PQ220 6234F.

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Appendix C
Answers to
Selected
Exercises

CHAPTER 2 (d) {oddd, oodd, oddo, oodo, 2-41. (a) 0.25 (b) 0.75
odod, oood, odoo, oooo} 2-43. 5.7  108
Section 2-1
(e) {dddd} 2-45. (a) 0.86 (b) 0.79 (c) 0.14
2-1. Let a, b denote a part above, (f) {dddd, dodd, dddo, oddd, (d) 0.70 (e) 0.95 (f) 0.84
below the specification. ddod, oodd, ddoo} 2-47. (a) 0.30 (b) 0.77 (c) 0.70
S  {aaa, aab, aba, abb, baa, 2-25. 212  4096 (d) 0.22 (e) 0.85 (f) 0.92
bab, bba, bbb} 2-27. (a) A B  10, B  10,
2-7. S is the sample space of 100 pos-
A B  92 Section 2-3
(a) A  5x 0 x  72.56
sible two-digit integers.
2-29. 2-49. (a) 0.7 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.1
2-9. S  {0, 1, 2, . . . ,} in ppb.
2-17. c  connect, b  busy, S  (b) B  5x 0 x  52.56 (d) 0.2 (e) 0.6 from part (b)
{c, bc, bbc, bbbc, bbbbc, . . .} (c) A B  5x 0 52.5  x  72.5 (f) 0.8
2-21. (a) S  {0, 1, 2, 3, . . .} (d) A B  5x 0 x  06 2-51. No
(b) S (c) {12, 13, 14, 15} 2-31. Let g denote a good board, m a 2-53. (a) 350370 (b) 362370
(d) {0, 1, 2, . . . , 11} (e) S board with minor defects, and j a (c) 358370 (d) 345370
(f ) {0, 1, 2, . . . , 7} (g) board with major defects. 2-55. (a) 13130 (b) No
(h) (i) {8, 9, 10, . . .} (a) S  {gg, gm, gj, mg, mm,
2-23. Let d denote a distorted bit and let mj, jg, jm, jj} Section 2-4
o denote a bit that is not distorted. (b) S  {gg, gm, gj, mg, mm, 2-57. (a) 86100 (b) P(B) 
dddd, dodd, oddd, oodd, mj, jg, jm} 79100 (c) 7079
(d) 7086
(a) S 
dddo, dodo, oddo, oodo,
ddod, dood, odod, oood, Section 2-2 2-59. (a) 345357 (b) 513
2-35. (a) 0.4 (b) 0.8 (c) 0.6 2-61. (a) 0.15 (b) 0.153
ddoo, dooo, odoo, oooo
(d) 1 (e) 0.2 (c) 0.72 (d) 0.733
(b) No
(c) {dddd, dodd, dddo, dodo, 2-37. (a) S  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} (e) 0.11 (f) 0.76
(b) 28 (c) 68 2-63. (a) 1540 (b) 1439
ddod, dood, ddoo, dooo}
2-39. (a) 0.7 (b) 0.8 (c) 0.135 (d) 0.599

679
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680 APPENDIX C ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES

2-65. (a) 4499  0.0080 Section 3-2 3-59. (a) 2.4  108 (b) 0.99989
(b) (5500)(4499)  0.000080 3-13. fX (0)  13, fX (1.5)  13, (c) 9.91  1018
(c) (495500)(494499)  0.98 fX (2)  16, fX (3)  16 (d) 1.138  104
2-67. (a) 0.813 (b) 0.632 3-15. (a) 1 (b) 78 (c) 34 3-61. F(x)  0 for x  0; 0.4219 for
(c) 0.764 (d) 12 0  x  1; 0.8438 for 1  x  2;
3-17. (a) 925 (b) 425 0.9844 for 2  x  3; 1 for 3  x
Section 2-5 (c) 1225 (d) 1 3-63. (a) 0.3681 (b) 0.6323
2-71. 0.22 3-19. P(X  10 million)  0.3, (c) 0.9198 (d) E(X )  1,
2-73. 0.023 P(X  5 million)  0.6, V(X )  0.999
2-75. 0.028 P(X  1 million)  0.1 3-65. (a) n  50, p  0.1
2-77. (a) 0.0225 (b) 0.125 3-21. P(X  0)  8  106, (b) 0.1117 (c) 4.51  1048
2-79. (a) 0.20 (b) 0.20 P(X  1)  0.0012, 3-67. (a) 0.9961 (b) 0.9886
P(X  2)  0.0576, 3-69. (a) 0 (b) 0.2137
Section 2-6 P(X  3)  0.9412
2-81. No 3-23. P(X  15 million)  0.6, Section 3-7
2-83. No P(X  5 million)  0.3, 3-71. (a) 0.5 (b) 0.0625
2-85. (a) No (b) 0.733 P(X  0.5 million)  0.1 (c) 0.0039 (d) 0.75 (e) 0.25
2-87. (a) 0.59 (b) 0.328 (c) 0.41 3-25. P(X  0)  0.00001, 3-73. (a) 0.0064 (b) 0.9984
2-89. (a) 0.00003 (b) 0.00024 P(X  1)  0.00167, (c) 0.008
(c) 0.00107 P(X  2)  0.07663, 3-75. (a) 0.0167 (b) 0.9224 (c) 50
2-91. 0.9702 P(X  3)  0.92169 3-77. (a) 3.91  1019 (b) 200
2-93. (a) No (b) Yes (c) 2.56  1018
Section 3-3 3-79. (a) 5 (b) 5
Section 2-7 3-81. (a) 20 (b) 0.0436
3-27. (a) 78 (b) 1 (c) 34
2-95. 0.003 (d) 38 (c) 0.0459 (d) 0.0411 (e) 19
2-97. (a) 0.615 (b) 0.618 3-29. F(x)  0 for x  1 million; 0.1 3-83. (a) 3000 (b) 1431.18
(c) 0.052 for 1 million  x  5 million;
2-99. (a) 0.9847 (b) 0.1184 Section 3-8
0.7 for 5 million  x  10 mil-
lion; 1 for 10 million  x 3-87. (a) 0.4623 (b) 0.0002
Supplemental (c) 0.9866 (d) E(X )  0.8,
3-31. F(x)  0 for x  0; 0.008 for
2-101. The sample space S  {A, A
D1, 0  x  1; 0.104 for 1  x  2; V(X )  0.539
A
D2, A
D3, A
D4, A
D5} 0.488 for 2  x  3; 1 for 3  x 3-89. F(X )  0 for x  0; 16 for 0 
2-103. (a) 0.19 (b) 0.15 (c) 0.99 3-33. (a) 1 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.5 x  1; 23 for 1  x  2; 2930
(d) 0.80 (e) 0.158 (d) 0.5 for 2  x  3; 1 for 3  x
2-105. (a) No (b) No (c) 40240 3-35. (a) 1 (b) 0.75 (c) 0.25 3-91. (a) 0.1201 (b) 0.8523
(d) 200240 (e) 234400 (d) 0.25 (e) 0 (f) 0 3-93. (a) 0.7069 (b) 0.0607
(f) 1 (c) 0.2811
2-107. (a) 0.282 (b) 0.718
Section 3-4
2-109. 0.996 Section 3-9
2-111. (a) 0.0037 (b) 0.811 3-37. E(X )  2, V(X )  2
3-97. (a) 0.0183 (b) 0.2381
2-113. (a) 0.0778 (b) 0.00108 3-39. E(X )  0, V(X )  1.5
(c) 0.1954 (d) 0.0298
3-41. E(X )  6.1 million,
(c) 0.947 3-99. E(X )  2.996, V(X )  2.996
2-115. (a) 0.9764 (b) 0.680 V(X )  7.89 million2
3-101. (a) 0.0045 (b) 0.3679
2-117. (a) 0.207 (b) 0.625 (c) 0.6 3-43. E(X )  2.4, V(X )  0.48
(c) 0.1353 (d) 0.2642
3-45. x  24
2-119. (a) 0.453 (b) 0.261 3-103. (a) 4.54  105 (b) 0.6321
(c) 0.881 (d) 0.547 3-105. (a) 0.6065 (b) 8.9  105
(e) 0.783 (f) 0.687 Section 3-5 (c) 0.00146
2-121. 1.58  107 3-47. E(X )  2, V(X )  0.667
3-49. E(X )  0.17, V(X )  0.0002 Supplemental
CHAPTER 3 3-51. E(X )  590.45, V(X )  0.0825 3-107. 0.3714
3-109. (a) 0.0117 (b) 1.3333
Section 3-1 Section 3-6 3-111. (a) 0.1755 (b) 0.0858
3-1. {0, 1, 2, . . . , 1000} 3-57. (a) 0.2461 (b) 0.0547 (c) 0.2873
3-3. {0, 1, 2, . . . , 99999} (c) 0.0107 (d) 0.3223 3-113. 0.9810
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APPENDIX C 681

