually considerably
smaller, oblanceolate,mostly flat, subappressed-sericeous-villous
both sides; racemes 2-4 cm. long, the 3-6 verticils crowded; bracts
5-6 mm. long, deciduous; flowers subsessile, about 10 mm. long;
calyces subappressed- villous, the upper lip bifid, 4-5 mm. long, the
slightly longer one entire or minutely tridentate; banner ovate-
spathulate, glabrous, 8 mm. long, half as broad, suberect, the wings
scarcely 3 mm. broad, the keel eciliate; ovules 4. Killip & Smith
23352 as to Field Museum specimen has leaflets to 2 cm. long,
pubescence mostly appressed and seems to me to be doubtfully
referable here. The species apparently is allied to L. sarmentosus.
F.M. Neg. 1997.
Cajamarca: Above Hualgayoc, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 3980,
type. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Mathews 1569}. Junin: Near
Huancayo, 3,300 meters, Killip & Smith 23352; (also 22136 and
Ledig 56}. Ayacucho: Yanahuara Valley, Weberbauer 7596.
Lupinus Pickeringii Gray in U. S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 1: 392.
1854; 268.
Dwarf, depressed, the thick ligneous caudex simple or more or
less divided, the entire plant even to the calyces appressed-hirsute-
sericeous; petioles 1.5-4 cm. long, slender, more or less appressed-
pilose; leaflets 5-7, to 3-7 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, obovate,
the larger flat; peduncles with short subcapitate racemes, scarcely
as long as the longer leaves; bracts about 6 mm. long, lanceolate,
somewhat persisting; pedicels 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers 5-8 mm.
long, the upper lip of the calyx bifid, 3 mm. long, the lower lip
entire; banner narrow, as also the wings, the keel eciliate; ovules 3.
Lima: Rio Blanco, bunch-grass slopes, 147. Junin: Banos and
Culnai, Wilkes Exped., type.
Lupinus pinguis Ulbrich, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7: 452.

1920; 262.
Nearly acaulescent, the long-petioled leaves tufted and, at least
in the type, exceeding the long-peduncled racemes; pubescence of
the stems and petioles sparse, appressed-sericeous, similar but much
denser on the leaflets, especially beneath, these 9-12, to 5 cm. long, 10
cm. broad, obtuse but apiculate, flat, the petioles to 2 dm. long;
peduncles 5-7 cm. long, fleshy, the racemes as long or somewhat
longer; bracts 8-10 mm. long, persisting; flowers 11-12 mm. long;
pedicels densely sericeous-hirsute, stout, the lower 3-4 mm. long;
upper calyx lip bifid, the lower entire; banner strongly reflexed,
pubescent dorsally, the wings 4 mm. broad, the keel eciliate.
Flowers violet, the banner medially golden-yellow. L. brevicaulis
Griseb. has smaller flowers, the banner obscurely pubescent. F.M.
Neg. 1998.
Huancavelica: Apacheta, Prov. Castrovirreina, wet places,
bunch-grass formation, Weberfyauer 5458, type.
Lupinus Pipersmithianus Macbr., spec. nov.

Fruticosus ad 2 m. altus; caulibus breviter et molliter albo-
villosis; stipulis lineari-subulatis ad 10 mm. longis; petiolis 3.5-7
cm. longis; foliolis complanatis oblongo-ellipticis ubique acuminatis
ad 6 cm. longis, 11 mm. latis, membranaceis utrinque adpresse
cinereo-pilosis; pedunculis et racemis elongatis; pedicellis circa 8
mm. longis patente puberulis; bracteis caduceis anguste lanceolatis,
acuminato-aristulatis, 10 mm. longis; calycis subadpresse sericeo-
pubescentis ut videtur ebracteolati labio superiore bidentato circa
8 mm. longo, inferiore arcuato integro 10 mm. longo; floribus 17
mm. longis, vexillum leviter pubescens alae circa 8 mm. latae carina
eciliata. At least among Peruvian lupines this appears to be better
marked than most of the forms described as species; its nearly oblong
leaflets are grayish-green by the close appressed soft but not at all
silvery pubescence; its flowers suggest those of L. notabilis but the

pedicels are spreading pubescent and the leaflets acute at each end
as in the otherwise different L. exochus. A canescent bush, the flowers
deep blue with yellow and white pattern on keel (collectors).
Apurimac: Ampuy, edge of forest in shrub-land, 3,100 meters,
Goodspeed 10594, type.
Lupinus praealtus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 163. 1940.
Erect, tree-like, sometimes attaining nearly 3 meters, the many

branches finely and densely lanuginose, the many leaves green and
glabrous or glabrate above, subsericeous beneath; stipules 10 mm.
long or somewhat longer; petioles 2.5-3.5 cm. long with 7-8 sub-
oblanceolate acute leaflets to 3 cm. long, 6 mm. broad; peduncles
about 3 cm. long, the much longer racemes flowered, the bracts
deciduous; pedicels 4-6 mm. long, subappressed-pubescent; flowers
FLORA OF PERU 497
15 mm. long, subverticillate; upper calyx lip bidentate, lanceolate,

about 7 mm. long, the lower entire, 8-9 mm. long; banner suborbic-
ulate, lightly pubescent, the wings broad, the keel eciliate. Rose
had indicated in herbarium the type number, from a small tree
to 3 meters high, as new.
Lima: Canta, 3,100 meters, (Pennell 14611). Huanuco: Near
Huanuco, open bushy hillside, 2144, type. Cuzco: Saxaihuaman,
3,500 meters, (Pennell 13579).
Lupinus praetermissus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 183. 1940.
Shrub, the slender branches glabrate, the branchlets laxly

