013 Accident and Incident Reporting and Investigation

CAR PART 13
Republic of the Philippines
CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS (CAR)

PART 13
ACCIDENT & INCIDENT REPORTING &

INVESTIGATION
No. 02 21 January 2014

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RECORD OF AMENDMENTS
Amendment Date Subject Incorporated By

No.
Original Issue 24 June 2009 LT GEN William K
Hotchkiss III AFP (Ret)
First Amendment 01 August 2013 Inclusion of vertical LT GEN William K
(Recalled) bars on the previous Hotchkiss III AFP (Ret)
amendments. (Output of
Team Neil that was
published on 28 August
2012 without approval
of CAAP Board. To be
recalled upon
publication of new
version approved by
CAAP Board dated on
17 December 2012.)
First Amendment 17 December 2012 1) Upon its publication LT GEN William K
it will become the Hotchkiss III AFP (Ret)
st
first 1 Amendment
since; the output of
Team Neil will be
recalled from
publication as if it
did not exist.
Therefore, there are
only two existing
PCAR Part 13, the
original issued as 24
June 2009 and the
first 1st Amendment
dated 17 December
2012.
2) Change of Board
Resolution No. 09-
016 to 2012-068
3) Replacement of the
old PCAR Part 13 to
the latest
Amendment of
PCAR Part 13 which
incorporated of
amendment 13 of
annex 13

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Second 21 January 2014 1) Cover Page LT GEN William K

Amendment 2) Record of Hotchkiss III AFP (Ret)
Amendment
3) List of Effected
Pages
4) Table of Content
5) Alignments of
Paragraph

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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
Part Page Amendment No. Page Date

Part 13 Accident & Incident Reporting and Investigation
Cover Page i 2 21 January 2013
Board Resolution iii-iv 2 21 January 2013
Record of Amendments v 2 21 January 2013
List of Effective Pages vi-vii 2 21 January 2013
Table of Contents viii-xi 2 21 January 2013
Introduction xxii 1 17 December 2012
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CONTENTS
Subpart A: General. 13-1

13.001 Applicability.. 13-1
13.005 Definitions and Application 13-1
13.010 Acronyms & Abbreviations 13-5
13.015 Purpose of Investigations.. 13-5
Subpart B: Personal Responsibility: Accident/Incident Initial Reporting.. 13-8
13.020 Applicability. 13-8
13.025 Immediate Notification.. 13-8
13.030 Content of the Notification... 13-8
13.035 Relevant Persons.. 13-9
13.040 Forwarding by the Operator of an Accident or Incident Report. 13-9
13.045 Crew Member Statement.. 13-9
13.050 Where to File the Reports. 13-10
Subpart C: Actions Upon Receipt of Notification. 13-12
13.055 Occurrence in the Republic of the Philippines.. 13-12
13.060 Occurrence Outside the Republic of the Philippines 13-12
Subpart D: Preservation of Wreckage & Records. 13-15
13.070 Responsibility: Preservation & Protection of Wreckage and Accident Site. 13-15
13.075 Moving the Wreckage. 13-15
13.080 Access of Aircraft 13-16
13.085 Removing Goods or Baggage from the Aircraft.... 13-16
Subpart E: Accident & Incident Investigation 13-19
13.090 Applicability.. 13-19
13.095 Obligation to Investigate.... 13-19
13.100 Appointment of Investigators and Advisers 13-19
13.105 Public Notice........ 13-20
13.110 Powers of Investigator-in-charge..... 13-20
13.115 Duty IIC and Advisers. 13-21
13.120 Form and Conduct of Investigators. 13-22
13.125 Entitlement of Accredited Representative, Advisers and Expert from Other
Contracting States.. 13-22

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13.130 Appointment of Accredited Representative, Advisers and Expert to the State

