IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

2, Issue 10, 2014 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Effect of Replacement of Natural Sand by M-Sand as Fine Aggregate in

Concrete
Shivang. D. Jayswal1 Prof. A. G. Hansora2 Prof. A. A. Pandya3
1
Student of M.E 2Assistant Professor 3Associate Professor
1,2,3
Department of Applied Mechanics
1,2
L.D College of Engineering Ahmedabad, India-380015 3Shantilal Shah Engineering College
Bhavnagar, India-364060
Abstract Shortage of good quality Natural sand (N-Sand) Based on experimental investigation, it is found
due to depletion of resources and limitation due to that quarry dust can be used as an alternative
environmental consideration has made concrete material to the natural river sand. The physical and
manufacturers to look for suitable alternative fine aggregate. chemical properties of quarry dust satisfy the
One such alternative is Manufactured Sand. Manufactured requirements of fine aggregate. It is found that
sand is also known as M-Sand. M-Sand has caught the quarry dust improves its mechanical property of
attention of the construction industry and environmentalists concrete if used along with super plasticizer. Usage
alike for its quality and the minimum damages it causes to of quarry dust it will also reduce the cost of
nature. The intense of this research is to experimentally concrete because it is a waste material from
investigate the effect of M-Sand in structural concrete by quarries. Use of quarry dust in concrete will also
replacing N-Sand. It is recommended to determine and reduce the disposal problem.[3]
compare the differences in properties of concrete containing
N-sand sand and M-sand. A. Advantages Of M-Sand:
Key words: N-Sand, M-Sand, Test On Fresh Concrete M-Sand doesnt contain impurities like silt. This
sand doesnt contain any organic matter so; M-sand
I. INTRODUCTION is uniform material as fine aggregate.
Usage of M-Sand can significantly reduce the cost since like M-sand is made from only one type of stone so the
N-Sand, it does not contain impurities and wastages is null binding strength between the particles is good.
since it is made with modern-technology and machinery. M-sand has proper gradation of coarse & fine
Though M-Sand has been in use in concrete manufacturing aggregate so voids are filled completely. This
in India, the percentage of its contribution is still very reduces the cement consumption.
negligible in many parts of the country. Except in Kerala M-Sand has constant fineness modulus of
and in some pockets in Southern and Western India, real aggregate because it has manufactured by machine
processed M-Sand is not available and this makes so no need of the change in concrete mix design.
manufacturing of good quality of concrete very difficult. M-sand can be produced in ample quantity so it is
The application of concrete meeting the requirement is of cheaper as compare to natural sand.
vital importance, to ensure construction of durable R.C.C. M-Sand is manufactured from the wastage product
structure. Hence durable concrete covers and bears the (i.e. 6mm / 12mm) material of crushers so it is not
responsibility of sustaining the entire R.C.C. structure much harmful to the nature.
throughout it service life. A well processed M-Sand as
replacement to N-Sand is the need of the hour as a long term II. PROJECT WORK
solution in Indian concrete industry until other suitable The materials usually used in the concrete mix are cement,
alternative fine aggregate are established. fine aggregate (M-Sand & N-Sand), coarse aggregate. In
Prof. B.V.Venkatrama reddy [1] used two grades of this project we compare the compressive strength of normal
concrete M20 & M30 were tested for their concrete has been made by N-Sand (NC) with concrete
characteristics in fresh and hardened state which has made by M-Sand of concrete grade M25. Six
conclusion of this reference is that compressive cube casted for both type of concrete, three cube tested after
strength of concrete with M-Sand is marginally 7 days curing and another three cube tested after 28 days of
higher (6 to 9 %) when compare to N Sand curing period. The materials used in this project for concrete
containing concrete. And as per IS 456 code - mix are
specifies a minimum slump of 50 mm for medium
workability. Both grade of concrete meet this A. Cement:
requirement when M-Sand is used as fine aggregate Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is far the most important
in concrete. type of cement. The OPC is classified into three grades
Quarry dust has lots of finer dust particle than sand. namely, 33 grade, 43 grade and 53 grade depending upon
Which reduce the workability of concrete. To the strength of the cement at 28 days when tested as per IS
compensate this problem super plasticizer was 4031-1988. Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade of
used. Combination of quarry dust and silica fume ULTRATECH cement is used in this experimental work.
exhibiting good performance due to efficient micro Conforming weight of each cement bag was 50 kg.
filling ability and pozzolanic action of silica fume. Value Standard
From this can conclude that 100% of sand with No. Property observed value
quarry dust shows good strength and durability.[2] for OPC
in

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 628

 Effect of Replacement of Natural Sand by M-Sand as Fine Aggregate in Concrete
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 10/2014/140)

Investigation

Not exceed 10 Maximum size of aggregate (MSA) 10 mm 20mm

1 Fineness (%) 1.66
%
2 Specific Gravity 3.15 -
Specific gravity 2.71 2.85
Initial setting Water absorption 3.3 1.1
3 time In >30 min
Table 4: Basic Property Of Coarse Aggregate
(min.)
1) Admixture:
Final setting An admixture is defined as a material, other than the
4 time 290 min <600 min cement, water and aggregate, i.e. uses as an ingredient of
(min.) concrete and is added to the batch immediately before or
Compressive strength during mixing. But in this study we didnt use admixture.

