Power Systems
Power Systems
Power Systems
POWER SYSTEMS
Q. 1 For a power system network with n nodes, Z 33 of its bus impedance matrix is
j0.5 per unit. The voltage at node 3 is 1.3 - 10c per unit. If a capacitor having
reactance of - j3.5 per unit is now added to the network between node 3 and the
reference node, the current drawn by the capacitor per unit is
(A) 0.325 - 100c (B) 0.325 80c
(C) 0.371 - 100c (D) 0.433 80c
Q. 3 If the base impedance and the line-to line base voltage are 100 ohms and 100 kV
respectively, then the real power in MW delivered by the generator connected at
the slack bus is
(A) - 10 (B) 0
(C) 10 (D) 20
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Q. 5 A two-phase load draws the following phase currents : i1 (t) = Im sin (wt - f 1),
i2 (t) = Im cos (wt - f 2). These currents are balanced if f 1 is equal to.
(A) - f 2 (B) f 2
(C) (p/2 - f 2) (D) (p/2 + f 2)
Q. 7 The sequence components of the fault current are as follows : I positive = j 1.5 pu,
I negative =- j 0.5 pu, I zero =- j1 pu . The type of fault in the system is
(A) LG (B) LL
(C) LLG (D) LLLG
Q. 8 For the system below, SD1 and SD2 are complex power demands at bus 1 and bus
2 respectively. If V2 = 1 pu , the VAR rating of the capacitor (QG2) connected at
bus 2 is
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Q. 12 For enhancing the power transmission in along EHV transmission line, the most
preferred method is to connect a
(A) Series inductive compensator in the line
(B) Shunt inductive compensator at the receiving end
(C) Series capacitive compensator in the line
(D) Shunt capacitive compensator at the sending end
Q. 13 A load center of 120 MW derives power from two power stations connected by
220 kV transmission lines of 25 km and 75 km as shown in the figure below. The
three generators G1, G2 and G 3 are of 100 MW capacity each and have identical
fuel cost characteristics. The minimum loss generation schedule for supplying the
120 MW load is
P1 = 80 MW + losses P1 = 60 MW
(A) P2 = 20 MW (B) P2 = 30 MW + losses
P3 = 20 MW P3 = 30 MW
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P1 = 40 MW P1 = 30 MW + losses
(C) P2 = 40 MW (D) P2 = 45 MW
P3 = 40 MW + losses P3 = 45 MW
Q. 14 The direct axis and quadrature axis reactances of a salient pole alternator are
1.2 p.u and 1.0 p.u respectively. The armature resistance is negligible. If this
alternator is delivering rated kVA at upf and at rated voltage then its power
angle is
(A) 30c (B) 45c
Q. 15 A three bus network is shown in the figure below indicating the p.u. impedance
of each element.
G1 = 250 MVA , 15 kV, positive sequence reactance XG = 25% on its own base
1
G2 = 100 MVA , 15 kV, positive sequence reactance XG = 10% on its own base L1
2
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(A) VAB 1 0,VCD < 0,VAB > VCD (B) VAB 2 0,VCD 2 0,VAB 1 VCD
(C) VAB 2 0,VCD 2 0,VAB > VCD (D) VAB 2 0,VCD < 0
(A) - 1 pu (B) 1 pu
(C) 2 pu (D) 3 pu
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Q. 23 The zero-sequence circuit of the three phase transformer shown in the figure is
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(A) The magnitude of terminal voltage decreases, and the field current does not
change.
(B) The magnitude of terminal voltage increases, and the field current does not
change.
(C) The magnitude of terminal voltage increases, and the field current increases
(D) The magnitude of terminal voltage does not change and the field current
decreases.
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Q. 27 For the power system shown in the figure below, the specifications of the
components are the following :
G1 : 25 kV, 100 MVA, X = 9%
G2 : 25 kV, 100 MVA, X = 9%
T1 : 25 kV/220 kV, 90 MVA, X = 12%
T2 : 220 kV/25 kV, 90 MVA, X = 12%
Line 1: 200 kV, X = 150 ohms
Choose 25 kV as the base voltage at the generator G1 , and 200 MVA as the MVA
base. The impedance diagram is
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Q. 29 For a fixed value of complex power flow in a transmission line having a sending
end voltage V , the real loss will be proportional to
(A) V (B) V 2
(C) 12 (D) 1
V V
Q. 30 For the Y-bus matrix of a 4-bus system given in per unit, the buses having shunt
elements are
R- 5 2 2.5 0 V
S W
S 2 - 10 2.5 4 W
YBUS = j S
2.5 2.5 - 9 4 W
S W
S0 4 4 - 8W
(A) 3 and 4 T X (B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 2 (D) 1, 2 and 4
Q. 31 Match the items in List-I (To) with the items in the List-II (Use) and select the
correct answer using the codes given below the lists.