Conducting the Investigation. 13-23
Subpart F: Investigation Reports.. 13-26
13.140 Actions of Investigator-in-charge 13-26
13.145 Publication of Reports.. 13-27
13.150 Safety Recommendations... 13-27
13.155 Reopening of Investigation.. 13-28
Subpart G: Mandatory & Voluntary Incident/Occurrence Reporting.. 13-31
13.160 General Applicability.. 13-31
13.165 Applicability to Persons & Organizations Involved 13-31
13.170 Objective of the Reporting Requirements.. 13-32
13.175 Items to be Reported. 13-32
13.180 Voluntary Reporting 13-33
13.185 Self-Disclosure of Non-Compliance... 13-33
13.190 Confidentiality of Reports. 13-33
13.195 Assurance Regarding Prosecution. 13-34
13.200 Action in Respect of License & Certificates.. 13-34
13.205 Possible Action by Employers.... 13-34
Subpart H: Release from Custody and Disposal of Aircraft Wreckage & Records. 13-36
13.210 Release from Custody.. 13-36
13.215 Disposal of Wreckage & Records 13-36
Subpart I: Miscellaneous 13-38
13.220 Non-Disclosure of Records.. 13-38
13.225 Obstruction of Investigation.. 13-38
13.230 Responsibility for Expenses.. 13-38
13.235 Offences... 13-39
13.240 Saving Powers. 13-39
13.245 Repealing Provision... 13-39
13.250 Effectivity.. 13-39
Implementing Standards 13-41
IS13.030 List of Examples of Serious Incidents 13-42
IS13.175-1 Mandatory Incident Reports: Aircraft Flight Operations.. 13-43
IS13.175-2 Mandatory Incident Reports: Aircraft Technical 13-45

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IS13.175-3 Mandatory Incident Reports: Air Navigation Occurrences.. 13-49

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FOREWORD
This Philippine Civil Aviation Regulation (PCAR) Part 13 s-2012, titled: Aircraft Accident
and Incident Investigation, contains amendments to implement the new provisions of Standards
and Recommended Practices (SARPs) of Annex 13 under Article 26 of ICAO (Chicago) Convention,
and the Corrective Actions Proposed (CAPs) per USOAP Audit Findings on Accident Investigation
Group (AIG) conducted to CAAP in CY-2009 which were duly considered and accepted by ICAO.
This is the first revision from the original Republic of the Philippines Civil Aviation
Regulation (CAR) Part 13 initially developed by CAAP in CY-2009, titled: Aircraft Accident and
Incident Investigation.
No. 01 17 December 2012

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SUBPART A: GENERAL
13.001 APPLICABILITY
(a) This Part contains requirements of the Republic of the Philippines pertaining to
(1) Personal responsibility for initial notification and later reporting of aircraft
incidents and accidents and certain other occurrences in the operation of aircraft,
wherever they occur, when they involve civil aircraft registered or operated by
Republic of the Philippines; when they involve certain public aircraft, as specified
in this part, wherever they occur; and when they involve foreign civil aircraft
where the events occur in Republic of the Philippines.
(2) Preservation of aircraft wreckage, mail, cargo, and re cords involving all civil and
certain public aircraft incidents and accidents, as specified in this part, in Republic of
the Philippines.
(3) Conformance to the international Standards for accident and incident reporting.
(b) This Part is applicable to the
(1) Organizations and operators that operate aircraft or provide services associated
with the safe operation of aircraft; and
(2) All Government agencies necessary to ensure the timely and correct investigation
and reporting of accidents.
(c) This Part is also applicable to
(1) All persons associated with the safe operations of aircraft;
(2) The general public where they have information pertinent to an accident or
incident investigation; and
(3) The technical persons that participate in the investigations.
13.005 DEFINITIONS AND APPLICATION

(a) As used in this part the following words or phrases are defined as follows
(1) Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP), means the publication issued by
the Authority in accordance with ICAO Annex 15.
(2) Accident, means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft
which, in the case of a manned aircraft, takes place between the time any person
boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons
have disembarked, or in the case of flight until such time it comes to rest at the
end of the flight and the primary propulsion system is shut down, in which
(i) A person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of
(A) being in the aircraft;
(B) Direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have
become detached from the aircraft, or
(C) Direct exposure to jet blast, except where the injuries arise from natural
causes, self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or where the person
injured is a stowaway hiding outside the areas normally available to the
passengers and crew;
(ii) The aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which
(A) Adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight

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characteristics of the aircraft, and

