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    Structural Steel Design

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    bambagen
    Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron and carbon. Small amounts of other elements like silicon, nickel, and manganese are sometimes added to enhance properties like strength and corrosion resistance. Structural steel has advantages like high strength, elasticity, ductility, and ease of fabrication and erection. However, it is susceptible to corrosion, reduced strength in fires, and buckling if used in long, slender compression members. Structural steel design involves analyzing members for tension, shear, buckling, and determining connection capacities.

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    Structural Steel Design

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    bambagen
    89 views21 pages
    Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron and carbon. Small amounts of other elements like silicon, nickel, and manganese are sometimes added to enhance properties like strength and corrosion resistance. Structural steel has advantages like high strength, elasticity, ductility, and ease of fabrication and erection. However, it is susceptible to corrosion, reduced strength in fires, and buckling if used in long, slender compression members. Structural steel design involves analyzing members for tension, shear, buckling, and determining connection capacities.

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    Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron and carbon. Small amounts of other elements like silicon, nickel, and manganese are sometimes added to enhance properties like strength and corrosion resistance. Structural steel has advantages like high strength, elasticity, ductility, and ease of fabrication and erection. However, it is susceptible to corrosion, reduced strength in fires, and buckling if used in long, slender compression members. Structural steel design involves analyzing members for tension, shear, buckling, and determining connection capacities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    89 views21 pages

    Structural Steel Design

    Uploaded by

    bambagen
    Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron and carbon. Small amounts of other elements like silicon, nickel, and manganese are sometimes added to enhance properties like strength and corrosion resistance. Structural steel has advantages like high strength, elasticity, ductility, and ease of fabrication and erection. However, it is susceptible to corrosion, reduced strength in fires, and buckling if used in long, slender compression members. Structural steel design involves analyzing members for tension, shear, buckling, and determining connection capacities.

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    Structural Steel Design

    StructuralSteelDesign

    (revisited)
    Steelisanalloy,whichisametal,madefromvarious
    elements.Thetwomainelementsthatcomprisesteel
    areironandcarbon.Ironisbyfarthemainingredient
    in terms of percentages, usually making up roughly
    intermsofpercentages,usuallymakinguproughly
    98%ofallthecomponentsfoundinsteel.Carbon
    typicallywillcompriselessthan0.5%ofsteelbutis
    very important because it affects the steelssstrength
    veryimportantbecauseitaffectsthesteel strength
    andhardness.Otheralloyingelements,suchassilicon,
    nickel,manganese,andcopper,canalsobeaddedto
    steelinvaryingamountstoenhancecertainproperties,
    suchasstrength,hardness,andcorrosionresistance.
    Advantagesofsteelasastructuralmaterial
    High Strength
    HighStrength
    Thehighstrengthofsteelperunitofweightmeansthatstructureweightswillbe
    small.Thisfactisofgreatimportanceforlongspanbridges,tallbuildings,and
    structureshavingpoorfoundationconditions.

    Uniformity
    Thepropertiesofsteeldonotchangeappreciablywithtimeasdothoseofa
    reinforcedconcretestructure.

    Elasticity

    Steelbehavesclosertodesignassumptionsthanmostmaterialsbecauseitfollows
    Steel behaves closer to design assumptions than most materials because it follows
    Hookeslawuptofairlyhighstresses.Themomentsofinertiaofasteelstructure
    canbedefinitelycalculatedwhilethevaluesobtainedforareinforcedconcrete
    structureareratherindefinite.
    Permanence
    Steelframesthatareproperlymaintainedwilllastindefinitely.Researchonsome
    Steel frames that are properly maintained will last indefinitely Research on some
    ofthenewersteelsindicatesthatundercertainconditionsnopainting
    maintenancewhatsoeverwillberequired.

    Ductility
    Ductility
    Thepropertyofamaterialbywhichitcanwithstandextensivedeformation
    withoutfailureunderhightensilestressesissaidtobeitsductility.Whenamildor
    lowcarbonsteelmemberisbeingtestedintension,aconsiderablereductionin
    cross section and a large amount of elongation will occur at the point of failure
    crosssectionandalargeamountofelongationwilloccuratthepointoffailure
    beforetheactualfractureoccurs.Amaterialthatdoesnothavethispropertyis
    probablyhardandbrittleandmightbreakifsubjectedtoasuddenshock.