spreading, greenish but more or less appressed-hirsute; stipules
linear to 6 mm. long; petioles 2-3 (4) cm. long, slender with 5-8
linear-oblanceolate flat or early conduplicate acute leaflets, ap-
pressed-sericeous both sides, the larger to 18 mm. long, 3.5 mm.
broad; peduncles a cm. or two long, the racemes a little longer
with in type only 3-4 few-flowered verticils; bracts ovate, lanceolate,
aristate,4-5 mm. long, persisting; pedicels to 4 mm. long, the pubes-
cence spreading; flowers 10 mm. long, the villous-hirsute calyx with
bidentate upper lip, 3 mm. long, the lower apparently entire, 4-5
mm. long; banner suborbiculate, pubescent near tip, wings to 5 mm.
long, the keel typically eciliate. Type referred by Ulbrich to
L. paniculatus var. parviflorus Wedd. In Weberbauer 7598 the keel
is ciliate. Apparently this with L. Wilkesianus could readily be
included in L. paniculatus.
Ayacucho: Near Ayacucho, Weberbauer 5480, type. Yanahuara

Valley, grass steppe, Weberbauer 7598. Cuzco: Near Urcos, (Staf-
ford K74).
Lupinus prostratus Agardh, Syn. Gen. Lupin. 39. 1835; 270.
Low prostrate much-branched more or less congested shrub, the

stems 3-5 (10) cm. long, spreading pubescent with long trichomes or,
fide Smith, minutely villous; petioles 3-8 mm. long; leaflets 6-8, to
4 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad (or broader, fide author), condupli-
cate, the margins involute, glabrous above, pilose beneath or, fide
Smith, subsericeous both sides; peduncles 1.5-several cm. long,
subappressed-villous, the racemes capitate with 1 or 2 verticils;
bracts 3 mm. long, lanceolate; flowers 10 mm. long, subsessile;
calyces subappressed-villous, the upper lip bifid, about 3 mm.
long, the lower entire, 5 mm. long; banner narrowly ovate with a
few trichomes near the tip, the wings about 3 mm. broad, the keel
eciliate; ovules 4; pods 10 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, yellowish,

appressed-sericeous. Smith remarks that his description drawn
from the type specimen does not exactly agree with that of Agardh
(I have noted the principal discrepancies) and adds: "It seems odd that
we have seen no material which we can assign to this species."
As a matter of fact this is not at all odd in view of the narrow inter-
pretation by Smith of "species"; it is probably the alpine plant
smaller in all parts cf. at least L. chlorolepis and L. Gilbertianus.
Allied L. humifusus Benth. of the northern Andes to which Peru-

is
vian material has been referred, but it has smaller flowers.

Junin: Cerro de Pasco, (Mathews 684)- Without locality,
(Jussieu, type).
Lupinus pulvinaris Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 541. 1906; 258.

With cespitose pulvinate habit of L. conicus but the pubescence
subappressed and especially the petioles at most 2 cm. long, usually
much shorter; leaflets 2-6 mm. long, obovate; bracts 2-3 mm. long,
persisting; flowers sessile, 5-6 mm. long, the upper lip bifid, about
1 mm. long, the lower tridentate, twice as long; banner obovate,
glabrous, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, the wings scarcely 1.5 mm. broad,
the keel eciliate. F.M. Neg. 2000.
Puno: Sandia, 4,500 meters, Weberbauer 985, type; 219.
Lupinus ramosissimus Benth. PI. Hartw. 170. 1845; 154.

L. ambaticus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 287. 1941.
Branched shrub several to 12 dm. high, the branches minutely
appressed-subsericeous as the slender petioles and leaflets beneath,
the former 1.5-2.5 cm. long, the latter 2 to rarely 3 cm. long, 2-2.5
(3) mm.broad, glabrous above, oblong-linear, flat or conduplicate;
mm. long; peduncles 1-2 cm. long, the lax racemes
stipules linear, 2-3
with 4 or more verticils; bracts deciduous; pedicels 3 mm. long,
subappressed-sericeous; flowers 12-14 mm. long, the upper calyx
lip bidentate to 5 mm. long, the lower arcuate, entire, to 6 mm.
long; banner glabrous, broadly obovate, reflexed, the wings to 5
mm. broad, the keel eciliate or ciliolate; ovules 4-5; pods to 3 cm.
long, 8 mm. broad, moderately subappressed-sericeous. The Peru-
vian plant in part is var. ambaticus C. P. Smith, I.e. 147, the stipules
4-6 mm. long, leaflets glabrate above, racemes perhaps longer with
6-8 verticils, wings to 7 mm. broad, ovules 5-7. In accord with
Smith's drawing of specific lines, the plant is probably a "species."
F.M. Neg. 2001.
FLORA OF PERU 499
Lima: Puruchuca, (Mathews 1+79, in part, the typical form fide

Smith). Amazonas: Chachapoyas, (Mathews 1570}. Ecuador.
Lupinus Richard ianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 153. 1940.
Apparently ex character similar to L. visoensis but the petioles

10-15 mm. long, the leaflets to 15 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, con-
duplicate; peduncles slender, 3-5 cm. long, the racemes with 6-10
verticils, the aristate bracts persisting, 5-10 mm. long; pedicels 5-8
mm. long. Perhaps from Ecuador but the locality possibly, accord-
ing to Smith, Huaytara in Huancavelica.
Peru (?): (Richard Pearce, type).
Lupinus romasanus Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 546. 1906; 281.

