Eia PDF

Lahore Development Authority
Lahore
Construction of Signal Free Corridors

Jail Road & Main Boulevard Gulberg
Lahore
Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA)
Report
Jan-2015
ASIAN
Consulting Engineers
251-A, HBFC, Faisal Town, Lahore
Tel:042-35167973,35167445,0321-4271101, Fax:042-35167320,
email:arslan@asiancon.com Website:www.asiancon.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NR. DESCRIPTION PAGE

List of Abbreviations
List of References
List of Annexures
Executive Summary 1 to 5
Section-1, Introduction 6 to 10
1.1 General 6
1.2 Project Components 6
1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 6
1.3.1 General 6
1.3.2 Need for EIA 7
1.4 Objectives of the EIA Study 7
1.4.1 Objectives 7
1.4.2 Benefits to Society 8
1.5 Roles and Responsibilities 8
1.5.1 Executing Agency 8
1.5.2 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 8
1.5.3 Role of Environment Protection Department (EPD) Punjab 8
1.6 Proposed Procedure 8
1.6.1 Environmental Baseline Data 8
1.7 The Proponent 10
1.7.1 Contact Details 10
Section-2, Project Description 11 to 28
2.1 Lahore Urban Expansions 11
2.1.1 General 11
2.1.2 Improvements in City Traffic 11
2.2 Necessity for the Proposed Project 12
2.3 Alternatives Developed & Evaluated 16
2.4 Components of the Project 17
2.4.1 Jail Road 18
2.4.2 Main Boulevard 22
2.5 Design Life of the Proposed Project 25
2.6 Benefits upon Completion of the Project 25
2.7 Construction Materials 25
2.8 Construction Camps 26
2.9 Manpower Requirements 26
2.10 Construction Equipment 26
2.11 Geometric Design of Proposed Improvement in Roads 27
2.12 Project Implementation Schedule 27
2.13 Project Cost 27
2.14 Horticulture and Landscape 28
Section-3, Environmental Standards and Guidelines 29 to 37
3.1 General 29
3.2 EIA Requirements 29
3.2.1 General 29
3.2.2 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA-97) 29
3.2.3 Environmental Management Framework in Pakistan 30
3.2.4 Administrative Framework 31
3.2.5 National Environment Policy, 2005 32
3.2.6 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 2000 32
3.2.7 Pak EPA Review of IEE and EIA Regulation, 2000 33
3.2.8 Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures (Pak EPA) 34
3.2.9 Relevant Legal Policies of the Government of Pakistan 34
3.3 Standards and Guidelines 35
3.3.1 Air Pollution 35
3.3.2 Noise 35
3.3.3 Occupational Health 36
3.3.4 Ecology 36
3.3.5 Toxic or Hazardous Waste 36
3.3.6 Reservation of Cultural Heritage 36
3.4 Institutional Setup 36
3.4.1 General 36
3.4.2 Institutional and Administrative Framework 36
Section-4, Baseline Environmental Data 38 to 78
4.1 General 38
4.2 Study Parameters 38
4.2.1 Physical Resources 38
4.2.2 Ecological Resources 38
4.2.3 Human and Economic Development 39
4.2.4 Quality of Life 39
4.3 Physical Resources 39
4.3.1 Geography 39
4.3.2 Geology and Soils 40
4.3.3 Climatology 41
4.3.4 Surface Water & Ground Water 50
4.3.5 Seismology 53
4.3.6 Flooding 53
4.3.7 Water Logging and Salinity 53
4.3.8 Air Quality 53
4.3.9 Noise 63
4.4 Ecological Resources 63
4.4.1 Marine and Aquatic Ecology 63
4.4.2 Flora 63
4.4.3 Fauna 63
4.4.4 Endangered Species 63
4.5 Human & Economic Development 64
4.5.1 Communities Population and Features 64
4.5.2 Economy and Industrial Activities 66
4.5.3 Institutions 66
4.5.4 Transportation 66
4.5.5 Land Use & Land Rights 67
4.5.6 Agricultural Development 68
4.6 Quality of Life 68
4.6.1 Socio-Economic Conditions 68
4.7 Quality of Life 68
4.7.1 Socioeconomic Environment 68
4.7.2 Aesthetic Resources 72
4.7.3 Cultural & Religious Resources 73
4.7.4 Transportation and Communication in the Project Area 73
4.7.5 Industrial Activities 73
4.7.6 Approaches to the Project Area 73
4.7.7 Historical, and Recreational Places Near close or
along the project site 73
4.7.8 Project affected Persons 73
4.7.9 Cultural, and other Structures 73
4.7.10 Historical and Archeological Sites 73
Annexure 4.1 74
Annexure 4.2 75
Section-5, Screening of Environmental Impacts &
79 to 90
Mitigation
5.1 Screening of the Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 79
5.2 Environmental Screening 79
5.2.1 Construction Phase Impacts 79
5.2.2 Operation Phase Impacts 83
5.3 Environmental Impact Characterization 85
Section-6, Public Consultation and Disclosure 91 to 97
6.1 General 91
6.2 Identification of Main Stakeholders 91
6.2.1 General 91
6.2.2 Categories of stakeholders consulted 92
6.3 Issues Briefed during Public Consultation 92
6.3.1 Major Stakeholders and their Apprehensions 92
6.3.2 Awareness Regarding the Proposed Project 94
6.3.3 Acceptability of the Proposed Project 94
6.3.4 Protective Measures Suggested by the Respondents 95
6.4 Summary of Comments & Discussions 95
6.5 Conclusions 96
Annexure 6.1 97
Section-7, Environmental Impacts and Mitigation 98 to 136
7.1 General 98
7.2 Summary of Environmental Impacts 99
7.3 Environmental Impacts during Construction Phase 100
7.3.1 Physical Resources 100
7.3.2 Impact on Water Resources 110
7.3.3 Biological Environment 110
7.3.4 Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment 111
7.3.5 Environmental and Social Emergency Contingency Plan 113
7.3.6 Change of Land use 114
7.3.7 Disposal of Mucking Material 114
7.3.8 Vibration 115
7.4 Socioeconomic Mitigation 115
7.4.1 Relocation of Population/ Resettlement 115
7.4.2 Disturbance to People 115
7.4.3 Traffic Congestion in Nearby Localities 115
7.4.4 Health and Safety of Workers and Public 115
7.4.5 Mitigation of the Perceived Effects 116
7.5 Environmental Impacts during Operation Phase 116
7.5.1 Air Quality 116
7.5.2 Noise 116
7.5.3 Safety of Pedestrians and Cyclists 117
7.6 Environmental Mitigation Plan 117
Annexure 7.1 118
Annexure 7.2 128
Annexure 7.3 130
Section-8, Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring 137 to 152
8.1 Environmental Management 137
8.2 Environmental, & Social Management 137
8.2.1 8.2.1 Monitoring Framework Guidelines 137
8.2.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 139
8.3 Management and Monitoring 143
8.3.1 During Construction Phase 143
8.3.2 During Operation Phase 144
8.4 Staff and Training 145
8.5 Equipment and Instruments 146
8.6 Technical Training Programs 146
8.7 Environmental Monitoring Plan 146
8.7.1 Construction Phase 146
8.7.2 Operation Phase 147
8.8 Responsibilities for Monitoring and Reporting 152
8.9 Environmental Action Plan 152
Section-9, Conclusions and Cecommendations 153 to 155
9.1 Environmental Issues & Mitigations 153
9.2 Benefits of the Project 153
9.3 LDAs / Consultants Obligations 153
9.4 Contractors Obligations 154
Appendix-A
Appendix-B
Executive Summary
Section-1, Introduction
Section-2, Project Description
Section-3, Environmental Standards
and Guidelines
Section-4, Baseline Environmental
Data
Annexure-4.1
Annexure-4.2
Section-5, Screening of
Environmental Impacts & Mitigation
Section-6, Public Consultation and
Disclosure
Section-7, Environmental Impacts and
Mitigation
Annexure 7.1
Annexure 7.2
Annexure 7.3
Section-8, Environmental Mitigation
and Monitoring
Section-9, Conclusions and
Cecommendations
Appendix-A
Appendix-B
List of Abbreviations
Nr. Abbreviation Description
1 CC Construction Contractor
2 CO Carbon Monoxide
3 EA Executing Agency
4 EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
5 EMMC Environmental Management and Monitoring
Committee
6 EPD Environmental Protection Department
7 EPA Environmental Protection Agency
8 HC Hydrocarbons
9 IEE Initial Environmental Examination
10 LDA Lahore Development Authority
11 LAA Land Acquisition Act
12 LACU Land Acquisition and Compensation Unit
13 NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards
14 PAPs Project Affected Persons
15 PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
16 PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protection Council
17 PHA Parks and Horticulture Authority
18 TEPA Traffic Engineering and Planning Agency
19 WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority
20 WHO World Health Organization
i
References
1. Census Reports of Punjab/Lahore District
2. Environmental Impact Assessment-Improvement of Canal Bank Roads

and Extension of Maulana Shaukat Ali Roads, Lahore
3. Lahore Master Plan-2030
4. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and subsequent additions-

supplements
5. PC-1 / Project Cost Estimates of the proposed Project
6. Transport Master Plan for Lahore-2030
ii
List of Annexures and Appendices
Nr. Title
1 Annexure-4.1
Air Quality Monitoring Report
2 Annexure-4.2
Emissions from the Motorized Vehicles
3 Annexure-7.1
Check List Parameters-Construction Stage& Operation Stage
4 Annexure-7.2
Emissions from the Motorized Vehicles-Present & Future
5 Annexure-7.3
Environmental Mitigation Plan
6 Appendix-A
The World Banks Operational Manual OP 4.01 for
Environmental Assessment
7 Appendix-B
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), 1997
National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)
Revised National Environmental Quality Standards
(RNEQS)
Schedules
iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. General
The Lahore Development Authority, Lahore intends to improve upon the roads
and crossings along route from Qartaba Chowk to Fawara Chowk in Gulberg to
Liberty Market Roundabout and has appointed Asian Consulting Engineers
(AsCE), Lahore as Consultants for rendering services towards preparation of
Environment Impact Assessment of the said project.
The main objectives of the study were to establish baseline environmental
conditions, identify potential impacts and suggest suitable mitigation measures
for the execution of the proposed project. This study has been accomplished in line
with the provisions guidelines and directives of Pakistan /Punjab
Environmental Protection Agency with stipulations and practices formulated by
the Federal Environmental Protection Agency Pakistan and as prescribed in the
Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures.
The proposed signal free corridor is located in the hub of the city accommodating
best educational, health facilitation centres and business hub areas. The main
objective of the construction of signal free corridors is to facilitate the commuters
so that they will get rid of long queues and traffic jams at junctions/crossings. The
project commences from Qartaba Chowk and ends at Liberty Roundabout in
Gulberg, components include:
Improvement of Shadman Chowk-Provision of Underpass
Improvement of PIC Chowk
Improvement of Canal Road crossing
Improvement of Zafar Ali Road crossing
Improvement of Fawara Chowk-Provision of Underpass
Improvement of Main Market Chowk
Improvement of Zahoor Elahi Chowk
The cost of the project has been estimated as Rs. 1,520.63 million. The project life
is assessed as 100-years for concrete structures and 25-years for road pavements
when the same will be rehabilitated.
2. Environmental Baseline Data

2.1 Geography
The project area lies in a location which is built-up environment or green belts on
outer side of the road pavements. The green belts are duly land-scaped generally
of soft landscape i.e. grassing, plantation and other plants, flowers, etc.
The project lies partly in Gulberg Town, and Data Gunj Baksh Town of the Lahore
City District.
The geotechnical properties and mineralogical composition of the soil, das
established during various studies / boring of tube wells for water supply by
WASA/LDA confirm that the Lahore soil is composed of silty clay. The major
mineral composition for Lahore soil is Quartz, Muscovite and Clinochlore, which
shows that the alluvial deposit received sediments from metamorphic origin.
Executive Summary 1
2.2 Climatology
The average annual temperature in Lahore is fairly hot at 24.3 degrees Celsius (75.7
degrees Fahrenheit) and there is a range of average monthly temperatures of 21.1
C (38F) which is a below moderate range. The average diurnal temperature
variation/ range is 15.5 C (27.9 F).
The warmest month (June) is very, very hot with an average temperature of 33.9
degrees celcius (93.02 degrees Fahrenheit). The coolest month (January) is mild
having an average temperature of 12.8 degrees celcius (55.04 degrees Fahrenheit).
Annual average sunshine is for 8.4 hours/ day. January has the minimum
sunshine to the tune of 6.9 hours/ day.
The wind characteristics determine that 60% days of the year are calm and 33%
days have mean speed of 1-3 knots. Only 6% days exhibit speed of 4-6 knots and
higher. Wind directions are from north-west and south-east during summer and
winter respectively.
Lahore mainly receives its rainfall during the monsoon season from June till
September, and in winter season from December till February. The highest-ever
annual rainfall in Lahore was recorded in 1955 when 1,317.5 millimetres (51.87 in)
of rainfall was recorded. Lahore received below normal rains in 2009, and normal
rains in 2007 and 2010.
The evapotranspiration is rapid in warmer periods of April-August and at times
it is more than 70%.
The city / project site receives moderate dust storms both in terms of intensity and
frequency.
On the average, the humidity is about 77% in the morning and is above 40% in the
evening. The average annual relative humidity is 37.9% and average monthly
relative humidity ranges from 20% in May to 58% in August.
2.3 Air Quality
The quality of air prevalent in the project area has been determined. For the
purpose, four locations i.e. Qartaba Chowk, Shadman Chowk, Fawara Chowk,
and Liberty Roundabout have been selected. The air quality determined is well
below the prescribed limits for Nitrogen Oxide, Sulphur Dioxide, and Carbon
Mono Oxide. However particulate matter is just approaching the prescribed limit
of 150 ug/m3 for 24-hours particularly the situation is critical at Qartaba Chowk.
2.4 Noise Level

The noise level at the selected location i.e. Qartaba Chowk, Shadman Chowk,
Fawara Chowk, and Liberty Roundabout is determined as under:
Nr Location Min. Noise Leve Max. Noise Leve Prescribed L
1 Liberty Roundabout 68.2(0300 hours) 74.6(1900 hours) 85

2 Fowara Chowk 68.3(0300 hours) 74.4(2100 hours) 85
3 Shadman Chowk 68.5(1000 hours) 74.6(0400 hours) 85
4 Qartaba Chowk 73.4(0300 hours) 81.3(1600 hours) 85
Executive Summary 2
2.5 Surface and Ground Water
No river exist in the vicinity; however, storm water drains (Cantt Drain) cross the
proposed corridor for disposal into the Ravi River. River Ravi receives almost all
the municipal/ industrial wastes from the city of Lahore. The potential value as a
recreational water body and breeding place for fish is threatened by the municipal
and industrial pollution.
Ground water quality is fresh (defined as acceptable in terms of its salinity).Raw

water abstracted from the deep tube wells is believed to be essentially bacteria
free. Groundwater is available at a depth ranging between 15 to 23m below the
natural surface level.
The water quality in the upper 50 meters zone of subsoil is generally brackish.
Deep groundwater from a depth of about 200 m in the vicinity of the Project Area
is being extracted for meeting the domestic and commercial water demands in
nearby areas.
2.6 Flora and Fauna
The diversity and distribution of plant species within the Lahore District depends
upon the availability of water and the underlying geology. There are significant
numbers of trees in Green Belts green areas in the vicinity. About 200 trees and
100 plants will be affected due to the proposed project. However, the cut-
trees/plants will be replaced by many-folds trees and plants along with
adequately land-caped locations.
No endangered species exist in the project area.
2.7 Socio-economic Level
The entire length of the project is surrounded by varying socio-economic level of

population; rich communities living in Gulberg and the one in Ichra-its vicinity
describe such variations.
Pakistan ranks 144th in UNDPs Human Development Index (HDI), out of total
178 countries. According to UNDPs HDI report, Pakistan faces enormous
challenges, including poverty, poor healthcare facilities, illiteracy and a
continuously soaring population. The HDI for Lahore is 0.688 whereas this index
for Karachi is 0.789
2.8 Cultural and Religious Resources
There are no reported cultural resources in the project etc. In addition, no mosque
and other religious place falls within the right of way of the proposed
improvement of roads- provision of underpass and improvement of crossings.
2.9 Public Consultation and Disclosure
Public of varying trade and profession and located within or around the project
area have been consulted towards implementation of the project; majority of the
so consulted favour taking-up the project so as to provide relief to the public.
Executive Summary 3
3. Environmental Impacts
3.1 General
The proposed project almost no negative impact on the existing environment due
to the following facts:
i. The trees / plants falling within the right-of-way of the project will be
replaced by new plants / trees, therefore the impact of the cutting of trees
will be insignificant.
ii. The type of construction involved does not produce any significant
negative impacts.
iii. Effect on fauna is negligible.
iv. Since no land acquisition or removal of any settlement is involved,

therefore impact of human settlement are almost negligible. A small
property in the project location will be duly compensated.
v. The positive impact of enhanced traffic facility thereby reducing the

Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC) and time savings will go a long way
towards improving long-term economic activity.
vi. No significant negative impacts are foreseen during operation stage of

the Project rather a decrease in Vehicular Emission is foreseen with the
construction of the project.
3.2 Possible Negative Impacts
The likely negative impacts that are likely to be involved include:
i. Only a small public property measuring 15,500 sq.ft. is to be

compensated and dismantled.
ii. A small piece of land measuring about 28-marlas is to be acquired under

the project implementation.
iii. Although the Project involves some significant adverse environmental

impacts, those are mostly related to the construction stage of the Project.
This Project has been placed in category A i.e. projects having significant
adverse environmental impacts. No long-term and significant adverse
environmental impacts are however envisaged for the operation stage of
the Project. Hence, the proposed project is environmentally feasible
provided that the mitigation measures.
iv. During the construction stage, dust and noise level are foreseen to
increase, which will require proper mitigation.
v. The trees / plants falling in the right-of-way will be replaced by fresh-

newly plants trees of better species. The affected trees and plants are 200
and 100 respectively.
Executive Summary 4
4. Mitigation of Negative Impacts
The likely negative impacts are proposed to be mitigated as under:
i. Upon completion of the project certain pedestrian linkages would be

disturbed which will be mitigated through provision of pedestrian
bridges, as such the project will take care of this inconvenience to the
public and at locations, Overhead Pedestrians will be provided.
ii. In order to mitigate impact of cutting of trees and plants, it is planned to

plant fresh trees/plants equal to at least double the species so cut. In
addition, proper landscaping of the area will be accomplished. A
provision of 6.438 million has already been made in the project cost
estimates.
iii. Local persons should be preferred in jobs of the construction activities.

The procedure so adopted will provide compensation to
workers/vendors presently earning livelihood while locating their
business along the corridor.
iv. Some of the negative impacts during construction activity including dust
issues, emissions from the heavy machinery deployed by the Contractor
for construction.
v. The Contractor is under obligation to keep the site of works in sanitary

way. For the purpose, it is anticipated that at least 50-sanitary workers
will be deployed throughout the construction period.
vi. Monitoring of noise, air quality, social problems, and aesthetics is

required during construction and operation phases of the project.
5. Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Management Plan has been developed to monitor all the

construction and operation activities. The plan so adopted will take into account
all the vital and sensitive issues in the project implementation. Lahore
development Authority will be responsible for the execution of this plan in
coordination with Construction Contractor, Environment Protection Department,
Punjab and Parks & Horticulture Authority, Lahore.
6. Cost for Mitigation Measures
The total environmental costs has been estimated as Rs.1.0 million and is included
in the project cost, to be borne by the Construction Contractor; cost deemed to be
included in other items of works.
7. Project Implementation Feasible in Environment Terms
Construction of the proposed project is environmentally feasible provided that the

mitigation measures are properly implemented.
Executive Summary 5
SECTION-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
The Lahore Development Authority (LDA) has planned improvement of roads-

crossings along the route as part of traffic improvement in the Metropolis of
Lahore. The Government of Punjab (GoPb) initiated a strong commitment to
develop and improve the public transport by implementing the first Metro Bus
System (MBS) out of three corridors of Lahore Metropolis. The implementation of
part of the MBS is helping out of the traffic and transport problems and improve
upon the existing corridor.
For upgrading Lahore Public Transport System, the GoPb has initiated MBS on
the following three corridors:
Corridor-1: Ferozepur Road (Gajju Matta to Shahdra), 27 km which has since been
accomplished and under operation.
Corridor-II: Multan Road (Thokar to MAO College), 13 km
Corridor-III: G.T.Road (from Azadi Chowk to Lahore Ring Road), 13 km.
The proposed project is part of the traffic improvement facilities so far extended and will
help reduce traffic congestions along the traffic route.
1.2 Project Components
The project comprises:

Re-Modelling of Race Course Road
Re-Modelling of Jail Road
Re-Modelling of Main Boulevard Road and Underpass at Fawara Chowk
Improvement of Road Crossings at PIC, Canal, Zafar Ali
The main objectives of this EIA Report are to establish the baseline environmental
conditions and to identify potential impacts and suggest suitable mitigation
measures for the execution of the proposed project.
The assignment for carrying out EIA for construction of the proposed
improvements to roads along the corridor has been assigned by the LDA to Asian
Consulting Engineers, Lahore.
1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
1.3.1 General
The primary purpose of EIA is to ensure that the government and/or decision
makers are aware of the environmental consequences of a project. The more
specific reasons for undertaking the EIA are to:
Section-1, Introduction 6
show clearly any effects that the development project will have on the
environment and the people who use that environment;
compare alternative options to the complete project, or to the way in
which a project will be implemented;
inform all stakeholders of the findings of the assessment and help with
decisions on whether or not the project should be implemented;
recommend improvements to a project to reduce impacts; and
help decision-makers learn from experience to make better decisions on
future projects.
The real objective of an EIA is sometimes forgotten by individuals and

organizations who regard EIAs as merely a procedural requirement, instead of an
opportunity to assess the impacts of the project, evaluate project alternatives and
consult the stakeholders involved in order to assist them to make an informed
decision.
Often EIAs generate large amounts of information, which is not focused enough.
For projects involving urban re-development, the true environmental and social -
resources are carried out with the involvement of stakeholders.
1.3.2 Need for EIA
According to Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA, 1997) Appendix-B

and its interpretation in Pakistan Environmental Protection Agencys (PEPA)
Policy and Procedures for the filing, review and approval of environmental
assessments, the present project falls under Schedule II. The Schedule A enlists all
projects those require an EIA.
1.4 Objectives of the EIA Study
1.4.1 Objectives
The main objective of the EIA study is to assess the environmental impacts likely
to occur due to the construction of the roads improvement project, and to suggest
mitigation measures to minimize the likely negative impacts.
For achieving the above objectives, the study was mainly divided into following
sectors:
Identification of all requirements as set forth by Pakistan Environmental

Protection Act. 1997 and the Guidelines for preparation of EIA reports, etc.
Study of existing regulatory framework in Pakistan with reference to the
developmental projects;
Study of Guidelines for the preparation of EIA reports;
Collection and scrutinizing data related to physical, ecological and socio-
economic, and physical recourses of the project area;
Evaluation of data and identification of significant environmental impacts;
Identification of necessary mitigation measures to minimize the negative
impacts; and
Preparation of an Environmental Management Plan.
1.4.2 Benefits to Society
The end-users / society is also benefited, such as:
enhanced protection of natural ecosystems, habitats and landscapes;

more efficient use of resources such as land, water, energy and other
natural resources;
the protection of cultural and archaeological resources;
reduced risks to human health and safety from accidents and emissions;
and
improved health for employees and human communities.
1.5 Roles and Responsibilities
1.5.1 Executing Agency
The Executive Agency of the project is Lahore Development Authority (LDA)

through its Chief Engineer, UD Wing.
1.5.2 Implementation of Mitigation Measures
Mitigation measures shall be implemented through Environment Management

Plan, with responsibilities assigned to various departments/ agencies as mentioned
in Section 7 of this Report.
1.5.3 Role of Environment Protection Department (EPD) Punjab
The main responsibility of EPD Punjab will be implementing the measures

suggested in the Environment Management Plan for the construction-operation
phases of the project. They will execute their responsibility in close coordination with
the Lahore Development Authority.
1.6 Proposed Procedure
The proposed procedure for carrying out EIA is presented in the under-
mentioned part of the report.
1.6.1 Environmental Baseline Data
a. Geography
The reconnaissance of the project site and available data will determine:
Location of the project and its vicinity;

General topography of the site;
Present and potential use of the site;
Anticipated benefits/losses due to shift in land use;
Approaches to the site;
Linkages through road(s) / pedestrian bridges;
The roadways as well as the structures present in the vicinity of the
site and sign of any damage/distress, which could be associated to
the weak ground condition; and
Others.
b. Subsurface Geotechnics
Through data from secondary sources, establish subsurface stratigraphy at the site
of the project including:
Type of soils;
Presence of obnoxious substances which may affect adversely the
foundation and other infrastructure proposed to be developed at
the site;
Others.
c. Drainage
Study drainage pattern of the area including presence of any natural water body
or seepage / surface water drain.
d. Climatology
The meteorology of the project site area will be collected to ascertain local
climatology including:
Temperatures;
Rainfall;
Humidity;
Air Quality, if data is available for local situation; and
Annual average sunshine; and
Wind pattern.
e. Ground Water
Ground water availability and its suitability for use by the project are to be
established. Existing wells data will be helpful in determining the water
availability and its quality.
f. Flora and Fauna
The presence of tree cover, etc. and endangered species, should be determined.
g. Socio-economic conditions
The socioeconomic level of the population in the vicinity of the project site is to be
determined from data through secondary sources. Possible job opportunities due
to construction and operation of the project would be available to the busy route
located in economic hub of the city.
1.7 The Proponent
1.7.1 Contact Details
For further details or clarifications regarding this IEE, the proponent or the
Consultants can be contacted at the following addresses:
Proponent:
Engr. Asrar Saeed
Chief Engineer
Lahore Development Authority
LDA Complex
M.A.Johar Town
Lahore.
Tel: +92-42-9218445 /0322-8888216
Consultants:
Engr. M. Hanif Chaudhry
Environmental Engineer
Asian Consulting Engineers
251-A, HBFC, Faisal Town
Lahore
Tel: +92-42-35167973,35167445, 0321/0300-9455299
E-mail: hanif@asiancon.com
SECTION-2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Lahore Urban Expansions
2.1.1 General
Lahore) is the capital of the province of Punjab and

the second largest city in the country. One of the most
densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a
vibrant economic, political, transportation, entertainment,
and educational hub. The city of Lahore has been a center
of cultural heritage for many civilizations.
The Lahore District lies between 31153145 N and 74017439 E, and is

bounded on the north and west by the Sheikhupura
District, on the east by Wagah, and on the south by Kasur
District. The Ravi River flows on the northern side of
Lahore. Lahore city covers a total land area of 404 km and
is still growing.
The administrative towns of the city of Lahore are as under:
1. Ravi Town
2. Shalimar Town
3. Wagah Town
4. Aziz Bhatti Town
5. Data Gunj Bakhsh Town
6. Gulberg
7. Samanabad Town
8. Iqbal Town
9. Nishtar Town
The project lies partly in Gulberg Town, and Data Gunj Baksh Town of the Lahore
City District.
2.1.2 Improvements in City Traffic
Since last about two decades, several traffic and transport studies of Lahore Metropolis
has been conducted, either funded by internal agencies / loans or local budget plans.
Although some of the studies concluded in a comprehensive manner, but
implementation of crucial recommendations could not be realized.
The Government of Punjab (GoPb) initiated a strong commitment to develop and

improve the public transport by implementing the first Metro Bus System (MBS) out
of three corridors of Lahore Metropolis. The implementation of part of the MBS is
Section-2, Project Description 11

helping out of the traffic and transport problems and improve upon the existing
corridor.
The implementation of MBS is helping out of the traffic and transport problems and
improve upon the existing corridor. For upgrading Lahore Public Transport System,
the Government of Punjab (GoPb) has initiated MBS on the following three corridors:
Corridor-1: Ferozepur Road (Gajju Matta to Shahdra), 27 km which has since

accomplished and under operation.
Corridor-II: Multan Road (Thokar to MAO College), 13 km.
Dedicated lanes have been provided in the median of articulated buses for interrupted
flow with well-coordinated integrated operational system. The concept of MBS is a
rapid mode of transportation. The MBS stations have been provided at suitable
locations on the main carriageway. The provision of pedestrian bridges at required
locations is also underway/completed so as to access to the commuters to MBS
Stations.
The Ferozepur Road being congested due to rapid growing urban development and
industrial infrastructure, has been selected as the priority corridor for MBS and has
since been completed and open to operation since February-2013. The corridor is
initially 27 km from Gujju Matta to Shahdara. The corridor is partly at grade and partly
elevated. From Gujju Matta to Qaddafi Stadium, it is at grade and from Qazaffi
Stadium to Bhatti Chowk (8.5 km), it is elevated and is again at grade till Shahdra. At
grade, the MBS operation is facing difficulties and conflicting traffic at eight
points/junctions. Out of these eight points, four junctions, Qainchi, Ghazi Road,
Khaira and Azadi Chowk are more critical which require improvements; the
interchange at Qainchi very recently put to operation whereas construction at Azadi
Chowk is proceeding rapidly while other locations will be accomplished in due course
of time.
The purpose of the project would be two-fold:
Reducing congestions at the crossings.

Development of road network to reduce time of commuters and
consequently resulting in savings.
2.2 Necessity for the proposed Provision
The city of Lahore is one of the most accessible cities of the Punjab Province. In
addition to the historic Grand Trunk Road (G.T. Road), a motorway (M-2) was
completed in 1997 from Lahore to Islamabad. The government has built
underpasses to ease congestion and prevent traffic jams, and according to
official figures, Lahore transportation services have improved to accommodate
the growing number of visitors to the city. It is well connected by air to other
countries as well as all major cities of Pakistan. Buses, trains, taxis and
rickshaws are the other means of transport available in Lahore.
Under the JICA Study, there is a lack of Overpasses and Underpasses in the city.
Despite these improvements, Lahore struggles for safety on its roads, which are

dangerous because the number of vehicles overwhelms the road space. Massive
congestion occurs every day as millions of Lahorites travel through
disorganized, fast-moving traffic, and accidents are widespread.
The link requiring improvements plays an important role traffic and transport
system of the Lahore metropolis including:
Serves the traffic of ever expanding suburbs to the city centre

Shares the traffic load of highly congested and limited number of
historically developed radial routes in the city.
Serves an important link for Main City Centres in Gulberg and rest of the
city.
As such, accounting for the importance of this route, although roads have been
widened at many of the locations, improvement of crossings and making the
link a Signal-free is becoming inevitable.
Therefore, GoP has decided to improve the route to cater the traffic problems.
The existing traffic situation at various locations is included in Exhibit-2.1 and
Exhibit-2.2.

Exhibit-2.1, Traffic along the Route of Proposed Project-Shadman Chowk

Exhibit-2.2, Traffic along the Route of Proposed Project-Fawara Chowk

The traffic situation as above, therefore, still requires more improvements so as
to achieve the targets of hindrance and signal-free traffic flow along the route.
2.3 Alternatives Developed and Evaluated
Four alternate options have been considered, evaluated and the preferred option
selected for implementation purpose. The options comprise:
Alternative-I: No Project Option

Alternative-II: Provision of Overhead Bridges at Crossings
Alternate-III: Underpasses at Important Crossings and Improvement of Others
a) Alternative 1, "No Project Option"
Under the option, increase in traffic volumes over the period will create traffic
congestion and the situation will get worst. This road is the main artery in the business-
educational centre, which provides links to other major roads. Due to excessive use of
this road, the traffic congestion is becoming a major and routine issue. In the absence
of the Project, the existing traffic problem and the level of service will further aggravate
with the passage of time. Therefore, it is important to upgrade the existing road to
cater for the increased vehicular movement. Moreover, emissions from vehicles will
cause air pollution that will continue deteriorating the environmental quality of the
project area.
b) Alternative 2, Provision of Overhead Crossings
Under the alternative, overhead bridges at the Shadman Chow and Fawara Chowk
along with improvement of other crossings is considered. Under the option, in
addition to increased capital cost of construction, the fibre of the area will be
significantly disturbed. Therefore evaluation in terms of capital cost, inconvenience to
existing trade and business, educational and other institution, the option is not
favoured.
c) Alternative - 3 Provision of Underpasses at Shadman Chowk and Fawara Chowk

associated with other Improvements
Under the option, improvement of the route is considered including the following
improvements:

Improvement of Fawara Chowk-Provision of Underpass
The comparison evaluation of the options is included in Table-2.1.

Table-2.1, Evaluation of Options
Nr. Option Environmental Issues Social Issues
1. Option-1, No Project Air Pollution Frequent Conflicts

Noise Pollution Time delays
Time Risk of Accidents
Consumption
Fuel Consumption
2. Option-2, Provision of Reduction in Time High Cost
Overhead Bridges at Delays Land Acquisition
Crossings Reduction in Air Issues
Pollution due to
reduced vehicle
emissions
Wear and Tear of
Vehicles reduced
due to smooth
traffic
3. Option-3, Underpasses Reduction in Time No private Land
at Important Crossings Delays for Acquisition
and Improvement of Reduction in Air involved except a
Others Pollution small piece
Reduction in Fuel Reduction in
Consumption due Accidents
to smooth Traffic Relatively lower
Flow cost involved
Structure Stability
at Risk
d) Preferred Selected Option
In the light of above discussion, Alternative-3 is the most feasible option as it will help
managing traffic flow resulting in reduction in time delays and air pollution. Smooth
flow of traffic will also help in lesser wear and tear of vehicles.
2.4 Components of the Project

Re-Modelling of Race Course Road
Re-Modelling of Jail Road
Re-Modelling of Main Boulevard Road and Underpass at Fawara Chowk
Improvement of Road Crossings at PIC, Canal, Zafar Ali
The project components are briefed hereunder.

2.4.1 Jail Road
The length of the road is 4.5 kms, and improvement of the road includes
following components:
Remodeling of Jail Road

Remodeling of Race Course Road
Shadman Chowk Underpass
Widening of Bridge at Zafar Ali Road
Fawara Chowk Underpass
Double Free U-Turns at Eden Chowk, Shadman Chowk, PIC Chowk,
Canal Road, Zafar Ali Road.
02 nos. Pedestrian Bridges
Land Acquisition
Shifting of Services
The plans for the component works are included in Exhibit-2.3.