List-I List-II
a. improve power factor 1. shunt reactor
b. reduce the current ripples 2. shunt capacitor
c. increase the power flow in line 3. series capacitor
d. reduce the Ferranti effect 4. series reactor
(A) a " 2, b " 3, c " 4, d " 1
(B) a " 2, b " 4, c " 3, d " 1
(C) a " 4, b " 3, c " 1, d " 2
(D) a " 4, b " 1, c " 3, d " 2
Q. 32 Match the items in List-I (Type of transmission line) with the items in List-II
(Type of distance relay preferred) and select the correct answer using the codes
given below the lists.
List-I List-II
a. Short Line 1. Ohm Relay
b. Medium Line 2. Reactance Relay
c. Long Line 3. Mho Relay
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Q. 33 Three generators are feeding a load of 100 MW. The details of the generators are
In the event of increased load power demand, which of the following will happen ?
(A) All the generator will share equal power
(B) Generator-3 will share more power compared to Generator-1
(C) Generator-1 will share more power compared to Generator-2
(D) Generator-2 will share more power compared to Generator-3
Q. 34 A 500 MW, 21 kV, 50 Hz, 3-phase, 2-pole synchronous generator having a rated
p.f = 0.9, has a moment of inertia of 27.5 # 103 kg-m2 .The inertia constant (H
) will be
(A) 2.44 s (B) 2.71 s
(C) 4.88 s (D) 5.42 s
Q. 35 A two machine power system is shown below. The Transmission line XY has
positive sequence impedance of Z1 W and zero sequence impedance of Z0 W
An a phase to ground fault with zero fault impedance occurs at the centre of the
transmission line. Bus voltage at X and line current from X to F for the phase
a, are given by Va Volts and Ia amperes, respectively. Then, the impedance
measured by the ground distance relay located at the terminal X of line XY will
be given by
(A) ^Z1 /2h W (B) ^Z0 /2h W
(C) (Z0 + Z1) /2 W (D) ^Va /Ia h W
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Voltage drop across the transmission line is given by the following equation :
R V R VR V
S3 Va W SZs Zm Zm WSIa
S3 Vb W = SZm Zs Zm WSIb
SS3 V WW SSZ Z Z WWSSI
c m m s c
Shunt X T
T capacitance of theXline
T X can be neglect. If the has positive sequence impedance
of 15 W and zero sequence impedance of 48 W, then the values of Zs and Zm will
be
(A) Zs = 31.5 W; Zm = 16.5 W (B) Zs = 26 W; Zm = 11 W
(C) Zs = 16.5 W; Zm = 31.5 W (D) Zs = 11 W; Zm = 26 W
Q. 39 A loss less transmission line having Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) of 2280 MW
is provided with a uniformly distributed series capacitive compensation of 30%.
Then, SIL of the compensated transmission line will be
(A) 1835 MW (B) 2280 MW
(C) 2725 MW (D) 3257 MW
Q. 40 A loss less power system has to serve a load of 250 MW. There are tow generation
(G 1 and G 2 ) in the system with cost curves C1 and C2 respectively defined as
follows ;
2
C1 (PG1) = PG1 + 0.055 # PG1
2
C2 (PG2) = 3PG2 + 0.03 # PG2
Where PG1 and PG2 are the MW injections from generator G 1 and G 2 respectively.
Thus, the minimum cost dispatch will be
(A) PG1 = 250 MW; PG2 = 0 MW (B) PG1 = 150 MW; PG2 = 100 MW
(C) PG1 = 100 MW; PG2 = 150 MW (D) PG1 = 0 MW; PG2 = 250 MW
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Q. 41 A loss less single machine infinite bus power system is shown below :
The synchronous generator transfers 1.0 per unit of power to the infinite bus. The
critical clearing time of circuit breaker is 0.28 s. If another identical synchronous
generator is connected in parallel to the existing generator and each generator is
scheduled to supply 0.5 per unit of power, then the critical clearing time of the
circuit breaker will
(A) reduce to 0.14 s
(B) reduce but will be more than 0.14 s
(C) remain constant at 0.28 s
(D) increase beyond 0.28 s
Q. 42 Single line diagram of a 4-bus single source distribution system is shown below.
Branches e1, e2, e3 and e4 have equal impedances. The load current values indicated
in the figure are in per unit.
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A symmetrical three phase fault occurs at centre of the line, i.e. point F at
time t 0 . The positive sequence impedance from source S1 to point F equals
0.004 + j0.04 p.u. The wave form corresponding to phase a fault current from
bus X reveals that decaying d.c. offset current is negative and in magnitude at its
maximum initial value, Assume that the negative sequence impedances are equal
to positive sequence impedance and the zero sequence impedances are three times
positive sequence impedances.
