Multisensory Activities to

Teach Reading Skills

Minnesota Literacy Council Summer Reads 2015

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 CONTENTS

About me 3
What is multisensory learning? 5
Who benefits from multisensory learning? 6
How effective are multisensory techniques? 7
Learning Types and Activities
Visual-Spatial 9
Auditory Learners 12
Tactile Learners 14
Kinesthetic learners 18
Activities involving taste and smell 20
Activities involving proprioception 21
Conclusion 22
Helpful websites 23
Pictures cited 24

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 A little bit about my experience and me
This summer I worked as a Summer Reads AmeriCorps
VISTA. My site was at Lake Harriet Lower School, through the
Minneapolis Public Schools Summer School program. I tutored
students grades K-3 in multiple classrooms four days a week.
Many of the students were English Language Learners, mainly
Hispanic and Somali. I have worked in the Minneapolis school
district for the past seven years as an educator of children with
special needs. I am currently in school at Augsburg College
pursuing my teaching license in special education.
I have had the privilege of working with some amazing
teachers who understand that not all children learn the same.
Children with special needs are not the only ones to benefit
from multisensory teaching techniques. Many special
education teachers do use these techniques because their
students learn a little differently. They need to develop more
brain pathways to learning. They need more repetition. They
may learn at a different pace. I have learned by watching these
amazing teachers, teaching children with special needs just
takes a little more patience and a lot of creativity.

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 Why I became interested in multisensory
learning
Most teaching curriculums only cater to the auditory-
visual learner. However, for some students, it is not natural
for them to learn this way. They need to move more or learn
through tactile projects. These same students that struggle so
much to read, write, learn and understand, have so many gifts
they dont see. They dont see how gifted an artist they are or
how well they comprehend oral language. They dont see how
well they dance or how intricately they build towers out of
blocks.
In my special education classroom, I work with students
of all levels of functioning. What they all have in common
though is that they all are unique learners. Many of my
students are tactile learners. Many have sensory integration
disorders. Many have hearing and vision impairments, as well
as cognitive impairments. Multi-sensory learning interests me
because without it, many of the students I work with are
always at a disadvantage because they learn differently. But
they do learn.
My past experience in the education field led me to
pursue further research in the area of multisensory teaching
instruction this summer. I wanted focus my time with the
students I tutored on multisensory learning. One, to see how
effective it was for teaching reading to young elementary
students, especially in terms of sight word recognition.
Secondly, because I knew I could have a lot of fun with my
students doing it.
Over the summer, I have worked with children of all ages,
ethnicities and skill levels. My focus with my students has
been on using multi-sensory techniques to teach reading skills
and sight word recognition. Although most of these techniques
are geared towards tactile/kinesthetic and auditory visual
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learning, I have included other senses, such as taste, smell and
proprioception. These techniques not only benefit students
with special needs. They are for all students.
~Becca Hoisington, Summer Reads VISTA member 2015

What is multisensory learning?

It involves the use of our senses. It focuses primarily on
using visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile elements.

It is taught incorporating all senses into the learning process

to activate different parts of the brain simultaneously,
enhancing memory and the learning of written language.

It helps learners discover what learning style fits them best.

It provides more ways for understanding new information,

more ways to remember it and more ways to recall it later.

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 Who benefits from multisensory learning?
Everyone
We learn with our whole body. We have a multisensory
brain.
We all have different learning styles.

People with learning disabilities

Students with dyslexia have trouble with language skills
involving speech sound (phonological) and print
(orthographic) processing and in building pathways that
connect speech with print.

People with sensory integration challenges

Children with sensory integration challenges sense
information normally but have difficulty perceiving and
processing that information because it is analyzed in their
brains in a different way.

Young children
In order for a child to be able to sit still, pay attention, and
visually remember the shapes of letters and numbers, the child
first needs to have developed his or her proprioceptive system,
a sense of the body in space. (kinesthetic, proprioception).

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 How effective are multisensory techniques
for teaching reading strategies?
Past research: Here are two very successful approaches to
multisensory strategies that have been around for decades.
Please check out these websites for further details.

