Mini Project Report

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The aim of the proposed system is to develop a cost effective solution that will
provide controlling of home appliances remotely and enable home security against intrusion
in the absence of homeowner. The system provides availability due to development of a low
cost system. The home appliances control system with an affordable cost was thought to be
built that should be mobile providing remote access to the appliances and allowing home
security.

So if you forgot to switch off the lights or other appliances while going out, it
helps you to turn off the appliance with your cell phone. Your cell phone works as remote
control to your home appliances. You can control the desired appliance by presetting the
corresponding key. Though devices connected as home and office appliances consume
electrical power. These devices should be controlled as well as turn on/off if required. Most
of the times it was done manually. Now it is a necessity to control devices more effectively
and efficiently at anytime from anywhere. This system is designed for controlling arbitrary
devices. It includes a cell phone which is connecting to the system via head set. To active the
cellular phone unit on the system a call is to be made and as the call is answered, in response
the user would enter a number corresponding to which device is on or off. The device
switching is achieved by Relays. Security preserved because the system works only when
incoming call from the registered phone.

The underlying principle mainly relies up on the ability of DTMF (Dual Tune
Multi Frequency) ICs to generate DTMF corresponding to a number or code in the number
pad and to detect the same number or code from its corresponding DTMF. In detail, a DTMF
generator generates two frequencies corresponding to a number or code in the number pad
which will be transmitted through the communication networks, constituting the transmitter
section which is simply equivalent to a mobile set. In the receiver part, the DTMF detector
IC, for example IC MT 8870 detects the number or code represented by DTMF back, through
the inspection of the two transmitted frequencies.

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1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure shows the detailed block diagram of DTMF Based Home Automation System.
The basic block diagram includes DTMF Decoder, Mobile phone, Relay Driver, AC
Appliances such as Light, Fan, TV

Figure 1.1 Block Diagram

1.1.1 DTMF DECODER:-

In this project MT 8870 IC is used as the DTMF decoder. The MT8870D is a

complete DTMF receiver integrating both the band split filter and digital decoder functions.
The filter section uses switched capacitor techniques for high and low group filters; the
decoder uses digital counting techniques to detect and decode all 16 DTMF tone-pairs into a
4-bit code. External component count is minimized by on chip provision of a differential
input amplifier, clock oscillator and latched three-state bus interface.

The MT8870 is an 18-pin IC. It is used in telephones and a variety of other

applications. This IC can be used to encode the DTMF code.

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1.1.2 RELAY DRIVER:-

In this project ULN2003A used as the relay driver. The relay driver uln2003 IC is a
high voltage and current darlington array IC, it comprises of 7-open collector darlington pairs
with common emitters. A pair of darlington is an arrangement of two bipolar transistors. This
IC belongs to the family of ULN200x ICs and various types of this family interface to various
logic families. This ULN2003 IC is for 5V TTL and CMOS logic devices. These ICs are used
as relay drivers as well as to drive a wide range of loads, line drivers, display drivers etc. This
IC is also normally used while driving Stepper Motors.

1.1.3 MOBILE:-

Mobile phone is the heart of this project. This system consists of two parts- the
transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter is the cell phone of the user. At the receiver side,
a cell phone or a landline is present which receives the call from the user cell phone. It is
interfaced to a DTMF decoder which receives the DTMF tones and decodes it get the original
data. The switching of any load can be achieved by just pressing a number on the cell phone.
A person can dial a number from his/her mobile and this number is redirected to another
mobile from where the tones are taken and decoded and the number is used as a command to
operate the loads.

1.1.4 AC APPLIANCES:-

There are two AC appliances is used in this project instead of fan and TV. One is a
CFL lamb and other one is a LED lamb. Here these lamps are used as loads and each lamp is
driven by a relay. All the relays are operated by a relay driver which has inputs and outputs
for each relay. Each load is assigned a particular number. When a particular number is dialled
on the user mobile, the call gets directed to the system cell phone.

We can also use TV, FAN, and MOTOR instead of lights In this project DTMF
Based Home Automation System we are going to control our home appliances wirelessly.