3-115. 4-35. (a) E(X )  1.85 min, V(X )  4-93. (a) 5 (b) 0.1353 (c) No
x 2 3 4 5 6 0.0408 min2 (b) 0.7143 (d) 11.51
f(x) 0.0025 0.01 0.03 0.065 0.13 (c) F(x)  (x  1.5)0.7 for
x 7 8 9 10 1.5  x  2.2 Section 4-10
f(x) 0.18 0.2225 0.2 0.16 4-37. (b) 0.25 (c) 0.2140
4-97. (a) 0.1755 (b) 0.2643
3-117. 299 (d) E(X )  0.2100 m,
4-99. (a) 50,000 (b) 0.677
3-119. (a) 4.1  105 (b) 10 V(X )  0.00000833 m2
4-101. (a) 500,000 (b) 223607
(c) 0.9995 (c) 0.0803
Section 4-6
3-121. (a) 0.6 (b) 0.8 (c) 0.7 4-103. (a) 0.1429 (b) 0.1847
(d) 3.9 (e) 3.09 4-39. (a) 0.90658 (b) 0.99865 4-105. (a) 120 (b) 1.32934
3-123. (a) 0.2408 (b) 0.4913 (c) 0.07353 (d) 0.98422 (c) 11.6317
3-125. (a) 0.3233 (b) 0.0916 (e) 0.95116
3-127. 0.0738 4-41. (a) 1.28 (b) 0 (c) 1.28
(d) 1.28 (e) 1.33 Section 4-11
3-129. (a) 0.3679 (b) 50.51
4-43. (a) 0.93319 (b) 0.69146 4-109. (a) 12,000 (b) 3.61  1010
(c) 0.9234
(c) 0.9545 (d) 0.00135 4-111. (a) 0.5273 (b) 8862.3
(e) 0.15866 (c) 0.00166
CHAPTER 4 4-45. (a) 0.93319 (b) 0.89435 4-113. (a) 0.275 (b) 0.685
(c) 0.38292 (d) 0.80128 4-115. (a) 443.11 (b) 53650.5
Section 4-2
(e) 0.54674 (c) 0.2212
4-1. (a) 0.3670 (b) 0.2858 (c) 0
4-47. (a) 0.99379 (b) 0.13591
(d) 0.9817 (e) 0.0498
(c) 5835 Section 4-12
4-3. (a) 0.4375 (b) 0.7969
4-49. (a) 0.0082 (b) 0.72109 4-117. (a) 0.9332 (b) 20952.2
(c) 0.5625 (d) 0.7031
(c) 0.564 (c) E(X )  13359.7,
(e) 0.5
4-51. (a) 0.00135 (b) 0.15866 V(X )  1.45  1012
4-5. (a) 0.5 (b) 0.4375 (c) 0.125
(c) 71.6 min 4-119. (a) 0.983 (b) 0.45
(d) 0 (e) 1 (f ) 0.9655
4-53. (a) 0.02275 (b) 0.47725 4-121.
 3.45, 2  2.25
4-7. (a) 0.5 (b) 49.8
(c) 0.336
4-9. (a) 0.10 (b) 2.5
4-55. (a) 0.15866 (b) 90.0
Supplemental
Section 4-3 (c) 99.73%
4-57. (a) 0.15245 (b) 125.6 4-125. 0.25x 2  x  1 for 2  x  4
4-11. (a) 0.56 (b) 0.7 (c) 0 (d) 0 4-127. (a) 0.3935 (b) 0.3834
4-59. (a) 0.06681 (b) 0.86638
4-13. 1  ex for x  0 (c) 23.03
(c) 0.000214
4-15. 1  e(x4) for x  4 4-129. (a) 0.423 (b) 50
4-17. (a) 1.25x  93.25 for 4-133. (a)
 3.43, 2  0.96
Section 4-7
74.6  x  75.4 (b) 0.5 (b) 0.946
4-21. F(x)  0 for x  0; 0.25x2 for 4-61. (a) 0.075 (b) 0.85
4-63. (a) 0.129 (b) 0.488 4-135. (a) 0.6915 (b) 0.683
0  x  2; 1 for x  2 (c) 1.86
4-65. 0.013
4-67. 0.966 4-137. (a) 0.0062 (b) 0.0124
Section 4-4
4-71. (b) 330 (c) 0.0089 (c) 5.33
4-23. E(X )  2.6667, V(X )  0.8889 4-139. 0.0008 to 0.0032
4-25. E(X )  4.083, V(X )  0.3291 4-141.   11,398
Section 4-9
4-27. (a) E(X )  109.39 m, 4-143. (a) 0.5633 (b) 737.5
V(X )  33.19 m2 4-73. (a) 0.3679 (b) 0.1353
4-145. (a) 0.984 (b) 0.834
(b) $54.70 (c) 0.0498 (d) 29.96
4-29. (a) E(X )  5.1 mm, V(X )  4-75. (a) 0.333 min (b) 0.333 min
0.01 mm2 (b) 0.3679 (c) 0.9986
4-77. (a) 0.1353 (b) 0.4866 CHAPTER 5
Section 4-5 (c) 0.2031 (d) 34.54 Section 5-1
4-31. (a) E(X )  3.5, V(X )  1.33, 4-79. (a) 0.0498 (b) 0.8775 5-1. f 1x, y2 0, g f 1x, y2  1
X  1.155 (b) 0.25 4-81. (a) 0.0025 (b) 0.6321 5-3. E(X )  1.8125,
4-33. (a) E(X )  50, V(X )  0.0208, 4-83. (a) 0.1353 (b) 0.2707 (c) 5 E(Y)  2.875
X  0.144 (b) F(x)  2x 4-85. (a) 0.2212 (b) 0.2865 5-5. c  136
99.5 for 49.75  x  50.25 (c) 0.2212 5-7. E(X )  2.167 , V(X )  0.639,
(c) 0.7 4-87. 0.8488 E(Y)  2.167, V(Y)  0.639
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682 APPENDIX C ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES

5-9. f 1x, y2  0, g f 1x, y2  1 5-49. 215 5-99. (a) 0.0631 (b) 0.122
5-11. E(X )  18, E(Y)  14 5-51. (a) (x  1)7.5 for 0  x  1, (c) E(X )  2, V(X )  1.8
5-13. X  0, Y  0 and X  Y  4 27.5 for 1  x  4 (d) fX 19(0)  0.667,
5-15. (b) fX (0)  0.2338, fX (1)  (b) 0.5 for 0  y  2 fX 19(1)  0.333
0.4188, fX (2)  0.2679, (c) 1 (d) 0.25 (e) 13
fX (3)  0.0725, fX (4)  5-53. (a) 0.0439, 0.0019 5-103. (b) 13 (c) No
0.0070 (b) 0.065 5-105. (a) 0.0093 (b) 0.5787
(c) E(X )  1.2 (c) 0.75 (d) 0.2199
(d) fY 0 3 102  0.857, Section 5-4 (e) 2.25 (f) 1.3333
fY 03 112  0.143, 5-107. (a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 1
for
5-55. (a) 0.25 (b) 0.0625 (c) 1
(e) E 1Y 0 X  32  0.143 (d) 1 (e) 23 x2  y2  1
5-57. (a) 2x for 0  x  1 (d) 221  x2
for 1 x  1
(b) 0.25 5-109. 34
Section 5-2
5-61. 6 5-111. (a) 0.085 (b) Bin(10, 0.3)
5-17. (a) 0.5 (b) 0.35 (c) 0.5
5-63. (a) 3(x  1)2 for 0  x  1 (c) 3
(d) 0.8 (e) 1.5
5-19. P 1X  1 0 Y  1, Z  22  0.4,
(b) 6(1  x  y) for 0  x, 5-113. (a) 0.499 (b) 0.5
P 1X  2 0 Y  1, Z  22  0.6
0  y and x  y  1 5-115. (a) 0.057 (b) 0.057
(c) 1 for x  0 5-119. (a) E(T)  1.5, V(T)  0.078
5-21. (a) 0 (b) 0.072 (c) 0.736 (b) 0
(d) 4(1  2x) for x  0.5
(d) 1 (c) E(P)  4, V(P)  0.568
5-65. (a) 0.032 (b) 0.0267
5-23. (a) x  0, y  0, z  0, 5-121.   5,   13
xyz4
(b) No Section 5-5
5-25. (a) 0.1758 (b) 0.2198 5-67. XY  0.703, XY  0.885
CHAPTER 6
(c) E(X )  1.067, 5-69. c  136, XY  136,
V(X )  0.6146 XY  0.0435 Section 6-1
5-27. (a) Yes (b) 0.1944 5-71. XY  13, XY  12 6-1. x  74.0044, s  0.00473
(c) 0.0001 5-73. c  9.5, XY  1.852, 6-3. x  7068.1, s  226.5
5-29. (a) 0.7347 (b) 0 XY  0.928 6-5. x  43.975, s  12.294
(c) P 1X  0 0 Y  22  0.0204, 5-75. X and Y are independent and 6-7.   5.44
P 1X  1 0 Y  22  0.2449, XY  XY  0 6-11. (a) x  7.184
P 1X  2 0 Y  22  0.7347 (b) s  0.02066
(c) E 1X 0 Y  22  1.7142 Section 5-6 6-13. (a) x  65.85, s  12.16
5-31. (a) binomial p  0.03, n  3 (c) x  66.86, s  10.74
5-81. 0.827
E(X )  0.03, V(X )  0.0297
(b) P(X  0  Y  2)  0.98958, Section 6-3
P(X  1  Y  2)  0.01042 Section 5-7
6-19.
(c) E(X  Y  2)  0.01042, 5-87. (a) 30 (b) 97 (c) 0.5 Variable N Median Q1 Q3
V(X  Y  2)  0.01031 (d) 0.846 cycles 70 1436.5 1097.8 1735.0
5-89. (a) E(T )  4, T  0.1414 6-21.
Section 5-3 (b) 0.017 Variable N Median Q1 Q3
5-91. (a) E(D)  18, D  0.140 yield 90 89.250 86.100 93.125
5-35. (a) 0.4444 (b) 0.6944
(b) 0.187 (c) 0.187 6-25. x  260.7, s  13.03, and
(c) 0.5833 (d) 0.3733 (e) 2
5-93. (a) 0.05 (b) 0.023 ~x  261.15
(f) 0
(c) 12.129 6-27. (b) x  89, s  2.8, and
5-37. 124
(d) 0.388 (e) 136 ~x  90 (c) 2240
5-39. (a) (2x  1)12 for 0  x  3
5-95. (a) 0.023 (b) 4558
(b) (y  1)6 for 1  y  3
(c) 2.111 Section 6-5
(d) 0.4167 Supplemental 6-43. (a) x  4.0 (b) s2  0.867,
(e) (2  x)6 for 0  x  2 5-97. (a) 38 (b) 34 (c) 34 s  0.931
5-43. 10 (d) 38 6-45. (a) x  952.44, s2  9.55,
5-45. (a) 10(e2x  e5x)3 for 0  x (e) E(X )  78, V(X )  s  3.09
(b) 3.157e3y for 0  y  1 3964, E(Y )  78, (b) ~x  953, largest value can
(c) 0.089 (d) 2e2x4 for 2  x V(Y )  3964 increase by any amount
appC.qxd 8/6/02 2:10 PM Page 683