Orton Gilliam Based Approach-A multisensory reading

instruction approach geared for students with disabilities.
https://www.orton-gillingham.com/

Montessori Education-A successful child-centered

education program used in early childhood, private and
public schools.
http://amshq.org/Montessori-Education/Introduction-
to-Montessori

My experience with Summer Reads

This summer I was able to see improvements in both sight

word recognition and reading fluency in the majority of
students. This was a combination on the part of the teachers,
myself and of course the students hard work. This is not a
formal study. I saw changes in pre- and posttest scores in the
areas of sight word recognition and fluency. I dont know if
these students were able to retain the information or what
other factors influenced their learning.
Three 1st grade girls, all English language learners, I worked
with all had beginning sight word scores in the lows 30s out of
71 sight words. When I retested them, one student scored 68
and the other two scored in the seventies. We would work in a
very concrete manner on a difficult sight word that stumped
them all. For example, the word write came up a number of

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times. We built it in playdough. We painted it. We chanted it.
We traced it. We wrote it. We recited it. When they were all
retested on that word they said it very proudly. I saw that look
on their faces many times and on many of the other students
faces. They were recalling something. They had formed
mental pictures of some sort that helped them recall those
words that they were accessing at those moments. What was
also encouraging to me was that they were transferring these
sight words to their reading. They were also showing general
improvement in their vocabulary and reading scores in their
summer school classes.
Many of the students said coming to their tutoring
sessions was their favorite part of summer school. Although
these students were learning many basic reading skills, they
were having fun doing it. As an educator and future licensed
teacher, I could not ask for a better outcome than that.

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 Learning Types and Activities

Visual-spatial-A visual learner learns best by using

their eyes to see information. They learn by seeing words in
printed form or by using graphics and pictures, observing real
life, and other visual aid.

Activities focused on visual learning

Printable books: Students read short books emphasizing

sight words, word families, and short/long vowels. Students
underlined with marker the focus words such as all the short
a words, etc. For more great book ideas and these printable
books checkout:
http://www.kindergartenkindergarten.com/books/.

I like printable books because students can color, draw, write

and underline in them. Reading becomes more of an active
activity for the students.

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 Here is an example of a printed book I used with a
student. This student had never read a book before. He knew
these three sight words. I had him tell me which color was red
and underline the word red. He knew what a ball was by the
picture. He could read the whole book. Each page had
different colors. He colored it and read it to his teacher. He
was so proud of himself for reading his first book. It is a simple
concept.
I gave another student a book called, I Am an Artist. He
loved to draw. He could illustrate part of the book as he read it.

Hidden sight word coloring/sight word

mosaic: This is similar to color by number. Students begin
to visualize the sight word with the color. Printable sight word
coloring sheets can be found on www.pinterest.com. A sight
word mosaic is an abstract design that is colored by sight
word. Students make squiggles, lines and shapes. Sight words
are written in between the shapes. I found this much more fun.
Students can design their own mosaic and you can target more
sight words. I found this and similar ideas at
www.thisreadingmama.com. This activity helps students
connect the word with the colors visually. It is also a very
tactile focused activity.

Flashcards with identifying pictures: Children

learn with repetition. Flashcards provide repetition. That
being said, flashcards dont have to be boring. I played several
games with sight word flashcards this summer with my
students they loved. Including BANG.

Here is a link to that game:

www.canteach.ca/elementary/beginning11.html

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 If children cannot create or form mental pictures while
reading, they are forced to memorize the words they see.
(visual). Flashcards with pictures associated with letters
provide a visual cue.
Often we see alphabet flashcards with pictures that start
with the letter, F or fox. Any flashcards are helpful with
pictures. However, when a letter can become a picture,
students remember it better. For example, the letter S can
easily become a picture of a snake. One student I tutored with
dyslexia had difficulty distinguishing b and d.
I used illustration of a bat and ball shaped b and a
drum and drumstick or donut shaped d as one method to
help him visualize the difference. I also had him work through
a short story with many b and d words. In one color I had
him underline bs and in another ds. I had him compare the
illustrations to the letters he underlined. B and d reversal is
common not only in dyslexia. It is common in all young
children.

Here is a cute example of a picture of the letter y

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Other visual letter recognition strategies:

Letter sorts: Have students sort letters by categories. This

can be done on paper or with manipulatives (letters with
tails vs. no tails, circles vs. no circles, dots vs. no dots.

Have students watch what they look like when saying letters
in the mirror. What letters make an O shape of their
mouths? What do their tongues do when then make a sh
or a th sound? This makes them laugh. Especially if you
do it with them.