Exhibit-2.3, The Improvement of Jail Road

2.4.2 Main Boulevard
The length of the road is 2.6 kms, and improvement of the road includes
following components:
Remodeling of Main Boulevard

Strengthening of both carriage ways.
Remodeling of Liberty Roundabout
New Central Drain from Zahoor Elahi Chowk to Fawara Chowk
Double Free U-Turns at Main Market Chowk & Zahoor Elahi Chowk
02 nos. Pedestrian Bridges
Shifting of Services
The plans for the component works are included in Exhibit-2.4.

Exhibit-2.4, Main Boulevard Improvements

2.5 Design Life of the Proposed Project
The anticipated design life for components of the project is as under:
Roads pavements 20 years

Structures/Underpasses 100 years
2.6 Benefits upon Completion of the Project
The completion of the project will result in the following benefits:
Good road surfaces will be available to the public, which will improve the
environment of the city;
The commercial activities and business in the city will be improved as
people feel ease in reaching bazaars which are connected to these roads;
Public mental tension, frustration will be minimized; and
The city will have a better look.
To meet the roads and their service level in the city, under mentioned
improvements would be required:
o Widening and improvement of existing road by way of earthwork,

sub base, base, surface treatment and drainage;
o The capacity requirements for the period 2035 will form basis for
project implementation;
o Operation and maintenance to be streamlined by way of additional
resources; both manpower & revenue collection to be improved /
augmented to meet the operation and maintenance cost.
The purpose of the project is keeping with the sector development objectives
which provide for the sustainable delivery of a productive and efficient road
network within the urban area of the rapidly expanding Lahore city.
2.7 Construction Materials
The materials used in construction of the road for the proposed project would
include coarse aggregates (crush), fine aggregates (sand), steel, water, asphalt,
reinforcement, cement etc. Fine aggregates are locally available in the area, while
the soil, cement and steel will be procured from other sources. The details of the
construction material for the proposed project are given as under:
a) Sargodha Quarries (Crushed Aggregate Source)
Sargodha rock quarries are located on the left side of Faisalabad - Sargodha road.
The Precambrian basement complex near Sargodha is spread over an area of about
200 sq. Km between Chiniot and Sargodha. These hills are called Kirana hills. The
rocks are exposed as isolated ridges in an otherwise level plain, filled by alluvium.
The rocks in this area comprise meta-sediments, represented by quartize, phylite

and slate. The volcanic rocks include rhyolite, volcanic tuff and brecciate volcanic

matter.
By crushing these aggregates of desired size can be produced without producing
a significant amount of flat and elongated particles. However, aggregates
produced by crushing slate contain a considerable amount of flat and elongated
particles. The inclusion of slate may therefore be avoided during blasting and
crushing. Crush stone were tested by the Design Consultant and suggested that
this material is suitable for use in road construction, after crushing to the specified
size and gradation. The quantities available are quite large and mining leases have
already been obtained by various parties.
b) Fine Aggregate (Sand)
Good quality natural fine aggregate or sand of acceptable degradation is not

available in nearby locality of the Project. The nearest source of sand is the Ravi
River, which is accessible. But the sand from this source is devoid of coarse sand
sizes and requires blending of these sizes. The other source of sand of good
properties and grading is Haro River from where sand will be utilized for
construction purposes.
c) Asphalt, Reinforcement and Cement
Asphalt, reinforcement and cement will be transported from the factories near
Lahore, or local agents in Lahore or Faisalabad for road construction for the
proposed project.
2.8 Construction Camps
Camp sites will be selected keeping in view the availability of adequate area for
establishing camp sites, including parking areas for machinery, stores and
workshops, access to communication and local markets, and an appropriate
distance from sensitive areas in the vicinity. Final locations will be selected by the
Contractor with the consent of supervision Consultants and upon approval from,
LDA.
2.9 Manpower Requirements
The manpower requirement during construction and operation of the project will
be about 200 people including managerial staff, skilled and unskilled labour.
2.10 Construction Equipment
The machinery and the equipment required for the proposed project will
comprise:
Dump Trucks
Front End Loaders
Dozers
Graders
Vibratory Rollers
Water Tankers

Aggregate Spreaders
Three Wheels Rollers
Tandem Rollers
Asphalt Plant
Pavers
Asphalt Distributors
Concrete Batching Plants
Transit Mixers-Trucks
Vibrators
Concrete Pumps
Water Pumps
Cranes
Generators
Other misc.
2.11 Geometric Design of the Proposed Imporvment in Roads
The Geometric Design of the project is governed by AASHTO Criteria for

highways design. The Geometric design parameters are given below:
a) Design ESALs
The analysis period for the Project has been selected as 20 years. Traffic projected
over the 20 years period (2014 to 2035) and design ESALs accomplished
accordingly.
b) Soil Support Value
A CBR value of 6 is adopted, a usual characteristic of local soil.
c) Pavement Design Methodology
The pavement design will be done by making use of AASHTO Method, a usual
practice in the country.
2.12 Project Implementation Schedule
The project is scheduled to be completed within four (4) months and is

expected to be completed in June-2015.
2.13 Project Cost
The cost of the project has been estimated as Rs. 1,520.363 million, break-up
is included in Table-2.2.

Table-2.2, Project Cost Estimates
Remodelling of Race Remodelling of Jail Remodelling of Main

Shadman Chowk Fawara Chowk Underpass Total Amount
Description of Items Course Road (Road Road (Road Work) Boulevard (Road
Underpass (A) (E) (F=A+B+C+D+E)
Work) (B) (C) Work) (D)
Reducing U- Turn with GOR Reducing Asphalt Along Jail Road
Construction Cost
Bill No. 1:- Earthwork and Allied Activities 3,903,726 2,768,361 8,711,748 5,736,482 6,072,580 27,192,897
Bill No.2:- Subbase and Base 6,455,734 25,270,343 72,725,940 150,682,846 17,459,399 272,594,263
Bill No.3:- Surface Course & Pavement 4,008,320 17,390,238 113,741,303 109,002,830 6,269,531 250,412,223
Bill No. 4:- Structures (Extension of Bridge at Zafar
- - 33,582,358 - - 33,582,358
Ali Chowk) (10 M X 20 M 2 Nos.)
Bill No. 4.1:- Structures (Underpass) (58M X 12.5 M) 139,566,848 - - - 206,872,524 346,439,372
Bill No. 4.2:- Structure :- RCC Retaining Walls & N.J
10,512,200 - 13,490,534 - 10,089,854 34,092,587
Barrier
Bill No.4.3:- Structure ( Sump Pump Staion) 32,158,438 - - - 43,885,341 76,043,779
Bill No. 4.4:- Structures (Rigid Pavement) 9,913,136 - - - 5,547,103 15,460,239
Bill No.5:- Drainage and Erosion Works 3,482,325 479,011 51,304,555 23,264,356 3,397,434 81,927,682
Bill No. 6:- Ancillary Works 6,280,486 7,110,465 24,601,307 27,081,263 12,016,350 77,089,871
Sub Total (Bill no.01 to Bill no.06 ) 216,281,214 53,018,418 318,157,746 315,767,778 311,610,116 1,214,835,272
Lahore College - - 7,541,835 - - 7,541,835
Kinnaird College - - 3,335,572 - - 3,335,572
Sub Total 216,281,214 53,018,418 329,035,153 315,767,778 311,610,116 1,225,712,678
Add 4.16% of Mega Project (on bill no 1 to bill no.06) 8,997,298 2,205,566 13,687,862 13,135,940 12,962,981 50,989,647
Electrical Works (Detail Attached) 3,726,004 - 3,909,464 1,826,260 1,369,401.00 10,831,129

Total Construction (A) 229,004,516 55,223,984 346,632,479 330,729,977 325,942,498 1,287,533,455
Cost of Land Acquistion/ Structure Compensation
Land Acquistion ( 28 Marlas ) - - - - - 50,000,000
Structure Compensation ( 15500 Sft ) - - - - - 30,000,000
Total (B) - - - - - 80,000,000
Construction of Pedestrian Bridges at Jail Road &
- - 30,000,000 30,000,000 - 60,000,000
Main Boulevard (04 Nos.). LUMSUP
Total (D=A+B+C) 229,004,516 55,223,984 376,632,479 360,729,977 325,942,498 1,427,533,455
Add 1% Contingencies (on Total
2,290,045 552,240 3,466,325 3,307,300 3,259,425 12,875,335
A)
Add 1% Consultancy Charges (on Total
2,290,045 552,240 3,466,325 3,307,300 3,259,425 12,875,335
A)
Add 0.5% Horticulture Works (on
1,145,023 276,120 1,733,162 1,653,650 1,629,712 6,437,667
Total A)
Add 0.25% for Media Campaign (on
572,511 138,060 866,581 826,825 814,856 3,218,834
Total A)
Shifting of services i.e electrical & PTCL poles, Sui
20,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 10,422,000 12,000,000 57,422,000
Gas, WASA etc.
Total (E) 26,297,624 11,518,660 14,532,393 19,517,074 20,963,419 92,829,170
Total Work Cost (E= D+E) 255,302,140 66,742,644 391,164,872 380,247,052 346,905,917 1,520,362,625
Total Cost in Million 255.302 66.743 391.165 380.247 346.906 1520.363
Total Project Cost in Million 1520.363
2.14 Horticulture and Landscape
The horticulture and land scape is part of the project and a provision of
about Rs.6.438 million has already been made in the project cost estimates.
The component works shall include:
Plantation of plants particularly the shady ones

Grassing and plantation of green belts
Seasonal flowers in green belts
Underpasses at appropriate locations will be provided with
plants/flowers both in earth as well as in flower pots.
During project implementation, the number of trees and plants to be cut are
200 and 100 numbers respectively. Upon completion of the project, the
horticulture and landscaping will provide for almost double the said
tress/plants.

SECTION-3
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
& GUIDELINES
3.1 General
This part of the report deals with the relevant policy, legal and administrative
framework instituted by the Government of Pakistan for the protection of
environment. All the relevant provisions of these policy and legal frameworks
have been duly considered in this IEE study. Moreover, World Banks Safeguards
Environmental Policies, Annexure-3.1, are also considered in the Report. In
addition to this, the roles and responsibilities of the proponent as well as the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Punjab have been mentioned in this
section.
3.2 EIA Requirements
3.2.1 General
The environment in both the urban and rural areas of the country has been adversely
affected during the three decades (1950-80) due to industrialization, high population
growth rates, improper civic amenities, low literacy and the low per capita income
of the general masses. Factors such as migratory trends from the rural to urban
centers and virtually non-existent laws regulating the quality of the environment,
contributed to the worsening of the situation. The result is that at present the poor
air quality situation in the urban centers is compounded by acute pressure on
resources of drinking water, wastewater disposal, sanitation system and roads. The
situation in the rural areas is even worse as far as public health facilities (i.e. drinking
water, liquid and solid waste disposal) are concerned. The indiscriminate use of farm
pesticides and chemicals for agricultural purposes have also contributed to the
general degradation of the environment.
A number of laws have been enacted by the Government of Pakistan from time to
time to regulate the public practice regarding land use, water use, land reclamation
and drainage, forestry, wildlife, archaeological and historical properties, public
health, energy, etc. However, the milestone of Pakistan environmental law and
regulation is Ordinance No. XXXVII, "Control of Pollution and Preservation of
Living Environment", enacted on December 1983. This was made effective from
February 1984 with the establishment of the Pakistan Environmental Protection
Council (PEPC), headed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan or his/her nominee and
the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA), headed by an appointed
Director General. PEPC is a policy making body, while PEPA has the responsibility
for establishing environmental quality standards, and implementing and enforcing
the Ordinance. In order to assist the PEPA, Provincial Environmental Protection
Agencies have also been established.
3.2.2 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA-97)
The Act was enacted on December 06, 1997 by repealing the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Ordinance (1983), Annexure-3.2. It provides the
Section-3, Environmental Standards and Guidelines 29

framework for implementation of the PNCS-1992, establishment of provincial
sustainable development funds, protection and conservation of species,
conservation of renewable resources, and establishment of Environmental
Tribunals, appointment of Environmental Magistrates, Initial Environmental
Examination (IEE), and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
Section 12 of the Act stresses the need to carry out environmental assessment
study prior to construction or operation of a project.
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (the act) is the basic legislative
tool empowering the government to frame regulations for the protection of the
environment. The Act is applicable to a broad range of issues and extends to air,
water, soil, marine and noise pollution, as well as the handling of hazardous
waste. The discharge or emission of any effluent, waste, air pollutant or noise in
an amount, concentration or level in excess of the National Environmental Quality
Standards (NEQS) specified by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
(Pak EPA) has been prohibited under the Act, and penalties have been
prescribed for those contravening the provisions of the Act. The powers of the
federal and provincial Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs), established
under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance 1983, have also been
considerably enhanced under this legislation and they have been given the power
to conduct inquiries into possible breaches of environmental law either of their
own accord, or upon the registration of a complaint.
The requirement for environmental assessment is laid out in Section 12 (1) of the
Act. Under this section, no project involving construction activities or any change
in the physical environment can be undertaken unless an initial environmental
examination (IEE) or an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is conducted, and
approval is received from the federal or relevant provincial EPA. Section 12 (6) of
the Act states that this provision is applicable only to such categories of projects
as may be prescribed. The categories are defined in the Pakistan Environmental
Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 and are discussed
hereunder.
3.2.3 Environmental Management Framework in Pakistan
The approach taken for the protection of the environment in Pakistan is laid down
in the Environmental Conservation Strategy of 1992 and its review in 2000. For
specific rules and regulations, The Environmental Protection Act was enacted
in 1997 and it provides the backbone and framework for environmental legislation
in Pakistan. This act establishes the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council,
the highest decision making body in environmental issues, the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA) and Environmental Tribunals.
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) shall, among other duties,
co-ordinate and approve comprehensive national environmental policies and
approve National Environmental Quality Standards.
The act further defines the functions of institutions, providing a broad mandate
to for enacting rules, procedures and technical standards in different areas of
environmental protection. The Act requires Pak EPA to co-ordinate

environmental policies and programs nationally and internationally, initiates
legislation, establish surveys, manage monitoring and auditing schemes, and
promote research as well as education and awareness in the field of the
environment.
The Environmental Protection Act does further require the provincial authorities
to establish Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies for carrying out
functions delegated to the provinces.
The Government of Pakistan has recently elaborated its further action in-line with
the finding of the review of the National Conservation Strategy in the form of the
National Environmental Action Plan, NEAP (as approved by PEPC in 2001).
3.2.4 Administrative Framework
a. General
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 lays down the administrative
framework for environmental management and monitoring.
The Federal and Provincial EPAs has the overall responsibility for monitoring the
environmental parameters and for ensuring that any proposed project would not
unduly harm to the existing environmental resources. They are also responsible
for checking that the pollution generation and waste management in projects are
within the allowable limits as set out in the NEQs.
In the case of this Project, the administrative provincial agency for environmental
conservation is the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Punjab.
b. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA)
Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA), which works under the Federal
Government, is the prime body responsible for implementation and monitoring of
policies concerning environmental protection in Pakistan. As a first step, it has
created an awareness among the masses about the deteriorating situation of
environment and has urged the people, through the press and media campaigns, to
participate in the fight to protect environment.
In addition to this, guidelines/regulations have been formulated to control the

pollution created by domestic sewage, industrial effluents discharged into water
bodies, emissions into atmosphere, etc. As a policy, it has been decided that in future
any industrial unit which does not include a sound environmental protection and
management plan would not be sanctioned. Moreover, environmental assessment
and protection studies must form an essential part of the feasibility studies of every
project. The functions of PEPA include:
Preparation of National Environmental Quality Standards

Establishment of systems for surveys, surveillance and monitoring
Measurement, examination and inspection to contain environmental
pollution

Identification of the legislative requirements in the environmental field
3.2.5 National Environment Policy, 2005
The National Environmental Policy (2005) provides an overarching framework for

addressing the environmental issues (particularly pollution of fresh water bodies
and coastal waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management, deforestation,
loss of biodiversity, desertification etc.) confronting Pakistan. It recognizes the
goals and objectives of the Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (PNCS, 1992),
National Environmental Action Plans, and other existing environment related
national policies, strategies, and action plans. It also provides broad guidelines to
the federal government, provincial governments, federally administered
territories and local governments to address their environmental concerns and to
ensure effective management of their environmental resources.
3.2.6 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 2000
Pakistan Environmental Protection (PEPA) Act 1997 along with the Guidelines
and National Environmental Standards (NEQS) 2000 addresses environmental
policy, legislation, guiding principles, and Sectoral guideline and emission
standards. These standards are aimed at protecting the environment by
controlling emission. The NEQS, promulgated under the PEPA 1997, specify the
following standards:
Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters ) in gaseous

emissions from industrial sources, Maximum allowable concentration of water
pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and liquid industrial effluents discharged
to inland waters, sewage treatment and sea (three separate set of numbers).
Selected NEQS for liquid effluents discharged to inland waters, gaseous emission
from industrial sources and emissions from motor vehicles are provided in
respectively. These standards will be applicable to the gaseous emissions and
liquid effluents discharged to the environment from the proposed project. NEQS
are an emission standard which relate to the end of pipe emissions from water
discharges or air outlets and is designed to limit the emissions of individual
sources such as plant or factories or any other activity. These standards are aimed
at protecting the environment by controlling emissions from individual source,
but do not state what a desirable or acceptable level of environmental comfort is.
These level of comfort are usually linked with National standards, e.g. National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), Indoor Air Quality Standards (IAQS),
Professional Indoor Air Quality Standards (PIAQS), Drinking Water Quality
Standards (DWQS),Agricultural Water Quality Standards (AWQS), River Water
Quality Standards (RWQS) generally adopted to give protection to the most
vulnerable groups of a society, such as elderly or children, would be deemed to
pose no threat to the health or welfare of the most vulnerable exposed group.
National standards may be adopted nationally for drinking, agriculture and river
water, beneficial uses of rivers and streams, the ambient, indoor and professional
air and soils, and noise. Pakistan has not yet adopted any of such standards. In
the absence of such standards it is usual to adopt "international standards" by the
WHO, FAO, various developed countries EPA etc.

3.2.7 Pak EPA Review of IEE and EIA Regulation, 2000
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of EIA and EIA

Regulations, 2000 (the Regulations), prepared by the Pak-EPA under the powers
conferred upon it by the Act, provides the necessary details on preparation,
submission and review of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and the
EIA. Categorization of projects for IEE and EIA is one of the main components of
the Regulations. Projects have been classified on the basis of expected degree of
adverse environmental impacts by that type of the activity. Project types listed in
Schedule I are designated as potentially less damaging to the environment, and
those listed in Schedule II as having potentially serious adverse effects. Schedule
I projects require an IEE to be conducted, provided they are not located in
environmentally sensitive areas. For the Schedule II projects, conducting an EIA
is necessary.
Salient features of the regulations, relevant to the proposed project are listed
below:
Categories of projects requiring IEE and EIA are issued through two
schedules attached with the Regulations.
A fee, depending on the cost of the project, has been imposed for
review of IEE and EIA.
The submittal is to be accompanied by an application in prescribed
format included as Schedule IV of the Regulations.
The EPA is bound to conduct a preliminary scrutiny and reply within
10 days of submittal of report a) confirming completeness, b) asking
for additional information, or c) requiring additional studies.
The EPA is required to make every effort to complete the review
process for IEE within 45 days and of the EIA within 90 days, of issue
of confirmation of completeness.
When EPAs accord their approval subject to certain conditions:
Before commencing construction of the project, the proponent is
required to submit an undertaking accepting the conditions.
Before commencing operation of the project, the proponent is required
to obtain from EPA a written confirmation of compliance with
approval conditions and requirements of the EIA.
An EMP is required to be submitted with the request for obtaining
confirmation of compliance.
The EPAs are required to issue confirmation of compliance within 15
days of receipt of request and complete documentation.
The EIA approval will be valid for three years from the date of accord.
A monitoring report is required to be submitted to the EPA after
completion of construction, followed by annual monitoring reports
during operations.

3.2.8 Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures (Pak EPA)
The Federal EPA has prepared a set of guidelines for conducting environmental
assessments. The guidelines derive from much of the existing work done by
international donor agencies and NGOs. The package of regulations, of which the
guidelines form a part, includes the PEPA 1997 and the NEQS. The guidelines
themselves are listed below:
Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports

Guidelines for Public Consultation
Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas
Sectoral Guidelines
It is stated in the Pak EPA Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 that the EIA
or IEE must be prepared, to the extent practicable, in accordance with the Pak
EPA Environmental Guidelines.
3.2.9 Relevant Legal Policies of the Government of Pakistan
A number of laws have been promulgated to deal with the environmental and
social aspects in connection with the development projects in Pakistan.
Under the Act-1997, it has been made mandatory to carry out an EIA for all the
developmental Projects. Government of Pakistan has also framed guidelines for
EIA of projects in various sectors. According to Pakistan Environmental
Protection Act, 1997, the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were
established for Effluent Characteristics of Industries and Municipalities. The latest
update of National Environmental Quality Standards as revised in year 2001 is
attached as Annexure 3.2.
Provincial Environmental Departments are also working on the formulation and

enforcement of environmental statutes. Government of Pakistan has also been
issuing policies and measures for improving various sectors including the
Transportation sector. Though the need for environmental screening and
assessment has received some weightage during the recent past, strict
implementation of the (NEQS) is still a dream to be realized.
The applicable laws for the environmental study of the proposed improvement of
roads and under passes besides Pakistan Environmental Protection Act are briefly
described below:
The Land Acquisition Act, 1984 (including later amendments). This Act sets
out the rules for acquiring needed and other built-up properties affected by a
Project, and for compensating the affected owners of the land.
The Protection of Trees and Brushwood Act, 1949. This Act prohibits cutting
or chopping of trees and brushwood without permission of the Forest
Department.

The Local Government Ordinance, 1979. Section 93 of this Ordinance
pertains to environmental pollution. Under the Ordinance, the local councils
are authorized to restrict projects causing pollution to air, water or land. They
may also initiate schemes for improving the environment.
Pakistan Penal Code, 1860. This defines the penalties for violations
concerning with polluting air, water bodies and land.
In addition to the NEQs legislative guidelines regarding preservation and

conservation of the environmental resources at the provincial and national levels
also exist which are as follows:
Fouling of Public Reservoirs

Pakistan Penal Code 1960
Discharging of untreated sewage and industrial waste in water bodies
Fisheries Ordinance 1980
Destruction, damage and defacement of antiquities
The Antiquities Act 1975
Clearing of forests, defacing of trees and burning of fire wood
The Forest Act 1927
Hunting of wild animals and Destroying rare species
Wildlife Protection Ordinance 1972
For the occupational health of the workers
The Labour Laws (Amendments) and labours. Ordinance 1972 and
Factories Act 1934.
The Government of Pakistan has issued a standard proforma questionnaire for the
preparation of environmental impact statements. A copy is annexed in Annexure-
3.2. The statement will be compiled by the Executing Agency and will then be
reviewed by PEPA which will recommend to the Government of Pakistan whether
or not the Project should be allowed to proceed.
3.3 Standards and Guidelines
3.3.1 Air Pollution
During the constructional and operational periods vehicular traffic would be the
main generator of air pollution. Gaseous emissions have to be monitored with
respect to the amount of smoke and particulate matters as specified by the NEQs,
Appendix-B, for motor vehicle exhaust and noise.
3.3.2 Noise
During the constructional phase, construction activities would be the main source
of noise pollution. During the operational phase, heavy vehicular traffic &
industrial activities would be the primary noise generator in EIA. The maximum
permissible noise level at 7.5 m from the source is 85 dB (A) according to the
current NEQs.

3.3.3 Occupational Health
Constructional and operational activities could affect the occupational health of

the workers. Quantitative National Standards with respect to the occupational
health are yet to be developed in Pakistan. However, guidance in qualitative terms
may be obtained from the Pakistan Factories Rules, 1962 (based on the Factories
Act, 1934) and the Labour Laws (Amendments) Ordinance, 1972.
3.3.4 Ecology
The ecology along the EIA is quite unique as it changes from urban locality
(Lahore) to agricultural land as we come towards the project site.
Relevant legislation for the conservation of the ecology is provided by the Wildlife
Protection Ordinance 1972, Forest Department, the Forest Act 1927 and the
Ministry of Food and Agriculture, 1927. Public reservoirs are protected against
fouling under the Pakistan Penal Code 1960.
3.3.5 Toxic or Hazardous Waste
Protection of the environment with regard to toxic and hazardous waste is covered
by the Pakistan Penal Code 1960. The transportation of all toxic and hazardous
materials is monitored by the PEPA.
3.3.6 Reservation of Cultural Heritage
The EIA corridor could contain structures and artifacts of historical and cultural
interest that must be preserved. The Antiquities Act 1975, administered by the
provincial government, exists for the preservation of cultural heritage.
Destruction and/or defacement of antiquities are an offence under the Act.
3.4 Institutional Setup
3.4.1 General
The apex environmental body in the country is Pakistan Environmental Protection

Council (PEPC), which is presided by the Ministry of the country. Other bodies
include the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA), provincial
EPAs (for four provinces, AJK and Northern Areas), and environmental tribunals.
The EPAs were first established under the 1983 Environmental Protection
Ordinance; the PEPA 1997 further strengthened their powers. The EPAs have been
empowered to receive and review the environmental assessment report (IEEs and
EIAs) of the proposed projects, and provide their approval (or otherwise).
3.4.2 Institutional and Administrative Framework
The proposed project falls under the following Institutional and Administrative
Framework.

a) Lahore Development Authority (LDA)
The Implementing Agency of the proposed project is LDA. The Chief

Engineer with assistance of Supervision Consultants will ensure that all
the measures proposed in the Environmental Management Plan are
effectively implemented during the course of the proposed project.
b) Environmental Protection Agency, Punjab
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) is meant for the

enforcement of environmental laws in Pakistan. They have delegated
powers to provincial environmental protection departments/agencies for
review, approval and monitoring of environmental assessment projects.
As regards the proposed Project, the EPA Punjab will be responsible for
reviewing the report, issuing Environmental Approval and overall/broad
based monitoring of the proposed Project activities to ensure compliance
with the Environmental Management Plan. Under the Punjab Local
Government Ordinance, 2001, District Officers (Environment) are
responsible to deal with environmental issues at the district level. National
Reconstruction Bureau has formulated the following rules of business for
district environment offices:
To regulate motor vehicles subject to the provisions of the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and the rules and regulations
made thereunder;
To ensure, guide and assist the proponents of new projects in
submission of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)/
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to the D.G, EPA for
approval;
To ensure implementation of environmental protection and
preservation measures in all development projects at the district
level and to sensitize government agencies on environmental
issues;
To identify the needs for legislation in various sectors of the
environmental
matters;
To provide information and guidance to the public on
environment;
To encourage the formation and working of non-governmental
organizations, to
prevent and combat pollution and promote sustainable
development; and
To undertake regular monitoring of projects and to submit
progress reports to the DG, EPA for publication in the annual
Report.

SECTION 4
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
4.1 General
The existing environment around the proposed project has been studied with
respect to physical, ecological and socio-economic resources.
4.2 Study Parameters
The information data for use in the report has been secured from:
secondary sources available with various organizations has been

collected;
visits to the site of works of the proposed project; and
previous similar studies for other projects in the city.
The study parameters are described hereunder.
4.2.1 Physical Resources
Physical environment consists of existing land form and land use of the project
site, geology and geomorphology, soils, groundwater, surface water, meteorology
and climate. The pre-project condition (i.e. baseline) of each these components of
the physical environment are described here below. This description has been
developed with the help of site data collection, and secondary sources.
The baseline environmental conditions on the basis of the said data sets have
subsequently been used to identify the potential impacts on the physical, biological
and socio-economic environment that are likely to arise from the project activities.
The physical resources included in the study comprise:
a. Geography
b. Geology and soils
c. Climatology
d. Surface and ground water
e. Faulting and seismology
f. Flooding
g. Water logging and salinity
h. Air quality
i. Noise
4.2.2 Ecological Resources
a. Marine and aquatic ecology

b. Flora
c. Fauna
d. Endangered species
Section-4, Base Line Data 38

4.2.3 Human and Economic Development
a. Communities population and features

b. Economy and Industrial Activity
c. Institutions
d. Transportation
e. Land-use planning and land rights
f. Electrical power
g. Agricultural development
4.2.4 Quality of Life
a. Socio-economic conditions
b. Aesthetic resources
c. Cultural resources
4.3 Physical Resources
4.3.1 Geography
The project site has been inspected and necessary reconnaissance conducted for
the purposes of EIA study. The site is located in the traffic-busiest spot of the
Metropolis, it had been noted.
The topography of the site is almost flat and slopes upward gently from north to
south i.e. moving upwards when reaching the canal and vice versa.
The roadways as well as the structures are present in the location and vicinity of
the site. The project site passes through the towns of the metropolis, exhibited
hereunder in Exhibit-4.1.

Exhibit-4.1, Project Location
The project site lies in Samanabad, and Gulberg Towns of the Lahore City District.
4.3.2 Geology and Soils
The agro-ecological zones of the country are presented in Exghibit-4.2. The project
site falls under Zone-IV (b); the zone generally comprises sandy loam, and clayey
loam.
Exhibit-4.2, Agro-ecological Zones of Pakistan
Lahore plains are most probably underlain by the Potwar stratigraphy, but it
would be deeply eroded. Lahore is located just north of the NW-SE running
Sargodha high, where the sedimentary rocks may also be truncating against the
high. Moreover, very thick alluvial and older fluvial deposits (Recent to Miocene)
before older eroded rocks are also encountered.
The geotechnical properties and mineralogical composition of the soil, das

established during various studies / boring of tube wells for water supply by
WASA/LDA confirm that the Lahore soil is composed of silty clay. The major
mineral composition for Lahore soil is Quartz, Muscovite and Clinochlore, which
shows that the alluvial deposit received sediments from metamorphic origin.
In general, subsurface stratigraphy at the site consists of three basic lithological

units as given below:
Lean Clay/Silty Clay

Sandy Silt/Silt
Silty fine Sand/fine Sand
These soils are the alluvial deposits of the recent geologic times. The subsurface
stratigraphy is as discussed below:
The first soil unit of brown silty clay/lean clay forms the topsoil cover at
the site at all the locations and generally continues to a depth of 1 .0 m-
3.5m below top of ground. This stratum contains trace fine sand and
trace to little concretions at places. It is present in a soft to a stiff state of
consistency and has low to medium plasticity.
The second soil unit of brownish grey sandy silt/silt underlies the upper
silty clay/ lean clay stratum. This layer has a thickness of 1.0 to 3.0m and
is present in a firm state.
The third soil unit of brownish grey non-plastic fine silty sand underlies
the silt/silty sand stratum. It is present in a loose to medium-dense state.
The lithological distribution of soils consists of slightly cohesive, generally firm to

stiff silty clay lean clay from 1.0 to 3.5m depth, followed by firm to stiff sandy
silt/silt of 1.0 to 3.0m thickness in turn followed by medium dense silty fine sand.
Groundwater is present at a depth of 4.5 to 5.0m below top of ground.
The subsurface generally appears suitable for supporting light to medium loads
through spread foundations placed at 1.0 to 2.0m depth. Besides, some isolated
weak spots are also expected, which will require special measures to be adopted.
4.3.3 Climatology
a. Temporal Division of the Country
The temporal division of the country is exhibited in Exhibit-4.3.

Exhibit-4.3, Temporal Division of the Country
It is noted from the above map that the project site falls under hot long summers
and mild short winters.
a. Temperature
i. Mean Maximum Temperature
The mean maximum annual temperatures in the country are exhibited in Exhibit-
4.4. It is noticed that the city of Lahore falls under 25-30 degree Centigrade
temperature. As such, the location is in a relatively cooler area than southern part
of the country.
Exhibit-4.4, Mean Maximum Temperature in the Country

ii. Mean Minimum Temperature
The situation for minimum annual temperature follows almost the same pattern,
Exhibit-4.5. The minimum annual temperature in the area is in the range of 15-20
degree centigrade.
Exhibit-4.5, Mean Minimum Temperature in the Country
Generally the climate of the area is dry and severe during summer season and
moderately cold in winter. Average record of 30 years (1961-90) climatic data is
summarized in Tables-4.1 and exhibited in Exhibit-4.6.
Table-4.1, Mean Temperatures C (Period 1961-90)
Month Maximum Daily Minimum Daily
January 19.8 5.9

February 22.0 8.9
March 27.1 14.0
April 33.9 19.6
May 38.6 23.7
June 40.0 27.4
July 36.1 26.9
August 35.0 26.4
September 35.0 24.4
October 32.9 18.2
November 27.4 11.6
December 21.6 6.8
Yearly Average 30.8 17.8

(Source: Regional Meteorological Centre, Lahore 1999)
Exhibit-4.6, Mean Daily Temperatures in Lahore

Source: Met Department
45
Temperature - Degree centigrade 40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
June is the hottest month of the year with maximum daily temperature of 40.4o C
and extra maximum temperature of 48oC. January is the coldest month with a
minimum temperature of 5.9oC.
The Lahore, Punjab has a subtropical steppe/ low-latitude semi-arid climate that
is hot all year (Kppen-Geiger classification: BSh). The Average Temperatures in
Lahore are as under:
The average annual temperature in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan is fairly hot

at 24.3 degrees Celsius (75.7 degrees Fahrenheit).
There is a range of average monthly temperatures of 21.1 C (38F) which
is a below moderate range. The average diurnal temperature variation/
range is 15.5 C (27.9 F).
The warmest month (June) is very, very hot with an average temperature
of 33.9 degrees celcius (93.02 degrees Fahrenheit).
The coolest month (January) is mild having an average temperature of 12.8
degrees celcius (55.04 degrees Fahrenheit).
b. Sunshine Hours
Annual average sunshine is for 8.4 hours/ day. January has the minimum
sunshine to the tune of 6.9 hours/ day, Exhibit-4.7 & Exhibit-4.8.