1 3 days 28.58 >27 D. Concrete Mix Design:

2 7days 45.81 >37 The concrete used for the study which grad was M-25.
Concrete was designed to achieve this strength (31.6 N/mm2
3 28 days 56.21 >53 target mean strength) at 28days.
Table 1: Properties Of Cement The concrete mix design was designed by
following set up by IS 10262:2009 and IS 456:2000.The
B. Fine Aggregates: mix design was done on a trial and error basis performing
1) Natural Sand: permutations and combinations with the aggregate and
It should be passed through IS Sieve 4.75 mm. It should cement content, so as to achieve the desired target strength.
have fineness modulus 2.00-3.50 and silt contents should The targeted slump to be achieved was in the range 50
not be more than 4%. Coarse sand should be either river 100mm.admixture were not used in the concrete. Proportion
sand or pit sad; or combination of the two. In our region, of mix for NC (using natural river sand) is 1:1.45:2.86 and
fine aggregates can be found from bed of Sabarmati River. It for MC (using m-sand) is 1:1.64:2.77
confirms to IS 383-1970 which comes under Zone II. Mix proportion for 1m3
Sr.no property value
NC MC
1 Specific Gravity 2.42
420.00
2 Fineness modulus 2.75 Cement 420.00 kg/ m3
kg/ m3
3 Water Absorption 4.52 189.00
4 zone II Water 189.00 kg/ m3
kg/ m3
5 Surface texture smooth 852.10
CA- 20mm 825.1 kg/ m3
Table 2: Basic Property Of N-Sand kg/ m3
2) Manufacturing Sand: 347.30
Fine aggregate used in this research is M- sand. Fine C.A- 10mm 336.2 kg/ m3
kg/ m3
aggregates are the aggregates whose size is less than
4.75mm. 607.1
F.A sand 690.1 kg/ m3
Sr.no property value kg/ m3
1 Specific Gravity 2.61 Table 5: Mix Proportion
2 Fineness modulus 3.35
III. EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
3 Water Absorption 4.52
Both type of test were conducted as
4 zone I
Test on fresh state (slump test) &
5 Surface texture smooth Test on hardened state (compression test)
Table 3: Basic Property Of M-Sand A. Test On Fresh Concrete:
C. Coarse Aggregate: A mould for the tests specimen is in the form of the frustum
of cone having dimension i.e. bottom diameter 200mm, top
Coarse aggregate of nominal size of 20mm is chosen and
diameter 100mm and height 300mm. tamping rod-the
tests to determine the different physical properties as per IS
tamping rod was 16 mm diameter, 0.6 m long and rounded
383-1970. Test results conform to the IS 383 (PART III)
at one end. Conforming to Indian standard IS 1199-1959,
recommendations.
Section-5.
PARTICULARS C.A-I C.A-

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 629

 Effect of Replacement of Natural Sand by M-Sand as Fine Aggregate in Concrete
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 10/2014/140)

B. Test On Hardened Concrete Cube Compressive Strength V. CONCLUSION

Of Concrete: From the results of experimental works it is concluded that
A 200 ton capacity compression testing machine was used the M-Sand can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate.
for this test. It is found that 100 % replacement of fine aggregate by M-
The compressive strength, as one of the most Sand giving higher compressive strength as compare to the
important properties of hardened concrete, in general is the normal concrete. The results proved that the 100 %
characteristic material value for classification of concrete. replacement N-Sand by M-Sand induced higher
28 days cube compressive strength is tested on cubes of size compressive strength. M-sand has finer particles compare to
150mmx150mmx150mm and 28 days compressive strength N-Sand. Due to finer particles it reduces the workability of
is tested. MC.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS REFERENCES

A. Slump Of Concrete: [1] Prof. B V Venkatrama reddy Suitability of
The quality control parameters most often used for fresh manufactured sand (M-Sand) as fine aggregate in
concrete are workability and air content. The standard slump mortars and concrete, csic project: cp
cone test can still be used as a quality control measure. 6597/0505/11-330, 5th July 2011
Type of concrete Slump in mm [2] V.Priyadharshini, A.Krishnamoorthi High
performance concrete using quarry dust as fine
NC 86 aggregate vol-2 issue: 2, issn_no:2320-723x, jun-
MC 77 2014
[3] Anita selva Sofia S.D, Gayathri.R and Swathi.G
B. Compressive Strength: Experimental investigation on quarry dust
Three cube sample for both concrete NC and MC were concrete with chemical admixture vol-2, issue-2,
tested to determine the 7 days and 28 days compressive 2013
strength using a 2000kN Compression Testing Machine. [4] IS: 383-1970, Specification for Course and Fine
Graph-1 show the comparison of compressive strength of Aggregate from Natural Sources for Concrete,
NC & MC at 7 days and Graph-2 show the comparison of Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
compressive strength of NC & MC at 28 days. [5] IS: 2386 IS 2386, part-1-1963 Method of test for
aggregates for concrete-particle size & shape.
[6] IS: 2386, part-3-1963 method of test for aggregates
for concrete sp.gravity, density, voids and water
absorption
[7] IS: 10262, concrete mix proportioning guidelines.
[8] IS 516-1959 Method of test for strength of
concrete.

Graph 1: compressive strength at 7days

Graph 2: compressive strength at 28 days

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 630