Somewhat ligneous and branched, 3-6 dm. high, the spreading
ascending branches appressed-pubescent; stipules about 10 mm.
long; petioles 4-9 cm. long, subsericeous with appressed-villous tri-
chomes; leaflets 8-9, linear, acute, conduplicate, to 3 cm. long, 2 mm.
broad, densely sericeous- villous both sides; peduncles elongate,
as long or longer than the racemes, these with 5-8 distinct verticils;
bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long, deciduous; pedicels 2-4 mm.
long, appressed-pubescent; flowers 13-15 mm. long; upper calyx lip
bifid, about 5 mm. long, the lower slightly longer, lanceolate, entire,
reflexing; banner orbiculate, glabrous, the wings 4-5 mm. long, the
keel ciliolate; ovules 6. F.M. Neg. 2002.
Ancash: Pampa Romas, 3,000 meters, Weberbauer 3206, type.
Lupinus sarmentosus Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 626. 1791.
Apparently a sprawling or clambering half shrub, only the long,

soon glabrate flowering branchlets herbaceous; stipules persisting,
subulate, appressed-hirsute, 6-10 mm. long; petioles 1-3 cm. long,
subappressed-hirsute-sericeous; leaflets mostly 7-9, oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, 16-20 mm.long, 2-3 (4) mm. broad, sparsely
appressed-pilose-hirsute or glabrate above, paler and soon glabrous
beneath except the rather densely appressed-hirsute midnerve and
along the more or less revolute margins; peduncles several cm. long,
the racemes rather open to about 5 cm. long with 3 or 4 verticils of
flowers, these 7-10 (12) mm. long; bracts lanceolate, villous as the
calyces, the upper lip of these deeply bifid, the lower entire; pedicels
2-3 (5) mm. long, spreading- villous; banner glabrous, broadly
obovate, the wings 5-6 mm. broad, the keel eciliate. Description
in part from the Weberbauer collection which matches closely the
type except that the flowers (described as nearly those of L. bractio-

laris Desr., that is, 7-10 mm. long) and the pedicels are a little longer.
Apparently allied Ecuadorean species include L. Taurus Benth. PI.

Hartw. 128. 1843 and L. Smithianus Kunth, Mimoseae 177. pi. 51 .
1819, both little shrubs more closely branched, the leaves very short-
petioled, the revolute leaflets smaller. F.M. Neg. 28156.
Piura: Above Huancabamba, 3,000 meters, Weberbauer 6095.
Without locality, Joseph Jussieu, type.
Lupinus saxatilis Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 548. 1906; 180.

Half shrub forming low (2-3 dm.) clumps, the many short
branches minutely appressed-sericeous; stipules 7-10 mm. long;
petioles 2.5-7 cm. long, with 5-7 oblanceolate acute flat or con-
duplicate leaflets, glabrate above, subsericeous beneath, to 3 cm.
long, 6 mm. broad, mostly somewhat smaller; peduncles 2-5 cm. long,
the racemes slightly longer with 2-6 verticils; bracts persisting, linear-
lanceolate, 7-10 mm. long, equaled by the appressed-pubescent
pedicels; flowers about 8 mm. long; upper calyx lip bidentate, 4
mm. long, the lower slightly longer, entire; banner broader than
long, pubescent, reflexed, the wings about 9 mm. broad, the keel
eciliate; ovules 3-4; pods about 15 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, appressed-
sericeous. F.M. Neg. 2004.
Arequipa: Near Sumbay, in rocks, 3,800 meters, Weberbauer
1386, type. At Sumbay, 4,200 meters, Karl Schmidt.
Lupinus semiprostratus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 244. 1941.
Spreading shrub, the slender subsericeous, subdecumbent outer

branches 3-4 dm. long; petioles 2-5 cm. long; leaflets 5-8, oblanceo-
late, obtuse, glabrate above, to 3 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, appressed-
6-10 mm. long, linear-subulate;
villous sericeous beneath; stipules
peduncles to 8 cm. long, the racemes as long to 3 times longer with
as many as 8 verticils; bracts linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long,
villous, deciduous, the pedicels 3 mm. long, the pubescence ascend-
ing-appressed ; flowers about 12 mm. long; upper calyx lip deeply
bidentate, 6-8 mm. long, the scarcely longer lower lip entire or
tridentate; banner broad, glabrous or slightly ciliate at tip, the wings
4-5 mm. broad, the keel eciliate; ovules 3-5; pods at least 2 cm.
long, 6 mm. broad, spreading-pubescent. According to the collector,
flowers pink-purple to deep purple with white wing medially yellow,
the banner in age red. The type covered 2 dm. of ground, the stems
semiprostrate, matted. Nearly L. Cookianus but leaflets smaller,
FLORA OF PERU 501
glabrate or glabrous above. L. Rusbyanus C. P. Smith, I.e. 157.

