Terrasil Presentation

WATERPROOFING
SOIL STABILIZATION
REDUCE BUILD INCREASE

EXPANSIVITY IMPERMEABLITY COMPACTION
GRANULAR / AGGREGATE
LAYER REPLACEMENT
IMPROVED EROSION USE LOCAL

CBR CONTROL SOILS
MAKE SOIL BASE INVISIBLE TO WATER
CAN DRY CBR BE USED AS A DESIGN PARAMETER ?
Maintain friction value

CBR Dry & Wet
FEATURES
Water soluble, spray application
UV and heat stable
Chemically converts water absorbing silanol groups to water

resistant alkyl siloxane surfaces at room temperature
Si-O-Si Siloxane bond (sand) survives for centuries
Works with all types of soils
One time full drying essential for performance
Non leachable, Safe Chemistry, REACH & TSCA registered

THE CHEMICAL ACTION
-OH groups make surface very hydrophilic (water loving)
Particle surface
OH OH OH OH OH OH OH
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O
O Si Si O Si Si Si Si
Si O
O O
O O O O O
O O
Soil / clay / Sand / Aggregate surface silicate structure

THE CHEMICAL ACTION
Water vapor comes out
Water vapor comes out 4 - 6 nm Alkyl

Siloxane surface
Terrasil creates molecular

O
level hydrophobic zone O
O
O O O
Si O Si Si Si Si Si Si
(water repellent) O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O
O Si Si
Particle
Si O Si O Si
O
Si Si
Internal
O O O
surface
O O O O O Siloxane bonds
Soil / Clay / Sand / Aggregate surface silicate structure after Terrasil reaction
EXPANSIVITY
Hydrated Soil expands horizontally & vertically creating swelling

pressure in the soil bases due to water absorption & adsorption
This typically causes undulation and cracking of the top

bituminous & concrete layers
Terrasil reduces expansivity by 90 % at dosage of 0.3 1 kg per

cum for soils ranging from PI 5 to 40
IMPERMEABILITY
Water permeability of 10-5 cm/s allows water ingress through

capillary rise and top down percolation
Terrasil solution (1:400 dilution with water) applied at 3 l/sqm

waterproofs 5-10 mm soil depth and reduces permeability
upto 10-7 cm/s
Physically it means water will require minimum of 100 days to

travel through this barrier
MAINTAINS BREATHABILITY TO
WATER VAPORS
One Way Barrier : Water drop cannot go in but
Water Vapor can come out
Water 1cc = 1200 cc Vapor (Avogadros Law)
Soil Sub-Base remains dry with Terrasil treatment

through out the rainy season due to > 99.5%
reduction in water ingress while maintaining 100% breathability
IMPERMEABILITY
Permeability reduced
by 500 folds
Cm/sec
CH (Black Cotton) Soil, India

COMPACTION
Proctor Density is less than maximum because of

repulsion of electrical charge on clay, sand, silt etc. and
improper distribution / variability of OMC water
Terrasil reacts with silanol groups and converts at a

nano level to alkyl-siloxane surface
Charge Shield & Lubricity Effect of alkyl chains helps

the soil to pack better even with variability of OMC near
the optimum range
Proctor Density of 99 102 are reported from field trials

Zycobond is a sub-micron acrylic co-
polymer emulsion with long life of 10+
years for bonding soil particles
It is recommended to mix with Terrasil

solution for one step expansivity control
and bonding to strengthen and stabilize
the soil
It imparts waterproofing and resists water

ingress through the unpaved areas like
shoulder/slopes
IMPROVED CBR FULL SCARIFICATION
Moisture : 11%, Density : 1.88
Sample CBR Water Expansion

5.0 mm (4 absorb of soil
days soak) (%) inch
Cm/sec
Control 10.5 3.5 1.83
Terrasil + 57.10 0.8 0.08

Cement
Terrasil+ 28.1 0.5 0.31
Zycobond
CEMENT SOIL STABILISATION
Cement stabilized soils lose strength due to

repeated wet & dry cycles
Water ingress causes Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) &