Q. 43 The instant (t0) of the fault will be
(A) 4.682 ms (B) 9.667 ms
(C) 14.667 ms (D) 19.667 ms
Q. 45 Instead of the three phase fault, if a single line to ground fault occurs on phase
a at point F with zero fault impedance, then the rms of the ac component of
fault current (Ix) for phase a will be
(A) 4.97 p.u (B) 7.0 p.u
(C) 14.93 p.u (D) 29.85 p.u
Q. 47 The incremental cost curves in Rs/MWhr for two generators supplying a common
load of 700 MW are shown in the figures. The maximum and minimum generation
limits are also indicated. The optimum generation schedule is :
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Q. 48 Two regional systems, each having several synchronous generators and loads are
inter connected by an ac line and a HVDC link as shown in the figure. Which of
the following statements is true in the steady state :
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Q. 50 The figure below shows a three phase self-commutated voltage source converter
connected to a power system. The converters dc bus capacitor is marked as C
in the figure. The circuit in initially operating in steady state with d = 0 and the
capacitor dc voltage is equal to Vdc0 . You may neglect all losses and harmonics.
What action should be taken to increase the capacitor dc voltage slowly to a new
steady state value.
Q. 51 The total reactance and total suspectance of a lossless overhead EHV line,
operating at 50 Hz, are given by 0.045 pu and 1.2 pu respectively. If the velocity
of wave propagation is 3 # 105 km/s, then the approximate length of the line is
(A) 122 km (B) 172 km
(C) 222 km (D) 272 km
Q. 52 Consider the protection system shown in the figure below. The circuit breakers
numbered from 1 to 7 are of identical type. A single line to ground fault with zero
fault impedance occurs at the midpoint of the line (at point F), but circuit breaker
4 fails to operate (Stuck breaker). If the relays are coordinated correctly, a
valid sequence of circuit breaker operation is
(A) 1, 2, 6, 7, 3, 5 (B) 1, 2, 5, 5, 7, 3
(C) 5, 6, 7, 3, 1, 2 (D) 5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7
Q. 53 A three phase balanced star connected voltage source with frequency w rad/s
is connected to a star connected balanced load which is purely inductive. The
instantaneous line currents and phase to neutral voltages are denoted by (ia, ib, ic)
and (Van, Vbn, Vcn) respectively, and their rms values are denoted by V and I .
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R V
S 0
1
3
- 13 W RSia VW
If R = 8Van Vbn Vcn B S- 13 0 1 WS W
3 W b
i , then the magnitude of
S 1 SSi WW
S 3 - 3
1
0 W c
of R is T XT X
(A) 3VI (B) VI
(C) 0.7VI (D) 0
Q. 56 A 230 V (Phase), 50 Hz, three-phase, 4-wire, system has a phase sequence ABC.
A unity power-factor load of 4 kW is connected between phase A and neutral N.
It is desired to achieve zero neutral current through the use of a pure inductor
and a pure capacitor in the other two phases. The value of inductor and capacitor
is
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Q. 58 Consider the two power systems shown in figure A below, which are initially not
interconnected, and are operating in steady state at the same frequency. Separate
load flow solutions are computed individually of the two systems, corresponding
to this scenario. The bus voltage phasors so obtain are indicated on figure A.
These two isolated systems are now interconnected by a short transmission line
as shown in figure B, and it is found that P1 = P2 = Q1 = Q2 = 0 .
The bus voltage phase angular difference between generator bus X and generator
bus Y after interconnection is
(A) 10c (B) 25c
(C) - 30c (D) 30c
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Q. 59 The concept of an electrically short, medium and long line is primarily based on
the
(A) nominal voltage of the line (B) physical length of the line
(C) wavelength of the line (D) power transmitted over the line
Q. 60 Keeping in view the cost and overall effectiveness, the following circuit breaker is
best suited for capacitor bank switching
(A) vacuum (B) air blast
(C) SF6 (D) oil
Q. 62 An HVDC link consist of rectifier, inverter transmission line and other equipments.
Which one of the following is true for this link ?
(A) The transmission line produces/ supplies reactive power
(B) The rectifier consumes reactive power and the inverter supplies reactive
power from/ to the respective connected AC systems
(C) Rectifier supplies reactive power and the inverted consumers reactive power
to/ from the respective connected AC systems
(D) Both the converters (rectifier and inverter) consume reactive power from
the respective connected AC systems
Q. 64 A single phase transmission line and a telephone line are both symmetrically
strung one below the other, in horizontal configurations, on a common tower, The
shortest and longest distances between the phase and telephone conductors are
2.5 m and 3 m respectively.
The voltage (volt/km) induced in the telephone circuit, due to 50 Hz current of
100 amps in the power circuit is
(A) 4.81 (B) 3.56
(C) 2.29 (D) 1.27
with the respective base values, the phase to neutral sequence voltages are
(A) Van = X+ (q1 + 30c),Van = Y (q2 - 30c)
1 2
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Q. 70 The post fault voltages at buses 1 and 3 in per unit respectively are
(A) 0.24, 0.63 (B) 0.31, 0.76
(C) 0.33, 0.67 (D) 0.67, 0.33
Q. 71 The per unit fault feeds from generators connected to buses 1 and 2 respectively
are
(A) 1.20, 2.51 (B) 1.55, 2.61
(C) 1.66, 2.50 (D) 5.00, 2.50
Q. 72 A 400 V, 50 Hz, three phase balanced source supplies power to a star connected
load whose rating is 12 3 kVA, 0.8 pf (lag). The rating (in kVAR) of the delta
connected (capacitive) reactive power bank necessary to bring the pf to unity is
(A) 28. 78 (B) 21.60
(C) 16.60 (D) 12.47
Q. 73 The p.u. parameter for a 500 MVA machine on its own base are:
inertia, M = 20 p.u. ; reactance, X = 2 p.u.