(B) Would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected
component, except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is
limited to a single engine, (including its cowlings or accessories), to
propellers, wing tips, antennas, probes, vanes, tires, brakes, wheels,
fairings, panels, landing gear doors, windscreens, the aircraft skin (such
as small dents or puncture holes), for minor damages to main rotor
blades, landing gear, and those resulting from hail or bird strike (including
holes in the radome); or
(iii) The aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible
Note 1. For statistical uniformity only, an injury resulting in death within thirty
days of the date of the accident is classified by ICAO, as a fatal injury.
Note 2. An aircraft is considered to be missing when the official search has
been terminated and the wreckage has not been located.
Note 3. The type of unmanned aircraft system to be considered for
investigation is only those with a design and/or operational approval.
Note 4. The guidance for the determination of aircraft damage as accident is
found in Attachment G of Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation, Tenth Edition July 2010.
(3) Accredited representative. means a person designated by a Contracting State,
on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of participating in an
investigation conducted by another State. Where the State has established an
accident investigation authority, the designated accredited representative would
normally be from that Authority;
(4) Adviser/Advisor. means a person appointed by a Contracting State, on the
basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of assisting its accredited
representative in an investigation conducted by another State;
(5) Aircraft. means any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the
reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earths surface;
(6) Annex 13. means Annex 13 to the Chicago Convention on International Civil
Aviation as amended from time to time by the Council of the ICAO;
(7) ATS. means air traffic services and includes flight information service, alerting
service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service, area control service,
approach control service and aerodrome control service;
(8) Causes. means actions, omissions, events, conditions, or a combination thereof,
which led to the accident or incident. The identification of causes does not imply
the assignment of fault or the determination of administrative, civil or criminal
liability;
(9) Chairman. means the Chairman of Aircraft Accident Investigation and Inquiry
Board appointed under RA 9497 section 42.
(10) Civil aircraft. Any aircraft other than a State aircraft.
(11) Contracting state. means any State which is a party to the Chicago
Convention;
(12) Final Report. means a report of an accident or incident in the format set out in
ICAO Annex 13 and which may be adapted to the circumstances of the accident
or incident under investigation;

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(13) Flight recorder. means any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the
purpose of complementing accident or incident investigation;
Note. Refer to Annex 6 ICAO, Parts I, II, III, for specifications relating to flight
recorders.
(14) Flying display. means a civilian organized event (including any rehearsal for
such event) which
(i) consists, wholly or partly, of an exhibition of flying of any civil or military
aircraft; and
(ii) takes place at an aerodrome or premises other than a naval, military or air
force aerodrome or premises;
(15) Government. The Government of the Philippines.
(16) Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation
of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of such operation;
Note 1: The Mandatory Reportable Incidents are listed in IS 13.175 1, 2, & 3.
Note 2: The types of incidents which are of main interest to the ICAO for
accident prevention studies are listed in IS 13.030. (List of Examples of Serious
Incidents).
(17) Investigation. A process conducted for the purpose of accident prevention
which includes the gathering and analysis of information, the drawing of
conclusions, including the determination of causes and/or contributing factors
and, when appropriate, the making of safety recommendations.
(18) Investigator. means an Investigator of Accidents appointed under paragraph
13.100(b);
(19) Investigator-in-charge. means a person designated by the Chairman on the
basis of his or her qualifications as such under paragraph 13.100(d) and
charged with the responsibility for the organization, conduct and control of an
investigation;
Note. Nothing in the above definition is intended to preclude the functions of an
investigator-in-charge being assigned to a commission or other body.
(20) Maximum mass. Maximum certificated take-off mass.
(21) Military aircraft. means an aircraft
(i) belonging to the Republic of the Philippines Armed forces; or
(ii) belonging to any of the naval, military or air forces of any State;
(22) Non-contracting state. means any State which is not a party to the Chicago
Convention;
(23) Operator. means a person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to
engage in aircraft operation;
(24) Owner. in relation to an aircraft which is registered, means the registered owner
of the aircraft;
(25) Pilot-in-command. in relation to an aircraft, means a person who for the time
being is in charge of the piloting of the aircraft without being under the direction
of any other pilot in the aircraft;
(26) Preliminary Report. means the communication used for the prompt
dissemination of data obtained during the early stages of the investigation;