Exhibit-4.7, Sunshine level in Lahore
Daylight Cloudy Sunny-Average Cloudy-Average
90
80
70
Percentage of Sunny
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Exhibit-4.8, Sunshine level in Lahore

Average Sunlight Annual Average
12
10
Percentage of Sunny
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Mean hours of sunlight in Lahore, Punjab range from 6:50 for every day
in January to 9:54 per day in May. The average of 8:28 of sunlight per day.
Moreover, it is sunny about 71% of daylight hours. The remaining 29% of daylight
hours are likely cloudy or with shade, haze or low sun intensity.
c. Sun Path
Sun path refers to the apparent significant seasonal-and-hourly positional

changes of the sun (and length of daylight) as the Earth rotates, and orbits around
the sun. The relative position of the sun is a major factor in the heat gain of

buildings and in the performance of solar energy systems.[1] Accurate location-
specific knowledge of sun path and climatic conditions is essential for economic
decisions about solar collector area, orientation, landscaping, summer shading,
and the cost-effective use
The path of sun for the city of Lahore / Project area is exhibited hereunder:
d. Wind Characteristics
Table-4.2 reveals that 60% days of the year are calm and 33% days have mean
speed of 1-3 knots. Only 6% days exhibit speed of 4-6 knots and higher. Wind
directions are from north-west and south-east during summer and winter
respectively. Summer winds bring monsoon rains.
Table-4.2, Mean Wind Speed and Direction
Wind Frequency (%) Speed in Knot Ranges Predominant

Month Direction
3- 6- 10- 16- 17- From
Calm
Jan Apr Jul Nov 21
January 72 25 3 0.4 - - NW
February 60 33 7 1 - - NW
March 55 35 7 2 1 0.1 NW
April 48 40 9 3 1 0.1 NW
May 51 39 7 3 1 - NW
June 40 45 12 4 0.4 - SE
July 43 46 9 2 0.4 - SE
August 52 42 5 1 0.4 - SE
September 65 30 5 0.3 0.1 0.1 SE
October 75 22 1 1 - 1 NW
November 79 19 1 1 0.1 - NW
December 83 16 1 - - - NW
Yearly Average 60 33 6 1 0.3 0.1 NW

(Source: Regional Meteorological Centre Lahore, 1999).
Note: NW = North West, SE = South East, 1 Knot = 1.854 km/hour
Wind storms of moderate intensity occur during summer (April - July). Their
occurrence is maximum in June when low pressures are caused due to high
temperature.
e. Rainfall/ Precipitation
The Exhibit-4.9 exhibits rainy days in the country. It is evident that wet days
during monsoon are increasing when moved towards north. In case of Lahore, the
rainy days are relatively more than in southern region; as such surface water
infiltration into the soil is higher than in the southern part of the country.
Exhibit-4.9, Rainfall Pattern in the Country
Lahore mainly receives its rainfall during the monsoon season from June till
September, and in winter season from December till February. The highest-ever
annual rainfall in Lahore was recorded in 1955 when 1,317.5 millimeters (51.87 in)
of rainfall was recorded. Lahore received below normal rains in 2009, and normal
rains in 2007 and 2010.
The following is the Annual rainfall in Lahore since 2007 based on data from
the Pakistan Meteorological Department:
In 2007, a total of 716 millimeters (28.2 in) rain was recorded

2009, a total of 468.4 millimeters (18.44 in) rain was recorded.
In 2011, a total of 1,576.8 millimeters (62.08 in) rain was recorded as of
September 21, 2011
f. Extreme Weather Effects
On February 26, 2011 Lahore received an isolated but strong hailstorm measuring
4.5 mm that carpeted several roads of the city. The hailstorm was the heaviest in
Lahore for the last 35 years. Usually hailstorms occur in the plain areas of the
Punjab province during the winter season.
The hailstorm lasted for 30 minutes intermittently with heavy rain

showers.[41] According to Meteorological Department the city received 12
millimeters (0.47 in) of rain and 4.5 millimeters (0.18 in) at the airport.
g. Evapotranspiration
The climatology with emphasis on evapotranspiration is included in Exhibit-4.10.
Exhibit-4.10, Level of Evapotranspiration in the Country

Obviously, the evapotranspiration is rapid in warmer periods of April-August
and at times it is more than 70%.
h. Dust Storm
The situation of dust storm in the country is exhibited in Exhibit-4.11.
Exhibit-4.11, Dust Situation in the Country
It is noted from the above map that the project site moderate dust storms both in
terms of intensity and frequency.
Average annual rainfall is 629 mm as against monthly average of 52.4 mm. Rain
occurs both in summer and winter seasons. Months of July, August and
September receive the maximum rainfall (about two third of the annual average).
Mean number of rainy days are 34.
i. Humidity
January has the maximum relative humidity values of 86% and 46% at 0500 and
1700 hours respectively. Minimum values of relative humidity of 54% and 22% at
0500 and 1700 hours respectively are found in May. Table-4.3 and Exhibit-4.12
give the statistics about humidity.

Table-4.3, Mean Relative Humidity and Precipitation (Period 1961-90)
Relative Humidity (%)

Month 8.00 5.00
5.00 a.m.
a.m. p.m.
January 86 83 46
February 80 75 41
March 76 65 37
April 63 49 27
May 54 42 22
June 60 50 29
July 80 72 54
August 86 77 60
September 82 70 49
October 80 66 40
November 85 76 47
December 87 84 52
Yearly
77 68 42
Average
Exhibit-4.12,Mean Relative Humidity in Lahore
5:00 AM 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
100
Mean relative Humidity - %
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
It is noted from the above exhibit that on the average, the humidity is about 77%
in the morning and is above 40% in the evening.
The average annual relative humidity is 37.9% and average monthly relative
humidity ranges from 20% in May to 58% in August.
4.3.4 Surface Water & Ground Water
a. Surface Water
No rivers exist in the vicinity; however, storm water drains cross the route for
disposal into the Ravi River. Water from River Ravi, flowing on the northwestern
side of the city of Lahore, is being used for other purposes other than drinking
purposes. River Ravi receives almost all the municipal/ industrial wastes from
the city of Lahore. The potential value as a recreational water body and breeding
place for fish is threatened by the municipal and industrial pollution.
b. Groundwater
Ground water quality is fresh (defined as acceptable in terms of its salinity).Raw

water abstracted from the deep tube wells is believed to be essentially bacteria free.
The status of quality of ground water both in the country and Punjab Province is
included in Exhibit-4.13.
The water quality in the upper 50 meters zone of subsoil is generally brackish.
For citys drinking purposes water is abstracted from groundwater aquifer by

means of tube wells located throughout the city. The quality of water is generally
adequate for direct consumption. About 83% of city population is consuming
groundwater for drinking purposes.
Groundwater is available at a depth ranging between 15 to 23m below the natural

surface level. Deep groundwater from a depth of about 210m in the vicinity of the
Project Area is being extracted for meeting the domestic and commercial water
demands in nearby areas.
JINAH RIVER
BARRAGE S
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Exhibit-4.13, Quality of Ground water
Adequate quantity of good quality groundwater is available below a depth of

50m.
Water consumption varies significantly and its variation as of industrial units.

Usual water consumption pattern for industrial units and data collected from the

prospective industrialist will form basis for total water demand.
According to Master Plan-2030 for the city of Lahore, the mean average decline in
ground water is about 2.03 feet per year. The water table contour map for the Year-
2000 is exhibited in Exhibit-4.14. It is noted from the exhibit that ground water is
at a greater depths in the central part of the city where abstraction is more than
the re-charge and close to surface waters i.e. Ravi River and Canal, the situation
is in the reverse order.
Exhibit-4.14, Ground water Contours in Lahore City
It is noted from the above map that ground water depth is increasing when
moving into the central parts and away from the recharge sphere of River Ravi.
The water quality is normally satisfactory in the WASAs service area. However,
in wet seasons, chlorination is done so as to eliminate possibility of any bacterial
pollution in rainy season. As per WASAs reporting included in the Master Pla-
2030, every month about 300-350 samples are collected for quality testing and
wherever signs of pollution are noticed, chlorination is accomplished.
4.3.5 Seismology
Pakistan Building Code distributes the country into 4-zones, Exhibit-4.15. The
project site falls in Moderate damage Zone, as such structural design of buildings
and others will follow the applicable criteria for the zone.
Seismic details are very important consideration for any planning activity. As it
directly lays impact on the construction of site.
Exhibit-4.15, Seismic Zones of the City
The project lies in seismic Zone-2A, seismic zoning map of Pakistan as exhibited
above. This Zone-2A prone to minor damage, distant earthquake may cause
damage to structure with fundamental periods greater than 1.0 second. It is
correspond to intensity V to VI of the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931.
4.3.6 Flooding
No surface drainage problems are foreseen as surface water can be disposed in

the existing primary and secondary drainage network including partly moving
into the sewerage.
4.3.7 Water Logging and Salinity
There are no signs of water logging in the project site.
4.3.8 Air Quality
a. General
Motor vehicle emissions are composed of the by-products that comes out of
the exhaust systems or other emissions such as gasoline evaporation. These
emissions contribute to air pollution and are a major ingredient in the creation
of smog in some large cities. A study by MIT indicates that 53,000 early deaths
occur per year in the United States alone because of vehicle emissions

Main source of air pollution in the Project area is traffic congestion that occurs off
and on in the Project Area. Traffic load has increased manifold due to rapid
growth of the City. Ambient air is being polluted due to emission of fuel gases
like Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxide (NO x ) and Sulphur Oxide (SO x ) due
to the vehicle exhaust. Untreated fuel from rickshaws also contain trace amount
of Lead (Pb) in it.
The quality of air has been determined through monitoring (24-hour basis) at the
following locations:
Qartaba Chowk
Shadman Chowk
Fawara Chowk (near Siddique Trade Centre)
Liberty Roundabout

As a result of traffic blockages, vehicular emissions are higher at the junction,
however due to the presence of plantation and green areas, air quality is generally
satisfactory in the morning but deteriorates during the day.
Air Quality Determined
The air quality has been determined by SGS at the following locations/points:
Qartaba Chowk
Shadman Chowk
Fawara Chowk
Liberty Roundabout
The quality determination has been made on 24-hour basis; determinations are
included in Annexure-4.1 and abstracted hereunder in Tabl-4.4 through Table-
4-7
Table-4.4, Abstract of Air Quality-Liberty Roundabout
It is noted from the above determinations that air quality is well within the
prescribed limits except particulate matter which is closer to the prescribed limit.

Table-4.5, Abstract of Air Quality-Fowara Chowk
prescribed limits except particulate matter which is almost reaching the threshold.
Table-4.6, Abstract of Air Quality-Shadman Chowk
prescribed limits except particulate matter which is closer to the threshold.

Table-4.7, Abstract of Air Quality-Qartaba Chowk
prescribed limits except particulate matter which exceeds the prescribed limits.
Noise Level Determined
The noise level prevalent at the crucial locations has been determined for locations
as stated under air quality, the determinations are ofresented in Table-4.8.
Table-4.8, Abstract of Prevalent Noise Level
Nr. Location Min. Noise Level Max. Noise Level Prescribed

Limit
1. Liberty 68.2(0300 hours) 74.6(1900 hours) 85
Roundabout
2. Fowara Chowk 68.3(0300 hours) 74.4(2100 hours) 85
3. Shadman 68.5(1000 hours) 74.6(0400 hours) 85
Chowk
4. Qartaba Chowk 73.4(0300 hours) 81.3(1600 hours) 85

b. Emissions determined from Motorized Vehicles
General
Motor vehicle emissions are composed of the by-products that comes out of
the exhaust systems or other emissions such as gasoline evaporation. These
emissions contribute to air pollution and are a major ingredient in the creation
of smog in some large cities. A 2013 study by MIT indicates that 53,000 early
deaths occur per year in the United States alone because of vehicle emissions.
Traffic Counts
In the project area, presently (on the average), the traffic count determines traffic
counts as exhibited in the following exhibit:

Significant Emissions
NOx
In a 2005 U.S. EPA study the largest emissions of NOx came from on road motor
vehicles, with the second largest contributor being non-road equipment which is
mostly gasoline and diesel stations.
Volatile organic compounds

A 2005 U.S. EPA report gives road vehicles as the second largest source of VOCs
in the U.S. at 26% and 19% are from non-road equipment which is mostly gasoline
and diesel stations
Ozone
Ozone is beneficial in the upper atmosphere, but at ground level, ozone irritates
the respiratory system, causing coughing, choking, and reduced lung capacity.
Carbon monoxide (CO)

Carbon monoxide poisoning is the most common type of fatal air poisoning in
many countries.[17] Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless and tasteless, but
highly toxic. It combines with hemoglobin to produce carboxyhemoglobin, which
is ineffective for delivering oxygen to bodily tissues. In the U.S. 60% of carbon
monoxide is caused by on road vehicles.
Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)

The health effects of inhaling airborne particulate matter have been widely studied
in humans and animals and include asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular issues,
and premature death. Because of the size of the particles, they can penetrate the
deepest part of the lungs. A 2011 UK study estimates 90 deaths per year due to
passenger vehicle. In a 2006 publication, the U.S. Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) state that in 2002 about 1 per-cent of all PM10 and 2 per-
cent of all PM2.5 emissions came from the exhaust of on-road motor vehicles
(mostly from diesel engines).
Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Motor vehicle CO2 emissions are part of the
anthropogenic contribution to the growth of CO2 concentrations in the
atmosphere which is believed by a majority of scientists to play a significant part
in climate change. The vehicles are calculated to generate about 20% of the
European Union's man-made CO2 emissions, with passenger cars contributing
about 12%.
Release of Emissions
The release of emissions from motorized vehicles for the purpose of determination
of quantity/level of emissions is assumed and included in Table-4.9.

Table-4.9, Release of Emissions from Motorized Vehicles
Carbon Nitrogen
Vehicle Speed Hydrocarbons
Monoxide Oxides
Type Km/hr (g/km) (g/km) (g/km)
Cars 40 22.90 1.88 2.83
Pick-ups 35 22.90 1.88 2.83
Coasters 35 13.20 2.50 0.99
Hiace Wagon 35 13.20 2.50 13.4
Buses 30 13.20 2.50 13.4
Tractor Trolleys 25 13.20 2.50 13.4
Trucks 25 13.20 2.50 13.4
Trailer 25 13.20 2.50 13.4
Rikshaw 30 17.00 9.90 0.075
Motorcycle 30 17.00 9.90 0.075
a. Present and Anticipated Emissions from Motorized Vehicles
The level of present emissions and anticipated ones (average situation at Shadman
Chowk) when the situation is without the proposed project is presented in Table-
4.10 and exhibited in Exhibit-4.17, the details are included in Annexure-4.2.
Table-4.10, Present & Anticipated Emissions from

Motorized Vehicles
Emissions (Kg)
Nr. Year
Carbon Nitrogen
Hydrocarbons
Monoxide Oxides
1 2015 441 249 71
2 2020 944 333 89
3 2025 1244 435 112
4 2035 2214 758 179

Present and Projected Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
Present and Projected Carbon Monoxide Emissions
200 2500
180
160 2000
140
Emissions (Kg/day)
Emissions (Kg/day)
120 1500
100
80 1000
60
500
40
20
0
0 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034
2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 Years
Years
Present and Projected Hydrocarbons Emissions

200
180
160
140
Emissions (Kg/day)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034
Years
Exhibit-4.17, Present and Future Emissions from Vehicles

It is concluded from the above exhibits-determinations that:
Level of emission is increasing over the period, implies with without project, the
vehicles speed is reducing and these are producing more emissions; and
Cars and Pick-ups are more producers of carbon monoxide whereas Rickshaws
and Motor cycles produce more hydrocarbon and heavier traffic produces more
nitrogen oxides.
4.3.9 Noise
The project area falls under a calm environment and presently, the noise level is
within the permissible limits of 85 db.
4.4 Ecological Resources
4.4.1 Marine and Aquatic Ecology
This is not applicable to the Project area.
4.4.2 Flora
The diversity and distribution of plant species within the Lahore District depends
upon the availability of water and the underlying geology. There are significant
numbers of trees in Green Belts en-route.
The flora existing within the right of way of the proposed project extensions are
exhibited hereunder:
Trees 200 numbers

Plants 100 numbers
4.4.3 Fauna
Common birds found in the area are crows and sparrows. Domestic animals are
seen grazing in the agricultural land as well as on the project site. Chirping birds
are having their nests at the well grown trees that are providing a natural habitat
for the birds. Some squirrels, parrot, rats, weaver, sparrows are also found in the
area.
Different species of reptile and amphibians such as lizards and frogs are also
found. Various bird species known to occur in the area include myna, bulbul, crow
and sparrow.
4.4.4 Endangered Species
The endangered plant in Pakistan is the Elm i.e., Ulmus wallichiana which is not
found here. No endangered species exist in the project area.

4.5 Human & Economic Development
4.5.1 Communities Population and Features
a. Demographics
The demography of the city is as under in Table-4.11.
Table-4.11, Demography of Lahore City
Population Growth Rate Household
1998 1981 1981 to 1998 Size Number
4,577,744 2,707,215 3.14 7.10 644,753
b. Share of Lahore City Population in the Province
The Lahore District with population-98 as 6,318,745 is the top district which has
population above the average of about 2,192,314 persons, Exhibit-4.18.
Exhibit-4.18, District-Wise Population in Punjab
Source: Census-1998
7,000,000
6,318,745
6,000,000
Population - persons
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
The share of population in the districts is about 8.73%, Exhibit-4.19.

Exhibit-4.19, Share of District Population in Punjab
Source: Census-1998
10
8.73
Share of Populaiton - %age 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Jhelum
Lahore
Layyah
Vehari
Sargodha
Sialkot
Multan
Muzaffargarh
Bahawalpur
Dera Ghazi Khan
Khushab
Pakpattan
Rahim Yar Khan
Rajanpur
Sheikhupura
Toba Tek Singh

Bahawalnagar
Mandi Bahauddin
Mianwali
Jhang
Lodhran
Okara
Rawalpindi
Faisalabad
Hafizabad
Kasur
Khanewal
Bhakkar
Gujranwala
Gujrat
Narowal
Sahiwal
Chakwal
c. Projected Population, City of Lahore
As per Census-1998, the population of Lahore was 4,577,744 persons and annual
growth rate experienced during the period 1981-1998 was 3.14%. The projected
population has been established as about 11,290,180 persons towards end of the
year-2030, Exhibit-4.20.
Exhibit-4.20, Population Growth Pattern for the City of Lahore
Source: Census-1998 and Projected
20.0000
17.46
18.0000
16.0000 14.92
Population-million
14.0000 12.74
12.0000 10.89
10.0000 9.01
8.0000
6.0000
4.0000
2.0000
-
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Year
The metropolis city of Lahore is expanding at a rate of about 3.2% per annum and
its present population of about 9 million is anticipated to be above 17 million by
the end of Year-2035, the design period for the proposed roads. With increasing
population coupled with socioeconomic level, the more and more vehicles will be

on the road and result in congestions if additional capacity convenient links are
not provided.
4.5.2 Economy and Industrial Activities
As of 2008, the city's gross domestic product (GDP) by purchasing power

parity (PPP) was estimated at $40 billion with a projected average growth rate of
5.6 percent. This is at par with Pakistan's economic hub, Karachi, with Lahore
(having half the population) fostering an economy that is 51% of the size of
Karachi's ($78 billion in 2008).
The contribution of Lahore to the national economy is supposed to be around

13.2%. As a whole Punjab has $115 billion economy making it first and to date
only Pakistani Subdivision of economy more than $100 billion at the rank 144.
Lahore's GDP is projected to be 102 billion$ by the year 2025, with a slightly higher
growth rate of 5.6% per annum, as compared to Karachi's 5.5%. Central to Lahore's
economy is the Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE), Pakistan's second largest stock
exchange.
Lahore has offices of several Pakistani government corporations including

the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) and Water and Sewage
Authority (WASA). Food and restaurant businesses remain open all night. Lahore
is the second largest financial hub of Pakistan and has industrial areas
including Kot Lakhpat and the new Sundar Industrial Estate (near Raiwand).
Lahore's economic base is broad and varied.
The city is the engineering hub of Pakistan.[citation needed] Major industries

include the manufacture of automobiles and motorcycles, Heavy machinery,
railway coaches, home appliances, steel, telecommunications, information
technology, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, computers, engineering, and construction
material. A major industrial agglomeration with about 9,000 industrial units,
Lahore has shifted in recent decades from manufacturing to service
industries.[61] Some 42% of its work force is employed in finance, banking, real
estate, community, cultural, and social services. The city is Pakistan's largest
software producing Centre, and hosts a growing computer-assembly
industry. Arfa Software Technology Park in Lahore is the biggest and most
advanced IT park in the country.
4.5.3 Institutions
Under the Devolution Plan-2001, City District Government is responsible for the
management of infrastructure, but development works pertaining to traffic,
transportation, are looked after by Lahore Development Authority (LDA). The
LDA is equipped with resources which are fulfilling its obligations for execution
and maintenance of roads including the proposed project.
4.5.4 Transportation
The city of Lahore is one of the most accessible cities of the Punjab Province.
In addition to the historic Grand Trunk Road (G.T. Road), a motorway (M-
2) was completed in 1997 from Lahore to Islamabad. The government has
built underpasses to ease congestion and prevent traffic jams, and
according to official figures, Lahore transportation services have improved
to accommodate the growing number of visitors to the city. It is well
connected by air to other countries as well as all major cities of Pakistan.
Buses, trains, taxis and rickshaws are the other means of transport available
in Lahore.
Under the JICA Study, there is a lack of Overpasses and Underpasses in the
city. Despite these improvements, Lahore struggles for safety on its roads,
which are dangerous because the number of vehicles overwhelms the road
space. Massive congestion occurs every day as millions of Lahorites travel
through disorganized, fast-moving traffic, and accidents are widespread.
The Government of Punjab (GoPb) initiated a strong commitment to develop and

improve the public transport by implementing the first Metro Bus System (MBS)
out of three corridors of Lahore Metropolis. The implementation of part of the
MBS is helping out of the traffic and transport problems and improve upon the
existing corridor.
For upgrading Lahore Public Transport System, the GoPb has initiated MBS on
the following three corridors:
Corridor-1: Ferozepur Road (Gajju Matta to Shahdra), 27 km which has

since been accomplished and under operation.
Corridor-II: Multan Road (Thokar to MAO College), 13 km
The proposed project is part of the traffic improvement facilities so far

extended and will help reduce congestions along the route and will
provide signal-free corridor. The component works include:

Improvement of Fawara Chowk
4.5.5 Land Use & Land Rights
The proposed project is part of the master plan of the city of Lahore and land use
as such has already been defined-adopted at the site. The project is improvement-
rehabilitation and augmentation of existing facilities, as such the substance for
land use and land rights is insignificantly involved and only about 28 marlas of
land would be acquired.
4.5.6 Agricultural Development
The project site falls under urban locations, as such agricultural activities and
development is not involved.
4.6 Quality of Life
4.6.1 Socio-Economic Conditions
a. Settlements
The project site is located in two towns of the city of Lahore namely Gulberg and
Samanabad Towns.
The settlements around and in the vicinity of project comprise various housing
establishments including Shadman, GOR-1, Gulberg, Lahore College for Women
University, Kinnaird College, Services Hospital, Punjab Institute of cardiology,
and other commercial and business centres.
b. Vocations
The resident population is mainly associated with services and the profession
which provide services to the travelers for instance, gasoline stations,
maintenance workshops, restaurants, hotels and small shops. In addition, they do
work in other parts of the city as well. Whereas a fair amount of population is
associated with trade directly or indirectly.
c. Commercial Centres/Markets
There is no significant commercial activity directly on the route except small ones
close to Services Hospital.
d. Industrial areas
The proposed route of the project does not pass through any industrial set-up,
both in public and private sector.
4.7 Quality of Life
4.7.1 Socioeconomic Environment
a. General
Lying between 31153145 N and 74017439 E, Lahore is bounded on the

north and west by the Sheikhupura District, on the east by Wagah, and on the
south by Kasur District. The Ravi River flows on the northern side of Lahore.
Lahore city covers a total land area of 404 square kilometers (156 sq mi) and is still
growing.

With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a main cultural centre
of Punjab and one of the most densely
populated cities in the world. The city of
Lahore remains an economic, political,
transportation, entertainment, and educational
hub. It is referred to as the "Mughal City of
Gardens" due to the historic presence of
gardens in and around the city dating back to
the Mughal period.
b. Administrative Setup
1. Ravi Town
2. Shalimar Town
3. Wagah Town
4. Aziz Bhatti Town
5. Data Ganj Bakhsh Town
6. Gulberg Town
7. Samanabad Town
8. Iqbal Town
9. Nishtar Town
The administrative set-up comprises formation as prescribed by the Local

Government Ordinance i.e. District Coordination Officer (DCO) is the In-charge of
the district whereas Director General, Lahore development Authority is the
administrative head of LDA responsible for entire development activities within
the city.
c. Average Household Size
The population characteristics of the country as per Census-98 are exhibited in

Exhibit-4.21.

Exhibit-4.21, Population Characteristics of the Country
The population as above has been upgraded as of Year-2002 and is noted that by
that period, the population was above 145 million which is determined as above
180 million by now.
The average house hold size as per Census-98 was as under:
Country (average) 6.8

Punjab Province (average) 6.9
The house hold size of Lahore should be slightly lower than the average figure for
the Punjab, likely to be 6 persons per household.
d. Income Level
The GDP for the country and its growth is exhibited in Exhibit-4.22.
Exhibit-4.22, Pakistan GDP per Capita

It is noted that by now, the GDP per capita would be about US $ 1,000 per capita.
In the project location, the GDP on the average would be slightly higher than the
national average.
e. Human Resource Development Index
i. UNDP Report
As per UNDP report, the Human Development Report 2010, Pakistans HDI value
increased from 0.311 to 0.490 during 1980 to 2010, an increase of 58% or average
annual increase of about 1.5% which ranked it 10 in terms of HDI improvement
in comparison to the average progress of other countries. Pakistans life
expectancy at birth increased by more than 9 years, mean years of schooling
increased by about 3 years and expected years of schooling increased by almost 4
years. Pakistans GNI per capita increased by 92 per cent during the same period.
ii. UNDPs Human Development index-2010
Pakistan ranks 144th in UNDPs Human Development Index (HDI), out of total
178 countries. According to UNDPs HDI report, Pakistan faces enormous
challenges, including poverty, poor healthcare facilities, illiteracy and a
continuously soaring population. The medium human development index for
Pakistan is included in Exhibit-4.23.
Exhibit-4.23, Medium Human Development Index-Pakistan
0.8 0.789
0.78
0.76
0.74
0.72
HDI
0.7 0.688
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.6
Haripur
Lahore
Jhelum
Sheikhupura
Kasur
Chakwal
Mianwali
Nawabshah
Mirpurkhas
Gujranwala
Sialkot
Punjabaverage
Khushab
Karachi
Ghotki
Hyderabad
Ziarat
Sukkur
Layyah
Swabi
Faisalabad
Swat
Mandi Bahauddin
Hafizabad
Mardan
Abbottabad
Sahiwal
Toba Tek Singh
Pakpattan
Kohat
Dadu
Bhakkar
Khanewal
Okara
Evidently, the HDI for Lahore is 0.688 whereas this index for Karachi is 0.789.

f. Education and Literacy
The literacy rate in the country ranges from 97% in Islamabad to 20% in the Kohlu
District. Between 20002004, Pakistanis in the age group 5564 had a literacy rate
of almost 30%, those aged between 4554 had a literacy rate of nearly 20%, those
between 2534 had a literacy rate of 20%, and those aged 1524 had a literacy rate
of 10%. These data indicate that, with every passing generation, the literacy rate in
Pakistan has risen by around 10%. Literacy rates vary regionally, particularly by
sex. Despite these statistics, Pakistan still has one of the highest illiteracy rates in
the world. The literacy rate shown in Exhibit-4.24 indicates a very disappointing
status towards increase in rate over the period:
Literacy Rate in Punjab-District-Wise
Census-1981 Census-1998
Rawalpindi, 70.4
Jhelum, 68.9
Lahore, 64.7
M. Baha-ud-
All Punjab
Layyah
Jhelum
Lahore
Vehari
Bahawalpur
Muzaffargarh
R.Y.Khan
Sialkot
Sargodha
Rajanpur
Multan
Bahawalnagar
Sheikhupura
Pakpattan
Khushab
Jhang
Mianwali
D.G.Khan
Faisalabad
T.T.Singh
Hafizabad
Kasur
Okara
Khanewal
Lodhran
Rawalpindi
Gujranwala
Gujrat
Attock
Bhakkar
Narowal
Sahiwal
Chakwal
Exhibit-4.24, Literacy Level in the Country-Districts
On all Punjab basis, the literacy of about 47% in the Year-1998 has increased to
about 58% by Year-2012.
4.7.2 Aesthetic Resources
The Race Course Park (Jillani Park) is located along the route of the project, but is
not affected due to the project.

4.7.3 Cultural & Religious Resources
There is not any documented or known site of archeological, or historical in the

project site. However, quite a number mosques either fall entirely within the
project site or part of these is within the right of way of the project.
4.7.4 Transportation and Communication in the Project Area
The management will follow a proper Traffic Management System on the entrance of
this project, wide roads, lightening, parking areas, etc.
4.7.5 Industrial Activities
Lahore is one of the major industrial cities of Pakistan. There has been a steady
expansion of industries in and around the city since Independence. Many large
industrial units are situated in the vicinity. In the vicinity of Project Area, there are
many industrial units. (Source: Field Survey).
4.7.6 Approaches to the Project Area
The proposed project area is already developed and with suggested improvements, the
functioning of the traffic facilities will be improved.
4.7.7 Historical, and Recreational Places Near close or along the project site
There is no historical place near the close or along the project site. There is one public
place Lahore Safari Park for entertainment at a distance of about 10-15 kms. People
have to go to the restaurants located away from the project area.
4.7.8 Project affected Persons
As referred earlier, there is no Project Affected Persons found in the project area.
In order to take care of pedestrian traffic, overhead bridges have been proposed.
4.7.9 Cultural, and other Structures
No cultural structures are located inside the proposed project site. No graveyard
is located near the proposed Project.
4.7.10 Historical and Archeological Sites
No site of historical and archeological importance site was observed within or

near the Project as well as study area.