The p.u. values of inertia and reactance on 100 MVA common base, respectively,
are
(A) 4, 0.4 (B) 100, 10
(C) 4, 10 (D) 100, 0.4
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Q. 79 The network shown in the given figure has impedances in p.u. as indicated. The
diagonal element Y22 of the bus admittance matrix YBUS of the network is
Q. 81 Two networks are connected in cascade as shown in the figure. With usual notations
the equivalent A, B, C and D constants are obtained. Given that, C = 0.025+45c
, the value of Z2 is
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of the double-circuit is tripped, then resulting steady state stability power limit
in p.u. will be
Q. 88 In the thermal power plants, the pressure in the working fluid cycle is developed by
(A) condenser (B) super heater
(C) feed water pump (D) turbine
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Q. 89 For harnessing low variable waterheads, the suitable hydraulic turbine with high
percentage of reaction and runner adjustable vanes is
(A) Kaplan (B) Francis
(C) Pelton (D) Impeller
Q. 90 The transmission line distance protection relay having the property of being
inherently directional is
(A) impedance relay (B) MHO relay
(C) OHM relay (D) reactance relay
Q. 92 A 110 kV, single core coaxial, XLPE insulated power cable delivering power at
50 Hz, has a capacitance of 125 nF/km. If the dielectric loss tangent of XLPE is
2 # 10 - 4 , then dielectric power loss in this cable in W/km is
(A) 5.0 (B) 31.7
(C) 37.8 (D) 189.0
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Q. 100 A hydraulic turbine having rated speed of 250 rpm is connected to a synchronous
generator. In order to produce power at 50 Hz, the number of poles required in
the generator are
(A) 6 (B) 12
(C) 16 (D) 24
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Q. 101 Bundled conductors are mainly used in high voltage overhead transmission lines
to
(A) reduces transmission line losses
(B) increase mechanical strength of the line
(C) reduce corona
(D) reduce sag
Q. 102 A power system consist of 300 buses out of which 20 buses are generator bus,
25 buses are the ones with reactive power support and 15 buses are the ones
with fixed shunt capacitors. All the other buses are load buses. It is proposed to
perform a load flow analysis in the system using Newton-Raphson method. The
size of the Newton Raphson Jacobian matrix is
(A) 553 # 553 (B) 540 # 540
(C) 555 # 555 (D) 554 # 554
Q. 104 A round rotor generator with internal voltage E1 = 2.0 pu and X = 1.1 pu is
connected to a round rotor synchronous motor with internal voltage E2 = 1.3 pu
and X = 1.2 pu. The reactance of the line connecting the generator to the motor
is 0.5 pu. When the generator supplies 0.5 pu power, the rotor angle difference
between the machines will be
(A) 57.42c (B) 1c
(C) 32.58c (D) 122.58c
Q. 105 The interrupting time of a circuit breaker is the period between the instant of
(A) initiation of short circuit and the arc extinction on an opening operation
(B) energizing of the trip circuit and the arc extinction on an opening operation
(C) initiation of short circuit and the parting of primary arc contacts
(D) energizing of the trip circuit and the parting of primary arc contacts
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Q. 108 A dc distribution system is shown in figure with load current as marked. The two
ends of the feeder are fed by voltage sources such that VP - VQ = 3 V. The value
of the voltage VP for a minimum voltage of 220 V at any point along the feeder is
Q. 109 A balanced delta connected load of (8 + j6) W per phase is connected to a 400 V,
50 Hz, 3-phase supply lines. If the input power factor is to be improved to 0.9 by
connecting a bank of star connected capacitor the required kVAR of the of the
bank is
(A) 42.7 (B) 10.2
(C) 28.8 (D) 38.4
Q. 110 A 3-phase 11 kV generator feeds power to a constant power unity power factor
load of 100 MW through a 3-phase transmission line. The line-to line voltage
at the terminals of the machine is maintained constant at 11 kV. The per unit
positive sequence impedance of the line based on 100 MVA and 11 kV is j0.2 .
The line to line voltage at the load terminals is measured to be less than 11 kV.