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(27) Republic of the Philippines aircraft. means an aircraft that is registered in the
Republic of the Philippines;
(28) Republic of the Philippines operator. means an operator whose principal
place of business is located in or permanent residence is in Republic of the
Philippines;
(29) Safety recommendation. A proposal of an accident investigation authority
based on information derived from an investigation, made with the intention of
preventing accidents or incidents and which in no case has the purpose of
creating a presumption of blame or liability for an accident or incident. In
addition to safety recommendations arising from accident and incident
investigations, safety recommendations may result from diverse sources,
including safety studies;
(30) Serious incident. An incident involving circumstances indicating that there was
a high probability of an accident and is associated with the operation of an
aircraft which, in the case of a manned aircraft, takes place between the time
any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all
such persons have disembarked, or in the case of an unmanned aircraft, takes
place between the time the aircraft is ready to move with the purpose of flight
until such time it comes to rest at the end of the flight and the primary propulsion
system is shut down.
Note 1: The difference between an accident and a serious incident lies only in
the result.
Note 2: The types of incidents which are of main interest to the ICAO for
accident prevention studies are listed in ICAO Appendix 4. (List of Examples of
Serious Incidents.
(31) Serious injury. in relation to a person. An injury which is sustained by a person
in an accident and which:
(i) requires hospitalization for a period of more than 48 hours, commencing
within 7 days from the date the injury was received; or
(ii) results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fracture of fingers, toes or
the nose); or
(iii) involves lacerations which cause severe hemorrhage, nerve, muscle or
tendon damage; or
(iv) involves injury to any internal organ; or
(v) involves second or third degree burns or any burns affecting more than 5%
of the surface of the body; or
(vi) involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation;
(32) State aircraft. An aircraft used only on behalf of the Government (except for
commercial purposes) or exclusively leased for at least 90 continuous days.
(33) State of design. means the State having jurisdiction over the organization
responsible for the type design of the aircraft;
(34) State of manufacture. means the State having jurisdiction over the organization
responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft;
(35) State of occurrence. means the State in whose territory an accident or incident
occurs;

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(36) State of the operator. means the State in which the operators principal place of
business is located or, if there is no such place of business, the operators
permanent residence;
(37) State of registry. means the State on whose register the aircraft is entered.
Note: In the case of the registration of aircraft of an international operating
agency or other than a national basis, the States constituting the agency are
jointly and severally bound to assume the obligations which, under the Chicago
Convention, attach to a State of Registry. Refer to the Council Resolution of 14
December 1967 on Nationality and Registration of Aircraft Operated by
International Operating Agencies which can be found in Policy and Guidance
Material on the Economic Regulation of International Air Transport (Doc 9587).
(38) State Safety Program. An integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at
improving safety.
(39) Substantial damage. Damage or failure which adversely affects the structural
strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and which would
normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component.
Note: Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is
damaged, bent failings or cowling, dented skin, small punctured holes in the skin
or fabric, ground damage to rotor or propeller blades, and damage to landing
gear, wheels, tires, flaps, engine accessories, brakes, or wingtips are not
considered "substantial damage" for the purpose of this Part.
13.010 ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

(a) The following acronyms and abbreviations are used in this Part
ACCID Accident
AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Communication Network
AIP Aeronautical Information Publication
AOC - Air Operator Certificate
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
IIC Investigator-in-Charge
INCID Incident
IS Implementing Standards
Kg - Kilogram
PIC Pilot-in-Command
UTC Universal Coordinated Time
13.015 PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION

(a) The sole objective of the investigation of an accident or incident under this Part shall
be the prevention of accident and incident.
(b) The Investigation conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation
(PCAR Part 13) shall not apportion blame or liability and it shall remain separate from
any administrative or judicial proceedings that may apportion blame or liability.

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(c) The accident investigation authority shall have independence in the conduct of the
investigation and have unrestricted authority over its conduct, consistent with the
provisions of ICAO Annex 13. The investigation shall include
(1) the gathering, recording and analysis of all relevant information on the accident or
incident;
(2) if appropriate, the issuance of safety recommendations;
(3) if possible, the determination of the causes and/or contributing factors; and
(4) the completion of the Final Report.