1940, is similar, the bracts longer, the banner pubescent.
Cuzco: Huailabamba, Prov. Paucartambo, Balls 6735, type.
Lupinus Staffordiae C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 168. 1940.
Erect, at least 6 dm. high, the rather fleshy but solid stems
branched above and spreading white- villous; stipules 10-15 mm.
long; petioles 3-6 cm. long with 7-9 linear acute conduplicate
leaflets 3-5 cm.long, 6 mm. broad, coarsely white-sericeous
both sides; peduncles to 1 dm. long, the elongate racemes with linear-
lanceolate white villous bracts 5-7 mm. long; pedicels 5-8 mm. long,
spreading-pubescent; flowers 12-14 mm. long, the calyces villous,
the upper lip of these bidentate, 3-4 mm. long, the lower entire,
about as long; banner broader than long, pubescent near tip, the
wings 6 mm. broad, the keel eciliate.
Cuzco: Near Ursco, (Dora Stafford S.T.ll, type).
Lupinus sufferugineus Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 6: 510.

1910; 184.
Erect subherbaceous perennial 2-4 dm. high, the densely tomen-
tose stems often simple; stipules 8-10 mm. long; petioles 2-10 cm.
long with 6-8 oblanceolate obtuse sometimes flat leaflets to 3 cm.
long, 7 mm. broad, densely velvety sericeous both sides; peduncles
4 cm. long, the racemes much longer; bracts 10-12 mm. long,
lanceolate, subpersisting; pedicels about 2 mm. long, spreading-
pubescent; flowers 10 mm. long; calyx lips lanceolate, both 4 mm.
long, spreading-pubescent; banner suborbiculate, pubescent, the
wings about 4 mm. broad, the keel apparently eciliate; ovules 3;
pods 18 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, densely subappressed-pubescent.
Puno: Juliaca, Titicaca, R. S. Williams 2518, type.
Lupinus syriggedes C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 283. 1941.

Similar toL. Lindleyanus but more robust, 7-9 dm. high; leaflets
7-11, to 5.5 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, glabrate beneath; verticils 7-10,
the bracts caducous, the pedicels 2-3 mm. long; upper calyx lip
deeply bidentate; ovules 7-8; pods 3-3.5 cm. long. According to
the author near L. bicolor Lindl. and if so probably should be con-
sidered with L. Lindleyanus and its variety as part of a more practi-
cally drawn species-concept.
Lima: Rio Blanco, open hillside, Killip & Smith 21653, type.
Lupinus tarapacensis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 178. 1940.

Shrub a few dm. high, the slender branches minutely sericeous,
the leaves densely so both sides, the trichomes appressed; stipules
to 7 mm. long; petioles 1.5-3 cm. long; leaflets 6-7, elliptic-oblan-
ceolate, scarcely acute, conduplicate, to about 2.5 cm. long, 6 mm.
broad; peduncles 3 cm. long, the racemes several times longer with
as many as 10 verticils; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 5 mm. long, decidu-
ous; pedicels 5-8 mm. long, the pubescence spreading; flowers 13
mm. long, the upper calyx lip to 4 mm. long, deeply bidentate, the
subequal lower entire, not reflexed ; banner suborbiculate, somewhat
pubescent near tip, the wings broad, the keel eciliate. Weberbauer
6894, ex char., seems to belong here, the species apparently except
for the shorter petioles much like L. Gayanus, et rels.
Lima: Huamantanga, (Barclay}. Junin: Near Palca, (Weber-

bauer 2433}. Arequipa: Chivay, 4,000 meters, Weberbauer 6894-
Puno: Mountains of Puno, (Lechler 1569}. Chile.
Lupinus tomentosus DC. Prodr. 2: 409. 1825; 170.
Shrub, the branchlets densely sericeous tomentose, some of the

longer trichomes somewhat spreading stipules 1-2 cm. long, the linear-
;
lanceolate portion half as long; petioles pubescent like the

branchlets, 4-6 cm. long; leaflets 5-7, oblanceolate, acute or rounded
at tip, apiculate, to 4.5 cm. long, 10 mm. broad, densely appressed-
sericeous both sides; peduncles 3 to several cm. long, usually much
longer; racemes with many verticils; bracts lanceolate, promptly
deciduous, about 12 mm. long; rachis and pedicels densely short
spreading-villous, the latter 6-10 mm. long; flowers about 16 mm.
long or perhaps a little longer; upper calyx lip bidentate, 6 mm. long,
the lower entire, 7-8 mm. long; banner suborbiculate, pubescent,
the wings 8 mm. broad, the keel eciliate. Perhaps the Cook &
Gilbert specimen should be included in the segregate L. tarapacensis.
F.M. Neg. 6969.
Lima: Banos and Culnai, (WilkesExped. & Maclean, fide Gray).
Puno: Azangaro, Soukup 968 (sens. lat.). Locality unknown, ex
herb. Lagasca, probably Nee, type. Cuzco: Ollantaytambo, Cook
& Gilbert 410 (det. Smith, L. Holwayorum). "Oquero."
Lupinus toratensis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 179. 1940.

Shrub about 5 dm. high, the appressed sericeous branchlets lax
or curved, the crowded leaves densely silvery sericeous both sides;
stipules to 5 mm. long; petioles 1.5 (2) cm. long; leaflets 5-7, broadly
FLORA OF PERU 503
elliptic-oblanceolate, to 15 mm. long, 6 mm. broad; peduncles a

cm. or two long, the racemes 8 cm. long or longer with many verticils;
bracts ovate-acuminate, about 3 mm. long, promptly deciduous;
pedicels 4-5 mm. long, the villous pubescence spreading; flowers
10 mm. long; upper calyx lip bidentate, 3 mm. long, the lower slightly
longer, entire;banner suborbiculate, somewhat pubescent near tip,
the wings broad, the keel eciliate. Flowers violet, the yellow middle
stripe of banner changing to brownish-red (Weberbauer).
Moquehua: Torata, open mixed formation, 3,200 meters, Weber-

bauer 7467, type.
Lupinus Ulbrichianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 171. 1940.