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1.2 OBJECTIVES

The aim of this project is to extend a device that allows for a user to somewhat
control and monitor multiple home appliances using a cellular phone. This system will be a
powerful and flexible tool that will offer this service at any time, and from anywhere with the
constraints of the technologies being applied. Many times a situation occurs when we have to
control various devices from a long/remote location according to our choice .Consider
following examples

1) If, we are working in some industry and have to reach at workplace at the earliest to turn
on some electrical device like boiler or conveyor belt.

2) In our normal day to day life we go out of home and forgot to turn off fan/light

3) In summer season we want to turn on Fan or AC Air cooler before we reach home.

For all above situations, we need a device / controller which can turn on / off the devices. To
implement this system the consumer should send a unique code accompanied by the required
function to his home control system through DTMF.

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CHAPTER 2

HARDWARE IMPLIMENTATION

2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 2.1 Circuit Diagram

2.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

2.2.1 MT 8870:-

Today, most telephone equipment use a DTMF receiver IC. One common DTMF
receiver IC is the Motorola MT8870 that is widely used in electronic communications
circuits. The MT8870 is an 18-pin IC. It is used in telephones and a variety of other
applications. When a proper output is not obtained in projects using this IC, engineers or
technicians need to test this IC separately. A quick testing of this IC could save a lot of time

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in re-search labs and manufacturing industries of communication instruments. Heres a small

and handy tester circuit for the DTMF IC. It can be assembled on a multipurpose PCB with
an 18-pin IC base. One can also test the IC on a simple breadboard.
For optimum working of telephone equipment, the DTMF receiver must be designed
to recognize a valid tone pair greater than 40 ms in duration and to accept successive digit
tone-pairs that are greater than 40 ms apart. However, for other applications like remote
controls and radio communications, the tone duration may differ due to noise considerations.
Therefore, by adding an extra resistor and steering diode the tone duration can be set to
different values. The circuit is configured in balanced-line mode.

Fig 2.2.1 MT 8870

To reject common-mode noise signals, a balanced differential amplifier input is

used. The circuit also provides an excellent bridging interface across a properly terminated
telephone line. Transient protection may be achieved by splitting the input resistors and
inserting ZENER diodes (ZD1 and ZD2) to achieve voltage clamping. This allows the
transient energy to be dissipated in the resistors and diodes, and limits the maximum voltage
that may appear at the inputs.
Whenever you press any key on your local telephone keypad, the delayed steering
(Std) output of the IC goes high on receiving the tone-pair, causing LED D2 (connected to
pin 15 of IC via resistor R7) to glow. It will be high for a duration de-pending on the values
of capacitor and resistors at pins 16 and 17.
The LEDs connected via resistors R1 to R3 at pins 12 through 14, respectively,
indicate the output of the IC. The tone-pair DTMF (dual-tone multi-frequency) generated by
pressing the telephone button is converted into bi-nary values internally in the IC. The binary
values are indicated by glowing of LEDs at the output pins of the IC.
So, when you dial a number, say, 2, LED1 will glow, similarly, for every other
number dialed on your telephone, the corresponding LEDs will glow. Thus, a non-defective

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IC should indicate proper bi-nary values corresponding to the decimal number pressed on
your telephone key-pad.

DTMF:-
DTMF stands for dual tone multiple frequencies. DTMF is a term which used in
telephone industry. When any key on telephone or mobile phone is pressed one tone is
generated and it is audible which nothing but a DTMF tone.

Fig 2.2.2 DTMF dial pad

DTMF (Dual tone multi frequency) as the name suggests uses a combination of two
sine wave tones to represent a key. These tones are called row and column frequencies as
they correspond to the layout of a telephone keypad.
A DTMF keypad (generator or encoder) generates a sinusoidal tone which
is mixture of the row and column frequencies. The row frequencies are low group
frequencies. The column frequencies belong to high group frequencies. This prevents
misinterpretation of the harmonics. Also the frequencies for DTMF are so chosen that none
have a harmonic relationship with the others and that mixing the frequencies would not
produce sum or product frequencies that could mimic another valid tone. The high-group

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frequencies (the column tones) are slightly louder than the low-group to compensate for the
high-frequency roll off of voice audio systems. The row and column frequencies
corresponding to a DTMF keypad have been indicated in the above figure.