Annexure-4.1
Air Quality Baseline Determinations

Annexure-4.2
Emissions from Motorized Vehicles (without Project)
Total Emissions from Motor Vehicles for the Year 2015

Jail Road(Traffic Data , average situation)
Without Project Conditions
Carbon Monoxide Hydrocarbons Nitrogen Oxides
Speed Distance
Nr. Type of Vehicles No. of Vehicles Correction Unit Emmisions (kg) Correction Unit Emmisions (kg) Correction Unit Emmisions (kg)
Km/hr 1 km/vehicle Factor (g/km) Running Total Factor (g/km) Running Total Factor (g/km) Running Total
1 Cars/Pickups 16736 40 16736 0.77231 22.90 295.99 295.99 0.8331 1.88 26.21 26.21 1.0440 2.83 49.45 49.45
2 Coasters 1183 35 1183 0.89352 13.20 13.95 13.95 1.0000 2.50 2.96 2.96 1.0000 0.99 1.17 1.17
3 Hiace Wagon 1064 35 1064 0.79455 13.20 11.16 11.16 0.8707 2.50 2.32 2.32 1.0896 13.4 15.54 15.54
4 Buses 125 30 125 0.95361 13.20 1.57 1.57 0.9708 2.50 0.3034 0.3034 1.0202 13.4 1.71 1.71
5 Tractor Trolleys 12 25 12 1.01130 13.20 0.16 0.16 1.0352 2.50 0.0311 0.0311 1.0250 13.4 0.16 0.16
6 Trucks 51 25 51 1.01130 13.20 0.68 0.68 1.0352 2.50 0.1320 0.1320 1.0250 13.4 0.70 0.70
8 Trailer 12 25 12 1.01130 13.20 0.16 0.16 1.0352 2.50 0.0311 0.0311 1.0250 13.4 0.16 0.16
9 Rikshaw 3110 30 3110 0.95361 17.00 50.42 50.42 0.9708 9.90 29.8902 29.8902 1.0202 0.075 0.24 0.24
10 Motorcycle 19516 30 19516 0.95361 17.00 316.38 316.38 0.9708 9.90 187.5682 187.5682 1.0202 0.075 1.49 1.49
Total 41809 41809 690.47 690.47 249.44 249 70.62 71

Jail Road (Traffic Data , average situation)
Speed Distance
1 Cars/Pickups 21360 37 21359.84823 0.8417 22.90 411.71 411.71 0.8845 1.88 35.52 35.52 1.0289 2.83 62.20 62.20
2 Coasters 1510 32 1509.841088 0.9808 13.20 19.55 19.55 1.0000 2.50 3.77 3.77 1.0000 0.99 1.49 1.49
3 Hiace Wagon 1358 32 1357.963583 0.8840 13.20 15.85 15.85 0.9270 2.50 3.15 3.15 1.0506 13.4 19.12 19.12
4 Buses 160 27 159.5351953 1.0050 13.20 2.12 2.12 1.0155 2.50 0.4050 0.4050 1.0110 13.4 2.16 2.16
5 Tractor Trolleys 15 22 15.31537875 1.0230 13.20 0.21 0.21 1.0717 2.50 0.0410 0.0410 1.0508 13.4 0.22 0.22
6 Trucks 65 22 65.09035969 1.0230 13.20 0.88 0.88 1.0717 2.50 0.1744 0.1744 1.0508 13.4 0.92 0.92
8 Trailer 15 22 15.31537875 1.0230 13.20 0.21 0.21 1.0717 2.50 0.0410 0.0410 1.0508 13.4 0.22 0.22
9 Rikshaw 3969 27 3969.235659 1.0050 17.00 67.81 67.81 1.0155 9.90 39.9029 39.9029 1.0110 0.075 0.30 0.30
10 Motorcycle 24908 27 24907.91097 1.0050 17.00 425.53 425.53 1.0155 9.90 250.4003 250.4003 1.0110 0.075 1.89 1.89
Total 53360 53360 943.86 943.86 333.40 333 88.51 89

Speed Distance
1 Cars/Pickups 27261 35 27261.18047 0.8935 22.90 557.81 557.81 0.9225 1.88 47.28 47.28 1.0189 2.83 78.61 78.61
2 Coasters 1927 30 1926.982343 1.0461 13.20 26.61 26.61 1.0000 2.50 4.82 4.82 1.0000 0.99 1.91 1.91
3 Hiace Wagon 1733 30 1733.143883 0.9536 13.20 21.82 21.82 0.9708 2.50 4.21 4.21 1.0202 13.4 23.69 23.69
4 Buses 204 25 203.6118283 1.0113 13.20 2.72 2.72 1.0352 2.50 0.5270 0.5270 1.0250 13.4 2.80 2.80
6 Trucks 83 20 83.07362597 1.0327 13.20 1.13 1.13 1.1020 2.50 0.2289 0.2289 1.0723 13.4 1.19 1.19
8 Trailer 20 20 19.54673552 1.0327 13.20 0.27 0.27 1.1020 2.50 0.0539 0.0539 1.0723 13.4 0.28 0.28
9 Rikshaw 5066 25 5065.862289 1.0113 17.00 87.09 87.09 1.0352 9.90 51.9197 51.9197 1.0250 0.075 0.39 0.39
10 Motorcycle 31790 25 31789.50754 1.0113 17.00 546.53 546.53 1.0352 9.90 325.8087 325.8087 1.0250 0.075 2.44 2.44
Total 68102 68102 1244.24 1244.24 434.89 435 111.59 112
Speed Distance
1 Cars/Pickups 44406 30 44405.59039 1.0461 22.90 1063.80 1063.80 1.0329 1.88 86.23 86.23 0.9938 2.83 124.88 124.88
2 Coasters 3139 25 3138.851185 1.2395 13.20 51.35 51.35 1.0000 2.50 7.85 7.85 1.0000 0.99 3.11 3.11
3 Hiace Wagon 2823 25 2823.108758 1.0113 13.20 37.69 37.69 1.0352 2.50 7.31 7.31 1.0250 13.4 38.77 38.77
4 Buses 332 20 331.6622131 1.0327 13.20 4.52 4.52 1.1020 2.50 0.9138 0.9138 1.0723 13.4 4.77 4.77
6 Trucks 135 15 135.318183 1.0684 13.20 1.91 1.91 1.2133 2.50 0.4105 0.4105 1.1511 13.4 2.09 2.09
8 Trailer 32 15 31.83957246 1.0684 13.20 0.45 0.45 1.2133 2.50 0.0966 0.0966 1.1511 13.4 0.49 0.49
9 Rikshaw 8252 20 8251.755863 1.0327 17.00 144.87 144.87 1.1020 9.90 90.0274 90.0274 1.0723 0.075 0.66 0.66
10 Motorcycle 51782 20 51781.75801 1.0327 17.00 909.08 909.08 1.1020 9.90 564.9435 564.9435 1.0723 0.075 4.16 4.16
Total 110932 110932 2214.12 2214.12 757.87 758 179.43 179

Emissions from Motorized Vehicles (with Project)
Jail Road(Traffic Data , average situation)
With Project Conditions
Sr. Type of Vehicles No. of Vehicles Speed Distance Carbon Monoxide Hydrocarbons Nitrogen Oxides
No. Correction Unit Emmisions Correction Unit Emmisions (kg) Correction Unit Emmisions (kg)
Km/hr 1 km/vehicle Factor (g/km) Running Kg. Factor (g/km) Running Total Factor (g/km) Running Total
1 Cars/Pickups 16736 70 16736 0.4134 22.90 158.44 158.44 0.5702 1.88 17.94 17.94 1.1948 2.83 56.59 56.59
2 Coasters 1183 60 1183 1.0000 13.20 15.62 15.62 1.0000 2.50 2.96 2.96 1.0000 0.99 1.17 1.17
3 Hiace Wagon 1064 60 1064 0.3969 13.20 5.57 5.57 0.6205 2.50 1.65 1.65 1.2630 13.4 18.01 18.01
4 Buses 125 60 125 0.3969 13.20 0.65 0.65 0.6205 2.50 0.1939 0.1939 1.2630 13.4 2.12 2.12
6 Trucks 51 50 51 0.5083 13.20 0.34 0.34 0.6906 2.50 0.0880 0.0880 1.2145 13.4 0.83 0.83
8 Trailer 12 50 12 0.5083 13.20 0.08 0.08 0.6906 2.50 0.0207 0.0207 1.2145 13.4 0.20 0.20
9 Rikshaw 3110 40 3110 0.6753 17.00 35.70 35.70 0.7957 9.90 24.4973 24.4973 1.1416 0.075 0.27 0.27
10 Motorcycle 19516 40 19516 0.6753 17.00 224.03 224.03 0.7957 9.90 153.7267 153.7267 1.1416 0.075 1.67 1.67
Total 41809 41809 440.55 440.55 201.10 201 81.03 81

No. Correction Unit Emmisions (kg) Correction Unit Emmisions (kg) Correction Unit Emmisions (kg)
1 Cars/Pickups 21360 65 21359.84823 0.4453 22.90 217.83 217.83 0.5908 1.88 23.73 23.73 1.1696 2.83 70.70 70.70
2 Coasters 1510 55 1509.841088 1.0000 13.20 19.93 19.93 1.0000 2.50 3.77 3.77 1.0000 0.99 1.49 1.49
3 Hiace Wagon 1358 55 1357.963583 0.4475 13.20 8.02 8.02 0.6523 2.50 2.21 2.21 1.2409 13.4 22.58 22.58
4 Buses 160 55 159.5351953 0.4475 13.20 0.94 0.94 0.6523 2.50 0.2602 0.2602 1.2409 13.4 2.65 2.65
6 Trucks 65 45 65.09035969 0.5825 13.20 0.50 0.50 0.7373 2.50 0.1200 0.1200 1.1821 13.4 1.03 1.03
8 Trailer 15 45 15.31537875 0.5825 13.20 0.12 0.12 0.7373 2.50 0.0282 0.0282 1.1821 13.4 0.24 0.24
9 Rikshaw 3969 35 3969.235659 0.7946 17.00 53.61 53.61 0.8707 9.90 34.2153 34.2153 1.0896 0.075 0.32 0.32
10 Motorcycle 24908 35 24907.91097 0.7946 17.00 336.44 336.44 0.8707 9.90 214.7091 214.7091 1.0896 0.075 2.04 2.04
Total 53360 53360 637.56 637.56 279.08 279 101.29 101

1 Cars/Pickups 27261 60 27261.18047 0.4855 22.90 303.08 303.08 0.6190 1.88 31.72 31.72 1.1445 2.83 88.30 88.30
2 Coasters 1927 50 1926.982343 1.0000 13.20 25.44 25.44 1.0000 2.50 4.82 4.82 1.0000 0.99 1.91 1.91
3 Hiace Wagon 1733 50 1733.143883 0.5083 13.20 11.63 11.63 0.6906 2.50 2.99 2.99 1.2145 13.4 28.20 28.20
4 Buses 204 50 203.6118283 0.5083 13.20 1.37 1.37 0.6906 2.50 0.3515 0.3515 1.2145 13.4 3.31 3.31
6 Trucks 83 40 83.07362597 0.6753 13.20 0.74 0.74 0.7957 2.50 0.1652 0.1652 1.1416 13.4 1.27 1.27
8 Trailer 20 40 19.54673552 0.6753 13.20 0.17 0.17 0.7957 2.50 0.0389 0.0389 1.1416 13.4 0.30 0.30
9 Rikshaw 5066 30 5065.862289 0.9536 17.00 82.12 82.12 0.9708 9.90 48.6880 48.6880 1.0202 0.075 0.39 0.39
10 Motorcycle 31790 30 31789.50754 0.9536 17.00 515.35 515.35 0.9708 9.90 305.5288 305.5288 1.0202 0.075 2.43 2.43
Total 68102 68102 940.15 940.15 394.35 394 126.38 126

1 Cars/Pickups 44406 50 44405.59039 0.5979 22.90 608.03 608.03 0.7024 1.88 58.64 58.64 1.0943 2.83 137.51 137.51
2 Coasters 3139 40 3138.851185 1.0000 13.20 41.43 41.43 1.0000 2.50 7.85 7.85 1.0000 0.99 3.11 3.11
3 Hiace Wagon 2823 40 2823.108758 0.6753 13.20 25.16 25.16 0.7957 2.50 5.62 5.62 1.1416 13.4 43.19 43.19
4 Buses 332 40 331.6622131 0.6753 13.20 2.96 2.96 0.7957 2.50 0.6597 0.6597 1.1416 13.4 5.07 5.07
6 Trucks 135 30 135.318183 0.9536 13.20 1.70 1.70 0.9708 2.50 0.3284 0.3284 1.0202 13.4 1.85 1.85
8 Trailer 32 30 31.83957246 0.9536 13.20 0.40 0.40 0.9708 2.50 0.0773 0.0773 1.0202 13.4 0.44 0.44
9 Rikshaw 8252 20 8251.755863 1.0327 17.00 144.87 144.87 1.1020 9.90 90.0274 90.0274 1.0723 0.075 0.66 0.66
10 Motorcycle 51782 20 51781.75801 1.0327 17.00 909.08 909.08 1.1020 9.90 564.9435 564.9435 1.0723 0.075 4.16 4.16
Total 110932 110932 1734.07 1734.07 728.22 728 196.45 196

SECTION-5
SCREENING OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
5.1 Screening of the Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The IEE has identified potential impacts that are likely to arise during construction
and operation phase of the project. The IEE has examined in detail both negative
and positive impacts of the project. The adverse impacts of the project are to be
mitigated, the IEE has recommended mitigation measures. These mitigation
measures include the use of alternative technologies, management and physical
controls or compensation in monetary terms.
The residual impacts (impacts remaining after apply the recommended mitigation
measures) and for impacts in which there can be a level of uncertainty in prediction
at IEE stage shall have monitoring measures to ascertain these impacts during the
course of the project.
5.2 Environmental Screening
An environmental screening matrix was developed as a part of the present IEE

study. The focus being on the potential environmental impacts of the project
during construction and operation phases. The format so developed examines the
interaction of project activities with various components of the environment.
The impacts are broadly classified as physical, biological and social, and then each
of these broad categories further divided into different aspects. The potential
impacts thus predicted are characterized as follows:
High negative impact

Low negative impact
Insignificant impact
High positive impact
Low Positive impact
No impact
The occurrence and severity of the potentially adverse impacts are identified and
included in the subsequent part of the report.
5.2.1 Construction Phase Impacts
Construction phase will be by far the most significant part of the proposed project
with respect to environmental considerations, since most of the impacts are likely
to take place during this period. Various construction activities will invariably
create environmental disturbances, which may have impacts on the environmental
resources of the area and nearby communities, Table-5.1. Such impacts include the
following:
Section-5, Screening of Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 79

Physical Environmental
Soil erosion, degradation
Soil contamination
Air quality deterioration
Surface water contamination
Groundwater contamination
Impacts on downstream water resources
Biological Environment
Loss of /damage to the floral resources (natural vegetation) of the area
Loss of /damage to the faunal resources (wildlife) of the area
Socio-economic Environment
Land procurement
Loss of damage to cultivation
Blocked access
Noise and vibration
Safety hazards
Public health and nuisance issues
Damage to infrastructure
Damage to archeological, historical or cultural artifacts

Table-5.1, Environmental Screening Matrix (Unmitigated)
Physical Biological Socio-Economic
Public Health and
Population Influx
Blocked Access
Compensation
Gender Issues
Safety Hazard
Surface Water
Archeological
Infrastructure
Consumption
Groundwater
Employment
Air Quality
Cultivation
Vegetation
Historical/
Noise and
Vibration
Nuisance
Wildlife
Natural
Water
Issue
Sites
Soil
Construction Phase
Contractor
0 -1 0 0 N N N N -1 0 N -1 0 -1 -1 0 N N
Mobilization
Construction Camp -1 0 0 -1 -1 N N -1 0 N N -1 0 0 -1 -1 N -1
Establishment
Construction Camp 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 N N 1 0 -1 -1 N 0
Operation
Site Preparation -2 -2 -1 -1 0 -2 -1 0 -2 -1 N N 1 0 -1 -1 N 0
Excavation for -2 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 -1 N N 1 0 -1 0 N N
Foundations
Construction of -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 -1 0 N -1 2 1 -1 0 N N
Roads/Underpasses
Landscaping 2 1 1 1 -2 1 1 0 N N N N 1 N 2 0 N N
Construction 0 -1 N N N 0 0 0 -1 N N -1 1 -1 -1 0 N N
Materials Supply
Construction Crew 0 -1 N N N 0 0 0 -1 N N -1 1 -1 -1 0 N N
Transportation

Public Health and
Population Influx
Blocked Access
Compensation
Gender Issues
Safety Hazard
Surface Water
Archeological
Infrastructure
Consumption
Groundwater
Employment
Air Quality
Cultivation
Vegetation
Historical/
Noise and
Vibration
Nuisance
Wildlife
Natural
Water
Issue
Sites
Soil
Demobilization of 0 -1 0 0 N N 0 0 -1 0 N -2 0 -1 -1 0 N N
Contractors
Key: -2: High negative impact, -1: Low negative impact; 0: insignificant/negligible impact; +1: low positive impact; +2: high positive impact;
N: no impact

5.2.2 Operation Phase Impacts
The operation of the project will interact with different components of the
environment as shown in Table-5.2. This interaction may result into the following
adverse impacts:
Soil contamination (caused by inappropriate waste disposal)

Surface and ground water contamination
Water consumption
Safety hazards, public health and nuisance
Damage to infrastructure
Population influx
However, the magnitude of most of the above impacts is likely to be much smaller
compared to the construction phase impacts.
To ensure harmony of the project with the environment the project sponsor will
implement sound environmental management practices to effectively handle the
basic environmental issues, including:
Landscaping and plantation

Environmentally responsible conduct Environmentally responsible
conduct of personnel
Noise and other public nuisance abatement

Table -5.2, Environmental Screening Matrix (Unmitigated)
Public Health and
Population Influx
Blocked Access
Compensation
Gender Issues
Safety Hazard
Surface Water
Archeological
Infrastructure
Consumption
Groundwater
Employment
Air Quality
Cultivation
Vegetation
Historical/
Noise and
Vibration
Nuisance
Wildlife
Natural
Water
Issue
Sites
Soil
Operation Phase
Vehicular Traffic N -1 N N N N -1 0 -1 0 N N 0 1 -1 0 N 0
Key: -2: High negative impact, -1: Low negative impact; 0: insignificant/negligible impact; +1: low positive impact; +2: high positive impact;
N: no impact

5.3 Environmental Impact Characterization
The predicted impacts have been characterized; various aspects of the impact
characterized include:
Nature (direct/indirect)
Duration of impact (Short term, medium term, Long term)
Geological extend (local, regional)
Timing (Project phase)
Reversibility of impact (Reversible/Irreversible)
Likelihood of the impact (certain, likely, unlikely, rare)
Impact consequence severity (major, moderate, minor)
Significance of impact (High, medium, low)
The above aspects of environmental characterization are defined in Table-5.3.

Table-5.3, Impact Characterization
Categories Characteristics
Nature Direct: The environmental parameter is directly changed by the project.
Indirect: The environmental parameter changes as a result of change in
another parameter.
Duration of Short-term: lasting only for the duration of the project such as noise from
Impact the construction activities.
Medium-term: Lasting for a period of few months to a year after a the project
before naturally reverting to the original condition such as loss of vegetation
due to clearing of campsite, contamination of soil or water by fuels or oil.
Long-term: lasting for a period much greater than medium term impact
before naturally reverting to the original condition such as loss of soil due to
soil erosion.
Geographical Local, regional (spatial dimension)
extent
Timing Construction and Operation
Reversibility of Reversible: when a receptor resumes its pre-project condition.
Impact Irreversible: when a receptor does not or cannot resume its pre-project
condition.
Likelihood of Almost Certain: Impact expected to occur under most circumstances.
the Impact Likely: Impact will probably occur under most circumstances.
Possibly: Impact may possibly occur at some time.
Unlikely: Impact could occur at some time.
Rare: Impact may occur but only under exceptional circumstances.
Impact Major: When an activity causes irreversible damage to a unique
Consequences environmental feature; causes a decline in abundance or change in
severity distribution over more than one generation of an entire population of species
of flora and fauna: has long term effects (period of years) on socioeconomic
activities of significance on regional level.
Moderate: When an activity causes long-term (period of years), reversible
damage to a unique environmental feature; causes reversible damage or
change in abundance or distribution over one generation of a population of
flora or fauna: have short-term effects (period of years) on socioeconomic
activities of significance on regional level.
Minor: When an activity causes short-term (period of a few months),
reversible damage to a unique environmental feature; slight reversible
damage to a few species of flora or fauna within a population over a short
period; has short-term (period of months) effects on socioeconomic activities
of local significance.
Negligible: when no measureable damage to physical, socioeconomic, or
biological environment above the existing level of impact occurs.
Significance of Categorized as High, Medium, Low
Impact Based on the consequence, likelihood, reversibility, geographical extent, and
duration: level of public concern: and conformance with legislative of
statutory requirements.
The characterization of impacts during construction phase are included in Table-

5.4 whereas Table-5.5 covers the ones during operation phase of the project.

Table-Error! No text of specified style in document..4, Impact Characterization - Construction Phase
Impact
Impact Nature Duration Geo Extend Reversibility Likelihood Consequence
Signification
Physical Environment
Low to
Soil Erosion Direct Long Term Local Irreversible unlikely Moderate
medium
Soil
Direct Long Term Local Reversibility Likely Major Low
Contamination
Air Quality
Direct Short Term Local Reversibility Likely Minor Medium
Deterioration
Surface Water
Direct Short Term Local Reversibility Likely Major High
Contamination
Ground Water Medium
Indirect Local Reversibility Likely Major High
Contamination Term
Biological Resources
Loss
of/damage to Medium to
Direct Local Irreversible Likely Moderate Low
Natural Long Term
Vegetation
Loss
Medium to
of/damage to Direct Local Irreversible Unlikely Minor Low
Long Term
wildlife

Socioeconomic Issues
Land Medium Moderate to Medium to
Direct Local Irreversible Certain
Acquisition Term Major High
Cultivation Direct Short Term Local Irreversible Certain Minor Low
Blocked Access Indirect Short Term Local Reversibility Possible Minor Medium
Noise and
Direct Short Term Local Reversibility Likely Moderate Medium
Vibration
Damage to
Direct Short Term Local Reversibility Possible Moderate Medium
Infrastructure
Gender Issues Indirect Short Term Local Reversibility Possible Moderate Low

Table-5.5, Impact Characterization - Operation Phase
Geo Impact
Impact Nature Duration Reversibility Likelihood Consequence
Extend Signification
Soil Medium
Direct Local Irreversibility Unlikely Moderate Low to medium
Contamination Term
Short to
Surface Water
Direct Medium Local Reversibility Unlikely Major High
Contamination
Term
Ground Water Medium
Direct Local Reversibility Unlikely Major High
Contamination Term
Water Medium
Indirect Local Reversibility Unlikely Moderate Medium
Consumption Term
Population Medium to
Direct Local Irreversible Unlikely Moderate Low
Influx Long Term
Public Health Direct
and Nuisance and Short Term Local Reversibility Likely/possibly Moderate Medium
Issues Indirect

Subsequent to the characterization, appropriate mitigation measures were
identified, in order to minimize if not completely eliminate the adverse impact
associated with project activities. The suggested mitigation measures are included
in a separate section of the study report.

SECTION 6
PUBLIC CONSULTATION & DISCLOSURE
6.1 General
The public consultation process is an important tool of project planning and

implementation as well as an integral part of Environmental Impact Assessment.
It is the process for managing two way communication between sponsor and the
public for decision making and promoting understanding through the active
engagement of individuals, groups, stakeholders, organizations who have a stake
in the project and its outcomes.
Public consultation plays a critical role in raising awareness of impacts by the new
developments in the city. The information disclosure and in response of that
information gathered by public involvement plays an important role for the
selection of project alternatives as well as projects design and routing selection
with the positive impacts by the proposed developments in the area. Information
gathered by public consultation at this stage provides proponent and other
stakeholders with sufficient information to decide whether or not to proceed with
the project or to ensure that likely environmental impacts are duly mitigated so as
to safeguard the public end users.
The objectives of this process were to:
Share information with stakeholders on proposed project, implementation

period, cost and expected impact on the physical, biological, and socio-
economic environment of the project;
Understand stakeholder concerns regarding various aspects of the sub-
project and the likely impacts of construction and operation related
activities of the Improvement of roads
Obtain feedback/valuable suggestions by stakeholders to improve the
current system and mitigation measures;
To allow participants to ask questions in order to better understand the
specifics of the improvement of roads, voice their opinion and their
expectations from the project;
Understand the perceptions and concerns of the affected people /
communities (if any);
To invite people to express their views about the positive / negative
impacts on their life styles / environment of the city by the project; and
To disclose information about contact offices / officers for any
complains/queries.
The public had the option to send their comments by post, fax or email to LDA.
6.2 Identification of Main Stakeholders
6.2.1 General
There are two types of stakeholders related to the project i.e. primary and
secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders are those which are directly
Section-6, Public Consultation and Disclosure 91

affected by the project activities and secondary stakeholders are those which are
affected indirectly.
There are no primary stakeholders for the Improvement of Jail & Main Boulevard
Roads. However, secondary stakeholders are institutional stakeholders, which
includes, general public, local residents, shop keepers, vendors, pedestrians and
businessmen of the market of the adjacent areas. All those stakeholders have
different types of stakes according to their involvements in various aspects of the
project.
The Consultants tried to contact with all the stakeholders and shared their views
and concerns and also interacted with the community based organizations that
can support the community.
6.2.2 Categories of stakeholders consulted
The stakeholders contacted during the consultations belong to different categories

of people as shown in Table 6.1.
Table-6.1, Categories of Stakeholders Consulted
Nr. Category
1 Local residents
3 Mosques
4 Business/ shop owners
5 Representatives of market
6 Vendors
7 Pedestrians
6.3 Issues Briefed during Public Consultation
6.3.1 Major Stakeholders and their Apprehensions
In the Project area, all the possible stakeholders were identified during the survey.
Table-6.2 contains the list of major stakeholders.

Table-6.2, Different Stakeholders and their Stakes in the Project Area
Nr. Stakeholders Stakes (apprehensions)
Air Pollution, exit/ entry problems, and

1 Residents disturbance of utilities, security / safety
issues, and waste material.
Noise, Air Pollution, exit/entry problems,

disturbance of utilities, security/ safety and
3 Shop owners decline in business including fear about
dismantling of their shops falling within
ROW.
Noise, Air Pollution, exit/ entry problems,

4 Hotel owners disturbance of utilities, security/ safety and
decline in business.
6 Vendors Displacement, possible loss of livelihood.
7 Hawkers Displacement
Noise, Air Pollution, Accessibility,

8 Clinics disturbance of utilities, security/ safety
issues, business decline.
Noise, Air Pollution, Accessibility, Utilities

9 Colleges
safety issues.
10 Mosques Accessibility, Noise, Air Pollution.
Motorized Transport Appropriate detour, management, and

11
users pollution.
Non-motorized Appropriate detour, management, and

12
Transport users pollution.
Pedestrians / People Appropriate detour.

13 using Pedestrian
bridges

The public consultation, an important aspect of the project preparation, was
conducted and the localities had been selected on the basis of different parameters
including socioeconomic level.
During the consultation, the stakeholders (groups / individuals) were briefed

about the project including its purpose, funding arrangements and
implementation schedule. They were also briefed about the benefits of the project
and the likely environmental impacts and measures proposed to mitigate these
impacts: The stakeholders were asked to state their current priorities for
improvements to the urban environmental infrastructure in their area and about
the likely impacts of the proposed subproject during construction and operation
phases. Most of the people have knowledge about the project perhaps through
their local representatives. Their queries about the project were answered to their
satisfaction.
People were informed about the positive impacts of project on society &
environment due to the Improvement of roads in the location. They were also
briefed about the operation & maintenance of facility by LDA who will be
responsible for the maintenance of roads, underpasses, and there will be no
negative impacts due to project implementation.
6.3.2 Awareness Regarding the Proposed Project
Out of total 18 respondents, 56% knew about the project whereas 44% were not
aware of the project planning and implementation, Table-6.3.
Table-6.3, Knowledge about the Construction
Nr. Response Number %Age

1 Know 10 56
Do not
2 8 44
Know
Total 18 100
6.3.3 Acceptability of the Proposed Project
Majority of the respondents, 77% favoured the construction of the project keeping
in view its importance and only 23% of the respondents responses were against
the construction of the project, Table-6.4.
Table-6.4, Acceptability of the Project
Nr. Response Number %Age
1 Favour 10 77
2 Do not Favour 3 23
Total 13 100

6.3.4 Protective Measures Suggested by the Respondents
It is noted from the data in Table-6.5 that in 13% cases, people remained quiet
about suggesting the protective measures during construction in order to
safeguard their interests. About 26% responses emphasized on the need to
provide the proper alternate traffic plan for smooth flow of traffic during
construction. Proper compensation for the losses, timely completion of the project,
and safety of the businesses along the road and avoidance of disturbance to the
passengers during construction were also some of the proposed protective
measures by the respondents.
Table-6.5, Protective Measures Suggested by the Respondents
Nr. Measures Suggested Frequency Percentage

1 No response 5 22
2 Proper alternate traffic plan 5 22
Proper compensation of the
3 0 0
losses
Timely completion of the
4 5 22
Project
5 Safety of business 4 17
Less disturbance to
6 4 17
passengers
Total 23 100
A brief of public consulted for the purpose is included in Annexure-6.1.
6.4 Summary of Comments & Discussions
Following are the viewpoints of the stakeholders based on these sessions and
consultations about the proposed project:
Right Decision
Most common comments by public reveal that Improvement of roads / provision
of underpasses is a right decision as a priority project in the city. Many of the
participants stated that improvement of roads is the real need of people.
Road Crossing by Local Population

People were of the strong apprehension that upon completion of the project, the
local crossings available on the road may be disturbed and they will be put to
trouble by way of long distances for crossing or otherwise.
Workforce Utilization
People were also concerned that the workers and laborers will be brought by the
Contractor from outside the project area and an opportunity of employment
generated locally shall be availed by the people from other areas. They were
informed that a condition in the Contract Document will be imposed that the
maximum skilled and un-skilled employment shall be offered to the locals.

Assurance Provided
The Consultants has also explained that due consideration will be given in the
preparation of project that it includes comments / observations of the community.
All the fears of community were alleviated by providing the answers of their
doubts about the new development in the city. Above all, the project will have
positive impacts towards the education, health, welfare, anti-poverty,
environment, women & children, and ethics. All the people showed their
satisfaction for the improvement of jail road and main boulevard/in the area.
6.5 Conclusions
During public consultations, people were made aware of the benefits of the project
and were invited to express their viewpoints on the subject. Several issues were
raised by the community during the consultation, which were immediately
addressed by the Consultants officials. Residents of the city were very much
supportive to the implementation of the proposed project. The project will have
positive impacts on community and environment.
Keeping in view the proposed development in the city, it can be anticipated that
after the implementation of the proposed project, the environment of area will be
very much improved.
The comments/ observations of the people are given due consideration in the
project preparation resulting in:
Improvement in traffic and transport facilities;

Good roads surfaces will be available to the public, which will improve
the environment of the city.
In the absence of crossings by pedestrians, the comfort level presently
available will be disturbed, therefore pedestrian bridges should be take-
up for completion simultaneously.
The difficulties and problems faced by pedestrians during movement on
roads will be eliminated.
The commercial activities and businesses along the roads will be
improved.
Public mental tension, frustration will be minimized.
The city will have a better look.

Annexure-6.1
Resume of Public Consulted for EIA
Nr. Name Occupation/Status Tel Nr. CNIC

1 FAISAL JAMIL Senior Accountant 0321-4039031 35202-1733240-5
2 MIAN ZEESHAN ZAFFAR Assistant Manager 0322-4981366 35202-6679691-9
3 MUHAMMAD UMAIR Accountant 0322-7317315 35202-8046379-3
4 ARIF MANZOOR Finance officer 0321-8143205 35202-2641494-9
5 FARHAN ALI Senior Accountant 0323-4533494 35202-6969497-5
6 M. SHEHZAD ANJUM Account Officer 0300-4255203 35202-1897198-9
7 M. RAFI VIRAK Treasury Manager 0300-8429408 35201-1700805-3
8 SAMAAT ULLAH KHAN Assistant Accountant 0300-8429409 35201-1514274-5
9 M.YOUNAS BHATTI Mechanical Engineer 0302-8405603 35201-3649213-3
10 TALHA WASEEM Student(BSCS) 0321-8636216 35202-2273642-1
11 HAMID KHAN Site Supervisor 0311-5397875 35202-1555850-5
12 FURQAN ZAHEER Assistant Director 0342-4490909 35202-6171817-3
13 ASIM SHEHZAD Student 0313-8168488 32201-3032740-5
14 QURBAN ALI Student(M.Sc.) 0322-5691121 34101-9753057-9
15 M. ASHFAQ MALIK B.tech Engr. 0314-4877028 34502-4757908-1
16 SHAHID SATTAR Architect 0321-9499302 35202-9457905-7
17 TALHA MUKHTAR Student(BBA Hons) 03005-4476256 352027252864-3
18 MUHAMMAD IJAZ Business Man 0334-9937899 35202-4729848-5
19 ZEESHAN ALI AKBAR Student 0301-4549794 35201-3886677-1
20 ZUBAIR MANZUR Civil Servant 0322-4828705 35202-1880485-3
21 IMRAN AHMAD Civil Engr. 0321-8071158 37301-9252758-3
22 ABDUL AZIZ Govt. Employee 0308-4180636
23 ZAHEER -U -DIN Marketing Manager 0332-4105078 35202-8688285

SECTION 7
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT
AND MITIGATION MEASURES
7.1 General
The implementation and subsequently operation of the proposed project is to

ensure environmentally sustainable development. Therefore, in order to achieve
the objectives, it is imperative that all the potential impacts related to the proposed
project are identified at an early stage and their mitigation measures are designed
and implemented. Based on the study of different components of the proposed
project and the existing environmental conditions of the area, the proposed project
may pose different types of impacts on the environment.
For the purpose, a checklist of environmental parameters was prepared for the
project, which is annexed as Annexure-7.1. Based on the study of different
components of the proposed project and the existing conditions of the project area,
environmental impacts on physical, ecological and socio-cultural resources have
been identified and measures have been suggested for their mitigation during
different stages of the project.
The summary of said check list is included in Table-7.1.
Table-7.1, Summary of Checklist of Environmental Parameters
Nr. Environment Environmental Issues Impact

Component
1 Physical
Land i) Resettlement/Land Acquisition Negative
ii) Dismantling of Structures
iii) Relocation of Existing Utilities
iv) Change of Landuse
v) Induced Road side Development
vi) Soil Erosion and Landslide
vii) Disposal of Spoil
viii) Damage Due to Seismic Activities
ix) Landscape/Aesthetic Value Positive
Water i) Impacts on Surface Water Bodies
Erosion and Sedimentation Negative
Contamination from
Accidental Spillage
ii) Ground Water None
iii) Flooding
Section-7, Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 98

Air i) Ambient Air Negative
ii) Noise
iii) Dust
2. Ecological Resources
Flora i) Forest/ tree cover Negative
ii) Crops/ Vegetation None
iii) Endangered Species
Fauna i) Bird Communities/ Habitats None
ii) Mammal Communities/ Habitats
iii) Endangered Species
3. Social & Cultural Resources
Social i) Resettlement/ Relocation of Negative
Population
ii) Disruption of Existing Utilities
iii) Disruption of Traffic
iv) Health & Safety of Workers and
Public
Cultural i) Loss Cultural Habitat None
ii) Loss of Archeological Resources
Economic i) Induced Roadside Development Positive
ii) Employment
iii) Tourism
7.2 Summary of Environmental Impacts
The environmental impacts likely to occur due the implementation of the project
have been summarized in Table-7.2.
Table-7.2, Summary of Environmental Impacts

Sr. Resources Envisaged Impacts Construction Phase Operation
No. Phase
1 Physical i) Land Acquisition None -
Resources ii) Dismantling of Structures Slight negative -
iii) Relocation of Existing Insignificant -
Utilities
iv) Change of Landuse Insignificant -
v) Induced Roadside None Positive
Development
vi) Soil Erosion and Land Slide Moderate negative Positive
vii) Seismic Impact - Moderate
negative
vii) Disposal of Spoil Slight negative None
viii) Impacts on Water Bodies Slight negative None
ix) Flooding Insignificant None
x) Air Pollution Slight negative Positive
xi) Dust Slight negative None
xii) Noise Slight negative Insignificant

2 Ecological i) Loss of vegetation Slight negative None
Resources
3 Social & i) Relocation of Population None None
Cultural
Resources
ii) Disturbance to People Slight negative Positive
iii) Disruption of Existing Slight negative None
Utilities
iv) Disruption of Traffic Moderate negative Positive
v) Health & Safety of workers Slight negative Insignificant

and Public
7.3 Environmental Impacts during Construction Phase
7.3.1 Physical Resources
7.3.1.1 Land Acquisition
The improvement of roads and construction of underpasses along the route

involves small piece of land, about 28 marlas for acquisition, as the proposed
improvements are to be executed within the right-of-way of existing roads.
a. Environmental Issue
No environmental issue is involved.

b. Mitigation Measures
No mitigation is required.
7.3.1.2 Dismantling of Structures
The existing structures of about 15,500 sq.ft. will require dismantling.
The dismantling process will result in dust, disturbance to traffic and pedestrians,
and disposal of dismantled material.
The Contractor will act upon the Mitigation Plan so determined so as to avoid
pollution of the environment and inconvenience to public and traffic movement.
7.3.1.3 Relocation of Existing Utilities
Disruption of existing utilities like water supply, electricity and telephone is likely
to be caused during the construction stage of the project. Although such type of
disruptions shall not be too much and for short time only.

a. Environmental Issue (affected Utility Services)
The process of relocation of existing infrastructure-utility may pose significant

negative impacts on the everyday life of the people. The electrical and gas
facilities and other underground infrastructure will be affected.
The Contractor will act upon the Mitigation Plan so determined so as to avoid
pollution of the environment and inconvenience to public and traffic movement.
The shut-off periods for affected utility will be so planned that residents in the
vicinity / affected by shut-offs carry minimal adverse impacts.
7.3.1.4 Impact on Land Use and Resources
Open pits containing water are potential sources of mosquito breeding if left
stagnant, and can create health problems.
The mitigation measures, which will be carried out in design stage, construction
as well as operation stages for land resources are as under:
i. Land Productivity and Use
As far as possible, waste/barren land i.e. areas not under agricultural,

residential or forestation use, and natural areas with a high elevation will
be used for borrow material; and
The excavation of earth fill will be limited to an approximate depth of 50

cm. This practice will be applied uniformly across the entire extent of the
farmland unit acquired for borrowing earth material.
ii. Soil Erosion and Land Sliding
Good engineering practices will help control soil erosion both at construction
sites and in peripheral areas, particularly in borrow areas. These will include the
following measures:
Growing of creepers and planting local fast growing and deep rooted
species will act as sponge and will significantly help in reducing soil
erosion; and
A tree plantation program will be developed all around to reduce the soil
erosion.

iii. Soil Contamination
The following practices will be adopted to minimize the risk of soil

contamination:
The proponent will be required to instruct and train their workforce in the
storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause
soil contamination;
Solid waste generated during construction and at campsites will be

properly treated and safely disposed of only in demarcated waste disposal
sites; and
Proper solid waste storage will be adopted for the project such as:
Separate bins for recyclable materials should be provided.