Branched shrub probably to 4 dm. high, the stout solid stems
to 3 mm. thick, densely lanuginose; stipules 7-9 mm. long; petioles
4-5 cm. long with 6-7 elliptic-oblanceolate leaflets to 5 cm. long,
12 mm. broad, densely and softly sericeous both sides, the trichomes
appressed above; peduncles to 3 cm. long, the much longer racemes
with 6-12 verticils; bracts deciduous, linear-lanceolate, to 8 mm.
long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long, densely spreading-pubescent; flowers
about 12 mm. long, the upper calyx lip minutely bidentate or entire,
to 5 mm. long, the lower slightly longer, arcuate; banner suborbic-
ulate, glabrous, the wing 7 mm. broad, the keel eciliate. The type
was referred by Ulbrich to L. oreophilus Phil, of Chile, with narrower
leaflets, more definitely bidentate calyx lip, the banner according
to Smith either glabrous or more or less pubescent. L. pubescens
Benth., 172, of Ecuador shares many of the characters of this plant
but the pubescence is much laxer especially on the leaflets above.
Probably the species should (with L. oreophilus) be included in L.
tomentosus as a variety with shorter pedicels, smaller flowers, banner
glabrous, even the presence or absence of pubescence on the banner
being of doubtful taxonomic significance as in L. oreophilus according
to the monographer himself!
Puno: Between Sandia and Cuyocuyo, Weberbauer 870, type; 237.
Lupinus urubambensis C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 245. 1941.
Laxly growing subherbaceous or half shrub, the glabrate stems

to 8 dm. high; stipules 6-10 mm. long; petioles 2-4 cm. long, with
5-8 somewhat oblanceolate (or broadest at the middle) flat acute
and apiculate leaflets to 4.5 cm. long, 10 mm. broad; peduncles to
1 dm. long, the longer racemes with many verticils, the bracts
linear, 6-8 mm. long, deciduous; pedicels spreading-pubescent, 3-4

mm. long; flowers 13-15 mm. long, the upper calyx lip bifid, about
4 mm. long, the lower entire or minutely tridentate, 5-6 mm.
long; banner suborbiculate, glabrous, the wings 6-8 mm. broad, the
keel eciliate. According to the collector, plant with loose bushy
habit growing on steep banks in rocks. Probably with L. Ynesiae to
be included in L. Cookianus.
Cuzco: Machu-picchu, Urubamba Valley, about 2,000 meters,
Balls 6805, type.
Lupinus visoensis Macbr. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 97. 1930; 274.
Much branched shrub to 1 meter high, the somewhat tortuous

branchlets soon glabrous; stipules 4 mm. long; petioles 3-5 mm.
long, with 5-8 obovate leaflets rounded at tip, mostly flat, to 1 cm.
long, 5 mm. broad, glabrous above, sparsely and finely appressed-
sericeous beneath; peduncles 1-2 cm. long, the racemes rarely twice
as long; bracts ovate, about 3 mm. long, caducous; pedicels as the
racemes, rachis and calyces densely spreading- villous, 4-6 mm.
long; upper calyx lip shortly bidentate, the lower entire, both about
5 mm. long; banner suborbiculate, pubescent above the middle, the
wings to 7 mm. broad, the keel eciliate. Type from a round shrub
with fragrant light but bright blue flowers, the banner with a
central stripe.
Lima: Tambo de Viso, rocky grassy knolls, 596, type.
Lupinus Weberbaueri Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 541. 1906; 263.

Tufted perennial herb, the long-petioled leaves crowded about
the short fistulose peduncle of the much longer dense racemes of
pale lilac flowers; stipules 2-5 cm. long; petioles 6-20 cm. long, con-
spicuously long- villous, flat (the trichomes 5-10 mm. long), and
shortly puberulent; leaflets 8-12, to 10 cm. long, 15 mm. broad,
acuminate, densely appressed-sericeous both sides and villous on
midnerve; peduncles to 1 dm. long, 1-2 cm. thick; racemes 2.5-4 dm.
long, the linear persisting bracts 1.5-2 cm. long, more or less con-
cealed between the numerous flowers, these 16-18 mm. long on
pedicels 2-3 mm. long; calyx villous, the upper bifid lip 8-9 mm.
long, the lower entire, 10-12 mm. long; banner ovate, about 17
mm. long, 12 mm. broad, scarcely reflexed, sublanate-villous, the
nearly as long wings 8 mm. broad, the keel eciliate. Allied to L.
alopecuroides Lam. and L. nubigenus HBK. both of Ecuador, but
differing in character of bracts and especially in pubescence; Wed-
dell, Chlor. And. 250. 1857, united those two forms by error accord-
FLORA OF PERU 505
ing to Ulbrich; they lack the appressed-sericeous trichomes that

are present on L. Weberbaueri. In the plant of HBK. the spikes
are subsessile, surpassed or equaled by the leaves. Illustrated,
Weddell, I.e. pi. 79 (asL. alopecuroides, var.). F.M. Neg. 2015.
Ancash: Near Yungay, bunch-grass formation, 4,400 meters,
Weberbauer 3261+, type. Lima: Above Banos, (Wilkes Exped. as L.
nubigenus, probably belongs here). Locality not known, Weber-
bauer 7076; 226.
Lupinus Werdermannianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 178. 1940.

