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Matlab - Variables: and With

The document discusses variables in MATLAB. In MATLAB, all variables are arrays or matrices. Variables must be defined and assigned values before use. Variables can be scalars, vectors, or matrices. Functions are used to perform operations on variables and the output can be stored in other variables. The size and type of variables can be viewed using commands like whos and who.

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Hassan Souleyman
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65 views

Matlab - Variables: and With

The document discusses variables in MATLAB. In MATLAB, all variables are arrays or matrices. Variables must be defined and assigned values before use. Variables can be scalars, vectors, or matrices. Functions are used to perform operations on variables and the output can be stored in other variables. The size and type of variables can be viewed using commands like whos and who.

Uploaded by

Hassan Souleyman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATLAB - VARIABLES

http://www.tuto rialspo int.co m/matlab/matlab_variable s.htm Co pyrig ht tuto rials po int.co m

In MAT LAB environment, every variable is an array or matrix.

You can assig n variables in a simple way. For example,

x = 3 % defining x and initializing it with a value

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

x =
3

It creates a 1-by-1 matrix named x and stores the value 3 in its element. Let us check another example,

x = sqrt(16) % defining x and initializing it with an expression

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

x =
4

Please note that:

Once a variable is entered into the system, you can refer to it later.

Variables must have values before they are used.

When an expression returns a result that is not assig ned to any variable, the system assig ns it to a variable
named ans, which can be used later.

For example,

sqrt(78)

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

ans =
8.8318

You can use this variable ans:

9876/ans

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

ans =
1.1182e+03

Let's look at another example:

x = 7 * 8;
y = x * 7.89

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

y =
441.8400
Multiple Assig nments
You can have multiple assig nments on the same line. For example,

a = 2; b = 7; c = a * b

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

c =
14

I have forg otten the Variables!


T he who command displays all the variable names you have used.

who

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

Your variables are:


a ans b c x y

T he whos command displays little more about the variables:

Variables currently in memory

T ype of each variables

Memory allocated to each variable

Whether they are complex variables or not

whos

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

Name Size Bytes Class Attributes

a 1x1 8 double
ans 1x1 8 double
b 1x1 8 double
c 1x1 8 double
x 1x1 8 double
y 1x1 8 double

T he c lear command deletes all (or the specified) variable(s) from the memory.

clear x % it will delete x, won't display anything


clear % it will delete all variables in the workspace
% peacefully and unobtrusively

Long Assig nments


Long assig nments can be extended to another line by using an ellipses (...). For example,

initial_velocity = 0;
acceleration = 9.8;
time = 20;
final_velocity = initial_velocity ...
+ acceleration * time

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:
final_velocity =
196

The format Command


By default, MAT LAB displays numbers with four decimal place values. T his is known as short format.

However, if you want more precision, you need to use the format command.

T he format long command displays 16 dig its after decimal.

For example:

format long
x = 7 + 10/3 + 5 ^ 1.2

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

x =
17.231981640639408

Another example,

format short
x = 7 + 10/3 + 5 ^ 1.2

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

x =
17.2320

T he format bank command rounds numbers to two decimal places. For example,

format bank
daily_wage = 177.45;
weekly_wage = daily_wage * 6

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

weekly_wage =
1064.70

MAT LAB displays larg e numbers using exponential notation.

T he format short e command allows displaying in exponential form with four decimal places plus the exponent.

For example,

format short e
4.678 * 4.9

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

ans =
2.2922e+01

T he format long e command allows displaying in exponential form with four decimal places plus the exponent.
For example,

format long e
x = pi
MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

x =
3.141592653589793e+00

T he format rat command g ives the closest rational expression resulting from a calculation. For example,

format rat
4.678 * 4.9

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

ans =
2063/90

Creating Vectors
A vector is a one-dimensional array of numbers. MAT LAB allows creating two types of vectors:

Row vectors

Column vectors

Row vec tors are created by enclosing the set of elements in square brackets, using space or comma to
delimit the elements.

For example,

r = [7 8 9 10 11]

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

r =
Columns 1 through 4
7 8 9 10
Column 5
11

Another example,

r = [7 8 9 10 11];
t = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
res = r + t

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

res =
Columns 1 through 4
9 11 13 15
Column 5
17

Column vec tors are created by enclosing the set of elements in square brackets, using semicolon(;) to delimit
the elements.

c = [7; 8; 9; 10; 11]

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

c =
7
8
9
10
11

Creating Matrices
A matrix is a two-dimensional array of numbers.

In MAT LAB, a matrix is created by entering each row as a sequence of space or comma separated elements,
and end of a row is demarcated by a semicolon. For example, let us create a 3-by-3 matrix as:

m = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]

MAT LAB will execute the above statement and return the following result:

m =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

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