The total reactive power to be injected at the terminals of the load to increase
the line-to-line voltage at the load terminals to 11 kV is
(A) 100 MVAR (B) 10.1 MVAR
(C) - 100 MVAR (D) - 10.1 MVAR
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Q. 113 Incremental fuel costs (in some appropriate unit) for a power plant consisting of
three generating units are
IC1 = 20 + 0.3P1, IC2 = 30 + 0.4P2, IC3 = 30
Where P1 is the power in MW generated by unit i for i = 1, 2 and 3. Assume
that all the three units are operating all the time. Minimum and maximum loads
on each unit are 50 MW and 300 MW respectively. If the plant is operating on
economic load dispatch to supply the total power demand of 700 MW, the power
generated by each unit is
(A) P1 = 242.86 MW; P2 = 157.14 MW; and P3 = 300 MW
(B) P1 = 157.14 MW; P2 = 242.86 MW; and P3 = 300 MW
(C) P1 = 300 MW; P2 = 300 MW; and P3 = 100 MW
(D) P1 = 233.3 MW; P2 = 233.3 MW; and P3 = 233.4 MW
Q. 114 A list of relays and the power system components protected by the relays are
given in List-I and List-II respectively. Choose the correct match from the four
choices given below:
List-I List-II
P. Distance relay 1. Transformers
Q. Under frequency relay 2. Turbines
R. Differential relay 3. Busbars
S. Buchholz relay 4. Shunt capacitors
5. Alternators
6. Transmission lines
Codes:
P Q R S
(A) 6 5 3 1
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 5 2 1 6
(D) 6 4 5 3
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Q. 115 A generator delivers power of 1.0 p.u. to an infinite bus through a purely reactive
network. The maximum power that could be delivered by the generator is 2.0
p.u. A three-phase fault occurs at the terminals of the generator which reduces
the generator output to zero. The fault is cleared after tc second. The original
network is then restored. The maximum swing of the rotor angle is found to be
dmax = 110 electrical degree. Then the rotor angle in electrical degrees at t = tc is
(A) 55 (B) 70
(C) 69.14 (D) 72.4
***********
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SOLUTION
Therefore,
q2 1 2 1 0. 1 1 0 0
>q H = 3 >+ 1 2H>- 0.2H = 3 >- 0.3H = >- 0.1H
3
i.e., q2 = 0
and q3 =- 0.1 rad
Sol. 3 Option (C) is correct.
From the above solution, we have
P2 = 0.1
P3 =- 0.2
since,
P1 + P2 + P3 = 0 (Where P1 is injection at bus 1)
So, P1 - P2 - P3 =- 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.1 pu
Now, the apparent power delivered to base is
^100 # 10 h
2 3 2
S =V =
R 100
6
= 100 # 10 VA
Therefore, the real power delivered by slack bus (bus 1)
P = P1 S = ^0.1h # 100 # 106 = 10 # 106 watt = 10 MW
Sol. 4 Option (B) is correct.
For bus admittance matrix,
Y11 + (Y12 + yline) + Y13 = 0
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2
PL = 0.5P G1
So, L1 = 1
1 - PG 2
2PG 2
For economic power generation
C1 # L1 = C 2 # L 2
where C1 and C2 are the incremental fuel cost of plant G1 and G2 .
So, (10000) b 1 l = 12500 # 1
1 - PG 2
4 = 1-P
G
5 2
PG = 1 pu
5 2
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PL = 0.5 b 1 l = 1 pu
2
Loss
5 50
or PL = 1 # 100 = 2 MW
50
Total power, PL = PG + PG - PL
1 2
40 = 20 + P2 - 2
PG = 22 MW
2
1 = 1 - 30c I2)
I2 = 1 - 30c pu
Current in QG ,2
IG = I2 - I12 = 1 - 30c - (1 - j 0.288)
= 0.268 - 120c
VAR rating of capacitor,
QC = V2 VG = 1 # 0.268 = 0.268 pu
Sol. 9 Option (D) is correct.
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E V
where, Pmax =
X
E V
So, Pm = sin d0
X
(1.5) (1)
0.5 = sin d0 Pm = 0.5 pu
1 .5
sin d0 = 0.5
d0 = 30c
In radian, d0 = 30c # p = 0.523
180c
Substituting d0 into equation (i)
dcr = cos-1 [(p - 2 # 0.523) sin 30c - cos 30c]
= cos-1 [(2.095) (0.5) - 0.866]
= cos-1 (0.1815) - 79.6c
Sol. 10 Option ( ) is correct
Sol. 11 Option (A) is correct.
Negative phase sequence relay is used for the protection of alternators against
unbalanced loading that may arise due to phase-to-phase faults.
Sol. 12 Option (C) is correct.
Steady state stability or power transfer capability
E V
Pmax =
X
To improve steady state limit, reactance X should be reduced. The stability may
be increased by using two parallel lines. Series capacitor can also be used to get a
better regulation and to increase the stability limit by decreasing reactance.
Hence (C) is correct option.
Sol. 13 Option (A) is correct.
We know that
loss \ PG2
loss \ length
Distance of load from G1 is 25 km Distance of load from G2 & G 3 is 75 km generally
we supply load from nearest generator. So maximum of load should be supplied
from G1 . But G2 & G 3 should be operated at same minimum generation.
Sol. 14 Option (B) is correct.
Power angle for salient pole alternator is given by
V sin f + Ia Xq
tan d = t
Vt cos f + Ia Ra
Since the alternator is delivering at rated kVA rated voltage
Ia = 1 pu
Vt = 1 pu
f = 0c
sin f = 0, cos f = 1
Xq = 1 pu, Xd = 1.2 pu
1 0 + 1 (1)
tan d = # = 1 & d = 45c
1+0
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here
y10 =- 10j, y12 =- 5j, y23 = 12.5j, y 30 =- 10j
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE POWER SYSTEMS
By Applying KVL
V + VL = 0
VL =- V
VL =- 1 pu
Sol. 20 Option (A) is correct.