In general similar to L. tarapacensis but the branchlets con-
spicuously subappressed-villous, the pedicels 3-5 mm. long. The
type is the right-hand specimen on the sheet in the Gray Herbarium;
since according to the author the allied "species" (L. tarapacensis,
the type the left-hand specimen) is in Peru, this form is likewise to
be expected.
Peru (probably). Chile.
Lupinus Wilkesianus C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 156. 1940.

Low laxly branched shrub, the branches appressed-subsericeous,
the many leaves light or yellowish-green, glabrous or glabrate above,
appressed-sericeous beneath; petioles 2-2.5 cm. long with 5-8 linear
acute leaflets to 3 cm. long, 4 mm. broad; peduncles slender, often
5 cm. long, the racemes" to twice as long, with 8 or more verticils;
bracts lanceolate, 5 mm. long, persisting, the pedicels as long or
slightly longer, spreading-pubescent; flowers about 10 mm. long;
upper calyx lip bidentate, 4 long, the lower entire, 6 mm.
mm.
long; banner suborbiculate, pubescent, the wings broad, the keel
eciliate; pods villous, about 3 cm. long, 8 mm. broad. To L. celsi-
montanus C. P. Smith, I.e. 153, the author has referred, I.e. 286,
Herrera 3117; this species is based on Buchtien 4474 from Bolivia
and it seems doubtful if it is distinguishable. In all probability this
is L. paniculatus Desr. in spite of the fact that the bracts were
described as deciduous; apparently similar is L. Rusbyanus C. P.
Smith, I.e. 157, from adjacent Bolivia.
Lima: Obrajillo, Wilkes Exped., type; Pennell 14400. Huaros,
open rocky Pennell 14736.
slope, 3,200 meters, Canta, Pennell
14611 (det. Smith in herb. Gray, L. praealtus). Cerro Colorado,
near Canta, Pennell 14665. Cuzco: Saxaihuaman, 3,500 meters,
(Herrera 3117?); cf. note above.
Lupinus Ynesiae C. P. Smith, Sp. Lupin. 281. 1941.
Doubtfully distinct from L. urubambensis but stems slender,

largest leaflets 2.5-3.5 cm. long; flowers 10-13 mm. long, ascending
or spreading; calyx appressed silky. According to Smith his other
species has stems stoutish and subfistulose, largest leaflets 4.5-5 cm.
long, flowers 13-15 mm. long, some drooping; calyx spreading-
pubescent; keel eciliate or ciliolate; ovules 3 or 4; pods 3 cm. long,
8 mm. broad, laxly pubescent; seeds 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad,
purple mottled. These differences it seems to me are not of moment
or entirely apparent only in type material. L. urubambensis was
published in August, L. Ynesiae in September.
Cuzco: Machu-picchu, Urubamba Valley, 2,200 meters, among
shrubs and herbs, Ynes Mexia 8076, type.
KRAMERIA Loefl.
By Dorothy H. Hartmann, University of California

Small shrubs or perennial herbs with leaves alternate, exstipulate,
entire, simple except inone species. Flowers perfect, slightly irregular,
small, pink to purple, solitary in the axils on 2-bracted pedicels.
Sepals 4 or 5, petal-like. Petals 4 or 5, smaller than the sepals,
the upper 2 or 3 separate and parallel, or variously united, the lower
2 reduced to rounded, fleshy scales. Stamens 3 or 4, all on upper
side of flower, separate or united, anthers opening by a terminal
pore. Ovary superior, 2-ovuled, style one. Pod dry, subglobose
or cordate, indehiscent, pubescent, spiny, 1-seeded. Southern
United States, Mexico, West Indies, South America.
[Mrs. Hartmann, in connection with her study on the family
position of this aberrant group has kindly furnished me with the
descriptions but has not passed on all of the material cited. K.
cistoides Hook, of northern Chile has flowers 5-merous, but with 4
stamens, 3 round petals. Johnston has suggested that K. iluca Phil,

of Chile with only 3 stamens and 2 round petals is possibly "no
more than a good variety of K. triandra." It is possible that exact
examination will disclose that similar variation varietal or speci-
fic exists in the Peruvian material but it is noteworthy that as
careful a worker as Ulbrich refrained from publishing as distinct
two diverse collections to which he had given names in the herbarium.
K. pentapetala R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 62. pi. 94, purporting to have
come from "Province Panatahuara," is probably actually Mexican
in origin (there is, apparently, no province of this name in Peru,
and some Ruiz and Pavon collections are known to have been
\
FLORA OF PERU 507
confused with Sess and Mocino specimens from Mexico); it is

moreover similar not the same as K. pauciflora DC. of Mexico
if
with 5 sepals, the claws of the upper petals united. J.F.M.]
Krameria triandra R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 61. pi. 93. 1803.
Subprostrate shrub 3-6 dm. high; old branches gnarled, young,