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SUBPART B: PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY: ACCIDENT/INCIDENT

INITIAL REPORTING
13.020 APPLICABI LITY
(a) This Subpart is applicable to operators and individuals (relevant persons) who are
involved in or have knowledge of an aircraft accident or incident:
(1) Occurring within the Republic of the Philippines and its Airspace; or
(2) Occurring outside the Republic of the Philippines involving a Republic of the
Philippines registered aircraft or operated by a Republic of the Philippines Air
Operator Certificate (AOC) holder.
(b) The relevant person shall, as soon as is reasonably practicable after he becomes
aware of the accident or serious incident
(1) send notice thereof to the Chairman by the quickest means of communication
available; and
(2) in the case of an accident occurring in Republic of the Philippines, notify a police
officer of the accident and the place where it occurred.
13.025 IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATION

(a) The operator of any Philippine-registered civil aircraft, or any State aircraft not
operated by the military, or any foreign aircraft shall immediately, and by the most
expeditious means available, notify the Authority/Chairman when an aircraft accident
or incident listed in IS 13.030, IS 13.175-1 to IS 13.175-3 occur.
(b) This initial notification requirement also applies when an aircraft is overdue and is
believed to have been involved in an accident.
Note: The initial report may be made to the nearest air traffic service unit or flight
information unit or directly to the Authority as prescribed in the Aeronautical
Information Publication.
13.030 CONTENT OF THE NOTIFICATION)

(a) The notice to the Chairman referred to in Section 13.025 shall state, as far as
possible the following information
(1) in the case of an accident, the identifying abbreviation ACCID or, in the case of
a serious incident or other incident, the identifying abbreviation INCID;(Refer to
IS 13.030 - List of samples of Serious Incidents, IS 13.175-1 to IS 13.175-3).
(2) the manufacturer, model, nationality and registration marks and serial number of
the aircraft;
(3) the name of the owner, operator and hirer, if any, of the aircraft;
(4) the qualification of the pilot-in-command of the aircraft and the nationality of the
crew and passengers;
(5) the date and time (local time or UTC) of the accident or serious incident;
(6) the last point of departure and point of intended landing of the aircraft;
(7) the position of the aircraft with reference to some easily defined geographical
point and latitude and longitude;

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(8) the number of crew members and passengers; aboard killed and seriously
injured; others, killed and seriously injured;
(9) a description of the accident or incident and the extent of damage to the aircraft
so far as is known;
(10) an indication to what extent the investigation will be conducted or is proposed to
be delegated by the State of Occurrence.
(11) the physical characteristics of the area in which the accident or incident occurred
and any indication of access difficulties or special requirements to reach the site;
(12) the identification of the originating authority and means to contact the
Investigator-in-Charge and the accident investigation authority of the State of
Occurrence at any time; and
(13) the presence and description of dangerous goods, explosives, radioactive
materials or other dangerous articles on board the aircraft.
(b) Where an incident, other than a serious incident as listed in IS 175-1, IS 13.175-2, IS
13.175-3 (Mandatory reportable incidents), occurs
(1) in Republic of the Philippines; or
(2) outside Republic of the Philippines involving a Republic of the Philippines
registered aircraft or an aircraft operated by a Republic of the Philippines
operator/AOC holder, the owner, operator, pilot-in-command or hirer of the
aircraft shall notify the Authority/Chairman using the fastest means available and
if so required by notice in writing by the Chairman, send to the Chairman, such
information as is in his possession or control with respect to the incident in such
form and at such time as may be specified.
13.035 RELEVANT PERSONS

(a) In this Sub-part, relevant person means
(1) the owner, operator, pilot-in-command or hirer of the aircraft at the time of the
accident or incident; or
(2) where the accident or incident occurs on or adjacent to an aerodrome in Republic
of the Philippines, the owner or operator of the aerodrome.
13.040 FORWARDING BY THE OPERATOR OF AN ACCIDENT OR INCIDENT

REPORT
(a) The operator of a civil, state or foreign aircraft shall file a report in the form and
manner prescribed by the Authority
(1) Within 10 days after an accident or incident; or
(2) After 7 days if an overdue aircraft is still missing.
(b) An Operator Incident Report on an incident for which immediate notification is
required shall be filed to the Chairman as required by notice in writing with such
information as is in his possession or control with respect to the incident and in such
form and at such time as may be specified by the Chairman.
13.045 CREWMEMBER STATEMENT

(a) Each crew member, if physically able at the time the formal report is submitted, shall

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attach a statement setting forth the facts, conditions, and circumstances relating to
the accident or incident as they appear to him.
(b) If the crewmember is incapacitated, he shall submit the statement as soon as he is
physically able.
13.050 WHERE TO FILE THE REPORTS

(a) The operator of an aircraft shall file any initial notification or accident or incident report
with the Chairman thru the Authority as specified in the Aeronautical Information
Publication.

