House Fly - Appearance, Behaviour, Diet and Facts: Physical Appearance of A Housefly
House Fly - Appearance, Behaviour, Diet and Facts: Physical Appearance of A Housefly
House Fly - Appearance, Behaviour, Diet and Facts: Physical Appearance of A Housefly
and Facts
August 7, 2013 by Ankit 4 Comments
There are 100,000 species of flies in the world. Most of them have the same life
cycle and have an average life span of a month.
They can only be differentiated by their physical attributes, feeding habits or habitats.
Out of these 100,000 types of flies, housefly is the most common breed of flies found
in our household.
And today, in this post, I am going to highlight some interesting facts about
houseflies. But before that, lets have a look at the physical appearance of a fly.
Physical Appearance of a Housefly:
Each adult female fly can lay up to 2000 eggs in its life time. The eggs are laid in a
batch of about 75 to 150 in a damp environment (like garbage, composite or manure)
where food is available in abundance. Within a day, larvae also called as maggots
are hatched from the eggs. The larvae are pale colored, 4-8 mm in length, they feed
on the food for next 5 to 14 days.
After this the maggots crawl to a cool and dry place to pupate. Fly pupae are barrel
shaped, 5-8 mm long and have resistant reddish or brown colour outer coating. The
pupae converts to an adult fly after 3-4 weeks. After emerging from pupae, the flies
cease to grow and lives for about 1 month.
Interesting Facts about House Flies:
Flies have compound eyes, which give them an ability to detect movements and
changing light patterns.
House flies cannot bite as their mouth parts are only made for taking semi solid
and liquid foods.
House flies have small hind wings which gives them a very good flight stability.
The growth of a house fly stops after coming out of their pupae.
Small size of a fly doesnt mean that its young, it simply means that it didnt
receive proper nutrition in the larvae stage.
A Housefly defecates about 300 times in a single day i.e. once in every 4-5
minutes.
House flies are the carriers of many diseases, and they are known to transfer over
100 pathogens resulting in some serious diseases like typhoid, tuberculosis,
cholera and dysentery.
The feet of a housefly are 10 million times more sensitive to sugar than human
tongue.
Houseflies are equipped with glue oozing toe-pads and this helps them to walk
upside down.
A fly beats its wings 200 times in a second, which is thrice faster than a humming
bird.
Houseflies can travel a distance 300 times of their length in one second; a jet
travelling at the speed of sound can only travel 100 times its length in a second.
Drain Flies
Gnats
Sand Flies
Cluster Flies
Deer Flies
Horse Flies
Blow Flies
[NOTE: Before going through the above articles, I would suggest you to read this
article first and then read the specific article about the particular fly type that has
infested your household. This will help you to understand and implement the
solutions and methods discussed here in an effective way.]
How Flies Are Bad For Us:
Flies are the carriers of very deadly diseases, they infest meat and other food items,
some of their species also spread food poisoning bacteria like Salmonella enteritidis.
The habitat of a fly makes it perfectly suited for spreading diseases. Fly is a restless
insect, it moves back and forth between food and filth and this helps it in spreading
infections faster.
It is attracted to the food by its sense of smell, however it cannot eat solid food.
When it reaches the food it vomits on the solid food and creates a solution of it, then
sucks it and thus contaminates the food.
Below, I have highlighted some diseases that are caused by flies:
Flies can cause typhoid and paratyphoid fevers.
They can also spread some other diseases like diarrhea and dysentery, cholera,
conjunctivitis etc. by mechanical contamination.
Other diseases carried by house flies include salmonella, anthrax and
tuberculosis.
They are also known to transmit the eggs of parasitic worms.
Sand flies found in South America, Africa and Europe are carriers of a micro-
organism responsible for a disease that eats away the human skin. This disease
is known as Leishmaniasis.
Before moving further, lets see the life cycle of a fly.
Understanding The Fly Life Cycle:
There are 4 major stages in the life cycle of a typical housefly. In the beginning of
first stage, 150 eggs are laid in a moist environment (like garbage, composite or
manure) where food is available in abundance.
Next, eggs began to hatch within a day and the larva feeds on the food for 5-14
days. After this, the larva crawls to some dry place to pupate. The pupae transforms
to an adult after 3-4 weeks. Adult flies can live for about a month and during this time
they can produce 500 to 2,000 eggs.
This can give you an idea how fast flies can grow. Now, lets have a look at the
techniques that can be used to get rid of flies.
How To Get Rid Of Flies:
The process of getting rid of flies can be divided into two stages:
Stage 1 (Fly Control Techniques) Stage 1 primarily comprises of the methods
that can be used to control the further growth of flies. In fly control techniques, we try
to control the growth of flies by cleaning or rather destroying their breeding sources.
This will help to stop any further growth of flies as after this they will have no place to
lay eggs.