All garbage or other putrid waste should be securely wrapped in recycled
papers or similar material bags.
All cans, bottles, or other food containers would be rinsed free of food particles
and drained before being placed in collection containers.
Collection containers should be kept tightly sealed or covered at all times. Solid
waste must not protrude or extend above the top of the container.
7.3.1.5 Induced Roadside Development
The proposed project shall result in improvement in transportation facilities in the

area which may result in induced roadside commercial, industrial and residential
development.
c. Environmental Issue
No negative impacts are envisaged due to such developments if these are outside
the right-of-way of the proposed roads improvement program. In fact it will
increase the economic activities in the area resulting in enhancing the socio
economic conditions of the local residents.
d. Mitigation Measures
No mitigation measures are involved. However, when there is any encroachment

on the ROW, the same will be treated under the local guidelines for removal of
encroachments.
7.3.1.6 Soil Erosion and Land Slides
Soil erosion can be potential environmental issue due to construction-

improvement of the proposed roads and underpasses. The intensity of this impact
will vary at different locations depending on the type of soil, drainage and
hydrological pattern of the area.

e. Environmental Issue
Sediment transport to the surface water may increase considerably if not properly
taken care. The phenomenon may pose environmental impacts like, slumps, slips
and other mass movements in road cuts.
f. Mitigation Measures
The Contractor will follow the Mitigation Plan so as to avoid possibility of any
soil erosion.
7.3.1.7 Seismic Impacts
The project site is located in Zone-2A of the Seismic Zoning Plan of the country
which is likely to cause moderate earthquakes and shall have insignificant impact.
g. Environmental Issue
The planning and design of structures and roads will be as per the prescribed
criteria for the purpose, as such no environmental issues are anticipated except
when there is some abnormality on account of earthquake.
h. Mitigation Measures
The designs of structures and roads will be as per applicable criteria.
7.3.1.8 Disposal of Spoil
Disposal of spoil / surplus material is another issue likely to cause negative

environmental impacts, if not properly mitigated during construction stage of the
project.
i. Environmental Issue
Severe negative impacts may be caused on the receiving lands due to improper
disposal of spoil.
j. Mitigation Measures
The Contractor will follow the Mitigation Plan for timely disposal of spoils. The
Contractor will be required to depute adequate number of sanitary workers so as
to ensure cleanliness of the construction area / its vicinity. It is anticipated that
such sanitary workers would be about 50 numbers. The cost of hiring/deputing
workers is part of the contract.

7.3.1.9 Flooding
The heavy and intensive precipitation in the project area may result in quick and
high runoffs thereby disturbing the construction activity including Contractors
Camp, etc.
k. Environmental Issue
Abnormal surface water runoffs may disturb the construction activity including
smooth traffic in the project area, also causing inconvenience to the pedestrians.
l. Mitigation Measures
The Contractor will follow the Mitigation Plan for proper collection and disposal
of anticipated surface runoffs.
7.3.1.10Impacts on Water Bodies
There is a probability that spillage of various types of oils and lubricants used
during construction phase of the roads and underpasses, may contaminate the
surface water bodies.
m. Environmental Issue
The spillage of various types of oils and lubricants used during construction phase
of the roads and underpasses, may contaminate the surface water bodies.
n. Mitigation Measures
The Contractor will follow the Mitigation Plan and maintain its machinery and
equipment in order so that possibility of any slippage of oils and lubricants.
7.3.1.11Air Pollution
The negative impacts due to air quality have not been reported along the
proposed route due to non-existence of significant pollution sources. However,
keeping in view the magnitude of proposed construction works and the
machinery involved, the air quality may be deteriorated considerably due to
excessive and uncontrolled emissions during construction stage of the project.
Also considerable increase in number of vehicles is anticipated on the upgraded
project. Emissions of various gases were calculated using the present and
projected traffic volume and the speeds under with and without project condition.
The determined traffic volumes, present and future towards end of design period
are included in Table-7.3.

Table-7.3, Presented and Projected Daily Traffic
Motorcycle Rickshaw / Qingqi Car Wagon Coaster Large bus Pick-Up 2-axle Truck 3+-axle Truck Tractors Total
2014 2,499 1,624 2,183 3,504 1,080 948 265 130 69 70 12,372
Growth Rate,% 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 50
2020 3,350 2,177 2,925 4,696 1,449 1,271 355 175 92 95 16,585
Growth Rate,% 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 50
2025 4,277 2,778 3,733 5,994 1,849 1,623 455 224 118 122 21,173
Growth Rate,% 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 50
2035 6,969 4,524 6,082 9,765 3,011 2,644 742 365 193 198 34,493
Based on the traffic data as above, and the anticipated emissions from various
types of vehicles, the emissions have been determined for various periods and
included in Table-7.4 and presented in Exhibit-7.1.
Table-7.4, Present and Anticipated Emissions from Vehicles
Emissions (Kg)
Year Carbon Monoxide Hydrocarbons Nitrogen Oxides
Without With Without With Without With

Project Project Project Project Project Project
2014 110 110 57 45 76 89
2020 254 166 80 65 100 118
2025 338 242 104 91 125 147
2035 595 458 181 169 207 225

Exhibit-7.1, Present and Anticipated Emissions from Vehicles

It is noted that a considerable reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and
hydrocarbons (HC) emissions is anticipated under with project conditions due
to improvement of speeds and smooth flow of traffic. However, emissions for
Nitrogen Oxides increase when the project is implemented. The detailed
calculation of emissions is included in Annexure-7.2.
o. Environmental Issue
The increase in emissions during project construction and operation may

pose potentially negative impacts on the air quality of the area if not
mitigated properly.
Air quality will be affected by the fugitive dust--and emissions from the
construction machinery during the construction phase. Emissions may be
carried over long distances, depending on wind speed and direction, the
temperature of the surrounding air, and atmospheric stability.
Apart from dust, some vehicular emissions are also envisaged as a result of use
of vehicles, machinery etc. during the construction activities.
p. Mitigation Measures
Air Quality
Following mitigation measures shall be taken into account in order to combat
this problem:
All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during
construction activities shall be in good condition and shall be properly
tuned and maintained in good working conditions in order to minimize
exhaust emissions;
Open burning of solid waste from the Contractors camps shall be
strictly banned;
project site shall be enclosed during construction to control dust;
Transportation routes for project construction shall be properly
selected away from residential areas and other sensitive points. Dust
control should be applied to transport operations at construction site;
and
Preventive measures against dust should be adopted for onsite mixing
and unloading operations.
Emissions from power generators and construction machinery are
important point sources at the construction sites. Proper maintenance
and repair are needed to minimize emissions.
Dust
The majority of dust problem caused during the construction phase of the
project can be effectively mitigated by the implementation of a few simple
procedures by the Contractor as under:
Service roads (used for earthmoving equipment and general transport)

should be regularly sprayed with water during dry weather;

Excavation work should be sprayed with water;
Construction activities causing dust should not be carried out on
excessively windy days;
Construction workers will be provided with masks for protection
against the inhalation of dust and they should be trained for its use;
Vehicle speed should be controlled within the limit; and
Emission of exhaust gases from vehicles used for construction should
be controlled.
Vehicles and other construction machinery should be properly tuned and

maintained, so as not to emit any smoke.
The NEQS applicable to gaseous emissions generated by the construction

vehicles, equipment and machinery will be enforced during the
construction works.
The Contractor will follow the Mitigation Plan and maintain its machinery in
order so that the emissions are minimized during construction stage. However,
during operation, the increase in nitrogen oxides and other emissions is to be
minimized which may be due to more land scaping and plantation in the green
belts of the roads on either side of the en-route.
7.3.1.12Noise
The noise level of heavy construction equipment is high, but is limited to the
road surrounding only. Construction activities at the site are likely to cause
significant increase in noise levels due to the movement and operation of
excavators, compactors, rollers, concrete mixers, welding plants, cranes,
vibrators and due to haulage of material and machinery. Generators (to
provide onsite electricity) will also be a source of noise in the area.
The General Services Administration Construction Noise Specifications as

adopted under the provisions of the US-EPA Noise Control Act, 1972 specify
the noise emission standard for the various machinery and equipment, these
values are given in Table-7.5.
Table-7.5, General Noise Levels of Various Machinery
1ndustrial Equipment
Nr. Equipment Noise-Level in dB (A)

1 Earth Moving Machinery 75-85
2 Material Handling 75
3 Stationery Equipment 75
4 Tools, Hammers and Drivers 80-95
Source: General Services Administration Construction Noise-
Specifications, US-EPA Noise Control Act, 1972.

The damage risk criteria for hearing as suggested by the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) is described in Table.7.6. These levels were
established to reduce the hearing loss of the people working on the projects.
Table-7.6, Damage Risk Criteria for Hearing Loss
Sr. No. Maximum Allowable Duration Noise-Level in dB

per day in Hours (A)
1 8 90
2 6 92
3 4 95
4 3 97
5 2 100
6 1 102
7 1 105
8 110
9 or less 115 (Max.)
The maximum limit of noise levels are given in Table.7.7.
Table-7.7, Maximum Limit Of Noise Levels
Noise Situation
Level dB
(A)
194 Lung damage
180 Ear drum rupture
150 Absolute limit with ears protected
150 Maximum of instantaneous noise
135 Absolute maximum with ears unprotected.
100 Prolonged noise causing permanent damage
90 Factory work for an 8-hour day. 5 days a week
85 Ear protection should be worn
80 Noise on building or construction sites
70 Road traffic near residential areas
Noise generated by the construction machinery during the project

construction and subsequently by vehicular traffic during operation stage
is likely to affect the project area particularly the sensitive receptors like

schools, hospitals etc. However, no sensitive receptor has been observed
within the project area.
The noise levels beyond the permissible limits as above including the
following stipulations will cause inconvenience to the population in the
vanity and during construction, the workforce working on the project;
The Proponent will set up a system to monitor the noise levels in the
project area near the construction activities; and
Facilitate the EPD Punjab in enforcing noise standards as prescribed in

the NEQS.
All mitigation measures mentioned below should be undertaken in order to

minimize the impacts of noise on the community. These measures include:
Selection of up to date and well maintained plant or equipment with

reduced noise levels ensured by suitable in built damping techniques
or with appropriate muffling devices;
Confining noisy work to normal working hours in the day, wherever
possible;
Providing the construction workers with suitable hearing protection
like ear cap, or earmuffs and training them in its use;
Restricting construction vehicle movements during nighttime;
Heavy machinery like percussion hammers and pneumatic drills
should not be used during the night without prior approval of the LDA;
Use of low noise machinery, or machinery with noise shielding and
absorption; and
Contractors should comply with submitted work schedule/ CPM,
keeping noisy operations away from sensitive points; implement
regular maintenance and repairs; and employ strict implementation of
operation procedures.
7.3.2 Impact on Water Resources
The proposed project will not affect the water resources use, contamination
of water bodies and groundwater, siltation of surface water resources and
alterations in drainage pattern; therefore no mitigation measures are
involved.
7.3.3 Biological Environment
7.3.3.1 Loss of Vegetation and Wild Life
Some negative impacts are anticipated on vegetation along road sides for
proposed project, however, the impact is insignificant. No trees / plants falling
in the right of way, are encountered.

No negative impacts are envisaged on the fauna of the area or any endangered
species.
The impact on flora and fauna and corresponding mitigation measures are
described in the subsequent parts of the study report.
7.3.3.2 Impacts on Flora and Fauna
a. Flora
Trees & Shrubs
The site has significant number of trees / plants and existing trees comprise
fruit frees like Jamin, Shisham, Eucalyptus, etc. The portion of green belts
falling under right-of-way of improvement programs contains various
types of plants, shrubs, flowers, etc. which will be cut/relocated in the
project implementation.
b. Fauna
No adverse effect on Fauna existence as these have already vanished.
7.3.3.3 Mitigation Measures
a. Flora
Trees and Shrubs
None of the tree / plant falls under the right of way, as such disturbance of
flora is not involved.
b. Fauna
As already mentioned, there will be no effect on fauna of the area.
7.3.4 Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment
The impact of the proposed project on local communities, construction

workers, indigenous and vulnerable people as well as on structures or sites
of cultural and religious significance is mentioned in this section of the
study.
7.3.4.1 Social Impacts
a. Impacts on Local Communities/Workforce
Community will have to face the noise and dust problems during the
construction phase and air and noise emissions during operation stage;
Theft problems to the community by the Contractor workers and vice

versa; and

Pollution of community resources during construction and operation
stages.
b. Gender Issues
The project area lies within the urban populated location, women activities
in the project area/ adjacent is not involved.
c. Indigenous, Vulnerable and Women Headed Households
During the field survey of the project, no indigenous group of people was
identified. So, no impact on the indigenous people is envisaged due to the
implementation of the project.
d. Safety Hazards
Occurrence of accidents/incidents during the construction and operation

stages may occur to the workers.
e. Religious, Cultural and Historical Sites
No such site will be adversely affected.
f. Sensitive Areas, Game Forest Reserves
No such area exists in the vicinity.
7.3.4.2 Mitigation Measures
a. Local Communities/Workforce
The presence of migrant construction workers inevitably causes some degree

of social unease and even active disputes with the local community as a result
of cultural differences. Potential social conflict will be contained by
implementing the measures listed below:
The Proponent will be required to maintain close liaison with the local
communities to ensure that any potential conflicts related to common
resource utilization for the project purposes are resolved quickly;
Proponent will take care of the local community and sensitivity towards
the local customs and traditions will be encouraged; and
Effective construction controls by the Proponent to avoid inconvenience

to the locals due to noise, smoke and fugitive dust.

b. Loss of Income
No such problem is foreseen; rather income source will increase through the
construction activity.
c. Gender Issues
The Gender issues are unlikely, therefore no mitigation measures are

involved.
d. Indigenous, Vulnerable and Women Headed Households
As referred earlier, no indigenous people have been identified in or along the

project corridor, so no mitigation is required.
e. Safety Hazards
The safety measures shall include:
Complying with the safety precautions for construction workers as per

International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62, as far as
applicable to the project;
Training of workers in construction safety procedures, environmental

awareness, equipping all construction workers with safety boots, helmets,
gloves, and protective masks, and monitoring their proper and sustained
usage;
Contractor will ensure the provision of medicines, first aid kits, vehicle,
etc. at the site;
A contingency plan will be prepared by the Contractor to handle any

abnormal situation like fire, storm, etc.
f. Relocation of Private/Public Infrastructure
The relocation of utility lines and one existing structure over about 15,500
sq.ft. require relocation / removal/dismantling. The process will be
accomplished as per applicable procedures / laws and to the satisfaction of
the involved-affected communities.
g. Cultural and Historical Sites
No such site is located in near vicinity of proposed site.
7.3.5 Environmental and Social Emergency Contingency Plan
The environmental and social issues during construction stage, special

emergency contingency plan will be prepared by the Contractor at

construction and operation stages respectively. The plan will be prepared
for the following main items:
Availability of ambulance, first aid box, etc. at project site for carriage of
workers to the hospital in case of any accident/incident;
For firefighting arrangements during construction and operation

--stages: in case of any emergency;
Arrangements for leakage of any hazardous emissions/gasses from

industries during operation stage;
Arrangements to cater for any storm or natural disaster like earthquake,

etc.;
Arrangements for any safety and security risks, etc. and
Bomb disposal arrangements.
7.3.6 Change of Land use
The negative environmental impacts related to the change of land use would
not be involved as the improvement of roads, construction of underpasses, etc.
will be at the existing locations-lands. In addition, making provision for
plantation of trees and landscaping of the surrounding areas shall minimize
this impact. In addition, special attention shall be given to architectural design
of these structures to give better aesthetic view and to avoid negative aesthetic
impacts. Contractors shall be made bound to adopt similar measures while
establishing their construction camps in close interaction with the LDA.
There will be two other main land use changes expected in the project area during
construction, one at borrow areas and the other where the spoil/ mucking
material will be disposed. In this regard following measures shall be adopted:
Careful selection and management of the borrow areas to avoid adverse

effects, and not to create obvious scars and blemishes on the landscape;
and
Re-vegetation and landscaping of borrow areas/ disposal site consistent
with acceptable aesthetics and the surrounding landscape.
7.3.7 Disposal of Mucking Material
The spoil will be carefully examined and disposed in an environmentally

acceptable manner by transporting in enclosed containers and filling at
appropriate sites approved by the Lahore Development Authority (LDA).
It is also desirable to utilize the muck in such a way that it is consumed for the
construction of any other structure within the project or in the near vicinity.
Utilization of muck in the vicinity of the project area is considered as the best
option.

7.3.8 Vibration
Following mitigation measures should be implemented to combat the potential

vibration impacts during the construction stage.
Use of heavy machinery should be allowed in limited time only from

07.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. except for any emergency for which contractor
should take prior approval; and
Low vibration level machinery should be used and a system of regular

maintenance and repairs to be employed.
7.4 Socioeconomic Mitigation
7.4.1 Relocation of Population/ Resettlement
In case of relocation of shops and houses, physical and monetary assistance will be
given to the affectees to ensure that no significant inconvenience is caused to
anyone.
7.4.2 Disturbance to People
Before start of construction activities for the project, LDA will inform residents of
the area about detail of work, likely disturbances and their duration and as to
whom they should address their complaints. A procedure should be established to
enable the public to complain about excessive nuisance, disruption or disturbance
due to the said project. Although these disruptions will have short-term impacts
but may become severe in nature if not addressed properly.
7.4.3 Traffic Congestion in Nearby Localities
Following measures will be taken to mitigate the Impacts due to disruption of

traffic experienced during the construction period:
Coordinated planning of traffic diversions by the police and the transport

authorities and restrictions in accordance with the construction program
with advance warnings to the affected residents and road users;
Availability of continual services of the police in the diversion and control
of traffic; and
The contracting agency will be required to maintain liaison between
the Executing Agency, transport authorities and police at an early
stage.
7.4.4 Health and Safety of Workers and Public
Implementing the following measures will ensure health and safety of the workers
and the public during the construction phase:
The Contractor will ensure that construction labour is trained in safety

procedures for all relevant aspects of construction;

LDA will make regular checks that the contractor is following safe
practices; and
Formal emergency procedures will be developed for construction site for
the event of an accident.
The safety of the public at all stages of the construction will be ensured by
appropriate public education and safety measures such as use of sign boards,
barriers and flags.
7.4.5 Mitigation of the Perceived Effects
All the business affectees will be provided proper compensation for loss of their
businesses. They will be provided proper physical and monetary assistance in
settlement of their businesses at new places in order to avoid loss of their incomes.
The work shall be completed in minimum possible time adopting 24hr working
hours to minimize disturbance and inconvenience to people.
7.5 Environmental Impacts during Operation Phase
The LDA, comprising its staff having experience with environmental issues,
shall form a Committee. This Committee should have a regular check on
environmental issues and on the parameters mentioned hereunder.
7.5.1 Air Quality
During operational stage, the overall air quality will improve due to smooth flow
of
Traffic, however following mitigation measures are recommended to be adopted
for minimum deterioration of air quality:
Vehicles with excessive smoke emissions should not be allowed to enter

the project area;
Permissible limits of air pollution (as specified in the guidelines) should
be monitored on regular basis and any deviation should be taken care of;
and
Environment Protection (EPD), Punjab and traffic police will coordinate
together for implementation of mitigation measures.
7.5.2 Noise
Following mitigation measures should be taken into account in order to

minimize noise pollution:
Ban on use of pressure horns;

Proper implementation of inspection and maintenance programme for
vehicles;
Use of the radio during night by the labourers should be checked strictly;
and
Strict check on use of proper silencers especially for motorcycles and auto-
rickshaws.
Coordination between traffic police and EPD will be required to achieve the

desired results.
7.5.3 Safety of Pedestrians and Cyclists
To avoid any accidents following safety measures shall be required for the
pedestrians and cyclists:
Roadside footpaths shall be constructed for pedestrians;

Separate lane shall be allocated for the cyclists;
Create awareness among the cyclist and pedestrians to use their
allocated lanes and avoid moving in lanes allocated for fast vehicles;
and
Provision of signboards, signals and lights.
Suitable signs and barriers will be installed before the start of the project to
stop/ divert the vehicles having height more than the clearance of the project.
7.6 Environmental Mitigation Plan
The likely environmental impacts are proposed to be mitigated as mentioned

in the above parts of the study report. The proposed plan to this effect is
included in Annexure-7.3. The magnitude, nature, mitigation measures and
responsibilities of the sponsors, and others at various stage of the project is part
of the proposed plan.

Annexure-7.1
Check List Parameters-Construction Stage
Environmental Environmental Impact Minor Moderate Major

Nr. Components Issues Yes/ Negative Positive Negative Positive Negative Positive
No
1 Land Form 1 Unstable slopes or embankments? No
2 Disruption to or displacement of the soil? Yes
3 Impact to land classified as prime (Commercial)? No
4 Changes in ground contours, shorelines, stream channels, or No
river banks?
5 Destruction, covering, or modification of unique physical Yes
features?
6 Increased wind or water erosion of soils? No
7 Foreclosure on future usage of site on a long-term basis? No
2 Air/ 1 Air pollutant emissions that will exceed federal or limit province Yes
Climatology or cause deterioration of ambient air quality (e.g., Radon gas)?
2 Objectionable odors? No
3 Alteration of air movements, humidity, or temperature? No
4 Emissions of hazardous air pollutants (NO x and SO x )? Yes
3 Water 1 Discharge to a public water system? Yes

2 Changes in currents or water movements in marine or fresh No
water?
3 Changes in absorption rates, drainage patterns, or the rate and No
amount of surface water runoff?
4 Alterations to the course or flow of flood waters? No

5 Impoundment, control, or modifications of any water body equal No
to or greater than Ten (10) acres in surface area?
6 Discharges into surface water or alteration of surface water Yes
quality including, but not limited to, temperature or turbidity?
7 Alteration of the direction or rate of flow of groundwater? No
8 Alterations in groundwater quality? No
9 Contamination of public water supplies? No
10 Violation of Water Quality Standards, if applicable? No
12 Exposure of people or property to water-related hazards such as No
flooding?
4 Solid Waste 1 Generate significant solid waste or litter? Yes
5 Noise 1 Increase in existing noise levels? Yes

2 Expose people to excessive noise? Yes
6 Plant life 1 Change the diversity or productivity of species or number of any Yes
species of plants (including trees, shrubs, grass, crops, micro
flora and aquatic plants)?
2 Reduce the numbers or affect the habitat of any Provincial or No
Federally designated unique, rare, or endangered species of
Plants?
3 Introduce new species of plant into the area or create a barrier to No
the normal replenishment of existing species? (After consulting
Federal and Provincial list)
4 Reduce acreage or create damage to any agricultural crop? No
7 Animal Life 1 Reduce the habitat or numbers of any provincial or federally No

designated unique, rare, or endangered species of animals?

2 Introduce new species of animals into an area or create a barrier No
to the migration or migration or movement of animals or fish
3 Cause attraction, entrapment, or impingement of animal life? No
4 Harm existing fish and wildlife habitats? No
5 Cause emigration resulting in humanwildlife interaction No
problems?
8 Land Use 1 Substantially alter the present or planned use of an area? Yes
Natural 1 Increase the rate of usage of any natural resource? No

9 Resources
2 Substantially deplete any non-reusable natural resource? No
3 Be located in an area designated as or being considered for No
wilderness, wild and scenic river, national park, or ecological
preservation?
10 Energy 1 Use substantial amounts of fuel or energy? No

2 Substantially increase the demand on existing sources of No
energy?
Transportation 1 Movement of additional vehicles? Yes

11 and
Traffic 2 Effects on existing parking facilities or demands for new No
Circulation parking?
3 Substantial impact on existing transportation system(s)? Yes
4 Alterations to present patterns of circulation or movement of Yes
people or goods?
5 Increased traffic hazards to motor vehicles, bicyclists, or Yes
pedestrians?

12 Public Service 1 Fire protection? No
2 Schools? No
3 Other governmental services? Yes
13 Utilities 1 Power and Natural gas? Yes

2 Communications systems? Yes
3 Water? Yes
4 Sewer or septic tanks? No
5 Storm sewers? Yes
14 Population 1 Alter the location or distribution of human population in the area No
15 Accident Risk 1 Involve the risk of explosion or release of potentially hazardous No

substances including oil, pesticides, chemicals, radiation, or
other toxic substances in the event of an accident or upset
conditions?
16 Human Health 1 Create any health hazard or potential health hazard? Yes
2 Expose people to potential health hazards? Yes
17 Economic 1 Have any adverse effect on local or regional economic Yes

conditions e.g., tourism, local income levels, land values, or
employment?
18 Community 1 Potentially controversial? Yes

Reaction 2 In conflict with locally adopted environmental plans and goals? No
19 Aesthetics 1 Change any scenic vista or view open to the public? Yes

2 Create an aesthetically offensive site open to the public view No
(e.g. out of place with character or design of surrounding area)?
3 Significantly change the visual scale or character of the vicinity? Yes
20 Archaeological, 1 Alter archaeological, cultural, or historical sites, structures, Yes

Cultural and objects or buildings, either in or eligible for inclusion in the
Historical National Register
21 Hazardous 1 Involve the generation, transport, storage or disposal of any No

Waste regulated hazardous waste.

Check List Parameters-Operation Stage
Nr. Environmental Environmental Issues Impact Minor Moderate Major

Components
Yes/ Negative Positive Negative Positive Negative Positive
No
1 Land Form 1 Unstable slopes or embankments? No
2 Disruption to or displacement of the soil? No
3 Impact to land classified as prime (Commercial)? Yes
4 Changes in ground contours, shorelines, stream channels, or No
river banks?
5 Destruction, covering, or modification of unique physical No
features?
6 Increased wind or water erosion of soils? No
7 Foreclosure on future usage of site on a long-term basis? No
2 Air/ 1 Air pollutant emissions that will exceed federal or limit Yes
Climatology province or cause deterioration of ambient air quality (e.g.,
Radon gas)? (Reduction)
2 Objectionable odors? No
3 Alteration of air movements, humidity, or temperature? No
4 Emissions of hazardous air pollutants (NO x and SO x )? Yes
(Reduction)
3 Water 1 Discharge to a public water system? No

2 Changes in currents or water movements in marine or fresh No
water?
3 Changes in absorption rates, drainage patterns, or the rate Yes
and amount of surface water runoff?
4 Alterations to the course or flow of flood waters? Yes

5 Impoundment, control, or modifications of any water body No
equal to or greater than Ten (10) acres in surface area?
6 Discharges into surface water or alteration of surface water Yes
quality including, but not limited to, temperature or
turbidity?
7 Alteration of the direction or rate of flow of groundwater? No
8 Alterations in groundwater quality? No
9 Contamination of public water supplies? No
10 Violation of Water Quality Standards, if applicable? No
4 Solid Waste 1 Generate significant solid waste or litter? No
5 Noise 1 Decrease in existing noise levels? Yes

2 Expose people to excessive noise? (Reduction in time of Yes
Exposure)
6 Plant life 1 Change the diversity or productivity of species or number of No

any species of plants (including trees, shrubs, grass, crops,
micro flora and aquatic plants)?
2 Reduce the numbers or affect the habitat of any Provincial or No
Federally designated unique, rare, or endangered species of
Plants?
3 Introduce new species of plant into the area or create a barrier No
to the normal replenishment of existing species? (After
consulting Federal and Provincial list)
4 Reduce acreage or create damage to any agricultural crop? No
7 Animal Life 1 Reduce the habitat or numbers of any provincial or federally No

designated unique, rare, or endangered species of animals?

2 Introduce new species of animals into an area or create a No
barrier to the migration or migration or movement of animals
or fish
3 Cause attraction, entrapment, or impingement of animal life? No
4 Harm existing fish and wildlife habitats? No
5 Cause emigration resulting in humanwildlife interaction No
problems?
8 Land Use 1 Substantially alter the present or planned use of an area? Yes
(Commercialization on both sides of the roads)
Natural 1 Increase the rate of usage of any natural resource? No

9 Resources
2 Substantially deplete any non-reusable natural resource? No
10 Energy 1 Use substantial amounts of fuel or energy? No

2 Substantially increase the demand on existing sources of No
energy?
Transportation 1 Movement of additional vehicles? Yes

11 and
Traffic 2 Effects on existing parking facilities or demands for new No
Circulation parking?
3 Substantial impact on existing transportation system(s)? Yes
4 Alterations to present patterns of circulation or movement of Yes
people or goods?
5 Increased traffic hazards to motor vehicles, bicyclists, or Yes
pedestrians?
12 Public Service 1 Fire protection? No

2 Schools? Yes

3 Other governmental services? Yes
13 Utilities 1 Power and Natural gas? No

2 Communications systems? No
3 Water? No
4 Sewer or septic tanks? No
5 Storm sewers? No
14 Population 1 Alter the location or distribution of human population in the Yes

area
15 Accident Risk 1 Involve the risk of explosion or release of potentially No

hazardous substances including oil, pesticides, chemicals,
radiation, or other toxic substances in the event of an accident
or upset conditions?
16 Human Health 1 Create any health hazard or potential health hazard? No

2 Expose people to potential health hazards? No
17 Economic 1 Have any adverse effect on local or regional economic Yes

conditions e.g., tourism, local income levels, land values, or
employment?
18 Community 1 Potentially controversial? Yes

Reaction 2 In conflict with locally adopted environmental plans and No
goals?
19 Aesthetics 1 Change any scenic vista or view open to the public? Yes

2 Create an aesthetically offensive site open to the public view No
(e.g. out of place with character or design of surrounding
area)?
3 Significantly change the visual scale or character of the Yes
vicinity?
20 Archaeological, 1 Alter archaeological, cultural, or historical sites, structures, Yes

Cultural and objects or buildings, either in or eligible for inclusion in the
Historical National Register
21 Hazardous 1 Involve the generation, transport, storage or disposal of any No

Waste regulated hazardous waste.

Annexure-7.2

En-Route (average situation)
No. Correction Unit Emmisions Correction Unit Emmisions (kg) Correction Unit Emmisions (kg)
Km/hr 1 km/vehicle Factor (g/km) Running Kg. Factor (g/km) Running Total Factor (g/km) Running Total
1 Cars 2183 70 2183 0.4134 22.90 20.67 20.67 0.5702 1.88 2.34 2.34 1.1948 2.83 7.38 7.38
2 Pick-ups 265 60 265 0.4855 22.90 2.95 2.95 0.6190 1.88 0.31 0.31 1.1445 2.83 0.86 0.86
3 Coasters 1080 60 1080 1.0000 13.20 14.26 14.26 1.0000 2.50 2.70 2.70 1.0000 0.99 1.07 1.07
4 Hiace Wagon 3504 60 3504 0.3969 13.20 18.36 18.36 0.6205 2.50 5.44 5.44 1.2630 13.4 59.30 59.30
5 Buses 948 60 948 0.3969 13.20 4.97 4.97 0.6205 2.50 1.4706 1.4706 1.2630 13.4 16.04 16.04
7 Trucks 130 50 130 0.5083 13.20 0.87 0.87 0.6906 2.50 0.2244 0.2244 1.2145 13.4 2.12 2.12
8 Trailer 69 50 69 0.5083 13.20 0.46 0.46 0.6906 2.50 0.1191 0.1191 1.2145 13.4 1.12 1.12
9 Rikshaw 1624 40 1624 0.6753 17.00 18.64 18.64 0.7957 9.90 12.7922 12.7922 1.1416 0.075 0.14 0.14
10 Motorcycle 2499 40 2499 0.6753 17.00 28.69 28.69 0.7957 9.90 19.6845 19.6845 1.1416 0.075 0.21 0.21

En-Route (average situation)
1 Cars 3733 60 3733 0.4855 22.90 41.50 41.50 0.6190 1.88 4.34 4.34 1.1445 2.83 12.09 12.09
2 Pick-ups 455 50 455 0.5979 22.90 6.23 6.23 0.7024 1.88 0.60 0.60 1.0943 2.83 1.41 1.41
3 Coasters 1849 50 1849 1.0000 13.20 24.41 24.41 1.0000 2.50 4.62 4.62 1.0000 0.99 1.83 1.83
4 Hiace Wagon 5994 50 5994 0.5083 13.20 40.21 40.21 0.6906 2.50 10.35 10.35 1.2145 13.4 97.55 97.55
5 Buses 1623 50 1623 0.5083 13.20 10.89 10.89 0.6906 2.50 2.8019 2.8019 1.2145 13.4 26.41 26.41
7 Trucks 224 40 224 0.6753 13.20 2.00 2.00 0.7957 2.50 0.4456 0.4456 1.1416 13.4 3.43 3.43
8 Trailer 118 40 118 0.6753 13.20 1.05 1.05 0.7957 2.50 0.2347 0.2347 1.1416 13.4 1.81 1.81
9 Rikshaw 2778 30 2778 0.9536 17.00 45.04 45.04 0.9708 9.90 26.6993 26.6993 1.0202 0.075 0.21 0.21
10 Motorcycle 4277 30 4277 0.9536 17.00 69.34 69.34 0.9708 9.90 41.1062 41.1062 1.0202 0.075 0.33 0.33
Total 21173 21173 242.20 242.20 91.50 91 146.73 147

Annexure-7.3
Environmental Mitigation Plan
Time &
Environmenta Magnitude of
Project Activity Potential Impact Location of the Mitigation Measures Responsibility
l Receptor the Impact
Impact
1. Land Socio- Removal of Prior to the Moderate Any social issues, if raised, will Sponsor was
Acquisition and economic encroachment, construction be duly addressed. responsible for
Resettlement permanent and work compensations
temporary
structures (e.g.,
houses etc.)
2. Socio- Interference with Start of Minor Camp site to be selected after LDA
Establishment economic local communities, construction careful reconnaissance so as to
of Construction hindrance and phase/At minimize the social and physical
Camp. nuisance for local designated camp disruption to local communities
dwellers, increase site(s) and road users.
in street crime rate Setting up of a complaint office
and drugs etc. for public complaints registration
and advertisement of the
grievance redress mechanism.
Contractor to appoint a camp site
in charge to ensure compliance
with instruction from Sponsor.
Physical Generation of solid Construction Minor Ensure training of all LDA
waste and operation housekeeping staff on waste
periods/Camp management
sites Solid waste collection,
segregation and disposal

Time &
Impact
mechanism to be in place and
communicated to all concerned
Solid waste generated at

campsites will be stored on site
temporarily and will be
transported out of the project
area to designated waste disposal
sites
Recyclable material will be taken
out of the waste stream for
recycling. All recyclable waste
(e.g., paper, packaging material,
plastics, aluminum foils etc.) to
be collected, and sold locally for
re-use into respective recycling
industry
Non-recyclable combustible
wastes will be collected and
properly incinerated at a location
away from inhabited area.
No open burning to be allowed
in the vicinity of the project area.
Arrangements for composting of
green waste in a properly
designed composting facility.