APPENDIX C 683

6-47. (a) x  48.125, ~x  49 CHAPTER 8 Section 8-7

(b) s2  7.246, s  2.692 8-61. (0.408, 2.092)
Section 8-2
8-63. (15.14, 18.82)
Supplemental 8-1. 97.93%, 99.36%, and 96.78%
8-65. (8.16, 8.30)
8-67. 13.91, 2
8-3. (a) 1.29 (b) 1.65 (c) 2.33
6-73. (a) x  65.083
8-5. 3
(b) s2  1.86869, s  1.367 8-69. (1.06, 1.14)
8-7. (a) Longer (b) No
6-75. (a) Sample 1: range  4;
(c) Yes
Sample 2: range  4 Supplemental
8-9. (89.471, 91.489)
(b) Sample 1: s  1.604; 8-71. (a) 0.1  P-value  0.25
8-11. (a) (74.0353, 74.0367)
Sample 2: s  1.852 (b) 0.05  P-value  0.1
(b) (74.0355, )
6-79. (b) x  9.325, s  4.48586 (c) P-value  0.00539
8-13. (a) (3232.11, 3267.89)
(b) (3226.5, 3273.5) 8-75. (a) 40 (b) 23
8-15. 267 8-77. 2178.51  Xn1  2341.49
CHAPTER 7 8-79. (a) Yes
8-17. 4
Section 7-2 (b) 0.618    0.630
Section 8-3 (c) 0.588  Xn1  0.660
7-1. Estimator 1
(d) (0.583, 0.665)
7-3. Estimator 2 8-19. t0.025,15  2.131, t0.05,10  1.812,
8-81. (a) Yes
7-5. 2.5 t0.10,20  1.325, t0.005,25  2.787,
(b) 2.270    4.260
7-7. Estimator 3 is most efficient; t0.001,30  3.385
(c) 1.297  Xn1  7.827
estimator 2 is the best unbiased 8-21. (a) t0.05,14  1.761
(d) (3.113, 10.363)
estimator. (b) t0.01,19  2.359
8-83. (a) 0.0021  p  0.0088
7-11. (a) 75.427 (b) 75.1 (c) t0.001,24  3.467
(b) Yes
(c) 2  2.214,   1.488 8-23. (1.108, )
8-85. (a) 0.210  p  0.274
(d) 0.292 (e) 0.0385 8-25. (a) Yes (b) (16.455, 17.505)
(b) 0.204  p  0.280
1 8-27. (a) Yes (b) (8.216, 8.244)
7-13. (a) Yes (b)  8-29. (4.023, )
12
8-31. (1.093, 1.106) CHAPTER 9
21 22
7-15. (b) se   Section 9-1
B n1 n2
Section 8-4
7-17. (b) 9-1. (a) Yes (b) No (c) No
8-33. 20.05,10  18.31,
2n  11  2 2an (d) No (e) No
se 1 2  1 20.025,15  27.49,
2 1
B n1n2 9-3. (a) 0 (b) 0.02275
20.01,12  26.22,
9-5. 11.5875
an1 20.005,25  46.93,
(c)   (d) 0.10 20.95,20  10.85,
9-7. (a) 0.09296 (b) 0.04648
n2  an1 (c) 0.00005
20.99,18  7.01,
9-9. (a) Reject H0 (b) 0.00889
Section 7-3 20.995,16  5.14
9-11. (a) 182.9 (b) 0.00776
8-35. 0.00003075
2
7-31. (a) 423.33, 82.4464 9-13. (a) 0.0164 (b) 0.21186
8-37. 7,975,727.09
2
9-17. (a) 0.08535 (b) 0
Section 7-5 8-39. 0.31

0.46
9-19. (a) 0.29372 (b) 0.25721
8-41. 3.8  
7-33. 0.8385
7-35. 0.43055 Section 9-2
Section 8-5
7-37. 0.3472 9-21. (a) z0  0.36, do not reject H0
7-39. 12 8-43. 622 (b) P-value  0.71884 (c) 5
7-41. 0.2313 8-45. 666 (d) 0.68054 (e) (87.85, 93.11)
7-43. (a) 0.5885 8-47. 5759 9-23. (a) z0  1.69, do not reject H0
(b) 0.1759 (b) 0.091028 (c) 0 (d) 1
7-45. 0.983 Section 8-6 9-25. (a) z0  14.43, reject H0
8-49. 52131.1  Xn1  68148.3 (b) 0 (c) (3232.11, 3267.89)
Supplemental 8-51. 263.5  Xn1  370.9 9-27. (a) z0  1.55, do not reject H0
7-49. X1  X2  N 15, 0.22332 8-53. 2193.5  Xn1  2326.5 (b) 0.02938 (c) 1
7-51. 0.8664 8-55. 3.19  Xn1  4.19 (d) (99.888, )
7-53. 1 (approximately) 8-57. 2.56  Xn1  3.22 9-29. (a) z0  1.77, reject H0 (b) 1
7-55. 0 (approximately) 8-59. 228.1  Xn1  235.2 (c) 35 (d) (4.003, )
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684 APPENDIX C ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES

Section 9-3 Supplemental 10-29. (14.34, 21.94)