DTMF tones are able to represent one of the 16 different states or symbols on the
keypad. This is equivalent to 4 bits of data, also known as nibble

DTMF CODE:-
When any of the key like 1, 2, *, # etc is pressed particular code is
transmitted. This code is consisting of two frequencies among which one is higher frequency
and second one is lower frequency. Following table shows the combination of frequency for
respected keys.

Table 2.2.1

In Given table we can see two groups of different frequencies. When one upper
and one lower frequencies mixed then a tone is created that tone we calls Dual Tone Multiple
Frequency. In this project we control ac appliances by pressing dial pad keys like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and more.
According to above table 8 is combination of lower frequency of 852 Hz and
higher frequency of 1336 Hz and # is of lower frequency of 941 Hz and higher frequency
of 1447 Hz.

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DTMF DETECTION:-

Today, most telephone equipment use a DTMF receiver IC. One common DTMF
receiver IC is the Motorola MT8870 that is widely used in electronic communications
circuits. The MT8870 is an 18-pin IC. It is used in telephones and a variety of other
applications. This IC can be used to encode the DTMF code.

Fig 2.2.3 MT 8870 Pin out

The MT8870 is a complete DTMF receiver integrating both the band -split filter
and digital decoder functions. The filter section uses switched capacitor techniques for high
and low group filters; the decoder uses digital counting techniques to detect and decode all 16
DTMF tone-pairs into a 4-bit code. External component count is minimized by on chip
provision of a differential input amplifier, clock oscillator and latched three-state bus
interface.

PIN DESCRIPTION:-

1. IN+

Non-Inverting Op-Amp (Input).

2. IN-

Inverting Op-Amp (Input).

3. GS Gain Select.

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Gives access to output of front end differential amplifier for connection of feedback
resistor.

4. V-Ref Reference Voltage (Output).

Nominally VDD/2 is used to bias inputs at mid-rail .

5. INH Inhibit (Input).

Logic high inhibits the detection of tones representing characters A, B, C and D.

This pin input is internally pulled down.

6. PWDN Power Down (Input).

Active high. Powers down the device and inhibits the oscillator. This pin input is
internally pulled down.

7. OSC1 Clock (Input).

8. OSC2 Clock (Output).

A 3.579545 MHz crystal connected between pins OSC1 and OSC2 completes the
internal oscillator circuit.

9. VSS Ground (Input).

0 V typical.

10. TOE Three State Output Enable (Input).

Logic high enables the outputs Q1-Q4. This pin is pulled up internally.

11-14. Q1-Q4 Three State Data (Output).

When enabled by TOE, provide the code corresponding to the last valid tone-pair
received (see Table 1). When TOE is logic low, the data outputs are high impedance.

15. StD Delayed Steering (Output).

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Presents a logic high when a received tone-pair has been registered and the output
latch updated; returns to logic low when the voltage on St/GT falls below VTSt.

16. ESt Early Steering (Output).

Presents a logic high once the digital algorithm has detected a valid tone pair
(signal condition). Any momentary loss of signal condition will cause ESt to return to a logic
low.

17. St/GT Steering Input/Guard time (Output) Bidirectional.

A voltage greater than VTSt detected at St causes the device to register the
detected tone pair and update the output latch. A voltage less than VTSt frees the device to
accept a new tone pair. The GT output acts to reset the external steering time-constant; its
state is a function of ESt and the voltage on St.

18. VDD Positive power supply (Input).

+5 V typical.

DTMF DETECTION METHOD:-

The scheme used to identify the two frequencies associated with the button that has
been pressed is shown in the figure below. Here, the two tones are first separated by a low
pass and a high pass filter.
The pass band cutoff frequency of the low pass filter is slightly above 100 Hz,
whereas that of the high-pass filter is slightly below 1200 Hz. The output of each filter is next
converted into a square wave by a limiter and then processed by a bank of band pass filters
with narrow pass bands. The four band pass filters in the low-frequency channel have center
frequencies at 697 Hz, 770 Hz, 852 Hz, and 941 Hz. The four band-pass filters in the high-
frequency channel have center frequencies at 1209 Hz, 1336 Hz, 1477 Hz, and 1633 Hz. The
detector following each band-pass filter develops the necessary dc switching signal if its
input voltage is above a certain threshold.