Time &
Impact
Generation of Construction Minor The NEQS limits of disposal into LDA
liquid waste and operations inland waters will be achieved
periods/Camp and maintained.
sites Sanitary wastewater to be
discharged to the sewerage
system and ultimately treated by
sewage treatment plant.
In the absence of sanitary sewers
and sewage treatment plant,
engineered facilities including
septic tanks and drain fields for
disposal of sanitary wastewater
will be developed.
Wastewater effluent will be
passed through gravel/sand beds
to remove oil/grease
contaminants before discharging
it into natural streams
All mitigation measures related
to water conservation and
minimization shall be adhered to
during camp operation. This will
indirectly result in minimizing
wastewater discharge
2. Clearance of Biological Loss of top soil Construction Minor Topsoil removed from a portion LDA
RoW period/All of the green belt to clear RoW
buildings & will be separately stored.

Time &
Impact
service road This topsoil will be re-used
locations during site rehabilitation.
Loss of vegetation Construction Moderate if Project design facilitates avoiding LDA through
period/Green mitigated, tree cutting in the median and coordination
belt Significant along project site. More trees are with Punjab-EPA
otherwise being planted than have to be
removed.
The extent of clearance of RoW to
be clearly marked/taped
Wherever possible, the existing
mature or perennial indigenous
species will be relocated on
selected sites thereby reducing
the total count of tree felling
Each indigenous/exotic tree fell
to be compensated with
indigenous species in a ratio of
1:10
3. Preparation Physical Limitations on Construction Minor As far as possible, construction LDA
of Sub access to the period/All along work will be coordinated such
grade/sub base destinations of the project road that one carriageway at a time is
and water road users upgraded on any one section,
bound leaving the other available to
macadam serve the dual traffic.
Physical Excessive water Construction Groundwater wells, if installed, LDA
abstraction/use period/All along will be spaced more than 75 m
the project road from surrounding wells

Time &
Impact
Individual pumping at
household level will be stopped
after having centralized water
supply system
Discharge from ground water
wells (if installed) will be
measured on monthly basis
4. Laying of Physical Emission of dust Construction Minor Equipping asphalt, hot mix and LDA
asphalt wearing and fumes from Period/All along batching plants with dust control
surface asphalt plant the project roads equipment such as fabric filters
or wet scrubbers to reduce the
level of dust emissions.
Ensuring that haul-trucks
carrying asphalt-concrete mix
and/or aggregate fill materials
are kept covered with tarpaulin
to help contain fumes and dust.
5. Construction Physical Blockage of Construction Minor Drainage structures should be LDA
of Underpasses- natural drainage period designed at appropriate slopes
structures patterns The structures will be designed at
maximum return period to
accommodate maximum surface
runoff
Drainage structures will be of
concrete base to avoid any
ground water contamination

Time &
Impact
Biological Loss of vegetation Construction Moderate Drainage structures will be LDA
period constructed in a manner that loss
of vegetation is minimized
Restrict project activities and
project personnel to work areas
only
Only marked trees will be cut
A re-vegetation plan will be
implemented to compensate for
the inevitable loss.
6. Construction Biological Loss of top soil Construction Moderate Topsoil removed from a project LDA
of Structures period site will be separately stored.
This topsoil will be re-used
during site rehabilitation.
Physical High levels of dust Construction Moderate Reuse the construction material. LDA
(SPM), Noise, period Ensure use of dust masks by
Generation of workers
Construction Reduce exposure by employing
Waste minimum number of personnel
during the activity.
Sprinkle water during crushing
to reduce dust
All sign boards, flags, wires, tents
etc. will be removed from the
camp site

Time &
Impact
All temporary waste
collection/treatment
arrangements to be dismantled
Rainwater Harvesting will be
introduced at each household
level
Besides centralized treatment
plant, separate septic tank will be
ensured to build in each house.
Biological Introduction of Post Project Minor The topsoil will be used for re LDA
invasive species vegetation of indigenous species
during site Monitoring and reporting of re
restoration vegetation plan
Implementation of
recommendations mentioned in
the monitoring reports
Socio- Safety issues Post Project Minor Impose speed limits for HTV (20 LDA
economic arising out of km/hr) and LTV (30 km/hr)
increased traffic Marking of pedestrian crossings
volume Speed breakers will be
constructed at critical pedestrian
crossings

SECTION 8
ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND
MONITORING PLAN
8.1 Environmental Management
Management and monitoring of the environment during construction and

operation of the project, are inevitable to ensure its un-contamination. For this
purpose Environmental Management and Monitoring Committee (EMMC)
will be established by LDA. The Committee will develop operational
guidelines and implementation schedule as well as will ensure compliance
with the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQs) during the
construction and operation stages. Qualified personnel will man LDA with the
adequate experience. The committee will function under the management of
the EMMC.
For effective management, LDA shall assign responsibilities to Environmental

Management and Monitoring Committee (LDA), who shall be responsible for
Environmental Monitoring of the Project.
The Contractor will be responsible for execution of the Project under

supervision of the LDA. The Contractor shall be obliged to follow the contract
documents and apply good construction techniques and methodology without
harming the environment. Obligation of the contractor to safeguard, mitigate
and rehabilitate the environment should be addressed seriously.
8.2 Environmental, & Social Management
8.2.1 Monitoring Framework Guidelines
The proposed guidelines are included in Table-8.1.
Section-8, Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 137

Table-8.1, Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring
Framework Guidelines
Environmental Guidelines Responsibility

Water and Waste Water Proponent /
Install a separate drinking water storage tank of at least 4 Environmen
hours supply, based on consumption pattern / needs tal Manger
Carryout periodic cleaning and disinfection of the drinking
water storage tank, at least after every 6 months
Use recommended disinfectants only
Carryout regular and periodic laboratory testing of
groundwater /drinking water quality
Install water filters, if required on the basis laboratory testing
Ensure proper working of the septic tank for treatment of
toilets/wastewater.
Solid waste Proponent /

Avoid spillage of feed onto the floor. Any spillage be Environmen
immediately picked and disposed into a proper receptacle tal
Install a receptacle of -appropriate capacity- for the stage Manger
of spilled feed
Pace garbage collection bins at appropriate places in the
office block and the residential colony.
The organic waste be securely disposed of into a nearby
compost trench,
If any composting trench available, then a new one be
constructed.
Carryout disinfection of the garbage collection bins by
regularly sprinkle with powered lime.
Solid waste/ manure from the sheds be disposed of in a
secure manner by sale to intended buyers.
Air quality and landscape etc. Proponent /

Sweep the floors and the outer sheds areas after light Environmen
sprinkling with water tal Manger
Develop green areas by carrying out grassing and planting
of shrubs and flowering plants at open spaces
Liaise with the Forest Department for obtaining and
planting trees and Proponent / Environmental Manger
vegetative cover during / each plantation season. Protect
saplings by observing the recommended water schedule
and trimming
Avoid open burning and open dumping of solid waste
either in the farms premises or in the vicinity.
Ensure proper functioning of the effluent and wastewater
drainage system.

Worksite Safety, Health, and Hygiene Proponent /
Ensure leaning of the water dips and presence of water up Environmen
to desired level therein tal Manger
Keep the firefighting arrangements handing and
periodically check then adequacy.
Educate and train the workers for dealing with an
emergency as per management plan.
Store the medicines, and diesel for generators securely and
designated laces.
Environmental Guidelines Responsibility
Carry out regular medical checkups of the works
especially those working inside the hatchery.
Ensure personal hygiene of the works by asking the
Medical Doctor by inspecting their nails, hair, clothing,
washing habits and appearance.
Display telephone numbers of the local rescue agency at
prominent places.
Direct the workers to observe necessary security
precautions while working on any machine or electricity
equipment.
8.2.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
The proposed plan is included in Table-8.2. and Table-8.3

Table-8.2, Environmental Management Plan (Construction Stage)
Project Component Target Action Responsibility
Nr.
or Impact
A. Construction Stage
1. Disturbance to the Minimum disturbance to everyday Inform residents of the area about detail of work,
people life of people likely disturbances, and their duration and to CC and LDA
whom they should address their complaints.
Establishing good community relationship so that
any disruption can be resolved with due
consideration of community
2. Surface and ground Minimize surface and ground water Proper arrangement for collection of oil base CC and LDA
water contamination from oil base products products
contamination
3. Wastewater Minimize wastewater discharges at Proper treatment before its disposal into water CC and LDA
discharges workers camps and due to sanitary courses
waste at site
4 Disposal of To dispose of excavated material in Transporting in enclosed containers CC and LDA
mucking material an environmentally acceptable The mucking material should be filled in layers
manner and properly rolled and sprinkled to avoid any
negative environmental impacts
Utilization of mucking material for construction of
temporary access roads/ passage

5 Dust Dust problems are avoided Construction activities causing dust will not be CC and LDA
carried out on excessively windy days.
Excavation work will be sprayed with water
To cover stockpiles of excavated material with
tarpaulins
Provide construction workers with masks and
train them for their use
6. Air Pollution To minimize the degradation of Waste not to be burnt on site CC and LDA
ambient air quality Minimize exhaust emissions from Construction
machinery, vehicles and generators.
7. Noise Noise nuisance is avoided Selection of up to date, well maintained plant with CC and LDA
reduced noise levels ensured by suitable in built
devices
Confining noisy work to normal working hours in
the day.
Providing the construction workers with suitable
hearing protection and training them in its use.
8. Flora Re-vegetation Re-vegetation of trees that were cut during the CC, LDA and PHA
project should be carried out.
Notes:
CC Construction Contractor
LDA. Lahore Development Authority
PLDC Punjab Land Development Company
EPD Environment Protection Department
PHA Parks and Horticulture Authority

Table- 8.3, Environmental Management Plan (Operation Stage)
Project Component Target Action Responsibility

Nr.
or Impact
B. Operation Stage
1. Air Quality Ensure that the pollution level does Regular monitoring of vehicular emissions EPD
not exceed the limit Impose fine on vehicles emitting gaseous emissions
beyond the prescribed limit
2. Noise To minimize noise levels Ban use of pressure horns EPD

Proper implementation of inspection and
maintenance program for vehicles
Strict check on use of proper silencers especially for
motor cycles and rickshaws
3. Safety of To avoid chances of accidents Provide roadside footpaths LDA
pedestrians and To provide separate lanes for the cyclists
Cyclists To provide safety measures in case of emergency
To create social awareness among cyclists and
pedestrians; for proper usage of footpaths and lanes
allocated for both of them to avoid any accidents
with fast moving vehicles
Notes:
CC Construction Contractor
LDA. Communication and Works Department Government of Punjab
EPD Environment Protection Department
PHA Parks and Horticulture Authority

8.3 Management and Monitoring
8.3.1 During Construction Phase
At the outset of construction, plans will be made by LDA for the conservation of
the existing environmental resources and abatement of the pollution in the area,
which will occur due to the constructional activities. These plans will be
implemented during the construction. Simultaneously, it will be ensured that
significant negative and adverse impacts of the construction are satisfactorily
mitigated by monitoring environmental parameters, including mentioned
hereunder.
a. Air Quality
Air quality will be monitored regularly by direct measurement of sensitive air

pollution parameters like particulate matters, NOx and SOx. The particulate
matters will be specifically monitored. Dust will be generated by site cleaning,
leveling, grading, excavation, backfilling, and movement of traffic and handling
of construction materials. Whenever the quantity of particulate matters is found
higher than the NEQ limits, it will be controlled by sprinkling of water on open
surfaces and covering of materials, etc.
b. Noise
Incidence of noise will also be monitored, and proper measures will be taken to
keep it within NEQ standard limits. When the noise cannot be avoided or
controlled, hearing protection devices will be provided to the workers exposed to
high level of noise exceeding 85 dB(A) or damage risk criteria for hearing loss
mentioned in Section (4).
c. Water and Effluent Quality
Chemical and microbiological tests will be carried out on water and effluent
samples to determine the requirement and extent of treatment. Adequate
treatment will be given to maintain the quality as per NEQ standards, and to
ensure that potable water is supplied for drinking purposes and effluents
produced are hygienically disposed.
d. Solid Waste
Collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste, generated during

construction will be monitored by LDA to see that the environment is not
adversely affected. LDA will also monitor handling, storage, transportation and
disposal of hazardous solid wastes during and immediately after construction
activities.

e. Human Health and Safety
Inexperience coupled with unawareness of mechanical and electrical equipment

and waste products scattered on the site can cause injuries to the workers, LDA
will monitor training program for the workers for emergency situations. Provision
of first aid facilities and use of personal protection devices like helmets and long
boots will be ensured. Entry of persons not wearing the protection devices, or of
unauthorized person and animals within the construction site will not be allowed.
The management and monitoring program during construction phase is given in

Table 5.1, which should be coordinated by LDA with other agencies before start
of the construction work.
f. Aesthetics and Natural Environment
The LDA will monitor that the construction activities do not disturb the aesthetics
and natural environment, to the extent avoidable, trees will not be cut, vegetation
will not be damaged. Any activities of the nearly residents, which are likely to
affect the environment, will be brought to the knowledge of competent authority
for necessary action.
8.3.2 During Operation Phase
The LDA will compile and maintain the environmental data and records gathered
during the construction phase for reference during the operation phase. The LDA
will coordinate with government departments and agencies like Traffic
Engineering and Planning Agency (TEPA), Lahore, City District Government,
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Punjab, etc. for management and
monitoring with respect to air quality, noise and traffic. A comprehensive record
of all the measurements made and actions taken will be compiled and maintained.
a. Air Quality
The LDA will organize monitoring of air quality and effects of exhaust from
vehicles using the project, in collaboration with the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), Punjab. Sensitive parameters including NOx, SOx and particulate
matters will be monitored and measures, as necessary, will be taken to keep them
within the limits set by National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQs).
b. Noise
Noise will be generated due to the vehicular movement and blowing of pressure
horns.
The noise levels will be monitored to see whether they are within NEQ standard
limits. When they are found to exceed NEQ limits and disturb nearby settlements,

noise abatement measures, like plantation of trees, installation of noise
dampening and absorbing media and construction of wall barriers will be taken.
Blowing of horns will be controlled through mass awareness programs and by the
local police.
The movement of traffic will be monitored at the entering and leaving points of
project. Records of traffic movement will be maintained which will help in
correlating the noise and air pollution with traffic type and intensity.
The management and monitoring program during the operation of project is

given in Table 5.2.
c. Aesthetics and Natural Environment
The LDA will monitor that aesthetics and natural environment in the area. Tree
plantation will be done as per the directives of the Ministry of Environment and
Urban Affairs. Plants and shrubs with minimum water requirements will be
selected. Any activity of the nearby residents, like disposal of waste in the area,
which affects the environment, will be brought to the knowledge of the competent
authority for necessary action.
8.4 Staff and Training
Environmental Management and Monitoring Committee and Its Responsibilities

Lahore Development Authority, Lahore will set up an Environmental
Management and Monitoring Committee and will have full-time environment
protection management staff, responsible for the environment protection
management and supervision affairs during construction and operation phase of
the project.
The responsibilities of the Environmental and Management and Monitoring

Committee (LDA) are as follows:
To organize routine monitoring of motor vehicle emissions, traffic

noise and vibration;
To develop operational guidelines and implementation schedule;
To recommend further scientific research projects and treatment
engineering based on the problems emerged during the operation of
the Project;
Assisting Government Agencies to deal with the emergency response
for traffic accidents related to pollution, e.g. hazardous chemical spills;
and
Receiving complaints from residents and institutions and assisting the
local environmental authority.

8.5 Equipment and Instruments
Facilities for monitoring of the air quality are available with Environmental
Protection Department of Punjab and will be utilized for comprehensive
monitoring during different stages of the Project.
8.6 Technical Training Programs
In order to raise the level of professional and managerial staff, they need to
upgrade their knowledge in the related areas.
Contractors environmental awareness and appropriate knowledge of

environmental protection is critical to the successful implementation of the EMP
because without appropriate environmental awareness and knowledge and skills
required for the implementation of the mitigation measures, it would be difficult
for contractor(s) to implement effective environmental protection measures. A
domestic training program is proposed to train contractors who will be involved
in the construction and professional staff from managerial organization involving
in operation.
8.7 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared for the effective
implementation and management of the mitigation measures, Table-8. The EMP
satisfied the requirement of the Pakistan Initial Environmental Examination and
Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations (Rules), 2000.
Environmental Monitoring is normally undertaken during both construction and

operation phases to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures.
Response to unanticipated environmental concerns at an early stage and to
determine the accuracy of impact predictions is also required. Specific monitoring
program are outlined below as well as responsibilities for the collection and
analysis of data and the reporting requirements.
The purposes of the environmental monitoring plan comprise:

a. To evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures;
b. Respond to unanticipated environmental impacts when the Project is
under construction; and
c. Make regulations and improve traffic management and environmental
controls, based on monitoring data. Environmental Protection Department
Punjab will undertake the monitoring.
8.7.1 Construction Phase
Monitoring frequency will be once in a season in the construction phase at the

representative locations for each site. The following parameters shall be
monitored.

1. Noise
2. CO
3. HC
4. NMETH-HC
5. NO X
6. Ozone
7. SO 2
8. Total Suspended Particle
8.7.2 Operation Phase
Monitoring frequency will be after every 3 months in the operation phase. The
same parameters is as given above will be monitored, Table-8.4.

Table-8.4, Environmental Monitoring Plan
Monitoring
Env. Project Institutional
Parameters Special Guidance Standards
Component Stage Location Frequency Duration Responsibility
Pre- PM10 SO2 Monitoring at 15 m WHO Air Project 3 8-hr Continuous Contractor
Construction NO, CO, from the edge of Quality site Samples per day, 24 hours/or. through
HC,O3 pavement downwind Guideline, once per fortnight for 1 full approved
USEPA for 1 month. working day monitoring
NAAQS agency
Construction PM10 SO2 High volume sampler to WHO Air Project 3 8-hr samples per Continuous Contractor
Stage NO, CO, be located 50 m from Quality site day, once every 24 hours or through
HC,O3 the plant in the Guideline, season during for 1 full approved
downwind direction. USEPA construction period. working day monitoring
Use method specified by NAAQS agency
USEPA for analysis.
Air PM10 High volume sampler to WHO Air Project 3 samples per week, Continuous 24 Contractor
be located 40 m from Quality site once every month hours/or for 1 through
the plant in the Guideline, During construction full working approved
downwind direction. USEPA period. day monitoring
Use method specified by NAAQS agency
USEPA for analysis.
Operation PM10 SO2 High volume sampler to WHO Air Project 3 sample per week Continuous Environmental
Stage NO2, be located 15 m from Quality site for each section 24 hours Unit
CO, HO the edge of pavement. Guideline, every 4 month until
USEPA 2025.
NAAQS

Monitoring
Environ. Project Institutional
Component Stage Responsibility
Location Frequency Duration
Pre- pH, BOD, Grab sample collected WHO Near Once a fortnight Contractor
Construction COD, TDS, from source and analyze Drinking project Before construction through
TSS, DO, Oil & as per Standard Methods Water quality site starts approved
Grease, Pb, for Examination of Water Guidelines monitoring
Chlorides, zinc, and Wastewater - agency
cadmium,
total coliforms,
and faecal
coliforms
Construction pH, BOD, Grab sample collected WHO Project Once every month Contractor
stage COD, TDS, from source and analyze Drinking site during of through
TSS, DO, Oil & as per Standard Methods Water construction period. approved
Grease, Pb, for Examination of Water quality monitoring
Water Chlorides, and Wastewater Guidelines agency
zinc, cadmium, -
Quality
total coliforms,
and faecal
coliforms
Operation pH, BOD, Grab sample collected WHO Project End of summer Proponent
stage COD, TDS, from source and analyze Drinking site before the onset of
TSS, DO, Oil & as per Standard Methods Water Monsoon every
Grease, Pb, for Examination of quality year.
Chlorides, Water and Wastewater Guidelines -
zinc, cadmium,
total coliforms,
and faecal
coliforms

Env. Project Monitoring Institutional
Component Stage Location Frequency Duration Responsibility
Pre- Noise levels on Equivalent noise levels WHO Noise Project 24 hours, 1 to 2 Reading to be Contractor
Construction dB(A) scale using an integrated noise Guidelines. site weeks before start of taken at 15 through
level meter kept at a construction. seconds approved
distance of 15 from edge interval for 15 monitoring
of pavement minutes every agency
hour and then
Averaged.
Construction Noise levels on Equivalent noise levels WHO Noise Project 24 hours every four Reading to be Contractor
Stage dB(A) scale using an integrated noise Guidelines site month during taken at 15 through
level meter kept at a PEPA construction phase. seconds approved
Noise Levels distance of 15m. interval for 15 monitoring
minutes every agency
hour and then
averaged.
Operation Noise levels on Equivalent noise levels WHO Noise Project Once every Reading to be Proponent
Stage dB(A) scale using an integrated noise Guidelines. site year. taken at 15
level meter kept at a seconds
distance of 15 m from interval for 15
edge of pavement minutes every
hour and then
averaged.

Construction Monitoring of Sample of soil Threshold Project Max. 5 locations Contractor
Stage Pb, Cr, Cd collected, acidified for each site During construction through an
and analyzed using contaminant approved
atomic absorption set by IRIS monitoring
Soil spectrophotometry database of agency
USEPA until
national
standards
are
promulgated

8.8 Responsibilities for Monitoring and Reporting
The EPD will be responsible for Environmental Monitoring and reporting

throughout the construction and operation phases. Other institutions responsible
for aspects related to monitoring and legal action include the EPD and they will
provide relevant input to the monitoring reports.
A report will be prepared quarterly and one comprehensive report will be

produced annually. Contents of the report will include results of environmental
monitoring in comparison to standards for the various parameter, location and
sampling time, statistics, analysis and evaluation, and signature. One report will
be submitted to each of the following authorities and institutions:
LDA
EPD
PHA
8.9 Environmental Action Plan
The Environmental Action Plan provides the framework for the implementation
of mitigating measures and environmental management and monitoring during
the construction and operation of the project. This document detail all
commitments made in the EIA Report and can be used as a reference document
to ensure all environmental protection measures are implemented. This annotated
outline demonstrates the type of information, which will be included in the
proposed Environmental Action Plan.

SECTION 9
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1 Environmental Issues & Mitigations
The EIA report concludes that the project of Improvement of Roads and Crossings
along the alignment may result in some temporary negative environmental
impacts during construction stage. The likely negative impacts including nuisance
hazards to neighboring areas:
Air pollution due to particulate material on account of dust, emissions

from machinery, etc. thereby affecting adversely the air quality with bad
impacts on the nearby population and commuters;
Noise issues due to working of construction machinery on the project;
Impacts related to Contractors camp(s);
Storage of construction material;
Accident Risks; and
Health and safety of workmen and neighbors etc.
The mitigation measures for the said likely negative impacts have been suggested.
The study concludes that the project does not involve any long term irreversible
negative impacts. Most of the negative impacts identified in the study are
temporary and manageable through:
Implementing Environmental Management Plan; and

Providing monitoring arrangements and resources during design,
construction and operation stages of the project.
9.2 Benefits of the Project
The project will have several benefits including;
Savings in time due to un-interrupted traffic flow;

Savings in Vehicle Operating Costs;
Generation of direct and indirect job opportunities benefiting the local labour
by increasing their per capita income;
Improvement in the present environmental conditions;
Enhancement of standard of living of people and socio economic conditions
in the area/city; and
Expanded and upgraded urban environmental infrastructure in respect of
roads thereby fulfilling the requirements of increasing traffic volumes in the
city in general and the project area in particular.
9.3 LDAs / Consultants Obligations
The LDA through its Consultants will ensure that implementation of

Environmental Management Plan is achieved so as to minimize the negative
Section-9, Conclusions and Recommendations 153

impacts of the project during its implementation, therefore proper monitoring
would be necessitated.
In addition, the Environment Department will frequently monitor that the

management plan is working as prescribed.
9.4 Contractors Obligations
The obligations of the Contract which would be part of the Contract stipulation
include:
a. Environmental Mitigation Measures
The Contractor should carry out the mitigation measures according to the
guidelines and satisfaction of the LDA/its Consultants. In addition, the
Environmental Management and Monitoring will achieved as per Environmental
Management and Monitoring Plans.
b. Existing Infrastructure / Utilities
The Contractor should make necessary arrangements to protect the existing

Infrastructure / Utilities and if not avoidable should make good at his own
expense damage done to the existing utilities.
c. First Aid facilities
The Contractor should arrange first aid facilities at site for emergency purpose.
Contractor should designate one of the staff members to act as lead person for
emergency response and safety issues.
d. Health and Safety of Workers
The Contractor should make arrangements for the health and safety of the
workers and general public by; providing safety equipment such as helmets,
gloves, safety harnesses etc.; erection of safety signage at potentially dangerous
working areas; making proper lighting arrangements should for night shift
working; providing insurance against accidental death and injuries to workers
and public; restricting public and animal access to construction site by providing
fence on the periphery.
e. Employment of Local Personnel
The Contractor should, subject to availability and workability, employ maximum

number of workers from local area.
f. Disposal of Waste
The Contractor should in consultation with and with the approval of Resident
Engineer (RE) of the Sub-project select and abide by the selection, sites for disposal
of waste construction material, solid waste and waste water.

g. Location of Camps, etc.
The Contractor shall locate Labor Camps, Material Depots, Equipment and
Machinery Yards, approach roads and routes etc. As per the site situation that
does not affect the normal life of the end users.
h. Socio-economic and Cultural Values and Heritage
The Contractor is required to:
i. Ensure that no damage or disruption is caused to the social infrastructure

or public services presently available to the people e.g., education, health,
electricity supply, drinking water supply facilities for public gathering or
religious congregations.
ii. Ensure that existing ownership of land around the project is respected.
iii. Ensure that if some construction material, has to be procured from or
through a member of local community, it must be by a proper Social
Framework Agreement.
iv. Ensure that no damage or adverse effect is caused to archaeological
(present or chance find) sites, graveyards and burial places.
v. Ensure that privacy of local women is respected and any violator is strictly
disciplined
The said obligations will of course be part of the Contract documents.

Appendix-A
World Bank OP 4.01
These policies were prepared for use by World Bank staff and are not necessarily a complete
treatment of the subject.
Content of an Environmental Assessment Report for a Category A Project
1. An environmental assessment (EA) report for a Category A project1 focuses on the
significant environmental issues of a project. The report's scope and level of detail
should be commensurate with the project's potential impacts. The report submitted to
the Bank is prepared in English, French, or Spanish, and the executive summary in
English.
2. The EA report should include the following items (not necessarily in the order
shown):
(a) Executive summary. Concisely discusses significant findings and

recommended actions.
(b) Policy, legal, and administrative framework. Discusses the policy, legal, and
administrative framework within which the EA is carried out. Explains the
environmental requirements of any cofinanciers. Identifies relevant international
environmental agreements to which the country is a party.
(c) Project description. Concisely describes the proposed project and its
geographic, ecological, social, and temporal context, including any offsite
investments that may be required (e.g., dedicated pipelines, access roads, power
plants, water supply, housing, and raw material and product storage facilities).
Indicates the need for any resettlement plan or indigenous peoples development
plan2 (see also subpara. (h)(v) below). Normally includes a map showing the
project site and the project's area of influence.
(d) Baseline data. Assesses the dimensions of the study area and describes
relevant physical, biological, and socioeconomic conditions, including any
changes anticipated before the project commences. Also takes into account
current and proposed development activities within the project area but not
directly connected to the project. Data should be relevant to decisions about
project location, design, operation, or mitigatory measures. The section indicates
the accuracy, reliability, and sources of the data.
(e) Environmental impacts. Predicts and assesses the project's likely positive and
negative impacts, in quantitative terms to the extent possible. Identifies
mitigation measures and any residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated.
Explores opportunities for environmental enhancement. Identifies and estimates
the extent and quality of available data, key data gaps, and uncertainties
associated with predictions, and specifies topics that do not require further
attention.
(f) Analysis of alternatives.3 Systematically compares feasible alternatives to the
Section-3, Environmental Standards and Guidelines, Appendix-A 1

proposed project site, technology, design, and operationincluding the
"without project" situationin terms of their potential environmental impacts;
the feasibility of mitigating these impacts; their capital and recurrent costs; their
suitability under local conditions; and their institutional, training, and
monitoring requirements. For each of the alternatives, quantifies the
environmental impacts to the extent possible, and attaches economic values
where feasible. States the basis for selecting the particular project design
proposed and justifies recommended emission levels and approaches to
pollution prevention and abatement.
(g) Environmental management plan (EMP). Covers mitigation measures,

monitoring, and institutional strengthening; see outline in OP 4.01.
(h) Appendixes
(i) List of EA report preparersindividuals and organizations.
(ii) Referenceswritten materials both published and

unpublished, used in study preparation.
(iii) Record of interagency and consultation meetings, including
consultations for obtaining the informed views of the affected
people and local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The
record specifies any means other than consultations (e.g., surveys)
that were used to obtain the views of affected groups and local
NGOs.
(iv) Tables presenting the relevant data referred to or summarized
in the main text.
(v) List of associated reports (e.g., resettlement plan or indigenous
peoples development plan).
____________
1. The EA report for a Category A project is normally an environmental impact

assessment, with elements of other instruments included as appropriate. Any
report for a Category A operation uses the components described in this annex,
but Category A sectoral and regional EA require a different perspective and
emphasis among the components. The Environment Sector Board can provide
detailed guidance on the focus and components of the various EA instruments.
2. See OP/BP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement (forthcoming), and OD 4.20, Indigenous
Peoples.
3. Environmental implications of broad development options for a sector (e.g.,

alternative ways of meeting projected electric power demand) are best analyzed
in least-cost planning or sectoral EA. Environmental implications of broad
development options for a region (e.g., alternative strategies for improving
standards of living in a rural area) are best addressed through a regional
development plan or a regional EA. EIA is normally best suited to the analysis of
alternatives within a given project concept (e.g., a geothermal power plant, or a
project aimed at meeting local energy demand), including detailed site,
technology, design, and operational alternatives.
Section-3, Environmental Standards and Guidelines, Appendix-A 2

