CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

& QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Mohd Zaizu bin Ilyas

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2013/2014
Lecture:

Tuesday: 2.00pm-4.00pm (DKQ2)

Thursday: 10.00am-11.00am (DKQ2)

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INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Industrial Safety

CHAPTER 2: Industrial Hazards

CHAPTER 3: Concept of Hazard Avoidance

CHAPTER 4: The OSHA Act, Standards, and Liability

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QUALITY MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 5: Introduction to Quality Management

CHAPTER 6: TQM Tools and Techniques

CHAPTER 7: TQM Principles and Practices

CHAPTER 8: Quality Standards

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 COURSE OUTCOMES
CO1: Ability to define and understand fundamentals of Industrial Safety
and Quality Management.

CO2: Ability to apply techniques and tools of Quality Management.

CO3: Ability to apply Industrial Safety standards.

CO4: Ability to identify suitable techniques and tools to implement in

production management.

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COURSE EVALUATION
Final Examination : 50%
Course Work : 50%
a) Test 1 - (10%)
b) Test 2 - (10%)
c) Test 3 - (10%)
d) Quizzes - (10%)
e) Assignments- (10%)

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Text Book:
David L. Goetsch, Quality Management Introduction to Total
Quality Management for Production, Processing, and Services. 5th
Ed., Pearson Prantice Hall, 2006.

C. Ray Asfahl, Industrial Safety and Health Management, 5th Ed.,

Pearson Prantice Hall, 2003.

References:
David L. Goetsch, Occupational Safety and Health, for
Technologists, Engineering, and Managers., 5th ed., Prentice Hall.
2005.

Willie Hammer, Dennis Price, Occupational Safety Management and

Engineering., 5th ed., Prentice Hall. 2001.

Howard S. Gitlow et. al,Quality Management, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill.

2005
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8
ATTENDANCE
Compulsory unless you have acceptable reasons.

Non-attendance of up to 3 days or more will result

in a show-cause letter to be issued.

Students who do not meet the minimum

requirement (80%) of class attendance will be
recommended to repeat the course the following
year.

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL
SAFETY
1.1 Development Before the Industrial Revolution
1.2 Milestones in the Safety Movement
1.3 Development of Accident Prevention Programs
1.4 Development of Safety Organizations
1.5 Safety and Health Movement Today
1.6 Integrated Approach to safety and Health

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 Definition
Safety is the state of being safe, the condition
of being protected against physical, social,
spiritual, financial, or other types or
consequences of failure, damage, error,
accidents, harm or any other event which could
be considered non-desirable.

This can take the form of being protected from

the event or from exposure to something that
causes health or economical losses.

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Development Before The Industrial Revolution
Understanding the past can help safety and health
professionals examine the present and future with a
sense of perspective and continuity.

During ancient Babylonians, their ruler Hammurabi

developed Code of Hammurabi. (circa 2000 B.C)

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Development Before The Industrial Revolution
The code encompassed all of the laws of the land at that
time, showed Hammurabi to be just a ruler, and set a
precedent followed by other Mesopotamian kings.

The significance of the code from the perspective of

safety and health is that it contained clauses dealing with
injuries, allowable fees for physicians and monetary
damages assessed against those who injured others.

If a man has caused the loss of a gentlemans eye, his

own eye shall be caused to be lost.

This movement continued and emerged in later

Egyptians civilization.

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Development Before The Industrial Revolution
To ensure the maintenance of a workforce
sufficient to build huge temple bearing his name,
Rameses II created an industrial medical service
to care for the workers. (circa 1500 B.C)

The workers were required to bathe daily in the

Nile and they were given regular medical
examinations. Sick workers were isolated.

The Romans were vitally concerned with safety

and health. The remains of their construction
projects were:
Aqueducts
Sewerage systems
Public baths
Latrines
Well-ventilated houses
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Development Before The Industrial Revolution
Contribution of Bernardino
Ramazzini (18th century), who wrote
Discourse on the Diseases of
Workers.

Ramazzini drew conclusive parallel

between diseases suffered by
workers and their occupations.

He related occupational diseases to

the handling of a harmful materials to
irregular or unnatural movements of
the body.
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Development Before The Industrial Revolution
The changes in production brought about by the
Industrial Revolution can be summarized as follows:
(According to LaDou)

Introduction of inanimate power (i.e., steam power) to

replace people and animal power
Substitution of machine for people
Introduction of new methods for converting raw
materials
Organization and specialization of work, resulting in a
division of labor

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 Milestones In The Safety Movement
During the Industrial Revolution, child labor in factories
was common (working hours were long, the work hard
and the conditions often unhealthy and unsafe).

The people in Manchester, England began demanding

better working conditions in the factories due to an
outbreak fever among the children working in cotton
mills.