    FractureToughness
    Fracture Toughness
    Structuralsteelsaretough;thatis,theyhavebothstrengthandductility.Asteel
    memberloadeduntilithaslargedeformationswillstillbeabletowithstandlarge
    forces.Thisisaveryimportantcharacteristicbecauseitmeansthatsteelmembers
    can be subjected to large deformations during fabrication and erection without
    canbesubjectedtolargedeformationsduringfabricationanderectionwithout
    fracture thusallowingthemtobebent,hammered,sheared,andhaveholes
    punchedinthemwithoutvisibledamage.
    AdditionstoExistingStructures
    Steelstructuresarequitewellsuitedtohavingadditions
    madetothem.Newbaysorevenentirenewwingscanbe
    addedtoexistingsteelframebuildings,andsteelbridges
    mayoftenbewidened.

    Miscellaneous
    Miscellaneous
    Severalotherimportantadvantagesofstructuralsteelare:
    (a)abilitytobefastenedtogetherbyseveralsimpleconnection
    devices including welds, bolts, and rivets.
    devicesincludingwelds,bolts,andrivets.
    (b)adaptationtoprefabrication.
    (c)speedoferection,
    (d)abilitytoberolledintoawidevarietyofsizesandshapes,
    (d) ability to be rolled into a wide variety of sizes and shapes
    (d)fatiguestrength,
    (f)possiblereuseafterastructureisdisassembled,
    (g)scrapvalueeventhoughnotreusableinitsexistingform.
    (g) scrap value even though not reusable in its existing form
    Disadvantagesofsteelasastructuralmaterial
    Disadvantages of steel as a structural material
    MaintenanceCosts
    Moststeelsaresusceptibletocorrosionwhenfreelyexposedtoairandwaterand
    mustthereforebeperiodicallypainted.Theuseofweatheringsteels,insuitable
    d i
    designapplications,tendstoeliminatethiscost.
    li i d li i hi

    Nonresistanttofire
    Althoughsteelmembersareincombustible,theirstrengthistremendously
    g , g y
    reducedattemperaturescommonlyreachedinfireswhentheothermaterialsina
    buildingburn.Furthermore,steelisanexcellentheatconductorsuchthatsteel
    membersmaytransmitenoughheatfromaburningsectionorcompartmentofa
    b ildi t i it
    buildingtoignitematerialswithwhichtheyareincontactinadjoiningsectionsof
    t i l ith hi h th i t t i dj i i ti f
    thebuilding.
    SusceptibilitytoBuckling
    Thelongerandslendererthecompressionmembersare,thegreaterthe
    dangerofbuckling.Althoughsteelhasahighstrengthperunitweight,itis
    sometimesnoteconomicalwhenusedascolumnsbecauseconsiderable
    material has to be used merely to stiffen the columns against buckling
    materialhastobeusedmerelytostiffenthecolumnsagainstbuckling.

    Fatigue
    Anotherundesirablepropertyofsteelisthatitsstrengthmaybereducedifit
    issubjectedtoalargenumberofstressreversalsoreventoalargenumber
    j g g
    ofvariationsoftensilestress.
    Modes of failure
    Modesoffailure
    Failure by flexure
    Failurebyflexure
    Failure by shear
    Failurebyshear
    Pulloutfailureofbolts(formomentconnections)
    Allowable Strength Design
    AllowableStrengthDesign
    TensionMemberAnalysis
    Tension Member Analysis
    Thedirectstressformulaisthebasisfortensionmemberanalysis(and
    design).Itmaybewrittenforstress,

    orfortensilecapacity,

    where:
    where:
    ft=computedtensilestress
    P=appliedaxialloadP
    Pt=axialtensileloadcapacity(ormaximumallowableaxialtensileload)
    Ft=allowableaxialtensilestress
    A=crosssectionalareaofaxiallyloadedtensionmember(eithergrossarea,
    netarea,oreffectivenetarea)
    TheSection504.2.1oftheNSCPstatesthattheallowabletensilestress
    The Section 504 2 1 of the NSCP states that the allowable tensile stress
    shallnotexceed(0.60Fy)onthegrossareaor(0.5Fu)ontheeffective
    netarea.
    BlockShear
    Tension Member Analysis
    TensionMemberAnalysis
    Steel beams
    Steelbeams

    AnimportantconditionassociatedwiththeuseofthisvalueforFb
    An important condition associated with the use of this value for Fb isthelateralsupport
    is the lateral support
    ofthecompressionflange.Thecompressionflangebehavessomewhatlikeacolumn,and
    itwilltendtobuckletotheside,orlaterally,asthestressincreasesifitisnotrestrainedin
    someway.thecompressionflangeofabeammusthaveadequatelateralsupportsuch
    that Lb doesnotexceedthevalueofLc
    thatLb does not exceed the value of Lc asgivenbythesmallerof:
    as given by the smaller of:
    Shear in Steel Sections
    ShearinSteelSections
    WeldedConnections
    Foraxiallyloadedweldingconnections

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