9-31. (a) t0  3.48, reject H0, 9-71. (a) p(1  p)50 10-31. (b) t0  2.558, reject H0
P-value  0.002 (b) p(1  p)80 (c) P-value  0.020
(b) 1 (c) 35 (c) p(1  p)100 (d) 0.05 (e) n  51
(d) (98.065, 98.463) 9-73. (a)   0.564 (f ) (1.86, 18.94)
(e) Yes (b)   0.161
9-33. (a) t0  1.46, do not reject (c)   0.116 Section 10-4
H0, P-value  0.156 9-75. (a) 0.61026 (b) 0.995 10-33. (0.1694, 0.3778)
(b) Yes (c) 0.85 (d) 51 (c) 0.9988 10-35. t0  0.357, cannot reject H0
(e) (129.406, 130.100) 9-79. (a) 02  5.546, reject H0 10-37. (727.46, 2464.21)
9-35. t0  4.47, reject H0, (b) 0.01  P-value  0.025 10-39. t0  5.465, reject H0
P-value  0.0005 9-81. (a) 02  1.75, do not reject H0 10-41. t0  8.387, reject H0
9-37. (a) t0  5.35, do not reject H0 9-83. (a) 02  17.929, reject H0 10-43. t0  3.45, reject H0
(b) P-value  0.4 (b) P-value  0.0123
(c) 0.75 (d) 38 9-85. (a) 02  63.36, reject H0 Section 10-5
9-39. (a) t0  2.806, reject H0 9-87. (a) z0  7.32, reject H0 10-45. (a) 1.59 (b) 2.28 (c) 2.64
(b) P-value  0.004 (c) 1 (b) P-value  0 (d) 0.529 (e) 0.524
(d) 3 (c) 02  12.0, reject H0 (f) 0.311
9-41. (a) t0  3.018, reject H0 9-89. (b) t0  1.608, do not reject H0 10-47. f0  0.657, cannot reject H0
(b) P-value  0.0038 (c) 0.8 (c) 0.1  P-value  0.2 10-49. No
(d) 38 10-51. (a) (0.08775, 3.594)
(b) (0.0585, 5.3)
Section 9-4 CHAPTER 10 (c) (0.137, )
9-43. (a) 02  8.96, do not reject H0 Section 10-2 10-53. f0  0.297, cannot reject H0
(b) 0.5  P-value  0.9 10-1. (a) Yes, cannot reject H0 10-55. f0  0.2575, cannot reject H0
(c) 50 (b) P-value  0.3222 10-57. (0.3369, 2.640)
9-45. (a) 02  4984.83, reject H0 (c) 0.9967 10-59. f0  0.640, cannot reject H0
(b) P-value  0.005 (d) (0.0098, 0.00298)
9-47. (a) 02  109.52, reject H0 (e) 9 Section 10-6
(b) 0.31    0.46 10-3. 1, Yes 10-61. z0  1.49, cannot reject H0
9-49. 30 10-5. (a) (0.0987, 0.2813) 10-63. (a) 0.81859 (b) 383
(b) (0.0812, 0.299) 10-65. (a) z0  3.42, reject H0,
Section 9-5 (c) (, 0.2813) P-value  0.00062
9-51. 0.639, 118 10-7. (a) (3.684, 2.116) 10-67. (0.0434, 0.1616)
9-53. (a) z0  0.53, do not reject H0 (b) z0  7.254 reject H0
(b) P-value  0.29806 (c) P-value  0 Supplemental
9-55. (a) z0  0.452, do not reject H0 10-9. 11 10-69. (1.40, 8.36)
(b) P-value  0.67364 10-11. (a) (5.83, 0.57) (b) Yes 10-71. (a) t0  2.554, reject H0
9-57. (a)   0.0853 (b)   0 10-13. z0  2.385, reject H0 (b) t0  2.554, cannot reject H0
10-15. Yes (c) t0  1.986, cannot reject H0
Section 9-7 (d) t0  1.986, cannot
9-59. (a) 02  7.2, do not reject H0 Section 10-3 reject H0
(b) 0.05  P-value  0.10 10-17. (a) t0  0.230, do not reject H0 10-73. (a) z0  6.55, reject H0
9-61. (a) 02  1.72, do not reject H0 (b) P-value  0.80 (b) z0  6.55, reject H0
(b) 0.5  P-value  0.9 (c) (0.394, 0.494) 10-75. (a) (0.0335, 0.0329)
9-63. (a) 02  1.053, do not reject H0 10-19. (a) t0  3.11, reject H0 (b) (0.0282, 0.0276)
(b) 0.1  P-value  0.5 (b) (5.688, 0.3122) (c) (0.0238, 0.0232),
10-21. (a) t0  2.83, reject H0 (0.0203, 0.0200)
Section 9-8 (b) 0.010  P-value  0.020 10-79. 60
9-65. (a) 02  11.65, do not reject H0 (c) (0.111, 0.749) 10-81. 26
(b) 0.05  P-value  0.10 10-23. (17.235, 44.765) 10-83. (a) No (b) Yes
9-67. (a) 02  25.55, reject H0 10-25. t0  5.499, P-value  0.0010 (d) (18.124, 294.35)
(b) P-value  0.005 10-27. (a) t0  3.03, reject H0 10-85. (b) t0  6.06, reject H0
9-69. (a) 02  10.71, do not reject H0 (b) 0.005  P-value  0.010 10-87. (b) t0  0.512, cannot
(b) 0.05  P-value  0.10 (c) t0  3.03, reject H0 reject H0 (c) 16
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APPENDIX C 685

10-89. (b) t0  2.74, reject H0 (b) se1 1 2  0.0256613, 11-59. (a) t0  5.47, reject H0,
(c) 0.8 (d) 26 se1 0 2  2.13526 P-value  0
(c) t0  4.59573, reject H0 (b) (0.3358, 0.8007) (c) Yes
P-value  0.00022 11-61. (a) r  0.933203
CHAPTER 11 (d) t0  57.8957, reject H0 (b) t0  10.06, reject H0
Section 11-2 P-value  0.00001 (c)  0  0.72538,
11-1. (a)  0  48.013,  1  2.330 (e) t0  2.7651, reject H0  1  0.498081,
(b) 37.99 (c) 39.39 (d) 6.71 P-value  0.0064 f0  101.16, reject H0
11-3. (a)  0  0.4631476, (d) t0  0.468345, do not
 1  0.0074902 Section 11-6 and Section 11-7 reject H0
(b)  1  0.00749 11-31. (a) (2.9175, 1.7421) Supplemental
11-5. (a)  0  13.3202, (b) (46.7145, 49.3114) 11-65. (a)  0  93.34,  1  15.64
 1  3.32437, (c) (41.3293, 43.0477) (b) f0  12.872, reject H0
 2  8.76775 (d) (38.4289, 46.1281) (c) (7.961, 23.322)
(b) 38.253 (c) 2.0273 11-33. (a) (0.00961, 0.00444) (d) (74.758, 111.923)
11-7. (a)  0  33.5348, (b) (16.2448, 27.3318) (e) (126.18, 138.70)
 1  0.0353971, (c) (7.91433, 10.37167) 11-67. (b)  0  0.8819,
 2  13.392 (d) (4.07214, 14.21386)  1  0.00385
(b) 28.226 (c) 1.50048 11-35. (a) (9.10130, 9.31543) (c) f0  122.03, reject H0
11-9. (b)  0  9.8131, (b) (11.6219, 1.04911) (d) No. (e)  *0  0.5967,
 1  0.171484, (c) (498.72024, 501.52776)  *1  0.00097
 2  1.9818 (d) (495.57344, 504.67456) 11-69. y  0.7916x