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 Milestones In The Safety Movement
Government response; in 1802, the Health and Morals of
Apprentices Act was passed.

This was a milestone piece of legislation: It marked the

beginning of governmental involvement in workplace
safety.

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 Milestones In The Safety Movement
In United States, hazardous working conditions were the
commonplace.
In 1867, factory inspection was introduced in
Masachussetts.
In 1868, the first barrier safeguard was patented.
In 1869, the Pennsylvania legislature passed a mine
safety law requiring two exits from all mines.

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 Milestones In The Safety Movement

In 1877, the Massachusetts legislature passed a law

requiring safeguards for hazardous machinery.

In 1892, the first recorded safety program was

established in a Joliet, Illinois.

Around 1900, Frederick Taylor began studying

efficiency in manufacturing. The purpose was to identify
the impact of various factors on efficiency, productivity
and profitability.

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 Milestones In The Safety Movement
In 1907, the U.S Department of the Interior created the
Bureau of Mines to investigate accidents, examine
health hazards and make recommendations for
improvements.
In 1908, early form of workers compensation was
introduced in the United States.

United States Bureau of Mines

employee conducting a test, circa
1920 21
Development Of Accident Prevention Programs
In the modern workplace, there are many different types
of accident prevention programs ranging from the simple
to the complex.

Widely used accident prevention techniques include

failure minimization, fail-safe designs, isolation, lockouts,
screening, personal protective equipment, redundancy
and time replacements.

Early 1800s, employer had little concern for the safety of

workers and little incentive to be concerned.

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Development Of Accident Prevention Programs
Between World War I and World War II, industry
discovered the connection between quality and safety.

During World War II, troop call-ups and deployments

created severe labor shortages.

According to the Society of Manufacturing Engineers,

around this time industry began to realize the following:
i. Improved engineering could prevent accidents
ii. Employees were willing to learn and accept safety
rules.
iii. Safety rules could be establish and enforced
iv. Financial savings from safety improvement could be
reaped by savings in compensation and medical bills. 23
Development Of Accident Prevention Programs
Early safety program were based on the Three
Es of safety: Engineering, Education and
Enforcement.

Enforcement

Education

Engineering

Figure 1.1: Three Es of safety

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Development Of Accident Prevention Programs
Engineering
Involve making design improvements to both
product and process.

Education
Ensures that employees know how to work safely, why it is
important to do so, and that safety is expected by
management.

Enforcement
Involves making sure that employees abide by safety
policies, rules, regulations, practices and procedures.

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 Development of Safety Organizations
Numerous organizations involved to the
promotion of safety and health in the
workplace.
The grandfather of all is National Safety
Council (NSC).
NSC is the largest organization at the
United States devoted solely to safety and
health practices and procedures.
It purpose is to prevent losses (direct &
indirect), arising out of accidents or from
exposure to unhealthy environment.

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 Development of Safety Organizations
Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) is
the government's administrative arm for the
Occupational Safety and Health Act. (OSH Act 1970 U.S,
OSH Act 1994 Malaysia)
OSHA sets and revokes safety and health standards,
conducts inspections, investigates problems, issues
citations, assesses penalties, petitions the courts to take
appropriate action against unsafe employers, provides
safety training, provides injury prevention consultation,
and maintain a database of health and safety statistics.

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 Development of Safety Organizations
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) is part of the Centers for Disease Control of the
Department of Health and Human Services.
NIOSH is required to publish annually a comprehensive
list of all known toxic substances.
NIOSH also provide on-site tests potentially toxic
substances.

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Development of Safety Organizations

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 Safety and Health Movement Today
One of the earliest and most vocal proponents of the
cooperative or integrated approach was H.G Dyktor. He
proposed the following objectives of integration:
1) Learn more through sharing knowledge about health
problems in the work place, particularly those caused by
toxic substances.
2) Provide a greater level of expertise in evaluating health
and safety problems.
3) Provide broad database that can be used to compare
health and safety problems experienced by different
companies in the same industry.
4) Encourage accident prevention.
5) Make employee health and safety a high priority.
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 Integrated Approach to safety and helth
OSHA reinforces the integrated approach by requiring
companies to have a plan for doing at least the following:

1) Providing appropriate medical treatment for injured or ill

worker.
2) Regularly examining workers who are exposed to toxic
substances
3) Having qualified first-aid person available during all
working hours.

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Integrated Approach to safety and
Health
According to Hamilton and Hardy, the health and safety
staff in a modern industrial company may include the
Thank You
following position:

1) Providing Industrial hygience chemist or engineer.

Any Questions?
2) Radiation control specialist
3) Industrial safety engineer or manager.

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 Integrated Approach to safety and helth
Dr. LaDuo : From 1992-2005, he was director of the
International Center for Occupational Medicine at
the University of California, San Francisco

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