silky-pubescent; leaves sessile, ovate to obovate, 10-15 mm. long,
silky-gray-pubescent; flowers deep rose, 1.5 cm. diam., borne in
axils of theupper leaves; sepals 4; petals 4, upper 2 spathulate, nearly
equaling the sepals, separate to the base; stamens 3, separate, equal;
fruit subglobose, 1.5 cm. diam., spines slender, reddish, retrorsely
barbed near the tip. Ruiz & Pa von recorded the localities as Tarma,
Huanuco, Canta and Huancheri.
The root has astringent properties and is used in medicine under
the name "ratafia" (cf. Ruiz, Travels of Ruiz, Pavon and Dombey
in Peru and Chile, Field Mus. Bot. 21: 200. 1940). F.M. Neg. 1630.
Cajamarca: Between Siena and Puna, (Raimondi). Santa Cruz,
Weberbauer 1*130 (det. Ulbrich). Amazonas: Bajada del Maranon,
(Raimondi). Huanuco: Huanuco, 1,826 meters, 8505; Kanehira
54- Llata, 2,133 meters, 2274 (det. Johnst.). Junin: Huancayo,
3,300 meters, Killip & Smith 22016. Tarma, 3,000 meters, 1027;
Killip & Smith 21850. Ayacucho: Rio de Lomas and Rio Yauca,
Weberbauer 5478 (spec. nov. Ulbrich, ined.). Huancavelica: Near
Mantaro Bridge, 1,800 meters, Goodspeed 10396 (det. Standl.).
Apurimac: Rio Apurimac, 1,200 meters, Weberbauer 5886 (spec. nov.
Ulbrich, ined.). Arequipa: Chachani Mountain, 3,660 meters,
Hinkley 5. Atiquipa, (Raimondi). Yura, Karl Schmidt (det.
Standl.). Cuzco: Limatambo, 2,200 meters, Weberbauer 5917 (det.
Ulbrich). Ollantaytambo, 3,000 meters, Cook & Gilbert 546; Herrera
3389; 3408. Prov. Calca, Vargas 163 (det. Standl.); (Herrera 182,
as spec. nov. ined. fide Herrera). Bolivia. "Pacha-lloqque" (Her-
rera), "pumacuchu" and "mapato" (R. & P.).
NOTE. While this book was in press I received from Miss Nelly Dubugnon,
Conservatoire Botanique, Geneve, the following record (det. Harms). Place after
Sophora, fide Bentham, Gourliea decorticans Gill, in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3: 208.
pi. 106. 1833. Shrub with slender shortly spinescent branchlets, imparipinnate
leaves with many small estipellate leaflets and small papilionaceous yellow orange-
lined flowers in racemes a cm. or two long, often clustered at the older nodes.
Bracts none, bractlets minute. Upper calyx lobes truncate, subconnate, lower
narrower. Petals clawed, banner orbiculate, spreading, wings obliquely obovate,
keel with shorter slightly incurved obtuse petals subconnate dorsally. Stamens
free or nearly. Ovary sessile, several-ovuled; style incurved, subulate, the stigma
small. Pod ovoid-globose, subdrupaceous, woody with 1-2 thick reniform estro-
phiolate seeds. Prov. Arequipa, 4-meter shrub, Weberbauer 1^37 (det. Harms).
Tacna, Woitschach. Chile; Argentina. "Chafio."
INDEX
Synonyms in italic
Abrus, 351 Derris, 256

Acacia, 74 Desmanthus, 97
Acuan, 97 Desmodium, 413
Adesmia, 403 Dialium, 142
Aeschynomene, 440 Dicorynia, 185
Agati, 384 Dicymbe, 198
Albizzia, 47 Dimorphandra, 118
Alexa, 245 Dinizia, 105, 118
Amburana, 243 Dioclea, 322
Amicia, 439 Diplotropis, 245, 270
Andira, 254 Dipteryx, 251
Anneslea, 66 Dolichos, 291
Apoleya, 141 Drepanocarpus, 274
Apuleia, 141 Dugandia, 73
Apurimacia, 384 Dussia, 244
Arachis, 408
Astragalus, 391 Ecastaphyllum, 257
Elizabethea, 131
Barbieria, 380 Emelista, 144
Batesia, 206 .
Entada, 106
Bauhinia, 207 Enterolobium, 64
Benthamantha, 386 Eperua, 136
Biancaea, 188 Eriosema, 339
Brownea, 131 Errazurizia, 362
Browneopsis, 131 Erythrina, 306
Caesalpinia, 188 Feuilleea, 7

Caesalpinieae, 113 Fiebrigiella, 447
Cajanus, 338
Calliandra, 66 Galactia, 331
Calopogonium, 335 Galega, 381
Campsiandra, 203 Galegeae, 232
Canavalia, 317 Genisteae, 234
Cassia, 143 Geoffroya, 254
Cedrelinga, 65 Gliricidia, 384
Centrosema, 339 Glycine, 350
Cercidium, 187 Gourliea, 507
Chaetocalyx, 446 Guilandina, 188
Cicer, 352
Clathrotropis, 246, 247 Hedysareae, 233
Cleobulia, 322 Hoffmanseggia, 188
Clitoria, 345 Hymenaea, 124
Collaea, 334 Hymenolobium, 267
Cologania, 349
Copaifera, 120 Indigofera, 376
Coumarouna, 251 Inga, 6
Coursetia, 386 Isodesmia, 445
Cracca, 386
Cratylia, 322 Krameria, 506
Crotalaria, 454
Crudia, 122 Lathyrus, 352
Cymbosema, 330 Lecointea, 220
Cynometra, 121 Leguminosae, 3
Lens, 353
Dalbergia, 285 Leptoglottis, 97
Dalbergieae, 229 Leucaena, 98
Dalea, 361 Lonchocarpus, 256
Lupinus, 459 Poiretia, 407
Lysiloma, 73 Poissonia, 386
Pongamia, 257, 258
Machaerium, 274 Prosopis, 108
Macrolobium, 135 Pseudovouapa, 135
Martia, 184 Psoralea, 358
Martiodendron, 184 Pterocarpus, 270
Martiusia, 184 Pterodon, 257
Medicago, 452
Melilotus, 453 Raimondianthus, 445
Mimosa, 83 Recordoxylon, 204
Mimoseae, 4 Rhynchosia, 336
Monopteryx, 249
Mora, 119 Schizolobium, 185
Morongia, 97 Schnella, 207
Mucuna, 313 Schrankia, 97
Muellera, 257 Sclerolobium, 199
Myroxylon, 241 Sesbania, 384
Soemmeringia, 440
Negretia, 313 Sophora, 245
Neptunia, 107 Sophoreae, 229
Neuroscapha, 257 Spartium, 458
Nissolia, 448 Stenolobium, 335
Stryphnodendron, 105
Ormosia, 247 Stylosanthes, 410
Ormosiopsis, 247 Swartzia, 221
Pachyrrhizus, 294 Tachigalia, 126