Stage 2 (Fly Elimination Techniques) Now, after destroying the breeding place
of flies, we will be left only with the adult flies. Since they now have no place to lay
eggs, so the fly problem will get solved by killing these adult flies. And this is Stage 2
of the process.
Recommended Reading: How to get rid of gnats
Stage 1: Fly Control Techniques:
At this stage we are going to control the growth of flies by destroying their breeding
sources. Lets see the steps involved in this process:
Step 1 Identify:
First of all identify the species of the fly that you mostly see in the infested area. You
can use the below table to do this. In this table, I have compiled the data about
commonly found species of flies and their possible breeding sites.
Step 2 Find the Breeding Source:
Now after you have identified the species of fly that has infested your household,
check its breeding sources from the table and find the similar sites in the vicinity of
the infested area. Please note that such sources could be located up to 500 800
meters away from the place of infestation.
This step may take time, but then you cannot skip this step as it is the most
important step in the whole process.
Step 3 Clean the Breeding Source:
Using the above steps, you will prevent new generations of flies from
reproducing in your area. But then, you may have to use some other methods to get
rid of the individual flies that may come till next 1 3 months (because this is the
maximum lifespan of an adult fly).
Stage 2: Fly Eradication Techniques:
In stage 2 of the process, we are going to have a look at some methods to kill or
repel the adult flies in the infested areas. In this section, we are going to see some
quick fire ways to eradicate flies.
When you talk about fly eradication methods, there are hundreds of them but in this
article we will only see the best ones.
Also, for the sake of simplicity we will classify these methods into 7 major categories.
You can pick any method from any category to see if it works in your case or not.
These categories are as follows:
Category 1: Fly Repellents:
1. Using Vodka Based Fly Repellents:
To make this
deterrent, take a lemon and cut it into two halves. After this, poke 6-12 cloves into
each half of the lemon.
And then, you can keep few such clove poked lemons in a plate as a beautiful
centerpiece for your table, especially for the times when you have meals with friends
outdoor like in a barbeque party.
Alternatively, you could also use clove oil as it works better than solid cloves.
4. Creating Apple Cider Vinegar and Witch Hazel fly Repellent:
This is a natural fly repellent that works mostly against house flies. To make this
repellent, you would need following ingredients:
1/4 cup witch hazel
1/4 cup apple cider vinegar
30 60 drops of eucalyptus oil
To make this repellent mix 1/4 cup witch hazel and 1/4 cup apple cider vinegar. After
this, add 30 60 drops of eucalyptus oil in the solution and shake the mixture well.
Now, you can apply this repellent on the uncovered areas of your body. Please note
that do not let this solution to enter your eyes or mouth.
5. Using herbs like Basil, Lavender, and Mint to deter flies:
Flies do not like the fragrance of certain aromatic herbs, such as Elder, Basil,
Lavender, Tansy, Wormwood, Rue, and Mint.
A fly vacuum is a type of small but powerful hand held vacuum cleaner
that runs on batteries. You only have to switch on the device and point in the
direction of flies to catch them.
Some variants of bug vacuum also have a trap door that securely traps the, insects
within the nozzle and prevents them from flying back out. With some practice you
can become a pro fly catcher with your portable vacuum.
Compare the efficiency of Fly Vacuum with other Fly Eradication Techniques [Click
Here]
Category 3: Mechanical Methods:
13. Using a Fly Gun:
contact.
The salt will not harm your walls or furniture but it is strong enough to easily kill flies.
This fly rifle is a non-toxic, battery-free device that allows you to have fun while
getting rid of flies.
Operating the device is also easy Fill the rifle with table salt, pump the slide action,
then take the safety off and you are ready to go hunting. With Bug-A-Salt you can kill
flies from several feet and with a bit of practice, you can take out flies in flight too.
Compare the efficiency of Bug-A-Salt with other Fly Eradication Techniques [Click
Here]
16. Using a Newspaper Roll:
Roll up a thick newspaper and then wait for these pesky culprits to land somewhere,
aim and hit. And yes, dont forget to wipe the bloody mess off the surface as it may
attract more flies.
17. Using a Rubber-band:
Few of such sprays are pet safe and some are even safe to be used on plants.
Regular repeated application for 1 or 2 weeks can give long lasting results. These
kinds of sprays work against multiple species of flies like: House Flies, Horse Flies,
Deer Flies, Flesh Flies, Bottle Flies, Cluster Flies, Stable Flies, Drain Flies, Gnats
etc.
The only thing that goes against them is that most of such fly sprays are toxic and
sometimes can have a bad impact on the environment.
Compare the efficiency of Chemical Fly Sprays with other Fly Eradication
Techniques[Click Here]
22. Using Dish Soap Spray:
Do you know which is the best anti fly spray?
Any Guesses?