Auditory Learners- An auditory learner is someone

who learns best by listening and talking. They learn reading by
listening to someone present information orally and by being
allowed to discuss and ask questions.

Activities focused on auditory learning

Rhyming/making up words with word

families: Using a white board or a word building kit students
take a word family sound such as at and make a list of real
and silly words. (cat, bat, dat, jat) Students like to make silly
words and they still learn the same concepts.

Read Alouds: Literacy does not depend upon reading text

in books. This point just can't be emphasized enough with
dyslexic learners, so here it is again: Literacy does not depend
upon reading text in books.
www.dyslexia-reading-well.com/multisensory-learning

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 I had a student with learning disabilities. I would read
chapter books to him everyday. We talked about books. He
listened and comprehended very well. He was nine and at a
kindergarten reading level. For many students, read alouds are
a great way to teach comprehension and even vocabulary.
Especially, for students who do not read written word well. As
a tutor, I read to all age students. I found it just as important to
read to older children. Many older kids love to have chapter
books read to them.

Phonemic awareness: Phonemic awareness is verbal

and auditory, not written, and prepares children for reading
print. Segmenting and blending sounds to make words can be
played around with in many ways. I had students bounce or
throw a ball for each letter sound, jump or clap. They liked the
ball best.

I had students make exaggerated sounds to blend sounds

together or for letter sounds. The sillier the sounds, the better.
Stretchy bands can be used as a manipulative tool to stretch
out sounds and then blend them together. When the student
pulls the band back in, the sounds are said more quickly and
clearly make a word. Several more good examples of ways to
work with phonetics can be found at www. pinterest.com
under the category phonemic awareness activities.

Chanting: A teacher I worked with in the past always

chanted a word several times after a student learned it. Every
time I worked on a word with a student I would say, What was
that word again? about three times and my students would
say it a little louder every time. It always seemed to reinforce
the new words just a little bit more.

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Tactile Learners: Tactile learners learn best through
their sense of touch, such as using their hands and fingers.
They learn best by writing, drawing, and using hands-on
manipulatives.

Activities focused on Tactile Learning

Playdough: Students create sight words or letters with play

dough. For younger students I recommend a play dough mat
with letters already outlined. I used our most difficult sight
words and wrote them on a white board. Students had to
make the word with playdough and guess the word. This
would work well with word families or blending letters as you
can manipulate and change one letter. You can also physically
manipulate play dough to squish sounds together, separate
them or take away a silent latter.
One example of how playdough can be manipulated to help
students understand difficult concepts is with silent letters.
When I was working with students this summer on sight words
involving a silent W I had students create a word with a silent
W (write) and squished up to W to illustrate that we dont
sound that out.

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Word building kits: This can either be with magnetic
letters or scrabble pieces. The kids liked the colorful letters. I
also had a container you can find at Target with three
compartments in one section, two in another and a middle
section. When using the word building kit for compound
words and simple three letter blends I used the compartments.
The students loved the word building kit.

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 Read it, Write it, Build it: I used this technique with
a student with a learning disability in particular. However,
it can be used with anyone. It is a good multisensory
technique. It is exactly as it says. Works well with sight
words.

Using Wikki Sticks to build words/letters:

Similar concept as play dough.

Sandpaper letters: These are tracing letters made of

sandpaper. Students use their finger to trace the letters. The
students retain a tactile memory of the feel of the letters. This
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is a well-established Montessori technique. Here is a template
to create your own. www.montessorimom.com/sandpaper-
letters

Writing letters and sight words in the:

Sand

Shaving cream

Air (learning disability teaching technique)

Salt

Here is an example of a sand writing activity. You can also put

colorful designs underneath or use colorful sand.
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Hidden sight word painting: Prior to meeting with
students write sight words in white crayon on white paper.
Students paint over words with watercolor. As they paint the
sight words appear. When I did this with students, they had a
contest to see who could paint over all the sight words and
read them all first.

Kinesthetic learners: Kinesthetic learners learn

best through movement of their large or gross motor muscles.
They take in information best while moving and doing, being
involved in projects, role playing, learning while standing up
and engaging in real life activities.

Activities involving Kinesthetic Learning

Sight word jump: Write sight words on post it notes and

put them up high on the wall. Students jump for the word
when it is called out. Students jump for the word when it is
called out. Check out www.pinterest.com for more jumping
ideas.