Given two buses connected by an Impedance of (0 + j5) W
The Bus 1 voltage is 100+30c V and Bus 2 voltage is 100+0c V
We have to calculate real and reactive power supply by bus 1
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11 (6C)
e1 = 3 = 11 # 6 = 3.46 kV
6C + 5C 3 11
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e2 = 11 # 5 = 2.89 kV
3 11
Sol. 26 Option (A) is correct.
Given : 3-f, 50 Hz, 11 kV cable
C1 = 0.2 mF
C2 = 0.4 mF
Charging current IC per phase = ?
Capacitance Per Phase C = 3C1 + C2
C = 3 # 0.2 + 0.4 = 1 mF
w = 2pf = 314
3
Changing current IC = V = V (wC) = 11 # 10 # 314 # 1 # 10- 6
XC 3
= 2 Amp
Sol. 27 Option (B) is correct.
Generator G1 and G2
XG1 = XG2 = X old # New MVA # b Old kV l
2
100 25
Same as XT1 = j0.12 # 200 # b 25 l = j0.27
2
90 25
XT2 = j0.12 # 200 # b 25 l = j0.27
2
90 25
X Line = 150 # 220 2 = j0.62
(220)
The Impedance diagram is being given by as
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From figure. it is cleared that branch (1) & (2) behaves like shunt element.
Sol. 31 Option (B) is correct.
We know that
Shunt Capacitors are used for improving power factor.
Series Reactors are used to reduce the current ripples.
For increasing the power flow in line we use series capacitor.
Shunt reactors are used to reduce the Ferranti effect.
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2 2 60
= 1 # 27.5 # 103 # b 2p # 3000 l MJ
2 60
= 1357.07 MJ
Inertia constant (H) = Stored K.E
Rating of Generator (MVA)
H = 1357.07
555.56
= 2.44 sec
Sol. 35 Option (D) is correct.
Given for X to F section of phase a
Va -Phase voltage and Ia -phase current.
Impedance measured by ground distance,
Bus voltage
Relay at X = = Va W
Current from phase 'a' Ia
Sol. 36 Option (D) is correct.
For EHV line given data is
Length of line = 300 km and b = 0.00127 S rad/km
wavelength l = 2p = 2p = 4947.39 km
b 0.00127
So l % = 300 100 = 0.06063 # 100
l 4947.39 #
l % = 6.063
l
Sol. 37 Option (B) is correct.
For three phase transmission line by solving the given equation
RDV V R(X - X ) 0 0 VRI V
S aW S s m WS aW
We get, SDVbW = S 0 (Xs - Xm) 0 WSIbW
SSDV WW SS + WS W
c 0 0 (X s 2 X m WSIcW
)
T X T XT X
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= 4R + 9R + 25R = 38R
So, minimum losses are gained by removing e 4 branch.
Sol. 43 Option (A) is correct.
Given : V (t) = Vm cos (wt)
For symmetrical 3 - f fault, current after the fault
Z
Maximum value of the dc offset current
Ae- (R/L) t =- 2 Vm cos (wt 0 - a)
0
Z
For this to be negative max.
(wt 0 - a) = 0
or t0 = a ...(1)
w
and Z = 0.004 + j0.04
Z = Z +a = 0.0401995+84.29c
a = 84.29cor 1.471 rad.
From equation (1)
t0 = 1.471 = 0.00468 sec
(2p # 50)
t 0 = 4.682 ms
Sol. 44 Option (C) is correct.
Since the fault F is at mid point of the system, therefore impedance seen is same
from both sides.
Z = 0.0201+84.29c
2
Z1 (Positive sequence) = Z = 0.0201+84.29c
2
also Z1 = Z2 = Z 0 (for 3-f fault)
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE POWER SYSTEMS
Z1 = Z = 0.0201+84.29c
2
Z2 = Z1 = 0.0201+84.29c
and Z 0 = 3Z1 = 0.0603+84.29c
Then Ia /3 = Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia0
PA + PB = 700 MW
For optimum generator PA = ? , PB = ?