Appenxidx-B
EXTRAORDINARY
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
1SLAMABAD, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1997
PART 1
Acts, Ordinances, Presidents Orders and Regulations
SENATE SECRETARIAT
Islamabad, the 6th December, 1997
No. F. 9(46)/97-Legis.-The following Acts of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)

received the assent of the Acting President on the 3rd December, 1997, are
hereby published for general information:
Act No. XXXIV of 1997
An Act to provide for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and

improvement of the environment, for the prevention and control of
pollution and promotion of sustainable development
Whereas, it expedient to provide for the protection, conservation,

rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, prevention and
control of pollution, promotion of sustainable development, and for
matters connected therewith and incidental thereto;
It is hereby enacted as follows:
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
This Act may be called the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1 997.
It extends to the whole of Pakistan.
It shall come into force at once.
2. Definitions. In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the

subject or context,
i. Adverse environmental effect means impairment of, or damage to,

the environment and includes_
a). Impairment of or damage to, human health and safety or to

biodiversity or property;
b). Pollution; and
c). Any adverse environmental effect as may be specified in the
regulations;
ii. agricultural waste means waste from farm and agricultural
activities including poultry, cattle farming, animal husbandry,
residues from the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other farm
chemicals;
iii. air pollution means any substance that causes pollution of air and
includes soot, smoke, dust particles, odor, light, electro-magnetic,
Section-3, Environmental Standards and Guidelines, Appendix-B 1

radiation, heat, fumes, combustion exhaust, exhaust gases, noxious
gases, hazardous substances and radioactive substances;
iv. biodiversity or biological diversity means the variability among

living organisms from all sources, including inter alia terrestrial,
marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes
or which they are part; this includes diversity within, species,
between species and of ecosystems
v. Council means the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council

established under section 3
vi. discharge means spilling, leaking, pumping, depositing, seeping,

releasing, flowing out pouring, emitting, emptying or dumping;
vii. ecosystem means a dynamic complex of plant animal and

microorganism communities and their non-living environment
interacting as a functional unit;
viii. effluent means any material in solid, liquid or gaseous form or

combination thereof being discharged from industrial activity or any
other source and includes a slurry, suspension or vapour;
ix. emission standards means the permissible standards established

by the Federal Agency or a Provincial Agency for emission of air
pollutants and noise and for discharge of effluents and waste;
x. environment means ;
a). air, water and land

b). all layers of the atmosphere
c). all organic and inorganic matter and living organisms;
d). the ecosystem and ecological relationships;
e). buildings, structures, roads, facilities and works;
f). all social and economic conditions affecting community life ;
and
g). the inter-relationships between any of the factors in sub-clauses
(a) to (f)
xi. environmental impact assessment means an environmental study

comprising collect ion of data, prediction of qualitative and
quantitative impacts, comparison of alternatives, evaluation of
preventive, migratory and compensatory measures, formulation of
environmental management and training plans and monitoring
arrangement, and framing of recommendations and such other
components as may be prescribed
xii. Environmental Magistrate means the Magistrate of the First Class

appointed under section 24

xiii. Environmental Tribunal means the Environmental Tribunal
constituted under section 20
xiv. Exclusive Economic Zone shall have the same meaning as defined
in the Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones Act, 1976 (LXXXII of
1976)
xv. factory means any premises in which industrial activity is being

undertaken
xvi. Federal Agency means the Pakistan Environmental Protection

Agency established under section 5, or any Government Agency,
local council or local authority exercising the powers and functions
of the Federal Agency;
xvii. Government Agency includes
a) a division, department, attached department, bureau, section,

commission, board, office or unit of the Federal Government or
a Provincial Government;
b) a developmental or a local authority, company or corporation
established or controlled by the Federal Government or
Provincial Government;
c) a Provincial Environmental Protection Agency; and
d) Any other body defined and listed in the Rules of Business of
the Federal Government or a Provincial Government.
xviii. hazardous substance means
a) a substance or mixture of substances, other than a pesticide as

defined in the Agricultural Pesticides Ordinance, 1971(11 of
1971). which, by reason of its chemical activity or toxic,
explosive, flammable, corrosive, radioactive or other
characteristics causes, or is likely to cause, directly or in
combination with other matters, an adverse environmental
effect and
b) any substance which may be prescribed as a hazardous
substance
xix. hazardous waste means waste which is or which contains a

hazardous substance or which may be prescribed as hazardous
waste, and includes hospitals waste and nuclear waste;
xx. historic waters means such limits of the waters adjacent to the land
territory of Pakistan as may be specified by notification under section
7 of the Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones Act, 1976 (LXXXII of
1976);
xxi. hospital waste includes waste medical supplies and materials of

all kinds, and waste blood, issue, organs and other parts of the
human and animal bodies, from hospitals, clinics and laboratories;

xxii. industrial activity means any operation or process for
manufacturing, making, formulating, synthesising, altering,
repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing or otherwise treating any
article or substance with a view to its use, sale, transport, delivery or
disposal, or for mining, for oil and gas exploration and development,
or for pumping water or sewage, or for generating, transforming or
transmitting power or for any other industrial or commercial
purposes
xxiii. industrial waste means waste resulting from an industrial activity
xxiv. initial environmental examination means a preliminary

environmental review of the reasonably foreseeable qualitative and
quantitative impacts on the environment of a proposed project to
determine whether it is likely to cause an adverse environmental
effect for requiring preparation of an environmental impact
assessment;
xxv. local authority means any agency set-up or designated by the

Federal government or a Provincial Government by notification in
the official gazette to be a local authority for the purposes of this Act
xxvi. local council means a local council constituted or established

under a law relating to local government;
xxvii. motor vehicle means any mechanically propelled vehicle adapted

for use upon land whether its power of propulsion is transmitted
thereto from an external or internal source, and includes a chassis to
which a body has not been attached, and a trailer, but does not
include a vehicle running upon fixed rails
xxviii. municipal waste includes sewage, refuse, garbage, waste from

abattoirs, sludge and human excreta and the like
xxix. National Environmental Quality Standards means standards

established by the Federal Agency under clause (e) of sub-section (1)
of section 6 and approved by the Council under clause (c) of sub-
section (1) of section 4
xxx. noise means the intensity, duration and character of sounds from
all sources, and includes vibration
xxxi. nuclear waste means waste from any nuclear reactor or nuclear
plant or other nuclear energy system, whether or not such waste is
radioactive
xxxii. person means any natural person or legal entity and includes an
individual, firm, association, partnership, society, group, Company,
corporation, co-operative society, Government Agency. Non-
governmental organization, community based organization, village

organization, local council or local authority and, in the case of a
vessels, the master or other person having for the time being the
charge or control of the vessel
xxxiii. pollution means the contamination of air, land or water by the

discharge or emission of effluents or wastes or air pollutants or noise
or other matter which either directly or indirectly or in combination
with other discharges or substances alters unfavourably the
chemical, physical, biological, radiational, thermal or radiological or
aesthetic properties of the air, land or water or which may, or is likely
to make the air, land or water unclean, noxious or impure or
injurious, disagreeable or detrimental to the health, safety, welfare
or property of persons or harmful to biodiversity
xxxiv. prescribed means prescribed by rules made under this Act
xxxv. project means any activity, plan, scheme, proposal or undertaking

involving any change in the environment and includes
a) construction or use of buildings or other works

b) construct ton or use of roads or other transport systems
c) construction or operation of factories or other installations
d) mineral prospecting, mining, quarrying, stone-crushing,
drilling and the like;
e) any change of land use or water use; and
f) alteration, expansion, repair, decommissioning or
abandonment of existing buildings or other works, roads or
other transport systems factories or other installations
xxxvi. proponent means the person who proposes or intends to

undertake a project ;
xxxvii. Provincial Agency means a Provincial Environmental Protection

Agency established under section 8
xxxviii. regulations means regulations made under this Act
xxxix. rules means rules made under this Act
xl. sewage means liquid or semi-solid wastes and sludge from sanitary
conveniences, kitchens, laundries, washing and similar activities and
from any sewerage system or sewage disposal works
xli. standards means qualitative and quantitative standards for

discharge of effluents and wastes and for emission of air pollutants
and noise either for general applicability or for a particular area, or
from a particular production process, or for a particular product, and
includes the National Environmental Quality Standards, emission
standards and other standards established under this Act and the
rules and regulation made thereunder

xlii. sustainable development means development that meets the
needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their needs
xliii. territorial waters shall have the same meaning as defined in the
Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones Act, 1976 (LXXXII of 1976)
xliv. vessel includes anything made for the conveyance by water of

human beings or of goods ; and
xlv. waste means any substance or object which has been, is being or is
intended to be, discarded or disposed of, and includes liquid waste,
solid waste, waste gases, suspended waste, industrial waste,
agricultural waste, nuclear waste, municipal waste, hospital waste,
used polyethylene bags and residues from the incineration of all
types of waste.
3. Establishment of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council.
The Federal Government shall, by notification in the official Gazette,

established a council to be known as the Pakistan Environmental
Protection Council consisting of
i. Prime Minister or such other person as the Prime Chairperson

Minister may nominate in this behalf.
ii. Minister Incharge of the Ministry or Division dealing with the

subject of environment. Vice Chairperson
iii. Chief Ministers of the provinces. Member
iv. Ministers Incharge of the subject of environment in the

Provinces. Member
v. Such other persons not exceeding thirty-five as the Federal

Government may appoint, of which at least twenty shall be non-
official including five representatives of the Chambers of
Commerce and Industry and industrial associations and one or
more representatives of the Chamber of Agriculture, the medical
and legal professions, trade unions, and nongovernmental
organizations concerned with the environment and development,
and scientists, technical experts and educationists.
Member Secretary
vi. Secretary to the Government of Pakistan, in-charge of the Ministry

or Division dealing with the subject of environment.
The Members of the Council, other than ex-officio members, shall be

appointed in accordance with the prescribed procedure and shall hold
office for a term of three years.
The Council shall frame its own rules of procedure.

The Council shall hold meetings as and when necessary, but not less than
two meetings shall be held in a year.
The Council may constitute committees of its members and entrust them
with such functions at it may deem fit, and the recommendations of the
committees shall be submitted to the council for approval.
The Council or any of its committees may invite any technical expert or
representative of any Government Agency or non-governmental
organization or other person possessing specialized knowledge of any
subject for assistance in performance of its functions.
4. Functions and powers of the Council.
1. The Council shall
a). co-ordinate and supervise enforcement of the provisions of this

Act:
b). approve comprehensive national environmental policies and
ensure their implementation within the framework of a
national conservation strategy as may be approved by the
Federal Government from time to time:
c). approve the National Environmental Quality Standards.
d). provide guidelines for the protection and conservation of
species, habitats and biodiversity in general, and for the
conservation of renewable and non-renewable resources
e). coordinate integration of the principles and concerns of
sustainable development into national development plans and
policies : and
f). consider the National Environment Report and give
appropriate directions thereon.
2. The Council may, either itself or on the request of any person or

organisation, direct the Federal Agency or any Government Agency
to prepare, submit, promote or implement projects for the protection,
conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment,
the prevention and control of pollution, and the sustainable
development of resources, or to undertake research in any specified
aspect of environment.
5. Establishment of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency:
1 The Federal Government shall, by notification in the official Gazette

establish the Pakistan environmental Protection Agency to exercise
the powers and perform the functions assigned to it under the
provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations made
thereunder.

2 The Federal Agency shall be headed by a Director-General, who shall
be appointed by the Federal Government on such terms and
conditions as it may determine.
3 The Federal Agency shall have such administrative, technical and

legal staff as the Federal Government may specify, to be appointed
in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed.
4 The powers and functions of the Federal Agency shall be exercised

and performed by the Director-General.
5 The Director-General may, be general or special order, delegate any

of these powers and functions to staff appointed under sub-section
(3).
6 For assisting the Federal Agency in the discharge of its functions, the
Federal Government shall establish Advisory Committees for
various sectors, and appoint as members thereof eminent
representatives of the relevant sector, educational institutions,
research institutes and non-governmental organizations.
6. Functions of the Federal Agency.
1 The Federal Agency shall
administer and implement the provisions of this Act and the rules and
regulations made thereunder
prepare, in coordination with the appropriate Government Agency
and in consultation with the concerned sectoral advisory
Committees, national environmental policies for approval by the
Council;
take all necessary measures fort the implementation of the national
environmental policies approved by the Council
prepare and publish an annual National Environment Report on
the state of the environment
prepare or revise, and establish the national Environmental
Quality Standards with approval of the Council
Provided that before seeking approval of the Council, the Federal

Agency shall publish the proposed. National Environmental
Quality Standards for public opinion in accordance with the
prescribed procedure ;and
ensure enforcement of the National Environmental Quality

Standards: establish standards for the quality of the ambient air,
water and land by notification in the official Gazette, in
consultation with the Provincial Agency concerned

Provided that
I. different standards for discharge or emission from different

source and for different areas and conditions may be specified
II. where standards are less stringent than the National
Environmental Quality Standards prior approval of the
Council shall he obtained
III. certain areas, with the approval of the Council, may exclude
from carrying out specific activities, projects from the
application of such standards.
coordinate environmental policies and programmes nationally and

internationally;
establish systems and procedures for surveys, surveillance, monitoring,

measurement, examination, investigation, research, inspection and audit
to prevent and control pollution, and to estimate the costs of cleaning up
pollution and rehabilitating the environment in various sectors
take measures to promote research and the development of science and

technology which may contribute to the prevention of pollution,
protection of the environment, and sustainable development
certify one or more laboratories as approved laboratories for conducting

tests and analysis and one or more research institutes as environmental
research institutes for conducting research and investigation for the
purposes of this Act
identify the needs for, an initiate legislation in various sectors of the

environment
render advice and assistance in environmental matters, including such

information and data available with it as may be required for carrying out
the purposes of this Act;
Provided that the disclosure of such information shall be subject to the

restrictions contained in the proviso to sub-section (3) of section 12;
assist the local councils, local authorities, Government Agencies and other
persons to implement schemes for the proper disposal of wastes Society as
to ensure compliance with the standards established by it;
provide information and guidance to the public on environmental matters;
recommend environmental courses, topics, literature and books for

incorporation in the curricula and syllabi of educational institutions;
specify safeguards for the prevention of accidents and disasters which

may cause pollution, collaborate with the concerned person in the
preparation of contingency plans for control of such accidents and
disasters, and coordinate implementation of such plans

encourage the formation and working of non-governmental
organizations, community organizations village organizations to prevent
and control pollution and promote sustainable development:
take or cause to be taken all necessary measures for the protection

conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment,
prevention and control of pollution and promotion of sustainable
development ; and
Perform any function which the Council may assign to it.
2 The Federal Agency may
undertake inquiries or investigation into environmental issues, either of

its own accord or upon complaint from any person or organisation:
request any person to furnish any information or data relevant to its

functions
initiate with the approval of the Federal Government, requests for foreign
assistance in support of the purposes of this Act and enter into
arrangements with foreign agencies or organizations for the exchange of
material or information and participate in international seminars or
meetings
recommend to the Federal Government the adoption of financial and fiscal

programmes, schemes or measures for achieving environmental objectives
and goals and the purpose of this Act, including
incentives, prizes awards, subsidies, tax exemptions, rebates and

depreciation allowances and taxes, duties, cesses and other levies
establish and maintain laboratories to help in the performance of its I

functions under this Act and to conduct research in various aspects of the
environment and provide or arrange necessary assistance for
establishment of similar laboratories in the private sector ; and
provide or arrange, in accordance with such procedure as may be

prescribed, financial assistance for projects designed to facilitate the
discharge of its functions.
7. Powers of the Federal Agency
Subject to the provisions of this Act, the federal Agency may
a). lease, purchase, acquire, own, hold, improve, use or otherwise deal
in and with any property both movable and immovable
b). sell, convey, mortgage, pledge, exchange or otherwise dispose of its

property and assets;

c). fix and realize fees, rates, and charges for rendering any service or
providing any facility information or data under this Act or the rules
and regulations made thereunder;
d). Enter into contracts, execute instruments, incur liabilities and do all
acts or things necessary for proper management and conduct of its
business.
e). appoint with the approval of the Federal Government and in

accordance with such procedures as may be prescribed, such
advisers, experts and consultants as it considers necessary for the
efficient performance of its functions on such terms and conditions
as it may deem fit
f). summon and enforce the attendance of any person and require him
to supply any information or document needed for the conduct of
any enquiry or investigation into any environmental issue
g). enter and inspect and under the authority of a search warrant issued
by the Environmental Tribunal or Environmental Magistrate, search
at any reasonable time, any land, building, premises, vehicle or
vessel or other place where or in which, there are reasonable grounds
to believe that an offence under this Act has been or is being
committed;
h). take samples of any materials, products, articles or substances or of

the effluents, wastes or air pollutants being discharged or emitted or
of air, water or land in the vicinity of the discharge or emission
i). arrange for test and analyses of the samples at a certified laboratory;
j). confiscate any article used in the commission of the offence where
the offender is not known or cannot be found within a reasonable
time
provided that the power under clauses (f), (h), (I) and (j) shall be
exercised in accordance with the provisions of the Code of Criminal
procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898), or the rules made under this Act and
under the direction of the Environmental Tribunal or Environmental
Magistrate ; and
k). establish a National Environmental Co-ordination Committee

comprising the Director-General as its chairman and the Director
Generals of the Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies and
such other persons as the Federal Government may appoint as its
members to exercise such powers and perform such functions as may
be delegated or assigned to it by the Federal Government for
carrying out the purposes of this Act and for ensuring inter
provincial co-ordination in environmental policies.

8. Establishment, powers and functions of the provincial Environmental
Protection Agencies.
Every Provincial Government shall, by notification in the official Gazette,

establish an Environmental Protection Agency, to exercise such powers
and perform such functions as may be delegated to it by the Provincial
Government under sub-section (2) of section 26.
The Provincial Agency shall be headed by a Director-General who shall be

appointed by the Provincial Government on such terms and conditions as
it may determine.
The Provincial Agency shall have such administrative, technical and legal
staff as the Provincial Government may specify, to be appointed in
accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed.
The powers and functions of the Provincial Agency shall be exercised and
performed by the Director General.
The Director-General may, by general or special order, delegate any of

these powers and functions to staff appointed under sub-section (3)
For assistance of the Provincial Agency in the discharge of its functions the
provincial Government shall establish sectoral Advisory Committees for
various sectors and appoint members from amongst eminent
representatives of the relevant sector, educational institutions, research
institutes and non-governmental organizations.
9. Establishment of the Provincial Sustainable Development Funds.
There shall be established in each Province a Sustainable Development

Fund.
The Provincial Sustainable Development Fund shall be derived from the

following sources, namely
grants made or loans advanced by the Federal Government or the

Provincial Governments;
aid and assistance, grants, advances, donations and other non-obligatory

funds received from foreign governments, national or international
agencies, and non-governmental organizations ; and
contributions from private organizations, and other persons.
The Provincial Sustainable Development Fund shall be utilized in

accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed for
a. providing financial assistance to the projects designed for the

protection conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the

environment, the prevention, and control of pollution, the
sustainable development of resources and for research in any
specified aspect of environment .; and
b. any other purpose which, in the opinion of the Board will help
achieve environmental objectives and the purposes of this Act.
10. Management of the Provincial Sustainable Development Fund.
The Provincial Sustainable Development Fund shall be managed by a

Board known as the Provincial Sustainable Development Fund Board
consisting of
Chairman, Planning and Development Board/Additional Chief Secretary

Planning and Development Department. Chairperson
Such officers of the Provincial Governments not exceeding six as the

Provincial Government may appoint, including Secretaries in charge of the
Finance, Industries and Environment Departments. Members
Such non-official person not exceeding ten as the Provincial Government

may appoint including representatives of the Provincial Chamber of
Commerce and Industry, non-government organization and major
donors.
Members
Director-General of the Provincial Agency. Member/Secretary
In accordance with such procedure and such criteria as may be prescribed

the Board shall have the power to sanction financial assistance for eligible
projects;
invest moneys held in the Provincial Sustainable Development Fund in

such profit-bearing Government bonds, savings schemes and securities as
it may deem suitable ; and
Take such measures and exercise such powers as may be necessary for
utilization of the Provincial Sustainable Development Fund for the
purposes specified in sub-section (3) of section 9.
The Board shall constitute committees of its members to undertake regular

monitoring of projects financed from the Provincial Sustainable
Development Fund and to submit progress reports to the Board which
shall publish an Annual Report incorporating its annual audited accounts
and performance evaluation based on the progress reports.
11. Prohibition of certain discharges or emissions
Subject to the provision of this Act and the rules and regulations made
thereunder no person shall discharge or emit or allow the discharge or
emission of any effluent or waste or air pollutant or noise in an amount,

concentration or level which is in excess of the National Environmental
Quality Standards or, where applicable, the, standards established under
sub-clause (i) of clause (g) of sub-section (1) of section 6.
The Federal Government levy a pollution charge on any person who

contravenes or fails to comply with the provisions of sub-section (1), to be
calculated at such rate, and collected in accordance with such procedure
as may be prescribed.
Any person who pays the pollution charge levied under sub-section (2)
shall not be charged with an offence with respect to that contravention or
failure.
The provisions of sub-section (3) shall not apply to projects which

commenced industrial activity on or after the thirtieth day of June. 1994.
12. Initial environmental examination and environmental impact

assessment.
No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation

unless he has filed with the Federal Agency an initial environmental
examination or where the project is likely to cause an adverse
environmental effect, an environmental impact assessment, and has
obtained from the Federal Agency approval in respect thereof.
The Federal Agency shall.
Review the initial environmental examination and accord its approval or

require submission of an environmental impact assessment by the
proponent; or
review the environmental impact assessment and accord its approval

subject to such conditions as it may deem fit to impose, or require that the
environmental impact assessment be re-submitted after such
modifications as may be stipulated, or reject the project as being contrary
to environmental objectives.
Every review of an environmental impact assessment shall be carried out

with public participation and no information will be disclosed during the
course of such public participation which relates to
I. trade, manufacturing or business activities, processes or techniques

of a proprietary nature, or financial, commercial, scientific or
technical matters which the proponent has requested should remain
confidential unless for reasons to be recorded in writing, the
Director-General of the Federal Agency is of the opinion that the
request for confidentiality is not well-founded or the public interest
in the disclosure outweighs the possible prejudice to the competitive
position of the project or its proponent ; or

II. international relations, national security or maintenance of law and
order except with the consent of the Federal Government ; or
III. Matter covered by legal professional privilege.
The Federal Agency shall communicate its approval or otherwise within a

period of four months from the date the initial environmental
examination or environmental impact assessment is filed complete in all
respects in accordance with the prescribed procedure, failing which the
initial environmental examination or, as the case may be, the
environmental impact assessment shall be deemed to have been approved
to the extent to which it does not contravene the provisions of this Act and
the rules and regulations made thereunder:
Subject to sub-section (4) the Federal Government may in a particular case

extend the aforementioned period of four months if the nature of the
project So warrants.
The provisions of sub-sections (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) shall apply to such
categories of projects and in such manner as may be prescribed.
The Federal Agency shall maintain separate Registers for initial

environmental examination and environmental impact assessment
projects, which shall contain brier particulars of each project- and a
summary of decisions taken thereon, and which shall be open to
inspection by the public at all reasonable hours and the disclosure of
information in such Registers shall be subject to the restrictions specified
in subsection (3).
13. Prohibition of import of hazardous waste.
No person shall import hazardous waste into Pakistan and its territorial
waters, Exclusive Economic Zone and historic waters.
14. Handling of hazardous substances.
Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall generate, collect,

consign, transport, treat, dispose of, store, handle or import any hazardous
substance except
under a licence issued by the Federal Agency and in such manner as may
be prescribed ; or
in accordance with the provisions of any other law for the time being in
force, or of any international treaty, convention, protocol, code, standard,
an agreement or other instrument to which Pakistan is a party.
15. Regulation of motor vehicles.
1. Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations
made thereunder, no person shall operate a motor vehicle from

which air pollutants or noise are being emitted in an amount,
concentration or level which is in excess of the National
Environmental Quality Standards, or where applicable the standards
established under clause (g) of sub-section (1) of section 6.
2. For ensuring compliance with the standards mentioned in sub-

section (1), the Federal Agency may direct that any motor vehicle or
class of vehicles shall install such pollution control devices or other
equipment or use such fuels or undergo such maintenance or testing
as may be prescribed.
3. Where a direction has been issued by the Federal Agency under sub-
section
4. in respect of any motor vehicles or class of motor vehicles, no person

shall operate any such vehicle till such direction has been complied
with.
16. Environmental protection order
Where the Federal Agency or a Provincial Agency is satisfied that the

discharge or emission of any effluent, waste, air pollutant or noise, or the
disposal of waste, or the handling of hazardous substances, or any other
act or omission is likely to occur, or is occurring or has occurred in
violation of. the provisions of this Act, rules or regulations or of the
conditions of a licence, and is likely to cause, or is causing or has caused
an adverse environmental effect, the Federal Agency or, as the case may
be, the Provincial Agency may, after giving the person responsible for such
discharge emission, disposal, handling, act or omission an opportunity of
being heard, by order direct such person to take such measures that the
Federal agency or Provincial Agency may consider necessary within such
period as may be specified in the order.
In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing

power such measures may include
a). immediate stoppage, preventing, lessening or controlling the

discharge, emission, disposal, handling, act or omission, or to
minimize or remedy the adverse environmental effect
b). installation, replacement or alteration of any equipment or

thing to eliminate or control or abate on a permanent or
temporary basis, such discharge, emission, disposal, handling,
act or omission
c). action to remove or otherwise dispose of the effluent, waste, air

pollutant, noise, or hazardous substances ; and
d). action to restore the environment to the condition existing prior

to such discharge, disposal, handling, act or omission, or as
close to such condition as may be reasonable in the

circumstances, to the satisfaction of the Federal Agency or,
Provincial Agency.
Where the person, to whom direction under sub-section (1) are given does
not comply therewith, the Federal Agency or Provincial Agency may, in
addition to the proceeding initiated against him under this Act or the rules
and regulations itself take or cause to be taken such measures specified in
the order as it may deems necessary and may recover the costs of taking
such measures from such person as arrears of land revenue.
17. Penalties
Whoever contravenes or fails to comply with the provisions of sections 11,

12, 13, or section 16 or any order issued thereunder shall be punishable
with fine which may extend to one million rupees, and in the case of a
continuing contravention or failure, with an additional fine which may
extend to one hundred thousand rupees for every day during which such
contravention or failure continues and where such contravention or failure
continues
Provided that if contravention of the provisions of section 11 also

constitutes contravention of the provisions of section 15, such
contravention shall be punishable under sub-section (2) only.
Whoever contravenes or fails to comply with the provisions of section 14

or 15 or any rule or regulation or conditions of any licence, any order or
direction issued by the Council or by the Federal Agency or Provincial
Agency shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one hundred
thousand rupees, and in case of continuing contravention or failure with
an additional fine which extend to one thousand rupees for every day
during which such contravention continues.
Where an accused has been convicted of an offence under sub-section (1)

and (2), the Environmental Tribunal and Environmental Magistrate shall,
in passing sentence, take into account the extent and duration of the
contravention or failure constituting the offence, and the attendant
circumstances.
Where an accused has been convicted of an offence under sub-section (1)

and the Environmental Tribunal is satisfied that as a result of the
commission of the offence monetary benefits have accrued to the offender,
the Environmental Tribunal may order the offender to pay, in addition to
the fines under sub-section (1), further additional fine commensurate with
the amount of the monetary benefits.
Where a person convicted under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2); and had
been previously convicted for any contravention under this Act, the
Environmental Tribunal or, as the case may be, Environmental Magistrate
may, in addition to the punishment awarded thereunder

endorse a copy of the order of conviction to the concerned trade or
industrial association, if any, or the concerned Provincial Chamber of
Commerce and Industry or the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of
Commerce and industry
sentence him to imprisonment for a term which may extend up to

two years
order the closure of the factory
order confiscation of the factory, machinery and equipment,

vehicle, material or substance, record or document or other object
used or involved in contravention of the provisions of the Act
Provided that for a period of three years from the date of commencement
of this Act, the sentence of imprisonment shall be passed only in respect of
persons who have been previously convicted for more than once for any
contravention of section 11, 13, 14, or 16 involving hazardous waste
order such person to restore the environment at his own cost, to the
conditions existing prior to such contravention or as close to such
conditions as may be reasonable in the circumstances to the satisfaction of
the Federal Agency or, as the case may be, Provincial Agency ; and
Order that such sum be paid to any person as compensation for any loss,
bodily injury, damage to his health or property suffered by such
contravention.
The Director-General of the Federal Agency or of a Provincial Agency or

an officer generally or specially authorised by him in this behalf may, on
the application of the accused compound an offence under this Act with
the permission of the Environmental Tribunal or Environmental
Magistrate in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed.
Where the Director-General of the Federal Agency or of a Provincial

Agency is of the opinion that a person has contravened any provision of
this Act, he may subject to the rules, by notice in writing to that person
require him to pay to the Federal Agency or, as the case may be, Provincial
Agency an administrative penalty in the amount set out in the notice for
each day the contravention continues and a person who pays an
administrative penalty for a contravention shall not be charged under this
Act with an offence in respect of such contravention.
The provisions of sub-section (6) and (7) shall not apply to a person who
has been previously convicted of offence or who has compounded an
offence under this Act or who has paid an administrative penalty for a
contravention of any provision of this Act.

18. Offences by bodies corporate
Where any contravention of this Act has been committed by a body

corporate, and it is proved that such offence has been committed with the
consent or connivance or, or is attributed to any negligence on the part of
any director, partner, manager, secretary or other officer of the body
corporate, such director, partner, manager, secretary or other officer of the
body corporate shall be deemed guilty of such contravention along with
the body corporate and shall be punished accordingly
Provided that in the case of a company as defined under the companies

Ordinance, I 984 (XLVII of 1984 only the chief Executive as defined in the
said Ordinance shall be liable under this section.
Explanation for the purposes of this section, body corporate includes a

firm association of persons and a society registered under the Societies
registration Act 1860 (XXI of 1860), or under the Co-operative Societies
Act, 1925 (VII of 1925).
19. Offences by Government Agencies, local authorities or local councils
Where any contravention of this Act has been committed by any

Government Agency, local authority or local council, and it is proved that
such, contravention has been committed with the consent or connivance
of or is attributable to any negligence on the part of the Head or any other
officer of the Government Agency, local authority or local along with the
Government Agency, local authority or local council and shall be liable to
be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
20. Environmental Tribunals
The Federal Government may by notification in the official gazette,

establish as many Environmental Tribunals as it considers necessary and,
where it establishes more than one Environmental Tribunal it shall specify
territorial limits within which, or the class of cases in respect of which each
OIIC oh them shall exercise jurisdiction under this Act.
An Environmental Tribunal shall consist of a Chairperson who is or has

been or is qualified for appointment as a Judge of the High Court to be
appointed after consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court and
two members to be appointed by the Federal Government of which at least
one shall be a technical member with suitable professional qualification
and experience in the environmental field as may be prescribed.
For every sitting of the Environmental Tribunal, the presence of the

chairperson and not less than one Member shall be necessary.
A decision of an Environmental Tribunal shall be expressed in terms of,

the opinion of the majority of its members, including the Chairperson, or
if the case has been decided by the Chairperson and only one of the
members and there is a difference of opinion between them, the decision

of the Environmental Tribunal shall be expressed in terms of the opinion
of the Chairperson.
An Environmental Tribunal shall not, merely by reason of a change in its

composition, or the absence of any member from any sitting, be bound to
recall and rehear any witness who has given evidence, and may act on the
evidence already recorded by or produced, before it.
An Environmental Tribunal may hold its: sittings at such places within its
territorial jurisdiction as the Chairperson may decide.
No act or proceeding of an Environmental Tribunal shall be invalid by

reason only of the existence of a vacancy in, or defect in the constitution of
the Environmental Tribunal.
The terms and conditions of service of the Chairperson and members of

the Environmental Tribunal shall be such as may be prescribed.
21. Jurisdiction and powers of Environmental Tribunal
1. An Environmental Tribunal shall exercise such powers and perform

such functions as are or may be conferred upon or assigned to it by
or under this Act, or the rules and regulations made thereunder.
2. All contravention punishable under sub-section (1) of section 17 shall

exclusively be triable by an Environmental Tribunal.
3. An Environmental Tribunal shall not take cognizance of any offence

triable under sub-section (2) except on a complaint in writing by
a). the Federal Agency or any Government agency or local council

; and
b). Any aggrieved person, who has given notice of not less than
thirty days to the Federal Agency or the Provincial Agency
concerned of the alleged contravention and of his intention to
make a complaint to the Environmental Tribunal.
4. In exercise of its criminal jurisdiction, the Environmental Tribunal

shall have the same powers as are vested in the Court of Session
under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898).
5. In exercise of the appellate jurisdiction under section 22 the

Environmental Tribunal shall have the same powers and shall follow
the same procedure as an appellate court in the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908 (Act V of 1908).
6. In all matters with respect to which no procedure has been provided

for in this Ordinance, the Environmental Tribunal shall follow the
procedure laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act V of
1908).

7. An Environmental Tribunal may, on application filed by any officer
duly authorised in this behalf by the Director-General of the Federal
Agency or Provincial Agency, issue bailable warrant for the arrest of
any person against whom reasonable suspicion exists of his having
been involved in contravention punishable under subsection (l)of
section 17:
Provided that such warrant shall be applied for issued and executed
in accordance with the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure
1 898 (Act V of 1898):
Provided further that if the person arrested executes a bond with

sufficient sureties in accordance with the endorsement on the
warrant, he shall be released from custody, failing which he shall be
taken or sent without delay to the officer-in-charge of the nearest
police station.
8. All proceedings before the Environmental Tribunal shall be deemed

to be judicial proceedings within the meaning of sections 193 and 228
of the Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860) and the Environmental
Tribunal shall be deemed to be a court for the purposes of sections
480 and 482 of the code of Criminal procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898).
9. No court other than an Environmental Tribunal shall have or

exercise any jurisdiction with respect to any matter to which the
jurisdiction of an Environmental Tribunal extends under this Act or
the rules and regulations made thereunder.
Where the Environmental Tribunal is satisfied that a complaint made to it

under sub-section (3) is false and vexatious to the knowledge of the
complainant it may by an order, direct the complainant to pay to the
person complained against such compensatory costs which may extend to
one hundred thousand rupees.
22. Appeals to the Environmental Tribunal
Any person aggrieved by any order or direction of the Federal Agency or

any Provincial Agency under any provision of this Act and rules or
regulations made thereunder may prefer an appeal with the
Environmental Tribunal within thirty days of the date of communication
of the impugned order or direction to such person.
An appeal to the Environmental Tribunal shall be, in such form, contain

such particulars and be accompanied by such fees as may be prescribed.
23. Appeals from orders of the Environmental Tribunal
Any person aggrieved by any final order or by any sentence of the

Environmental Tribunal passed under this Act may, within thirty days of

communication of such order or sentence, prefer an appeal to the High
Court.
An appeal under sub-section (1) shall be heard by a Bench of not less than
two Judges.
24. Jurisdiction of Environmental Magistrates
1. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal

Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898), or any other law for the time being
in force, but subject to the provisions of this Act, all contraventions
punishable under sub-section (2) of section 17 shall exclusively be
triable by a judicial. Magistrate or the first class as Environmental
Magistrate especially empowered in this behalf by the High Court.
2. An Environmental Magistrate shall be competent to impose any

punishment specified in sub-section (2) and (4) of section 17.
3. An Environmental Magistrate shall not take cognizance of an offence

triable under sub-section (1) except on a complaint in writing by
a. the Federal Agency, Provincial Agency, or Government Agency or

local council; and
b. any aggrieved person.
25. Appeals from orders of Environment Magistrate
Any person convicted of any contravention of this Act or the rules or

regulations by an Environment Magistrate may, within thirty days from
the date of his conviction appeal to the Court of Sessions, whose decision
thereon shall be final.
26. Power to delegate
1. The Federal Government may, by notification in the official Gazette,

delegate any of its or of the Federal Agencys powers and functions
under this Act and the rules and regulations made thereunder to any
Provincial Government, any Government Agency, local council or
local authority.
2. The Provincial Government may, by notification in the official

Gazette, delegate any of its or of the Provincial Agencys powers or
functions under this Act and the rules and regulations made
thereunder to any Government Agency of such Provincial
Government or any local council or local authority in the Province.
27. Power to give directions
In the performance of their functions under this Act the Federal Agency
and Provincial Agencies shall be bound by the directions given to them in
writing by the Federal Government ; and

A Provincial Agency shall be bound by the directions given to it in writing
by the Provincial Government.
28. Indemnity
No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Federal
or Provincial Government, the Council, the Federal Agency or Provincial
Agencies, the Director-Generals of the Federal Agency and the Provincial
Agency, members, officers, employees, experts, advisors, committees or
consultants of the Federal or Provincial Agencies or the Environmental
Tribunal or Environmental Magistrates or any other person for anything
which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act or the
rules or regulations made thereunder.
29. Dues recoverable as arrears of laud revenue
Any dues recoverable by the Federal Agency or Provincial Agency under

this Act or the rules or regulations made thereunder shall be recoverable
as arrears of land revenue.
30. Act to override other laws
The provisions of this Act shall have, effect notwithstanding anything

inconsistent therewith contained in any other law for the time being in
force.
31. Power to make rules
The Federal Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, make

rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act including rules for
implementing the provisions of the international environmental
agreements specified in the Schedule to this Act.
32. Power to amend the Schedule
The Federal Government, may by notification in the official Gazette,

amend the Schedule so as to add any entry thereto or modify or omit any
entry therein.
33. Power to make regulations
1. For carrying out the purposes of this Act, the Federal Agency may,
by notification in the official Gazette and with the approval of the
Federal Government, make regulations not inconsistent with the
provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder.
2. In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing

power, such regulations may provide for

a). submission of periodical reports, data or information by any
Government agency, local authority or local council in respect
or environmental matters;
b). preparation of emergency contingency plans for coping with

environmental hazards and pollution caused by accidents,
natural disasters and calamities
c). appointment of officers, advisors, experts, consultants and

employees
d). levy of fees, rates and charges in respect of services rendered,

actions taken and schemes implemented
e). monitoring and measurement of discharges and emissions;
f). categorization of projects to which, and the manner in which,

section 12 applies
g). laying down of guidelines for preparation of initial

environmental examination and environmental impact
assessment and Development of procedures for their filing,
review and approval
h). providing procedures for handling hazardous substances; and
i). Installation of devices in, use of fuels by, and maintenance and
testing of motor vehicles for control of air and noise pollution.
34. Repeal, savings and succession
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance, 1983 (XXVII of 1983) is

hereby repealed.
Notwithstanding the repeal of the Pakistan Environmental Protection

Ordinance, 1983 (XXVII of 1983), any rules or regulations or appointments
made, orders passed, notifications issued, powers delegated, contracts
entered into, proceedings commenced, rights acquired liabilities incurred,
penalties, rates, fees or charges levied, things done or action taken under
any provisions of that Ordinance shall, so far as they are not inconsistent
with the provisions of this Act, be deemed to have been made, passed,
issued delegated , entered into, commenced, acquired, incurred, levied,
done or taken under this Act.
On the establishment of the Federal Agency and Provincial Agencies

under this Act, all properties, assets and liabilities pertaining to the Federal
Agency and Provincial Agencies established under that Ordinance shall
vest in and be the properties, assets and liabilities, as the case may be, of
the Federal Agency and Provincial Agency established under this Act.