Panurea, 246 Tamarindus, 130
Papilionaceae, 228 Taralea, 250
Paramachaerium, 270 Tephrosia, 382
Parkia, 110 Teramnus, 350
Parkinsonia, 186 Thylacanthus, 198
Parosela, 361 Tipuana, 273
Patagonium, 403 Torresia, 243
Pauletia, 207 Trifolieae, 234
Peltogyne, 123 Trifolium, 448
Pentaclethra, 110
Phaseoleae, 230 Uleanthus, 246
Phaseolus, 294
Phyllocarpus, 197 Vatairea, 273
Piptadenia, 100 Vataireopsis, 270, 273
Piscidia,257 Vexillifera, 244
Pisum, 353 Vicia, 355
Pithecqlobium, 48 Vicieae, 232
Planarium, 446 Vigna, 292
Platycyanus, 350 Vouapa, 135
Platymiscium, 267
Platypodium, 269 Weberbauerella, 408
Poecilanthe, 269 Wenderothia, 317
Poeppigia, 205
Poinciana, 188 Zornia, 413
THE LIBRARY Of THt
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Uf
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IUIHOIS-URMH*
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LIBRARY OF THE

University of Illinois Library

THE LIBRARY Of THfc

THE LIBRARY Of THE

LEGUMINOSAE. Bean Family

many timbers, the insecticide rotenone (Denis), the soil-builder

Calyx lobes free (in Poeppigia and Dimorphandra united, but

Leaves bipinnate (sometimes in Mimosa pseudodigitate or leaflets

Flowers small but not as above; calyx if developed, valvate.

Calyx often well-developed, dentate; pods bivalved.

Anthers glandular in bud; leaflets minute except 1

species 13. Piptadenia.

Herbs or more or less woody undershrubs.

Pods oblong, sometimes narrowly oblong; most species

Stamens indefinite, rarely 10 or fewer, often many, even 100.

Stamens more or less connate, often elongate and the flowers

Anthers usually glandular-hirsute; pods usually flat,

species about 50; leaflets minute with submarginal

Anthers glandular (unless Piptadenia) at least before an thesis;

Pods plane, continuous within; seeds without albumen.

Nodosely armed (usually), the pinnae and leaflets few;

Reference: Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 600-632. 1875.

The genus was divided by Bentham into 5 sections, all of which

pisana G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 388. 1832, and /. carnosa G. Don,

therefore probably a Mocino & Sesse* specimen. /. diadema Mart.,

many species (including Calliandra and Pithecolobium) the resulting ;

combinations with Kuntze as author have not been cited.

Stamen tube included or (typically) shortly exserted; puberu-

Leaf-rachis little if at all margined (except 7. cecropietorum under

Flowers glabrous or essentially except /. graciliflora with

Leaflets all small, even the larger well under 10 cm.

Leaflets obtuse or if acuminate very shortly and obtusely.

Pedicels 1 mm. long I. tarapotensis.

Leaflets medium, at least the larger usually longer than 10 cm.

Corolla 8-10, calyx 4-6 mm. long, sessile or pedicellate.

Flowers subsessile; stamen tube included.

Peduncles all or mostly much longer 7. coriacea.

Flowers puberulent, the corolla not abruptly expanded at limb;

Corolla with campanulate limb; leaflets little if at all narrowed

nobilis, 7. tarapotensis) and pubescent (exceptions, 7. brachy-

Calyx glabrate (glabrous) to loosely pilose, the narrow

Calyx tomentulose or appressed strigillose, the broad

Peduncles solitary or geminate; bracts linear to

Leaflet midnerve often with 1-several glands;

Axis acutely angled; leaf-rachis bristle-tipped.

Racemes fascicled 7. ingoides.

Leaflets densely soft-pilose beneath, obscurely reticu-

Flowers 10-11 mm. long 7. Endlicheri.

Flowers about 18 mm. long 7. aria.

Flowers 3-5 cm. long.

Peduncles more or less elongate; flowers 3-3.5 cm. long.

Bracts persisting; calyx 1 cm. long 7. Donaeana.

Calyx usually more or less setulose, usually other parts as

Flower-heads shortly peduncled or subsessile, the persist-

Flower-heads long-peduncled, the linear-lanceolate bracts

Leaflets mostly narrower than 2.5 cm.

Leaflets 2 pairs 7. slenoptera.

Corolla about 3 cm. long /. Pavoniana.

Calyx 6 mm. long, the corolla tube exserted.