From curve, maximum incremental cost for generator A
= 600 at 450 MW
and maximum incremental cost for generator B
= 800 at 400 MW
minimum incremental cost for generator B
= 650 at 150 MW
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R 1 1 1V
S W
and A = Sa2 a 1W
SS a a2 1WW
T X
VP = KAVS
` 3 ...(2)
IP = KAIS
and VS = Zl [IS ] ...(3)
R0.5 0 0 V
S W
where Zl = S 0 0.5 0 W
SS 0 0 2.0WW
T X
We have to find out Z if VP = ZIP ...(4)
From equation (2) and (3)
VP = KAZl [IS ]
-1
VP = KAZlb A l I p
K
VP = AZlA- 1 I p ...(5)
R 1 1 1V
S W
A = Sa2 a 1W
SS a a2 1WW
T X
-1 Adj A
A =
A
R 2V
S1 a a W
Adj A = S1 a2 a W
S W
S1 1 1 W
T X
A =1
3
R 2V
S1 a a W
A- 1 = 1 S1 a2 a W
3S W
S1 1 1 W
From equation (5) T X
R 1 1 1VR0.5 0 0VR1 a a2V R 1 0.5 0.5V
S WS WS W S W
Vp = 1 Sa2 a 1WS 0 0.5 0WS1 a2 a W I p = S0.5 1 0.5W I p ...(6)
3S S W
S a a2 1WWSS 0 0 2WWS1 1 1 W SS0.5 0.5 1 WW
Comparing of equation (5)T and (6) XT XT X T X
R 1 0.5 0.5V
S W
Z = S0.5 1 0.5W
SS0.5 0.5 1 WW
T X
Sol. 56 Option (B) is correct.
Given that, 230 V, 50 Hz, 3-f, 4-wire system
P = Load = 4 kw at unity Power factor
IN = 0 through the use of pure inductor and capacitor
Than L = ?, C = ?
a IN = 0 = IA + IB + IC ...(1)
Network and its Phasor is being as
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So here no energy transfer. The bus bar voltage and phase angle of each system
should be same than angle difference is
q = 30c - 20c = 10c
Sol. 59 Option (B) is correct.
With the help of physical length of line, we can recognize line as short, medium
and long line.
Sol. 60 Option (A) is correct.
For capacitor bank switching vacuum circuit breaker is best suited in view of cost
and effectiveness.
Sol. 61 Option (B) is correct.
Ratio of operating coil current to restraining coil current is known as bias in
biased differential relay.
Sol. 62 Option (B) is correct.
HVDC links consist of rectifier, inverter, transmission lines etc, where rectifier
consumes reactive power from connected AC system and the inverter supplies
power to connected AC system.
Sol. 63 Option (C) is correct.
Given ABCD constant of 220 kV line
A = D = 0.94+10c, B = 130+730c, C = 0.001+900c, VS = 240 kV
% voltage regulation is being given as
(V ) - (VR) Full load
%V.R. = R No Load # 100
VR (Full load)
At no load IR = 0
(VR) NL = VS /A , (VR) Full load = 220 kV
240 - 220
%V.R. = .94
0 # 100
220
%V.R. = 16
Sol. 64 Option ( ) is correct.
Sol. 65 Option (B) is correct.
Given that,
Vab1 = X+q1 , Vab2 = Y+q2 , Phase to neutral sequence volt = ?
First we draw phasor of positive sequence and negative sequence.
From figure we conclude that positive sequence line voltage leads phase voltage
by 30c
VAN1 = X+q1 - 30c
VAN2 = 4+q2 + 30c
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE POWER SYSTEMS
10 13.8
Sol. 67 Option (A) is correct.
Unreliable convergence is the main disadvantage of gauss seidel load flow method.
Sol. 68 Option (C) is correct.
Generator feeds power to infinite bus through double circuit line 3-f fault at
middle of line.
Infinite bus voltage(V ) = 1 pu
Transient internal voltage of generator(E ) = 1.1 pu
Equivalent transfer admittance during fault = 0.8 pu = 1/X
delivering power(PS ) = 1.0 pu
Perior to fault rotor Power angle d = 30c, f = 50 Hz
Initial accelerating power(Pa ) = ?
Pa = PS - Pm2 sin d
= 1 - EV sin 30c = 1 - 1.1 # 1 # 1 = 0.56 pu
X 1/0.8 2
Sol. 69 Option (B) is correct.
If initial acceleration power = X pu
Initial acceleration = ?
Inertia constant = ?
X (pu) # S 180 # 50 # X # S
a = Pa = =
M SH/180F S#S
a = 1800X deg / sec2
Inertia const. = 1 = 0.056
18
Sol. 70 Option (D) is correct.
The post fault voltage at bus 1 and 3 are.
Pre fault voltage.
RV V R1+0cV
S 1W S W
VBus = SV2W = S1+0cW
SSV WW SS1+0cWW
3
T X T X
At bus 2 solid fault occurs Z (f) = 0 , r = 2
Fault current I f = Vr c = V2 c
Zrr + Z f Z22 + Z f
Z f = 1+0c =- 4j
j0.24
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+ ve sequence reactance X1 = ?
Zero sequence reactance X 0 = ?
We know for transposed overhead transmission line.
+ ve sequence component X1 = XS - Xm = 0.4 - 0.1 = 0.3 W/km
Zero sequence component X 0 = XS + 2Xm
= 0.4 + 2 (0.1) = 0.6 W/km
Sol. 78 Option (C) is correct.