Its your dish soap. Most dish soaps contain borax in tiny quantities. And borax in
small quantities (concentration below 5%) works as an insecticide, but it acts as an
insect repellent if its concentration is above 5%.
To make your own homemade fly killer spray take an empty spray bottle. And add 7
10 drops of dish soap; add 2 cups of warm water. Now close the lid of spray bottle,
shake the solution and your homemade fly killer spray is ready.
Spray it directly on the flies and watch them dying instantly. Borax dehydrates the
exoskeleton of the insects which eventually kills them.
Note: To make the solution more effective you can also try adding tsp of borax
powder to the solution.
Category 6: Biological Methods
23. Using Carnivorous Plants:
If you are searching for a very clean way to kill flies, then I would suggest you to
invest in some carnivorous plants like Venus Fly Trap or Sundew.
These plants are very attractive to look at, and in addition to this they do a steady job
of attacking, trapping, and digesting flies.
In terms of efficiency, and the quantity of flies they can consume, they are certainly
not the best but they are the cleanest option as they dont leave any mess after
killing flies.
Compare the efficiency of Carnivorous Plants with other Fly Eradication
Techniques[Click Here]
24. Using IGRs (Insect Growth Regulators):
IGR is an abbreviation used for insect growth regulator. Insect growth regulators are
one of the best biological methods to end a fly infestation.
IGRs are chemically manufactured hormones that interfere with the normal lifecycle
of an insect. When an insect grows, it undergoes a process called molting. During
this process the insect grows a new exoskeleton under its existing one, then sheds
the existing exoskeleton to grow further.
IGRs prevent the insects from reaching maturity by interfering with the molting
process. This ceases the further growth of the insect and because of this insect
never reaches the adult phase. And hence is unable to reproduce.
IGRs are mostly beneficial against drain flies, fruit flies, fungus gnats and eye gnats.
25. Beneficial Nematodes:
Beneficial nematodes are microscopic (not visible with naked eyes) round worms
that act as parasites. Once installed, they search for specific fly species larvae, and
other soil-borne pests, penetrate them and then consume the pest larvae from inside
out.
It should be noted that they do not harm people, pets, plants, or earthworms. They
are safe to use and once installed they can work for as long as 18 months.
26. Pyrethrin Based Insecticide Sprays:
Pyrethrins are a class of organic compounds that have insecticidal properties.
Pyrethrins affect the insects by targeting their nervous systems. In nature
Pyrethrin occurs in the Chrysanthemum flowers.
And because of this it is
considered to be the safest insecticides known to man till date. You can get the
concentrated pyrethrin based insecticide from any farm supply or agricultural
chemical firms.
The concentration of the insecticide in the spray varies according to the animal to be
treated. For example: if you wish to treat cattle then you should buy the formulation
labelled specifically for them.
For best results, Pyrethrin based insecticides must be sprayed daily on the livestock.
But partial control can also be achieved by spraying it on every other day. You could
spray the insecticide directly or can use a sponge to do this.
Note: Please note that even this is a naturally occurring insecticide but still it is toxic.
Use it with due caution.
Category 7: Miscellaneous Methods
27. Using Clear Plastic Bags Filled with Water:
Some people have reported to deter flies by using a transparent plastic bag half filled
with water. Scientists also support this method for repelling flies. They say that flies
have compound eyes, which means that they have around 8000 lenses in each eye.
This gives them a great ability to detect movement and changing light patterns. A
bag of water reflects light in all directions and flies do not like to be near such a thing.
But the drawback with this method is that it could only be used during the day time.
However, you can use an artificial light source during night time but then it doesnt
works that well.
28. Using Fresh Orange Peel:
Have you ever noticed why many commercially manufactured bug repellents contain
orange or lemon extracts? These extracts are not only for the scent in the product
but they are also excellent bug repellents.
You can also try putting fresh citrus peels in the fly infested area or place the peels in
a small cloth or muslin teabag near the infested area. Rub the peels every once in a
while to keep the scent fresh.
Note: Please do not use this remedy for fruit flies because they are attracted to the
orange peels. This method works best for house flies.
29. Using a Pole Fan to Keep Flies Away:
If flies become a huge problem when you are cooking outdoors or having a barbecue
party with your friends, then this is perhaps the best and hassle free home remedy
for flies.
Get a standing pole fan, switch it ON and point it towards the grill or table, besides
keeping you cool, it will also keep flies and mosquitoes away.
If it is possible, you can also try cooking food using firewood or charcoal. Because
when there is smoke there is less chance of flies.
30. Hair Spray for Swatting Flies:
We all know that, Hairsprays work by creating a liquid elastic layer over your hair that
quickly stiffens your hair.
Can you guess what happens when you spray it on a fly?
When you spray Hairspray on a fly, it freezes the wings of a fly and hence the fly
becomes slow and becomes an easy target.
But then, who would want to waste his hairspray on a fly. Definitely not me!