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Figure 2.2.4

DTMF CODE TO BINARY CODE:-

The MT8870 IC produces a equivalent binary code whenever it receives a
valid tone pair .The binary code is the output of the button pressed from the mobile keypad.
The table below shows the DTMF data and the binary code associated with it.

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Table 2.2.2

FEATURES OF MT8870:-

Complete DTMF Receiver

Low power consumption

Internal gain setting amplifier

Adjustable guard time

Central office quality

Power-down mode

Inhibit mode

Backward compatible with MT8870C/MT8870C-1

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APPLICATIONS OF MT8870:-

Receiver system for British Telecom (BT) or CEPT Spec (MT8870D-1)

Paging systems

Repeater systems/mobile radio

Credit card systems

Remote control

Personal computers

Telephone answering machine

2.2.2 CRYSTAL OSCILATTOR:-

A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit which uses inverse piezoelectric

effect, i.e. when electric field is applied across certain materials it produces mechanical
deformation. Thus it uses mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of
piezoelectric materiel to create an electric signal with very precise frequency. They have high
stability, quality factor, small size and low cost and this makes them superior over
other resonators like LC circuit, ceramic resonator, turning forks etc.

Fig 2.2.5

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This image show a 3.58MHz crystal oscillator commonly used in microcontrollers and
microprocessors. Although the crystal has electromechanical resonance, we can represent the
crystal action by an equivalent electrical resonant circuit as show below. The inductance and
capacitance L1 and C1 represents electrical equivalents of crystal mass and compliance,
while the resistance R1 represents the friction of crystals internal structure and C0 represents
the capacitance formed due to mechanical moulding of the crystal.
From the circuit we can find that it can have two resonant frequencies, series
resonance and parallel resonance. Series resonance occurs when the reactances produced by
capacitance C1 and inductance L1 becomes equal and opposite. Thus during this condition
impedance is very low, equal to resistance R1. Parallel resonance occurs when the reactance
of series resonant leg becomes equal to reactance produced by capacitance C0. During this
condition the crystal offers very high impedance to the external circuit.

Figure 2.2.6

Impedance versus frequency graph is shown below.

Figure 2.2.7

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CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR WORKING:-

Crystal oscillator circuit usually works on the principle of the inverse

piezoelectric effect. The applied electric field will produce a mechanical deformation across
some materials. Thus, it utilizes the vibrating crystals mechanical resonance that is made
with a piezoelectric material for generating an electrical signal of a particular frequency.
Usually quartz crystal oscillators are highly stable, consists of good quality factor (Q), they
are small in size, and are economically related. Hence, quartz crystal oscillator circuits are

more superior compared to other resonators like LC circuits, turning forks. Generally
in Microprocessors and Microcontrollers we are using an 8MHz crystal oscillator.

The equivalent electrical circuit is also describes the crystal action of the
crystal. Just look at the equivalent electrical circuit diagram shown in the above. The basic
components used in the circuit, inductance L represents crystal mass, capacitance C2
represents compliance, and C1 is used to represent the capacitance that is formed because of
crystals mechanical molding, resistance R represents the crystals internal structure friction,
The quartz crystal oscillator circuit diagram consists of two resonances such as series and
parallel resonance, i.e., two resonant frequencies.

Fig 2.2.8

The series resonance occurs when the reactance produced by capacitance C1is
equal and opposite to the reactance produced by inductance L. The fr and fp represents series

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and parallel resonant frequencies respectively, and the values of fr and fp can be
determined by using the following equations shown in the figure 2.2.8.

The above diagram describes an equivalent circuit, plot graph for resonant
frequency, Formulae for Resonant frequencies.