SCHEDULE
(See section 31)
a. International Plant protection Convention, Rome, 1951.

b. Plant Protection Agreement for the South-East Asia and Pacific Region (as
amended), Rome, 1956.
c. Agreement for the Establishment of a commission for Controlling the
Desert Locust in the Eastern Region of its Distribution Area in South-West
Asia (as amended), Rome, 1963.
d. Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as
Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar, 1971 and its amending Protocol, Paris, 1982.
e. Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural
Heritage (World Heritage Convention), Paris, 1972
f. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora (CITES), Washington, 1973.
g. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.
Bonn, 1979.
h. Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay, 1982.
i. Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer Vienna, 1985.
j. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal,
1987 and amendments thereto.
k. Agreement on the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia and the Pacific
Bangkok, 1988.
l. Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Waste and Their Disposal, Basel, 1989.
m. Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio De Janiero, 1992.
n. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Rio De
Janiero, 1992.

Appendix-B.1
THE GAZETTE OF PAKISTAN

EXTRAORDINARY
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
ISLAMABAD, SUNDAY, AUGUST 29, 1993
PART 11
Statutory Notifications (S.R.O.)
GQVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN AFFAIRS DIVISION
(Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency)
NOTIFICATION
Islamabad, the 24th August 1993
S.R.O.742(I)/93 In pursuance of the power conferred by clause (d) of

section of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance, 1983 (XXXVII
of 1983), the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, with the prior
approval of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council, hereby
established the National Environmental Quality Standards as contained in
the Annexes to this notification.
2. These National Environmental Quality Standards relating to municipal

and liquid industrial effluents (Annex I), industrial gaseous emissions
(Annex II) and motor vehicle exhaust and noise (Annex III), shall come
into force with immediate effect, except in the case of industrial units to
which the following schedule shall apply.
Existing industrial units i.e. those units already in production 01 July, 1996
New industrial units i.e. those units that will come into production on or
after 30th June, 1994 - 01 July, 1994.

Appendix-B.2
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR

MUNICIPAL AND LIQUID INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS (mg/L, unless
otherwise defined)
S.NO Parameters Standards
Temperature 40o C
pH Value (acidity/basicity) 6-10 pH
5-days Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) at 20o 80 mg/L
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 150 mg/L
Total suspended solids 150 mg/L
Total dissolved solids 3500 mg/L
Grease and oil 10 mg/L
Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1 mg/L
Chloride (as CI) 1000 mg/L
Flouride (as F) 20 mg/L
Cyanide (as CN) 2 mg/L
An-ionic detergents2 (as MABAS)3 20 mg/L
Sulphate (SO4) 600 mg/L
Sulphide (S) 1.0 mg/L
Ammonia (NH3). 40 mg/L
Pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides 0.15 mg/L
Cadimium4 0.1 mg/L
Chromium4 (trivalent and hoxvalent) 1.0 mg/L
Copper4 1.0 mg/L
Lead4 0.5 mg/L
Mercury4 0.01 mg/L
Selenium4 0.5 mg/L
Nicklel4 1.0 mg/L
Silver4 1.0 mg/L
Total Toxic metals 2.0 mg/L
Zinc 5.0 mg/L
Arsenic 1.0 mg/L
Barium 1.5 mg/L
Iron 2.0 mg/L
Manganese 1.5 mg/L
Boron 6.0 mg/L
Chlorine 1.0 mg/L
Explanations:
1. Assuming minimum dilution 1:10 on discharge. Lower rations

would attract progressively stringent standards to be determined by
the Federal Environmental Protection Agency.
2. Assuming surfactant as bio-degradable.
3. MBAS means Modified Benzene Alkyl Sulphates.
4. Subject to total toxic metals discharge as at S.NO. 25

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR
INDUSTRIAL GAS EOUS EMISSIONS (mg/Nm3, UNLESS
OTLIIERWISE DEFINED)
S.NO Parameter Source of emission

Standards
1 2 3 4
1 Smoke Smoke opacity not to exceed:- 40% or

2
(Ringlemann Scale)
2 Particulate Boilers and furnaces:
1. Using Oil 300

2. Using Coal 500
3. Cement Kilns 200

Appendix-B.3
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS
S. R. O. 742 (I)/93.--In pursuance of the powers conferred by clause (d) of section 6 of the
Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Ordinance. 1983 (XXXVII of 1983), the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency. With the prior approval of the Pakistan Environmental
Protection Council, hereby establishes the National Environmental Quality Standards as
contained in the Annexes to this notification.
2. These National Environmental Quality Standards relating to municipal and liquid industrial
effluents( Annex I), industrial gaseous emissions (Annex II) and motor vehicle exhaust and
noise (Annex III), shall come into force with immediate effect, except in the case of industrial
units to which the following schedule shall apply:
Existing industrial units i.e. those units already in production
_______________________________ 01 July, 1996
New industrial units i.e. those units that will come into production on or after 30th June, 1994
______________________________ 01 July, 1994

National Environmental Quality Standards for Municipal and Liquid
Industrial Effluents (mg/L, Unless Otherwise Defined)

Annexure-II
National Environmental Quality Standards for Industrial Gaseous

Emissions (mg/Nm3, Unless Otherwise Defined)

Annexure-III
National Environmental Quality Standards

for Motor Vehicle Exhaust and Noise
Source:
The content of this document has been taken from:
The Gazette of Pakistan, Extraordinary, Published By Authority, Islamabad, Sunday,
August 29, 1993, Part II, Statutory Notification (S. R. O.), Government of Pakistan;
Environmental and Urban Affairs Division (Pakistan Environmental Protection
Agency);
Notifications; Islamabad, The 24th August, 1993

Appendix-B.4
REVISED NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL

QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS)
Background
PEPC in its first meeting held on 10th May 1993 approved the NEQS.
The approved NEQS were uniform standards applicable to all kind of industrial and
municipal effluent.
There are 32 parameters prescribing permissible levels of pollutants in liquid
effluent while 16 parameters for gaseous emission.
In April 1996, the PEPC set up an Environmental Standards Committee (ESC)
headed by Mr. Shams Kasim Lakha to review, inter alia, the NEQS and suggest
changes where necessary, based on conditions in Pakistan.
The committee realized that some of the parameters were more stringent than other
countries of the region, so the task of the rationalization of NEQS was referred to an
Expert Advisory committee to review and suggest changes, if and where required.
Before initiating the task, the Expert Committee was expanded to include
representatives of trade and industry.
The Expert Committee identified ten parameters eight (8) liquid effluent viz. BOD;
COD; TDS; Chloride; Sulphide; Chromium; Ammonia; and Temperature, and two
(2) gaseous emissions viz. SO2 (Sulphur di oxide) and Oxides of Nitrogen for
review.
After consultation with various organizations the NEQS Expert Advisory
Committee completed its task and proposed it to the ESC.
Finally after the Environmental Standards Committee endorsed the proposed
revised NEQS, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council was recommended to
approve the revised draft NEQS.
In December 28, 1999. PEPC approved the revised NEQS.

National Environmental Quality Standards for Municipal and
Liquid Industrial Effluents (mg/L, Unless Otherwise Defined)
Explanations:
1. Summing minimum dilution 1:10 on discharge, lower ratio would attract progressively stringent
standards to be determined by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. By 1:10 dilution
means for example, that for each one cubic meter of treated effluent the recipient water body
should have 10 cubic meter of water for dilution of this effluent.
2. Modified Benzene Alkyl Sulphate; assuming surfactant as bio-degradable.
3. Pesticides herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides.
4. Subject to total toxic metal discharge as at S. No.25
5. Applicable only when and where sewage treatment is operational and BOD5=80 mg/l. is
achieved by the sewer treatment system.
6. Provided discharge is not at shore and not within 10 miles of mangrove or other important
estuaries
* The effluent should not result in temperature increase of more than 3C at the edge of the
zone where initial mixing and dilution take place in the receiving water body. In case zone
is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge.
** The value for industry is 200 mg/l.
Note: Dilution of gaseous emissions and liquid effluents to bring them to the NEQS limiting
value is not permissible through excess air mixing blowing in to the gaseous
emissions or through fresh water mixing with the effluent before discharge into environment.

National Environmental Quality Standards for
Industrial Gaseous Emissions (mg/Nm3, Unless Otherwise Defined)
Sulphur Dioxide

Nitrogen Oxide
Emission levels for stationary sources discharges, before mixing with the atmosphere,
should be maintained as follows:-
For fuel fired steam generations, as nanogram (10E-9 gram) per joule of heat input:
National Environmental Quality Standards

for Motor Vehicle Exhaust and Noise
S.No Parameter Standards (maximum
permissible limit)

Appendix-B.5
PART II
Statutory Notifications (S. R. O.)

GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
NOTIFICATION
Islamabad, the 13th June, 2000
S.R.O. 339 (I)/2000. In exercise of the powers conferred by section 33 of the

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (XXXIV of 1997), the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency, with the approval of the Federal
Government, is pleased to make the following regulations, namely
1. Short title and commencement
These regulations may be called the Pakistan Environmental Protection

Agency Review of Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental
Impact Assessment Regulations, 2000.
They shall come into force at once.
2. Definitions.
1. In these regulations, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject

or context
a). Act means the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997

(XXXIV of 1997)
b). Director General means the Director General of the Federal
Agency
c). EIA means an environmental impact assessment as defined
in clause (xi) section 2 of the Act, 1997
d). IEE means an initial environmental examination as defined
in clause (xxiv) section 2 of the Act, 1997
e). Schedule means a schedule to these regulations ; and
f). Section means a section of the Act, 1997.
2. All other wards and expressions used in these regulations but Rot
defined herein shall have the same meaning as are assigned to them
in the Act.
3. Projects requiring and IEE
A proponent of a project falling in any category specified in Schedule I

shall file an IEE with the Federal Agency, and the provisions of section 12
shall apply to such project.

4. Projects requiring an EIA
A proponent of a project falling in any category specified in Schedule 1I

shall file an EIA with the Federal Agency and the provisions of section 12
of the Act shall apply to such project.
5. Other projects requiting an IEE or EIA
1. In addition to any category specified in Schedules 1 and 11, a

proponent of any of the following projects shall file an EIA, if the
project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect or for
projects not specified in Schedules I and 11 but in respect of which
the Federal Agency has issued guidelines for construction and
operation an application for approval accompanied by an
undertaking and an affidavit that the aforesaid guidelines shall be
fully complied with.
2. Subject to regulation 3, the Federal Agency may direct the proponent

of a project, whether or not listed in Schedule I or II, to file an IEE or
EIA, for reasons to be recorded in such direction.
3. No direction under sub-regulation (2) shall be issued without the

recommendation, in writing of environmental Assessment Advisory
Committee constituted under regulation 23.
4. The provisions of section 12 shall apply to project in respect of which

an IEE or EIA is filed under sub-regulation (1) or (2).
6. Preparation of IEE and EIA
1. The Federal Agency may issue guidelines for preparation of an IEE

or EIA including guidelines of general applicability and sectoral
guidelines indicating specific assessment requirements for planning
construction and operation of projects relating to a particular sector.
2. Where guidelines have been issued under sub-regulation (1) an IEE

or EIA shall be prepared, to the extent practicable, in accordance
therewith and the proposed shall justify in the IEE or, as the case may
be, EIA and departure therefrom.
7. Review of fees
The proponent shall pay, at the time of submission of an IEE or EIA, a

non-refundable review fee to the Federal Agency, in accordance with rates
specified in Schedule III.
8. Filling of IEE and EIA
Ten paper copies and two electronic copies of an IEE or EIA shall be filed
With the Federal Agency.

Every IEE and EIA shall be accompanied by.
An application, in the form set out in Schedule IV; and

Copy of receipt showing payment of the review fee.
9. Preliminary security
Within ten working days of filing of the IEE or EIA, the Federal Agency
shall confirm that the IEE or EIA is complete for purposes of initiation of
the review process require the proponent to submit such additional
information as may be specified; or return the IEE or EIA to the proponent
for revision, clearly listing the points requiring further study and
discussion.
Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-regulation (1) the Federal

Agency may require the proponent to submit additional information at
any stage during the review process.
10. Public participation
In the case of an EIA, the Federal Agency shall, simultaneously with issue
of confirmation of completeness under clause (a) of sub-regulation (1) of
regulation 9, cause to be published, in any English or Urdu national
newspaper, a public notice mentioning therein the type of project, its exact
location, the name and address of the proponent and the places at which
the EIA of the project can, subject to the restrictions specified in sub-section
(3) of section 12, be accessed.
The notice issued under sub-regulation (1) shall fix a date, time and place
for public hearing of any comments on the project or its EIA.
The date fixed under sub-regulation (2) shall not be earlier than thirty days
from the date of publication of the notice.
The Federal Agency shall also ensure the circulation of the EIA to the
concerned Government Agencies and solicit their comments thereon.
All comments received by the Federal Agency from the public or any
concerned Government Agency shall be collated, tabulated and duly
considered by it before its decision on the EIA.
The Federal Agency may issue guidelines indicating the basic techniques
and measures to be adopted to ensure effective public consultation,
involvement and participation in EIA assessment.
11. Review
The Federal Agency shall make every effort to carry out its review of the
IEE within forty-five days, and of the EIA within ninety days, of issue of
confirmation of completeness under clause (a) of sub-regulation (I) of
regulation 9

In reviewing the IEE or EIA, the Federal Agency shall consult such
Committee of Experts as may be constituted for the purpose by the
Director-General, and may also solicit .views of the concerned Advisory
Committee, if any, constituted by the Federal Government under sub-
section (6) of section 5.
The Director-General may, where he considers it necessary, constitute a

committee to inspect the site of the project and submit its report on such
matters as may be specified by him.
The review of the IEE or EIA by the Federal Agency shall be based on
quantitative and qualitative assessment of the and data furnished by the
proponent, comments from the public and the concerned Government
agencies received under regulation 10, and views of the committees
mentioned in sub-regulations (2) and (3).
12. Decision
On completion of the review, the decision of the Federal Agency shall be

communicated to the proponent in the form set out in Schedule V in the
case of an IEE, and in the form set out in Schedule VI in the case of an EIA.
13. Conditions of approval
Every approval of an IEE or EIA shall, in addition to such conditions as

may be imposed by the Federal Agency, be subject to the condition that
the project shall by designed and constructed, and mitigatory and other
measures adopted, strictly in accordance with the IEE or, as time case may
be, EIA, unless any variation thereto have been specified in the approval
by the Federal Agency.
Where the Federal Agency accords its approval subject to certain

conditions, the proponent shall before commencing construction of the
project, acknowledge acceptance of the stipulated conditions by executing
an undertaking in the form set out in Schedule VII ; and
Before commencing operation of the project, obtain from the Federal

Agency a written confirmation of compliance that the conditions of the
approval, and the requirements given in the IEE or EIA relating to design
and construction, adoption of mitigatory and other measures and other
relevant matters, have been duly complied with.
14. Confirmation of compliance
1. The request for obtaining a written confirmation of compliance

under clause (b) of sub-regulation (2) of regulation 13 shall be
accompanied by an Environmental Management Plan - indicating
the measures and procedures proposed to be taken to manage or
mitigate the environmental impacts for the life of the project,
including provisions for monitoring reporting and auditing.

2. Where a request for confirmation of compliance is received from a
proponent, the Federal Agency may carry out such inspection of the
site and plant and machinery and seek such additional information
from the proponent as it may deem fit.
3. The Federal Agency shall issue the written confirmation of

compliance or otherwise within fifteen days of receipt of the request
and such additional information, from the proponent as may be
required under sub-regulation (2).
4. The Federal Agency may. while issuing the written confirmation of

compliance, impose such other conditions as to the Environmental
Management Plan, and the operation, maintenance and monitoring
of the project as it may deem fit, and such conditions shall he deemed
to be included in the conditions to which approval of the project is
subject.
15. Extension in review period
Where the Federal Government in any particular case extends the

period of four months for communication of its approval under sub-
section (5) of section 12, it shall, in consultation with the Federal
Agency, indicate the various steps of the review process to be taken
during the extended period, and the estimated time required for each
step.
16. Validity period of approval
1. The approval accorded by time Federal Agency under section 12

read with regulation 12 shall be valid for commencement of
construction for a period of three years from the date of issue.
2. If construction is commenced during the initial three years validity

period, the validity of the approval shall stand extended for a further
period of three years from the expiry of period specified in sub-
regulation (I).
3. After issue of confirmation of compliance, time approval shall he

valid for a period of three years from the date thereof.
4. Subject to sub-regulation (5), the proponent may apply to the Federal

Agency for extension in the validity periods mentioned in sub-
regulations (1), (2) and (3), which may be granted by the Federal
Agency in its discretion for such period not exceeding three years at
a time, if the conditions of the approval do not require significant
change.
5. For the purposes of sub-regulation (4), the Federal Agency may

require the proponent to submit a fresh IEE or, as the case may be,

EIA, if in its opinion changes in location, design, construction and
operation of the project so warrant.
17. Entry and inspection
1. For tile purposes of verification of any matter relating to the review

or the conditions of approval of an IEE or EIA prior to, during or
after tile commencement of construction or operation of a project,
duly authorized stall of the Federal Agency may enter and inspect
the project site, factory building and plant and equipment installed
therein.
2. The proponent shah take steps to ensure full co-operation of the

project staff at site to facilitate the inspection, and shall provide such
information as may be required by the Federal Agency for the
purpose of such inspection and pursuant thereto.
18. Monitoring
After issue of aim approval, the proponent shall submit a report to the
Federal Agency after completion of construction of the project
After issue of confirmation of compliance, the proponent shall submit an

annual report summarizing operational performance of the project, with
reference to the conditions of the approval and maintenance and
mitigatory measures adopted for the project.
To enable the Federal Agency to effectively monitor compliance with the

conditions of the approval, the proponent shall furnish such additional
information as the Federal Agency may require.
19. Cancellation of approval
In case, at any time, on the basis of information or report received or

inspection carried out, the Federal Agency is of the opinion that the
conditions of an approval have not been complied with, or that the
information supplied by a proponent in the approved IEE or EIA is
incorrect if shall issue notice to the proponent to show cause, within two
weeks of receipt thereof as to why the approval should not be cancelled.
In case no reply is received, or the reply is considered unsatisfactory, the

Federal Agency may, after giving the proponent an opportunity of being
heard
Require the proponent to take such measures and to comply with such
conditions within such, period as if may specify, failing which the
approval shall stand cancelled or

Cancel the approval
On cancellation of time approval, the proponent shall cease construction

or operation of the project forthwith.
Any action taken under this regulation shall be without prejudice to any
other action that may be taken against the proponent under the Act, rules,
regulations or any other law for the time being in force.
20. Registers for IEE and EIA projects
Separate Registers shall be maintained by the Federal Agency for IEE and
EIA projects under sub-section (7) of section 12 in the form set out in
Schedule VIII.
21. Environmentally sensitive areas
The Federal Agency may, by notification in the Official Gazette, designate

an area to be an environmentally sensitive area.
Notwithstanding anything contained in regulations 3 arid 4, the

proponent of a project situated in an environmentally sensitive area shall
be required to file an EIA with the Federal Agency.
The Federal Agency may from time to time issue guidelines to assist
proponents and other persons involved in the environmental assessment
process to plan and prepare projects located in environmentally sensitive
areas.
Where guidelines have been issued under sub-regulation (3), the projects
shall be planned and prepared, to the extent practicable, in accordance
therewith and any departure there from justified in the EIA pertaining to
the project.
22. Environmental Assessment Advisory Committee
For the purposes of rendering advice on all aspects of environmental

assessment including guidelines, procedures and categorization of
projects, the Director General shall constitute and environmental
assessment Advisory Committee consisting of the following persons,
namely
a. Director EIA. Federal Agency

Chairman
b. One representative each of the Provincial Agencies
Members
c. One representative each of the Federal Planning commission and
the provincial planning and Development Departments
Members

d. Four representatives one each of industry, non-Governmental,
organizations, legal and other experts
Members
23. Other Approval
Issue of an approval under section 12 read with regulation 12 shall not

absolve the proponent of the duty to obtain any other approval or consent
that may be required under any law for the time being in force.

Appendix-B.6
SCHEDULE 1
(See regulation 3)
LIST OF PROJECTS REQUIR1NG AN IEE
A. Agriculture, livestock and fisheries, etc.
1. Poultry, livestock, stud and fish farms with total cost of more than
ten million
2. Projects involving repacking, formulation or warehousing of
agricultural produce
B. Energy
Hydroelectric power generation less than 50 MW.

Thermal power generation less than 200 MW.
Transmission lines less than 11 KV, and large distribution projects.
Oil and gas transmission systems.
Oil and gas extraction projects including exploration, production,
gathering systems, separation and storage
Waste-to-energy generation projects.
C. Manufacturing and processing
1. Ceramics and glass units with total cost of more than fifty million
rupees.
2. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk
and dairy products, with total cost of less than one hundred million
rupees.
3. Man-made fibres and resin projects with total cost of less than one
hundred million rupees.
4. Manufacturing of apparel including dyeing and printing, with total
cost of more than twenty-five million rupees.
5. Wood products with total cost of more than twenty-five million
rupees.
D. Mining and mineral processing
1. Commercial extraction of sand, gravel, limestone, clay, sulphur and

other minerals not included in Schedule II with total cost of less than
one hundred million rupees.
2. Crushing, grinding and separation processes.
3. Smelting plants with total cost of less than fifty million rupees.
E. Transport
1 Federal or Provincial highways (except maintenance, rebuilding or

reconstruction of existing metalled roads) with total cost of less than
fifty million rupees.

2 Ports and harbor development for ships less than five hundred gross
tons.
F. Water management, dams, irrigation and flood protection
1. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than fifty million
cubic meters or surface area less than eight square kilometres,
2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than fifteen thousand
hectares.
3. Small scale irrigation systems with total cost less than fifty million
rupees.
G. Water supply and treatment
Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost of less than
twenty five million rupees.
H. Waste disposal
Waste disposal facility for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual

capacity less than ten thousand cubic meters.
I. Urban development and tourism
1. Housing schemes.
2. Public facilities with significant off-site impacts e.g. hospital wastes.
3. Urban development projects.
J. Other Projects
Any other project for which filing of an IEE is required by the Federal
Agency under sub-regulation (2) of regulation 5.

Appendix-B.7
SCHEDULE II
(See regulation 4)
LIST OF PROJECTS REQUIRING AN EIA
A. Energy
1. Hydroelectric power generation over fifty megawatts.

2. Thermal power generation over two hundred megawatts.
3. Transmission lines (eleven kilovolts and above) and grid stations.
4. Nuclear power plants.
5. Petroleum refineries.
B. Manufacturing and processing
1. Cement plants.
2. Chemical projects.
3. Fertilizer plants.
4. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk
and (jail-V products, with total cost of one hundred million rupees
and above.
5. Industrial estates (including export processing zones).
6. Man-made fibres and resin projects with total cost of one hundred
million rupees and above.
7. Pesticides (manufacture Or formulations)
8. Petrochemicals complex.
9. Synthetic resins, plastics and man-made fibres, paper and
paperboard paper pulping, plastic products, textiles (except apparel)
printing and publishing, paints and dyes, oils and fats and vegetable
ghee projects with total cost more than ten million rupees
10. Tanning and leather finishing projects.
C. Mining and mineral processing
1. Mining and processing of coal, gold, copper, sulphur and precious

stones.
2. Mining and processing of major non-ferrous metals, iron and steel
rolling.
3. Smelting plants with total cost of fifty million rupees and above.
D. Transport
Airports.
Federal or Provincial highways or major roads (except maintenance,
rebuilding or reconstruction of existing roads) with total cost (fifty million
rupees and above.
Ports and harbor development for ships of five hundred gross tons and
above.
Railway works.

E. Water management, dams, irrigation and flood protection
Dams and reservoirs with storage volume of fifty million cubic meters and
above or surface area of eight square kilometres and above.
Irrigation and drainage projects serving fifteen thousand hectares and

above.
F. Water supply and treatment
Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost twenty-five
million rupees and above.
G. Waste Disposal
Waste disposal and storage of hazardous or toxic wastes including landfill

sites and incineration of hospital toxic waste.
Waste disposal facilities for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual
capacity more than ten thousand cubic meters.
H. Urban development and tourism
Land use studies and urban plans in large cities

Large-scale tourism development projects with total cost more than fifty
million rupees.
I. Environmentally sensitive areas
All projects situated in environmentally sensitive areas.
J. Other projects
Any other project for which filing of an EIA is required by the Federal
Agency under sub-regulation (2) of regulation 5.
Any other project likely to cause an adverse environmental effect.

Appendix-B.8
SCHEDULE III
(See regulation 7)
IEE/EIA REVIEW FEES
Total Project Cost IEE EIA
1 2 3
Up to Rs. 5,000,000 Nil Nil

From Rs. 5,000,001 to 10,000,000 Rs. 10,000 Rs.
15,000
Greater than Rs. 10,000,000 Rs. 15,000 Rs.
30,000

Appendix-B.8
SCHEDULE IV
[See regulation 8 (2) (a)]
APPLICATION FORM
Name & address of proponent: Phone:
Description of Project: Fax:
Location of project Telex:
Objection of Project
IEE/EIA attached? IEE/EIA Yes/No
Have alternative sites been Yes/No

Considered and reported in the TEE/EIA?
Existing land use Land requirement
Is basic site data available (only tick yes if

the
or has it been measured? Data is
reported in
the IEE/EIA
Available
Measured
Meteorology (including rainfall) Yes/No
Yes/No
Ambient air quality: Yes/No

Yes/No
Ambient water quality Yes/No

Yes/No
Ground water quality: Yes/No

Yes/No
Have estimates of the following Estimated Reported

been reported
Water balance. Yes/No
Yes/No
Solid waste disposal. Yes/No
Yes/No
Liquid waste treatment. Yes/No
Yes/No

Source of power: Power requirement
Labour force: Construction

operation
(number).
Verification. - I do solemnly affirm and declare that the information given

above and contained in the attached IEE/EIA is true and corrected the best
of my knowledge and belief.
Date. _____________________
Signature: ________________________
Name &
Designation of proponent: _____________
Official stamp/seal: ___________________

Appendix-B.9
SCHEDULE V
(See regulation 12)
DECISION IEE
Name and address of proponent: __________________

Description of project: __________________
Location of project: __________________
Date of filing of AEE: __________________
After careful review of the IEE, the Federal Agency has decided
to accord its approval, subject to the following conditions

_____________________________________
_____________________________________
or
that the proponent should submit an EIA with the following reasons
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
[Delete (a) or (b), whichever is inapplicable]
Date: ____________________
Tracking No: ________________
Direcror General
Federal Agency
(Official stamp/ Seal)

Appendix-B.10
SCHEDULE VI
(See regulation 12)
DECISION ON EIA
Name and address of proponent: ________________________

Description of project: ________________________
Location of project: ________________________
Date of filing of TEE
After careful review of the IEE, the Federal Agency has decided
to accord its approval, subject to the following conditions:
_________________________________
_________________________________
or
that the proponent should submit an EIA with the following modification
__________________________________
__________________________________
or
to reject the project, being contrary Io environmental objectives, for the

following reasons
[Delete (a)/ (b)/(c) whichever is inapplicable
Date: ____________________
Tracking No: ________________
Director General
Federal Agency
(Official stamp/ Seal)

Appendix-B.11
SCHEDULE VII
[See regulation 13(2)]
UNDERTAKING
I . (full name and address) as

proponent for ..(name description and
location of project) do hereby solemnly affirm and declare that I fully
understand and accept the conditions contained in the approval accorded
by the Federal Agency bearing tracking no dated
.., and undertake
to design, construct and operate the project strictly in accordance with the
said conditions and the IEE/EIA.
Date: ___________________
Signature:
___________________________
Name and
Designation of proponent:
_____________
(Official stamp/seal):
__________________
Witnesses
(full names and addresses)
________________________
________________________

Appendix-B.12
SCHEDULE VIII
(See regulation 20)
FORM OF REGISTERS FOR IEE AND EIA PROJECTS
S. No. Description Relevant information
1 2 3
Tracking number.
Category type (as per Schedules I and II).
Name of proponent.
Name and designation of contact person
Name of consultant
Description of project.
Location of project.
Project capital cost.
Date of receipt of IEE/EIA.
Date of confirmation of completeness.
Approval granted (Yes/No).
Date of approval granted or refused.
Conditions of approval/reasons for refusal.
Date of Undertaking.
Date of extension of approval validity
Period of extension.
Date of commencement of construction.
Date of issue of confirmation of compliance.
Date of commencement of operations.
Dates of filing of monitoring reports.
Date, of cancellation, if applicable.
HAFIZ ABDULLAH AWAN

Deputy Secretary (A)

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Lahore Development Authority

Construction of Signal Free Corridors

NR. DESCRIPTION PAGE

Nr. Abbreviation Description

1. Census Reports of Punjab/Lahore District

2. Environmental Impact Assessment-Improvement of Canal Bank Roads

4. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and subsequent additions-

5. PC-1 / Project Cost Estimates of the proposed Project

6. Transport Master Plan for Lahore-2030

2. Environmental Baseline Data

2.3 Air Quality

2.4 Noise Level

Nr Location Min. Noise Leve Max. Noise Leve Prescribed L

1 Liberty Roundabout 68.2(0300 hours) 74.6(1900 hours) 85

Ground water quality is fresh (defined as acceptable in terms of its salinity).Raw

2.6 Flora and Fauna

No endangered species exist in the project area.

2.7 Socio-economic Level

The entire length of the project is surrounded by varying socio-economic level of

2.8 Cultural and Religious Resources

2.9 Public Consultation and Disclosure

iii. Effect on fauna is negligible.

iv. Since no land acquisition or removal of any settlement is involved,

v. The positive impact of enhanced traffic facility thereby reducing the

vi. No significant negative impacts are foreseen during operation stage of

3.2 Possible Negative Impacts

The likely negative impacts that are likely to be involved include:

i. Only a small public property measuring 15,500 sq.ft. is to be

ii. A small piece of land measuring about 28-marlas is to be acquired under

iii. Although the Project involves some significant adverse environmental

v. The trees / plants falling in the right-of-way will be replaced by fresh-

The likely negative impacts are proposed to be mitigated as under:

i. Upon completion of the project certain pedestrian linkages would be

ii. In order to mitigate impact of cutting of trees and plants, it is planned to

iii. Local persons should be preferred in jobs of the construction activities.

v. The Contractor is under obligation to keep the site of works in sanitary

vi. Monitoring of noise, air quality, social problems, and aesthetics is

5. Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan has been developed to monitor all the

6. Cost for Mitigation Measures

7. Project Implementation Feasible in Environment Terms

Construction of the proposed project is environmentally feasible provided that the

The Lahore Development Authority (LDA) has planned improvement of roads-

1.2 Project Components

The project comprises:

Improvement of Shadman Chowk-Provision of Underpass

1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

The real objective of an EIA is sometimes forgotten by individuals and

1.3.2 Need for EIA

According to Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA, 1997) Appendix-B

1.4 Objectives of the EIA Study

Identification of all requirements as set forth by Pakistan Environmental

The end-users / society is also benefited, such as:

enhanced protection of natural ecosystems, habitats and landscapes;

1.5 Roles and Responsibilities

1.5.1 Executing Agency

The Executive Agency of the project is Lahore Development Authority (LDA)

1.5.2 Implementation of Mitigation Measures

Mitigation measures shall be implemented through Environment Management