Carbonation to weaken calcium silicate bond
Terrasil prevents capillary rise and water ingress

from top to eliminate ASR & Carbonation
CBR rise upto 100 can be achieved by adding 1

% Cement in Terrasil solution or Terrasil
Zycobond mix treated soil
IMPROVED CBR CRUST REDUCTION
Cm/sec
EROSION CONTROL
Spraying Terrasil : Zycobond : Water (1:0.5:300) solution

on soil, gravel, distressed roads can be a universal
solution to achieve waterproofing and erosion control
Applications can range from surface stabilization of farm

roads, mines, side slopes and preventive maintenance
for distressed bitumen pavements particularly of cities &
rural areas
HAVE GOOD SOILS ? BE GREEN
SAVE FUEL
SAVE COST
USE LOCAL WITH TERRASIL

APPLICATIONS
Granular Sub-Base replacement in paved roads
Granular Sub-Base replacement & reduced thickness of

aggregate & bituminous layers in paved roads
High Load, High Traffic Rural / Mining / Oil & Gas etc.
unsealed roads
Low Load, Low Traffic Rural / Farm unsealed roads

EXECUTED PROJECTS
RUNWAY EXTENSION SUB-GRADE,
ENUGU AIRPORT, NIGERIA
Soil surface leveling Compacted soil layer
Spraying Terrasil Waterproofing confirmation

MULTI LAYER WATERPROOFED RURAL
ROAD, INDIA YEAR 2010
Untreated compacted Spraying Waterproofing confirmation

bottom layer
MULTI LAYER WATERPROOFED RURAL
ROAD, INDIA 4 YEARS PERFORMANCE
CONTROL
2010 2011 2012 2013
Repaired in
2010
TERRASIL & ZYCOSOIL

2010 2011 2012 2013
HONDURAS PROJECT
Scarification Spraying Scarifying treated soil
Compaction after Spraying on Finished top Surface

second spray compacted layer layer
THANK YOU

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WATERPROOFING

REDUCE BUILD INCREASE

IMPROVED EROSION USE LOCAL

Maintain friction value

UV and heat stable

Chemically converts water absorbing silanol groups to water

Si-O-Si Siloxane bond (sand) survives for centuries

Works with all types of soils

One time full drying essential for performance

Non leachable, Safe Chemistry, REACH & TSCA registered

-OH groups make surface very hydrophilic (water loving)

Soil / clay / Sand / Aggregate surface silicate structure

Water vapor comes out 4 - 6 nm Alkyl

Terrasil creates molecular

Hydrated Soil expands horizontally & vertically creating swelling

This typically causes undulation and cracking of the top

Terrasil reduces expansivity by 90 % at dosage of 0.3 1 kg per

Water permeability of 10-5 cm/s allows water ingress through

Terrasil solution (1:400 dilution with water) applied at 3 l/sqm

Physically it means water will require minimum of 100 days to

Water 1cc = 1200 cc Vapor (Avogadros Law)

Soil Sub-Base remains dry with Terrasil treatment

CH (Black Cotton) Soil, India

Proctor Density is less than maximum because of

Terrasil reacts with silanol groups and converts at a

Charge Shield & Lubricity Effect of alkyl chains helps

Proctor Density of 99 102 are reported from field trials

It is recommended to mix with Terrasil

It imparts waterproofing and resists water

Moisture : 11%, Density : 1.88

Sample CBR Water Expansion

Control 10.5 3.5 1.83

Terrasil + 57.10 0.8 0.08

Cement stabilized soils lose strength due to

Water ingress causes Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) &

Terrasil prevents capillary rise and water ingress

CBR rise upto 100 can be achieved by adding 1

Spraying Terrasil : Zycobond : Water (1:0.5:300) solution

Applications can range from surface stabilization of farm

USE LOCAL WITH TERRASIL

Granular Sub-Base replacement in paved roads

Granular Sub-Base replacement & reduced thickness of

Low Load, Low Traffic Rural / Farm unsealed roads

Spraying Terrasil Waterproofing confirmation

Untreated compacted Spraying Waterproofing confirmation

TERRASIL & ZYCOSOIL

Compaction after Spraying on Finished top Surface

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