USES OF CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR:-

In general, we know that, in the design of microprocessors and
microcontrollers, crystal oscillators are used for the sake of providing the clock signals. For
instance, let us consider 8051 Microcontroller, in this particular controller an external crystal
oscillator circuit will work with 12MHz that is essential, even though this 8051
microcontroller (based on model) is capable to work at 40 MHz (max) have to provide
12MHz in most of the cases because for a machine cycle 8051 requires 12 clock cycles, so
that to give effective cycle rate at 1MHz (taking 12MHz clock) to 3.33MHz (taking the
maximum 40MHz clock). This particular crystal oscillator which is having cycle rate at
1MHz to 3.33MHz is used to generate clock pulses which are required for the
synchronization of all the internal operations.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR:-

There are many industrial applications of the crystal oscillator. They are widely used
in computers, instrumentation, digital systems, in phase locked loop systems, modems,
marine, and telecommunications, in sensors and also in disk drives.

Crystal Oscillator is also used in engine controlling, clock and to trip computer, stereo,
and in GPS systems. This is an automotive application.

Crystal oscillators are used in many consumer goods. For example, cable television
systems, video cameras, personal computers, toys and video games, cellular phones, radio
systems. This is Consumer Application of Crystal Oscillator.

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2.2.3 REGULATOR IC (7805)

A regulated power supply is very much essential for several electronic devices due
to the semiconductor material employed in them have a fixed rate of current as well as
voltage.

Fig 2.2.9

The device may get damaged if there is any deviation from the fixed rate. The AC
power supply gets converted into constant DC by this circuit. By the help of a voltage
regulator DC, unregulated output will be fixed to a constant voltage. The circuit is made up of
linear voltage regulator 7805 along with capacitors and resistors with bridge rectifier made up
from diodes. From giving an unchanging voltage supply to building confident that output
reaches uninterrupted to the appliance, the diodes along with capacitors handle elevated
efficient signal conveyed.

ICs regulator is mainly used in the circuit to maintain the exact voltage which is
followed by the power supply. A regulator is mainly employed with the capacitor connected
in parallel to the input terminal and the output terminal of the IC regulator. For the checking
of gigantic alterations in the input as well as in the output filter, capacitors are used. While
the bypass capacitors are used to check the small period spikes on the input and output level.
Bypass capacitors are mainly of small values that are used to bypass the small period pulses
straightly into the Earth.

A circuit diagram having regulator IC and all the above discussed components
arrangement revealed in the figure below.

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Figure 2.2.10 Regulated Power Circuit

The working of the components coupled in the circuit above is revealed below.

COMPONENTS:-

1. CAPACITOR C-1

This capacitor is known as bypass capacitor and is employed to bypass

extremely tiny duration spikes to the ground with no distress the other components.

2. CAPACITOR C-2

C2 is the filter capacitor employed to steady the slow changes in the voltage
applied at the input of the circuit. Escalating the value of the capacitor amplify the
stabilization as well as the declining value of the capacitor reduces the stabilization.
Moreover this capacitor is not alone capable to ensure very constricted period spikes emerge
at the input.

3. CAPACITOR C-3

C3 is known as a filter capacitor employed in the circuit to steady the slow

alterations in the output voltage. Raising the value of the capacitor enlarges the stabilization
furthermore declining the value of the capacitor declined the stabilization. Moreover this
capacitor is not alone capable to ensure very fine duration spikes happen at the output.

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4. CAPACITOR-C 4

C4 is known as bypass capacitor and worked to bypass very small period

spikes to the earth with no influence the other components.

5. 7805 IC -U 1

U1 is the IC with positive DC and it upholds the output voltage steady exactly
at a constant value even although there is major deviation in the input voltage.

The whole circuit till now to be operated on the 5V DC supply, so we have to

use an IC regulator for 5V DC. And the most generally used IC regulators get into the market
for 5V DC regulation use is 7805. So we are connecting the similar IC in the circuit as U1.

IC 7805 is a DC regulated IC of 5V. This IC is very flexible and is widely

employed in all types of circuit like a voltage regulator. It is a three terminal device and
mainly called input, output and ground. Pin diagram of the IC 7805 is shown in the diagram
below.

Figure 2.2.11 LM 7805 Pinout Diagram

PIN DESCRIPTION:-

1. INPUT

In this pin of the IC positive unregulated voltage is given in regulation.

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2. GROUND

In this pin where the ground is given. This pin is neutral for equally the input
and output.