Race Car blending: Phonemic awareness activity using a

toy car to drive across the letters written spaced across a
racetrack to make a word. Students sound out the letters as
they drive across it. When students drive slowly they sound
out the letters very slowly and segment them. When they
zoom by they say the word clearly, loudly and quickly. My
students liked this activity. They liked to play with the speed
of the letter sounds with the speed of the car. Here is a
template available through www.teacherspayteachers.com. It
would be easy to create your own though.

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Sight word towers: Write sight words on red solo cups.
Ask students to read the words on the cup. If they read it
correctly they can add it to their tower. If they miss the word,
they have to put the cup to the side. This was a favorite of
students. After they built their towers, they liked to run a car
into them and watch them crash down.

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Letter sound blending puzzles: These are three
letter word segmented puzzles students put together. Each
piece was a separate letter sound. When put together, it made
the word and corresponding picture. I found these at Target
for $3.00 in the dollar section. You can also make your own. I
found this free download

www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Puzzles-1173760

Here is another idea I found. You can laminate and add

magnets to the back of the puzzle pieces. Mix up all the puzzle
pieces on a magnet board, have the students put them all
together and read the words.

http://moffattgirls.blogspot.com/2014/01/ready2read-level-
1-unit-1again.html

Activities involving taste and smell: Most

multisensory activities do not involve these senses. However,
all senses activate different memories and create more
opportunities for learning.

Taste
Using alphabet cheese its to spell words in place of letters in
word building kit. If students read the words correctly they
can eat the word.
Find foods that start with particular letters of the alphabet
youre working. For example: p is for pineapple, pumpkins,
pepperoni pizza, or pancakes

Smell
Writing letters with a mixer of glue and dry jello mix.

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 Find smells that start with particular letters of the alphabet

Activities involving proprioception

Proprioception is about knowing where your body is in space
and knowing how to get around your environment safety. The
proprioceptive system is developed and strengthened in
children by having them do large and small physical
movements, especially movements where they experience
pressure, using their fingers, hands, arms, trunks, legs, and feet.
Any activity that helps children move in this way is
incorporating this sense.
Children with learning disabilities often struggle with
this. Proprioception has to do with spatial orientation. Some
children have difficulties imprinting and remembering the
correct spatial orientations of letters and numbers. The letters
b, d, p, and g are especially difficult. When we are allowing
young students to move, fidget, even fall off their chairs
sometimes, we are allowing them to become more aware of
their own bodies. During the time I worked with my students, I
allowed some wiggling as long as we did not lose focus. If we
could not find our focus, it usually meant we needed to move
on to another activity. It didnt mean we needed to stop
working. It did mean the student needed to move.

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 Conclusion
I wanted to conclude with a few final thoughts on my
experiences this summer and on this project in particular.
First of all, although these activities have been separated into
learning style/senses categories, they are not meant to be
looked at separately. Some students respond better to
kinesthetic approaches to learning. That doesnt mean I didnt
use visual and auditory approached as well. Many of the
activities I have in certain categories, for example Read it,
Build it, Write it, can actually be put into all categories. We
might have learning styles that work better for us than others.
That doesnt change the fact that we have multisensory brains.
Secondly, what I learned from my experience this
summer is to pay attention to what a student to telling you,
verbally and nonverbally. I started to recognize when an
activity I did was not working. It didnt mean it was a bad
activity. It might not have been right for the student or it might
not have been the right time.
Third, as an educator and a future teacher, I know how
many ideas are floating out there. I took several ideas from
past teachers, blogs, Pinterest, and teaching websites. I
modified them. I tried them out. I tweaked them based on how
the students responded. Teaching children is like becoming a
writer. You have to produce several rough drafts before you
get good. Teachers become good teachers by trying, failing and
trying something else.

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 Helpful Websites
www.pinterest.com

www.heidisongs.blogspot.com

www.education.com

www.teachhub.com

www.notimeforflashcards.com

www.thisreadingmama.com

www.teacherspayteachers.com

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 Pictures Cited (in order)

www.pixbay.com

www.larcschool.com

www.ontheroadtobecomingascholar.blogspot.com

www.psfk.com

www.teacherspayteachers.com

www.nonnaandme.com

www.mrswheelerfirst.blogspot.com

www.teacherspayteachers.com

www.kindergarteniscrazy.blogspot.com/2013/03/sight-word-
literacy-center-activities.html

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