Mechanical Springs (Cont.) : Outline
Mechanical Springs (Cont.) : Outline
Mechanical Springs (Cont.) : Outline
)
Outline
Stress in springs
1
Mechanical Engineering Extension Springs
Typical hooks of extension spring
2
Mechanical Engineering Extension Springs
16 D 4
A = F K A 3 + 2
d d
4C12 C1 1 C1 =
2r1
KA =
4C1 (C1 1) d
8 FD
General design of a hook (a) and its side view (b)
B = KB
d 3
4C2 1 2r
The end turns with KB = C2 = 2
reduced diameter 4C2 4 d
to decrease end
hook stresses.
3
Mechanical Engineering Extension Springs
F = Fi + ky
N b = N full + N partial
N partial =
360o
32 Fl
= Ki
d 3
4C 2 C 1
Ki =
4C (C 1)
5
Mechanical Engineering Helical Torsion Springs
Spring rate of torsion springs:
l1
Fld 4E
k= =
64 DN a
l1 + l2
N a = Nb +
l2 3D
F Fl2 = Fl1
6
Mechanical Engineering Helical Torsion Springs
End-arrangement for torsion springs:
7
Mechanical Engineering Spiral Torsion Springs
8
Mechanical Engineering Beam Springs
9
Mechanical Engineering Beam Springs
Berlin eye
Redues unwrap moment if
plain end Downturned eye longitudinal loads exists,
sometimes welded if
longitudinal forces are high.
11
Mechanical Engineering Beam Springs
Multi-leaf spring
12
Mechanical Engineering
Beam Springs
13
Mechanical Engineering Miscellaneous Springs
14
Mechanical Engineering
Summary
F
Spring rate: k=
y
Combing springs in parallel: k = k1 + k 2 + ... + k n
1 1 1 1
Combing springs in series: = + + ... +
k k1 k 2 kn
D
Spring index: C=
d
d 4G
Spring rate of helical compr./ext. spring: k
8D 3 N a
1
0
2G + E
15
Mechanical Engineering
Summary
Estimation of Minimum Tensile strength of common spring wires:
A
Sut = m (See table 10-4 for A and m)
d
Estimation of torsional modulus of rupture:
S su = 0.67 Sut
Maximum shear stress in compression helical spring:
8 FD 4C + 2
= KB KB =
d 3 4C 3
Maximum shear stress in extension helical spring:
8 FD 4C2 1
= KB KB =
4C2 4
C2 =
2r2
d 3 d