3. OUTPUT

The output of the regulated 5V volt is taken out at this pin of the IC regulator

The difference between the input and output voltage appears as heat. The greater the
difference between the input and output voltage, the more heat is generated. If too
much heat is generated, through high input voltage, the regulator can overheat. If the
regulator does not have a heat sink to dissipate this heat, it can be destroyed and
malfunction. Hence, it is advisable to limit the voltage to a maximum of 2-3 volts
higher than the output voltage.

2.2.4 RELAY

A relay can be defined as a switch. Switches are generally used to close or open
the circuit manually .Relay is also a switch that connects or disconnects two circuits. But
instead of manual operation a relay is applied with electrical signal, which in turn connects or
disconnects another circuit. Relays can be of different types like electromechanical, solid
state. Electromechanical relays are frequently used.

Figure 2.2.12

Every electromechanical relay consists of an consists of an

1) Electromagnet

2) Mechanically movable contact

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3) Switching points

4) Spring

Electromagnet is constructed by wounding a copper coil on a metal core. The two ends of the
coil are connected to two pins of the relay. These two are used as DC supply pins. Generally
two more contacts will be present, called as switching points to connect high ampere load.
Another contact called common contact is present in order to connect the switching points.
These contacts are named as normally open (NO), normally closed (NC) and common
(COM) contacts. Relay can be operated using either AC or DC. In case of AC relays, for
every current zero position, the relay coil gets demagnetized and hence there would be a
chance of continues breaking of the circuit. So, AC relays are constructed with special
mechanism such that continues magnetism is provided in order to avoid above problem. Such
mechanisms include electronic circuit arrangement or shaded coil mechanism.

WORKING:-

Relay works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

When the electromagnet is applied with some current it induces a magnetic field
around it.
In the relay Copper coil and the iron core acts as electromagnet.
When the coil is applied with DC current it starts attracting the contact as shown. This
is called energizing of relay.
When the supply is removed it retrieves back to the original position. This is called
De energizing of relay.

There are also such relays, whose contacts are initially closed and opened when there is
supply. Solid state relays will have sensing element to sense the input voltage and switches
the output using coupling.

RELAY APPLICATIONS:-

Relays are used to protect the electrical system and to minimize the damage to the
equipment connected in the system due to over currents/voltages. The relay is used for the
purpose of protection of the equipment connected with it. These are used to control the high
voltage circuit with low voltage signal in applications audio amplifiers and some types of

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modems. These are used to control a high current circuit by a low current signal in the
applications like starter solenoid in automobile. These can detect and isolate the faults that
occurred in power transmission and distribution system. Typical application areas of the
relays include

Lighting control systems

Telecommunication
Industrial process controllers
Traffic control
Motor drives control
Protection systems of electrical power system
Computer interfaces
Automotive
Home appliances

2.2.5 ULN 2003

The ULN2003 is a monolithic IC consists of seven NPN darlington transistor pairs

with high voltage and current capability. A Darlington transistor (also known as Darlington
pair) achieves very high current amplification by connecting two bipolar transistors in direct
DC coupling so the current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second
one. The resultant current gain is the product of those of the two component transistors.

Figure 2.2.13

It is commonly used for applications such as relay drivers, motor, display drivers, led
lamp drivers, logic buffers, line drivers, hammer drivers and other high voltage current
applications. It consists of common cathode clamp diodes for each NPN darlington pair
which makes this driver IC useful for switching inductive loads.

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FEATURES:-

The ULN2003 is known for its high-current, high-voltage capacity. The drivers can be
paralleled for even higher current output. Even further, stacking one chip on top of another,
both electrically and physically, has been done. Generally it can also be used for interfacing
with a stepper motor, where the motor requires high ratings which cannot be provided by
other interfacing devices.