Industrial substation of 4 MW load = PL
QC = 2 MVAR for load p.f. = 0.97 lagging
If capacitor goes out of service than load p.f. = ?
cos f = 0.97
tan f = tan (cos- 1 0.97) = 0.25
QL - QC
= 0.25
PL
QL - 2
= 0.25 & QL = 3 MVAR
4
Q
f = tan- 1 c L m = tan- 1 b 3 l = 36c
PL 4
cos f = cos 36c = 0.8 lagging
Sol. 79 Option (D) is correct.
Y22 = ?
I1 = V1 Y11 + (V1 - V2) Y12
= 0.05V1 - j10 (V1 - V2) =- j9.95V1 + j10V2
I2 = (V2 - V1) Y21 + (V2 - V3) Y23
= j10V1 - j9.9V2 - j0.1V3
Y22 = Y11 + Y23 + Y2 =- j9.95 - j9.9 - 0.1j =- j19.95
Sol. 80 Option (C) is correct.
F1 = a + bP1 + cP 12 Rs/hour
F2 = a + bP2 + 2cP 22 Rs/hour
For most economical operation
P1 + P2 = 300 MW then P1, P2 = ?
We know for most economical operation
2F1 = 2F2
2P1 2P2
2cP1 + b = 4cP2 + b
P1 = 2P2 ...(1)
P1 + P2 = 300 ...(2)
From eq (1) and (2)
P1 = 200 MW , P2 = 100 MW
Sol. 81 Option (B) is correct.
V1 A B V2
We know that ABCD parameters > H =>
I1 C DH >I1H
B = V1 , C = I1
I2 V = 0 2
V2 I = 02
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V1
Z 1 + Z2
In figure C = = 1
V1 Z Z2
Z1 + Z 2 # 2
or Z2 = 1 = 1 = 40+ - 45c
C 0.025+45c
Sol. 82 Option (D) is correct.
Given
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EE POWER SYSTEMS
Z = L = 11 # 10- 3 = 306.88 W
C 11.68 # 10- 9
Ideal power transfer capability
2 (800) 2
P =V = = 2085 MW
Z0 306.88
Sol. 92 Option (D) is correct.
Given that,
Power cable voltage = 110 kV
C = 125 nF/km
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VS 2
= (215) 2 + (83.46) 2
VS = 53190.5716 = 230.63 kV
Sol. 95 Option (B) is correct.
A new generator of Eg = 1.4+30c pu
XS = 1.0 pu, connected to bus of Vt Volt
Existing Power system represented by thevenins equivalent as
Eth = 0.9+0c, Zth = 0.25+90c, Vt = ?
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VP - VQ = 3 V
Applying KVL through whole line
VP - VQ = (I - 10) 0.1 + (I - 30) 0.15 + (I - 60) # 0.2
& 3 = 0.45I - 17.5
I = 20.5 = 45.55 amp
0.45
Now the line drop is being given as
= (I - 10) 0.1 + (I - 30) 0.15 + (I - 60) 0.2
= (33.55) 0.1 + (15.55) 0.15 + (14.45) 0.2
= 8.58 V
The value of VP for minimum voltage of 220 V at any feeder is
= 220 + Line voltage = 220 + 8.58
= 228.58 V
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Zij + Zb S W8 ji jnB
ZB(New) = ZB (Old) -
SZnjW
New element Zb = j0.2 W is connected T X in jth and reference bus j = 2 , n = 4 so
R V
SZ12W
1 SZ22W
Zij + Zb SZ23W 8 21 22 23 24B
S W Z Z Z Z
SZ24W
T X R V
Sj0.2860W
1 Sj0.3408W
= S W8j0.2860 j0.3408 j0.2586 j0.2414B ...(1)
6j (0.3408) + j0.2@ Sj0.2586W
Sj0.2414W
T X
Given that we are required to change only Z22, Z23
j2 (0.3408) 2
So in equation (1) Zl22 = = j0.2147
j (0.5408)
j2 (0.3408) (0.2586)
Zl23 = = j0.16296
0.5408
Z22(New) = Z22(Old) - Zl22 = j0.3408 - j0.2147 = j0.1260
Z23(New) = Z23 (Old) - Zl23 = j0.2586 - j0.16296 = j0.0956
Sol. 112 Option (D) is correct.
Total zero sequence impedance, + ve sequence impedance and - ve sequence
impedances
Z0 = (Z 0) Line + (Z 0) Generator = j0.04 + j0.3 = j0.34 pu
Z1 = (Z1) Line + (Z1) Generator = j0.1 + j0.1 = j0.2 pu
Z2 = (Z2) Line + (Z2) Generator = j0.1 + j0.1 = j0.2 pu
Zn = j0.05 pu
for L-G fault
Ia1 = Ea = 0.1
Z 0 + Z1 + Z2 + 3Zn j0.2 + j0.2 + j0.34 + j0.15
=- j1.12 pu
generator MVA 20 # 106
IB = = = 1750 Amp
3 generator kV 3 # 6.6 # 103
Fault current
I f = (3Ia) IB = 3 (- j1.12) (1750) =- j5897.6 Amp
Neutral Voltage
Vn = I f Zn
and Zn = ZB # Z pu
(6.6) 2
= 0.05 = 0.1089 W
20 #
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