(c) 4.76301 11-37. (a) (0.03689, 0.010183) 11-71. (b)  0  193,  1  15.296
11-11. (b)  0  0.470467, (b) (47.0877, 14.0691) (c) (4.912, 35.504)
 1  20.5673, (c) (44.0897, 49,1185) 11-75. (b)  0  66,  1  0.930
 2  13.81 (d) (37.8298, 55.3784) (c) f0  19.79, reject H0
(c) 21.038 (d) 1.6629 11-39. (a) (201.552, 226.590) R2  71.2%
11-17.  0  0,  1  21.031461 (b) (4.67015, 2.346960) (d) t0  0.1953, cannot
(c) (111.8339, 145.7941) reject H0
Section 11-5 11-41. (a) (43.1964, 30.7272)
11-19. (a) f0  73.95, P-value  (b) (2530.09, 2720.68) CHAPTER 12
0.000001, reject H0 (c) (1823.7833, 1948.5247)
Section 12-1
(b) se1 1 2  0.0004839, (d) (1668.9013, 2103.4067)
se1 0 2  0.04091
171.054
Section 11-8 12-1. (b)   3.713
11-21. (a) t0  8.518, reject H0
(b) f0  72.5563, reject H0 11-43. (d) R2  76.73% 1.126
(c) se1 1 2  0.3902, 11-45. (a) R2  20.1121% (c) 189.481
se1 0 2  2.5717 (c) Yes 12-3. (b) 2
(d) t0  5.2774, reject H0 11-47. (a) R2  71.27% 12-5. (a) y  33.4491  0.05435x1 
11-23. (a) f0  4.53158, do not reject 11-49. (a) R2  85.22% 1.07822x2
H0, P-value  0.04734 (b) 8.03 (c) 19.30
(b) se1 1 2  0.0166281, Section 11-10 12-7. (a) y  383.80  3.6381x1 
se1 0 2  2.61396 11-55. (a)  0  0.0280411, 0.1119x2
(c) t0  0.87803, P-value   1  0.990987 (b)  2  153.0, se1 0 2  36.22,
0.804251, do not reject H0 (b) f0  79.838, reject H0 se1 1 2  0.5665,
(d) t0  12.8291, P-value  0, (c) 0.903 (d) t0  8.9345, se1 2 2  0.04338
reject H0 reject H0 (c) 180.95
11-25. (a) f0  44.6567, reject H0 (e) z0  3.879, reject H0 (d) y  484.0  7.656
P-value  0.000003 (f) (0.7677, 0.9615) x1  0.222
(b) se1 1 2  0.0256613, 11-57. (a) r  0.738027 x2  0.0041 x12
se1 0 2  2.13526 (b) t0  5.577, reject H0, (e)  2  147.0, se1 0 2  101.3,
(c) t0  4.59573, reject H0, P-value  0.00000738 se1 1 2  3.846,
P-value  0.00022 (c) (0.871, 0.504) se1 2 2  0.113,
11-27. (a) f0  155, reject H0 (d) z0  0.394, do not reject se1 12 2  0.0039
P-value  0.00001 H0, P-value  0.6936 (f) 31.3
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686 APPENDIX C ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES

12-9. (a) y  47.174  9.7352 x1 (b) (272.44, 308.44) 12-57. (a) y  4.656  0.511x3 
 0.4283x2  18.2375x3 (c) (257.25, 323.64) 0.124x4
(b) 12 (c) se1 0 2  49.5815, 12-31. (a) 0.595  2  0.535, (b) Same as part (a)
se1 1 2  3.6916, 0.229  3  0.812, (c) Same as part (a)
se1 2 2  0.2239, 0.216  4  0.013, (d) All models are the same
se1 3 2  1.312 (d) 91.43 7.298  5  2.977 12-59. (a) y  0.304  0.083x1 
12-11. y  8.0119  0.494x1 (b) (7.982, 10.009) 0.031x3  0.004x22,
 0.0018x2  0.0023x3 (c) (6.8481, 11.143) Cp  4.04, MSE  0.004
 0.0383x4  0.2068x5 12-33. (a) 0.00003  Temp  (b) y  0.256  0.078x1 
 0.0128x6  0.030x7 0.00012, 0.00203  soaktime 0.022x2  0.042x3 
 0.0407x8  0.2083x9  0.00288, 0.02306 0.0008x23,
 2  2.32, se1 0 2  16.18,  soakpct  0.05976, Cp  4.66, MSE  0.004
se1 1 2  0.0481, 0.00501  DFtime  12-61. (a) Min. Cp: x1, x9, Cp  1.67
se1 2 2  0.0064, 0.01056, 0.01969  (b) Min. MSE: x1, x7, x9,
se1 3 2  0.0209, Diffpct  0.01342 MSE  1.67, Cp  0.77
se1 4 2  0.0515, (b) (0.0206, 0.0234) (c) Max. adjusted R2 : x1, x7, x9,
se1 5 2  0.2611, 12-35. (a) (0.3882, 0.5998) Adj. R2  0.98448
se1 6 2  0.0266, (b) y  5.767703 
se1 7 2  0.038, 0.496501xPts Supplemental
se1 8 2  0.1483, (c) (0.4648, 0.5282) 12-65. (a) f0  1323.62, reject H0
se1 9 2  0.1110 P-value  0.00001
Section 12-5 (b) Only regressor x4 is
Section 12-2 12-37. (a) 0.82897 (d) No significant H0
12-13. (a) 260.09, reject H0 12-39. (a) 0.985 (b) 0.99 12-67. (a) y  0.908  5.482x1* 
(b) reject H0 both significant 12-41. (b) 0.9937 1.126x2*  3.920x3*  1.143x4*
12-15. (a) f0  25.7465, reject H0 12-43. (a) 0.9582 (c) 32 (b) f0  109.02, reject H0, all
P-value  0.000001 12-45. (a) 0.12 regressors are significant
(b) Reject H0, all coefficients (b) 17 and 18 12-69. (a) y  3982.1  1.0964x1 
are significant 0.1843x3  3.7456x4 
12-17. (a) f0  53.3162, reject H0 Section 12-6 0.8343x5  16.2781x6,
(b) Only 1 is significant 12-47. (a) y  1.633  1.232x  MS E ( p)  694.93, Cp  5.62
12-19. (a) f0  10.08, P-value  0.005 1.495x2 (b) y  4280.2  1.442x1 
(b) Only 1 is significant (b) f0  1858613, reject H0 0.209x3  0.6467x5 
12-21. (a) f0  67.92, reject H0 (c) t0  601.64, reject H0 17.5103x6, MSE ( p) 
(b) f0  1.07, do not reject H0 12-49. (a) 802.943 714.20, Cp  5.57
(c) 147.0 (b) y  26204.14  189.09x (c) Same as model b
12-23. (a) f0  850.55, reject H0  0.331x2 12-71. VIF1 *3 2  51.86,
(b) Regression coefficients for 12-51. (a) y  1.769  0.421x1  VIF1 4 2  9.11
x1 and x3 are significant 0.222x2  0.128x3  VIF1 5 2  28.99
12-25. (a) f0  101.79, reject H0 0.02x1x2  0.009x1x3  12-73. (a) f0  18.28, reject H0
(b) Only regression coefficient 0.003x2x3  0.019x12  (b) f0  2, do not reject H0
for PTS is significant 0.007x22  0.001x32
(c) y  5.531  0.497xPTS  (b) f0  19.628, reject H0
0.004xPPG, f0  510.12 (d) f0  1.612, do not reject H0
CHAPTER 13
reject H0 only regressor 12-55. (a) Min. MSE: x1, x3, x4, x5, x7, Section 13-2
PTS is significant x8, x10, MSE  6.58, 13-1. (a) Reject H0
Cp  5.8, Min. Cp: x5, x8, x10, (b) Model is satisfactory
Section 12-3 and Section 12-4 Cp  5.02, MSE  7.97 13-3. (a) Reject H0 (b) P-value  0
12-27. (a) (0.00657, 0.00122) (b) y  34.434  0.048x1, 13-5. (a) Reject H0 (c) (140.71,
(b) 0.497648 (c) (7.16, 9.22) MSE  8.81, Cp  5.55 149.29), (7.36, 24.14)
12-29. (a) 0.0972  1  1.4174, (c) Same as part (b) 13-7. (a) Do not reject H0
1.9646  2  17.0026, (d) y  0.341  2.862x5  (b) P-value  0.214
1.7953  3  6.7613, 0.246x8  0.010x10, 13-9. (a) Reject H0
1.7941  4  0.8319 MSE  7.97, Cp  5.02 (b) P-value  0.002
appC.qxd 8/6/02 4:46 PM Page 687

APPENDIX C 687

(d) (69.17, 81.81) 14-21. (b) Factors A, B, and AB Catalyst Concentration are sig-
(e) (8.42, 26.33) (c) y  400  40.124x1  nificant
13-19. 5 32.75x2  26.625x1x2 14-43. The salts, application levels, and
the interaction between salts and
Section 13-3 Section 14-8 application levels are significant
13-21. (a) Reject H0 (b) 0.01412 14-23. Block 1: (1) ab ac bc 14-45. There are no significant factors
(c) 0.0148 Block 2: a b c abc 14-47. (a) The factors V, P, G, and PG
13-23. (a) Do not reject H0 (b) 0 There are no significant factors are significant. Effects
(c) 24 14-25. Block 1: (1) ac bd abcd P  10.75, V  15.75,
Block 2: a c abd bcd G  25.00, PG  19.25
Section 13-4 Block 3: b abc d acd (b) y  102.75  7.88x1 
13-25. (a) Reject H0 Block 4: ab bc ad cd 5.37x2  12.50x4 
13-27. (a) Do not reject H0 Factor A is significant 9.62x2x4
13-29. (a) Do not reject H0 14-27. Block 1: (1) ab de acd bcd ace 14-49. The factors V and G are signifi-
bce abde cant at   0.10. y  100.63 
Supplemental Block 2: a b cd ce ade bde abce 14.12x1  13.13x4
13-31. (a) Reject H0 abcd 14-51. Design Generators: D  AB,
(c) (132.97, 147.83) Block 3: d e bc bd abd abe acde E  AC; Defining Relations: I
13-35. (a) Reject H0 bcde  A B D  AC E  B C D E ;
(b) P-value  0.007 Block 4: c ad ae bd be abc cde Aliases: A  BD  CE, B 
13-37. (a) Reject H0 abcde AD  CDE, C  AE  BDE,
13-39. (a) 0.85 (b) 5 14-29. (a) Factors A, C, AB, and AC are D  AB  BCE, E  AC 
significant BCD, BC  DE, BE  CD
14-53. (a) E  ABCD (b) Factors A,
CHAPTER 14 Section 14-9 B, C, E, and interaction BE are
Section 14-4 14-31. (a) Factors A, B, and D are significant (c) Factor A is sig-
14-1. (a) Reject H0 for both main significant nificant in affecting variability
effects and the interaction (c) Factors A, B, D, AB, and
14-3. (a) Reject H0 for main effects AD are significant CHAPTER 15
14-7. (3.40, 7.64) 14-33. (b) Design Generators: D  AB,
14-9. (a) Reject H0 for both main E  AC; Defining Relation: I  Section 15-2
effects and the interaction ABD  ACE  BCDE; Aliases: 15-1. Do not reject H0, P-value 
A  BD  CD  ABCDE, B  0.109
Section 14-5 AD  CDE  ABCE; C  15-3. Reject H0, P-value  0.0002
14-11. (a) All these main effects are AE  BDE  ABCD, D  15-5. (a) Do not reject H0
significant and the hardwood AB  BCE  ACDE, E  (b) z0  0.577, P-value  0.281
concentration-freeness inter- AC  BCD  ABDE (c) A  15-7. z0  1.34, do not reject H0,
action is significant at 1.525, B  5.175, C  P-value  0.1802
  0.05. The P-value for 2.275, D  0.675, E  2.275 15-9. Do not reject H0
the hardwood-cooking time 14-35. 241 replicated twice 15-11. z0  2.24, reject H0
interaction is 0.075, it is 14-37. Factors A, B, and D are significant 15-13. Reject H0
possibly an important effect 14-39. Design Generators: D  AB, 15-15. z0  2.84, reject H0
as well. E  AC, F  BC; Defining 15-17. (a) 0.025 (b) 0.115
Relations: I  ABD  ACE  (c) 0.011 (d) 0.1587
Section 14-7 BCF  BCDE  ACDF  15-19. P-value  0.04
14-13. (a) Reject H0 for factors B, C, ABEF  DEF; Aliases: A 
and AC BD  CE, B  AD  CF, C  Section 15-3
(b) y  413.125  9.125x1  AE  BF, D  AB  EF, E  15-21. w  71  52, do not reject H0
45.12x2  35.87x3  AC  DF, F  BC  DE, 15-23. w  8  65, reject H0
59.62x1x3 AB  EF, AF  BE  CD 15-25. w  25  52, reject H0
14-15. y  175.25  4.12x1  15-27. w  1  25, reject H0
5.19x2  0.19x4  4.62x1x4 Supplemental
14-17. (b) Reject H0 for factor B 14-41. The main effect of pH and Section 15-4
14-19. (a) Factors A, B, C, and AB the interaction of pH and 15-29. w  38  23, do not reject H0
PQ220 6234F._ PP(C) 5/8/02 7:45 PM Page 688 RK UL 6 RK UL 6:Desktop Folder:TEMP WORK:PQ220 MONT 8/5/2002: NS_C:

688 APPENDIX C ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES

15-31. z0  2.78, do not reject H0, 16-5. (a) x chart: UCL  242.78, 16-27. (c) chart: UCL  19.06,
P-value  0.9973 CL  223, LCL  203.22 CL  9.708, LCL  0.3609
15-33. w  55  78, reject H0 R chart: UCL  72.51,
15-35. z0  3.77, reject H0, CL  34.286, LCL  0 Section 16-9
P-value  0.0001 (b)   223,   14.74 16-29. (a) 0.2177 (b) 4.6
16-7. (a) x chart: UCL  0.06347, 16-31. (a) 0.1020 (b) 9.8
Section 15-5 CL  0.06294, 16-33. (a) 0.0548 (b) 18.25
LCL  0.0624 R chart: 16-35. (a) 0.1515 (b) 6.6
15-37. Reject H0
UCL  0.001954, 16-37. (a) 0.16603 (b) 6.02
15-39. Do not reject H0
CL  0.000924, LCL  0
15-41. P-value  0.018
(b) x chart: UCL  0.06346, Section 16-10
CL  0.06295,
Supplemental 16-39. (a)   0.1695
LCL  0.06241 s chart:
15-43. Do not reject H0, P-value 1 16-41. (a) ARL  38.0
UCL  0.000766,
15-45. Do not reject H0 (b) ARL  10.4
CL  0.000367, LCL  0
15-47. Do not reject H0 (c) The points are 1, 5, 14, 17,
15-49. Reject H0 Supplemental
20, 21, and 22; or outside
15-51. Reject H0 the control limits of the 16-43. (a) x chart: UCL  64.0181,
15-53. Reject H0 R chart: 6 and 15 CL  64.0, LCL  63.982
15-55. Reject H0, P-value  0 R chart: UCL  0.0453972,
15-57. Reject H0, P-value  0.009 Section 16-6 CL  0.01764, LCL  0
(b)   64,   0.0104
16-9. (a) I chart: UCL  60.8887,
(c) PCR  0.641,
CL  53.05, LCL  45.2113
CHAPTER 16 (d) PCRk  0.641
MR chart: UCL  9.63382,
(e) 2  0.025,
Section 16-5 CL  2.94737, LCL  0
(f) 0.1705, ARL  5.87
16-1. (a) x chart: UCL  37.5789, (b)   53.05,   2.613
16-45. (a) p chart: UCL  0.20387,
CL  34.32, LCL  31.0611 16-11. (a) I chart: UCL  10.5358,
CL  0.11, LCL  0.01613
R chart: UCL  11.9461, CL  10.0272,
(b) p chart: UCL  0.1717,
CL  5.65, LCL  0 LCL  9.51856 MR chart:
CL  0.106,
UCL  0.625123,
(b) 1 point outside limits on LCL  0.04092
CL  0.19125, LCL  0
x chart. Revised limits: 16-47. (a) c chart: UCL  7.51442,
x chart: UCL  37.4038, CL  (b)   10.027,   0.1696
CL  2.64, LCL  0
34.0947, LCL  30.7857, (b) c chart: UCL  6.50924,
R chart: UCL  12.1297, Section 16-7 CL  2.1304, LCL  0
CL  5.7368, LCL  0 16-13. (a) PCR  PCRk  1.5 16-49. (b) 6.30 (c) 2
16-3. (a) x chart: UCL  17.40, (b) 0 16-51. (a) x chart: UCL  140.168,
CL  15.09, LCL  12.79 16-15. (a) 0.00075 (b) PCR  1.13, CL  139.49,
R chart: UCL  5.792, PCRk  1.104 LCL  138.812 R chart:
CL  2.25, LCL  0 16-17. (a) PCR  PCRk  1.18 UCL  2.48437,
(b) x chart: UCL  17.96, (b) 0.00046 CL  1.175, LCL  0
CL  15.78, LCL  16.62 16-19. (a) 0.0009 (b) PCR  1.13, (b) Revised control limits: x
R chart: UCL  5.453, PCRk  1.06 chart: UCL  140.518,
CL  2.118, LCL  0 16-21. PCR  0.50, PCRk  0.357 CL  139.808,
(c) x chart: UCL  17.42, 16-23. PCR  0.49, PCRk  0.474 LCL  139.098 R chart:
CL  15.09, LCL  12.77 UCL  2.6023,
s chart: UCL  3.051, Section 16-8 CL  1.231, LCL  0
CL  1.1188, LCL  0 16-25. (a) U chart: UCL  3.811, (c) PCR  1.26, PCRk  1.14
revised limits: x chart: CL  1.942, LCL  0.0722 (d) 2  0.091
UCL  17.95, CL  15.78, (b) Revised limits: U chart: (e) 0.1877, ARL  5.33
LCL  13.62, s chart: UCL  3.463, 16-53. (a) 0.96995 (b) 1
UCL  2.848, CL  1.109, CL  1.709, LCL  0 16-57. 0.000135
LCL  0