Main specifications:

500 mA rated collector current (single output)

50 V output (there is a version that supports 100 V output)
Includes output flyback diodes

APPLICATIONS:-

Relay drivers circuits

Motor drivers circuits
Lamp drivers
Line drivers
Hammer drivers
Logic buffers and many others

2.3 CIRCUIT OPERATION

There are two mobile phones used in the circuit one works as a receiver and other as
transmitter. The receiver mobile in connected to the circuit via a headphone. One of the two
wires of the headphone is connected to pin2 (IN-) and pin3 (GS) of the DTMF decoder IC
MT8870 and the other is grounded. A 3.579545MHz crystal oscillator is connected to pin7
(OSC1) and pin8 (OSC2) of MT8870.Pin16 (ESt) and pin17(St) are connected to Vcc via
0.1F and 330k resistance. When the transmitter sends a valid tone data the receiver
detects the frequency pair and gives the appropriate binary code as the output of the DTMF
decoder IC. The binary output can be obtained by pin11 to pin14.

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In circuit diagram the outputs Q2 and Q3 is used. At Q2 LED light is connected

and at Q3 CFL lamp is connected through relay driver IC ULN 2003. We have left Q1 and
Q4. Now when we press key 2 at the dial pad of mobile phone DTMF decodes this tone and
generates a digital output given in table. Now According to given output in table 2.2.2 Q2 is
HIGH and Q2 is connected with LED light so LIGHT turned ON. If we want turned OFF the
LIGHT, we need to press key number 1. Because in the output of key1, Q2 and Q3 LOW and
Q1 are HIGH and we have not used Q1. So it doesnt matter that Q1 is HIGH or LOW. But
our operation has been performed because Q2 is LOW in key 1s output and rest of
appliances not affected. Now is we want to turned on CFL lamp so we need to press key4
because by pressing key4 only Q3 is activated and rest of output are remain same. Now if we
to OFF the CFL lamp then we need to press key1 again like before for as LED light. Now
suppose we want to turned ON all of the appliances so we need to press key6 (see table2.2.2)
and for turning OFF all key1 (see table2.2.2).

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CHAPTER 3

RESULT AND BENEFITS

3.1 RESULT

The DTMF based home automation systems, is a wonderful feature that everyone
would like to enjoy, if they were not expensive to install, maintain, and able to be use from
long distance. With such automation one can switch ON and OFF lights, Ac etc from a
remote distance. It can be useful for in future life.

3.2 BENEFITS

Effective control of home appliances

There is no need for extra training of that person who is using it.
All the control would be in your hands by using this home automation
system.
One can control home appliances from anywhere.
It reduces wastage of electricity if someone forgets to switch off any
appliance connected to the system if we were away.
It is very low cost compared to other technologies like GSM.
It is a robust and easy to use system.

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Mini Project Report

CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOP

4.1 CONCLUSION

This Project presented a method to control home appliances using mobile phone
and DTMF decoder. DTMF tone is generated by pressing the keypad buttons of the mobile
phone. The extensive capabilities of this system are what make it so interesting. From the
convenience of a simple cell phone, a user is able to control and monitor virtually any
electrical device in a household. This makes it possible for users to rest assured that their
belongings are secure, that the garage door is shut, and that the television was not left running
when they left the house to just list a few of the many uses of this system. The end product
will have a simplistic design making it easy for users to interact with. This will be essential
because of the wide range of technical knowledge that homeowners have.

The popularity and availability of the mobile and mobile network makes this kind
of control very useful and powerful. The main advantages of the proposed system are its
reliability, low cost, and wide area coverage.

4.2 FUTURE SCOPE

This project can be further enhanced to the High voltage A.C Applications by
changing the ratings of the Relay.
We can control and monitor the high speed induction motors as well as
synchronous motors. This can be done in an economical way.
We can also add some security features in the circuit. One of the way is password
protection. Through this only selected people can access this control over the
home appliances.
In this project in future we can add a multimedia camera to see what is going
inside the home by sitting in office or somewhere.
It can be also used for security purposes burglary, gas detection, smoke detection.
It can be used as controlling speed of fan.

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Mini Project Report

REFERENCE

[1] Mobile and Wireless Technology by Kuinam J. KimNaruemon Wattanapong

[2] Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering By Tarmo Anttalainen

Artech House, 01-Jan-2003 - Technology & Engineering.

[3] Voice over IP Fundamentals By Davidson Jonathan, Publication- Pearson Education

India, 01-Sep-2008.
[4] https://circuitdigest.com

[5] http://www.electronics-diy.com

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