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SUBPART C: ACTIONS UPON RECEIPT OF NOTIFICATION

13.055 OCCURRENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
(a) Where an accident or a incident occurs in Republic of the Philippines involving a civil
aircraft, the Chairman or Investigator-in-Charge shall do the following:
(1) with the least possible delay and by the quickest means of communication
available, forward a notification of the accident or serious incident containing as
much of the information referred to in paragraph 13.030(a) as may be available to
(i) a Contracting State that is the State of Registry, the State of the Operator, the
State of Design or the State of Manufacture; and
(ii) if the aircraft is of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 2,250 kg, or is
a turbojet-powered aeroplane, the International Civil Aviation Organization;
Note 1: - Telephone, facsimile, e-mail or the Aeronautical Fixed
Communication Network (AFTN) will in most cases constitute the most
suitable and quickest means available. More than one means of
communication may be appropriate.
(2) inform the States referred to in sub-paragraph (a)(1) either in the communication
forwarding the notification or as soon as practicable
(i) as to whether, and, if so, the extent to which an investigation will be
conducted or is proposed to be delegated to another Contracting State; and
(ii) as to the means by which he and the investigator-in-charge may be
contacted;
(3) as soon as it is practicable to do so, provide the States referred to in sub-
paragraph (a)(1) with any other information referred to in 13.030(a) which
becomes subsequently available to the Chairman and any other known relevant
information pertaining to the accident or serious incident.
(4) The notification shall be in plain language and contain as much of the
information readily available per 13.030(a) but its dispatch shall not be delayed
due to lack of complete information.
(5) the collection and recording of information shall not be delayed to await the
arrival of an accredited representative.
13.060 OCCURRENCE OUTSIDE THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

(a) Upon receipt of a notification of an accident or a serious incident which occurs
outside Republic of the Philippines involving a Republic of the Philippines aircraft or
an aircraft operated by a Republic of the Philippines operator, the Chairman shall do
the following:
(1) acknowledge the receipt of the notification;
(2) where the State of Occurrence, the State of Registry or the State of the Operator
which is investigating the accident or serious incident is a Contracting State,
provide the State with the following information with the least possible delay:
(i) any relevant information he has regarding the aircraft and flight crew involved
in the accident or serious incident; and
(ii) if Republic of the Philippines is the State of the Operator, details of any
dangerous goods on board the aircraft;
(3) inform the State referred to in 13.060(a)(2)

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(i) whether the Authority intends to appoint or has appointed an accredited

representative; and
(ii) if such accredited representative will be or has been appointed and will be
traveling to the State in which the investigation is being carried out, the
contact details and the expected date of arrival of the accredited
representative in such State.

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SUBPART D: PRESERVATION OF WRECKAGE AND RECORDS

(a) Subject to Section 13.055, where an accident or incident occurs in Republic of the
Philippines
(1) no person other than the Chairman, the investigator-in-charge or an authorized
person shall have access to the aircraft involved in the accident or incident, the
contents thereof or the site of the accident or incident; and
(2) no person shall move or interfere with the aircraft, its contents or the site of the
accident or incident except under the authority of the Chairman or the
investigator-in-charge.
(b) In this paragraph, authorized person means
(1) any person authorized by the Chairman or the investigator-in-charge either
generally or specifically to have access to any aircraft involved in an accident or a
serious incident and includes any police officer or any officer of customs; and
(2) in relation to an accident involving a military aircraft belonging to the Armed
Forces of the Philippines (AFP), includes any person authorized by the Chief of
Staff, AFP or Commander of an AFP Major Service where the aircraft belongs.
13.070 RESPONSIBILITY: PRESERVATION & PROTECTION OF WRECKAGE

AND ACCIDENT SITE
(a) The operator and pilot-in-command shall ensure as much as is practical that the
wreckage and accident site is protected and preserved in accordance with the
requirements of Sec 13.075 of this PCAR Part 13 until the Chairman or Investigator-
in-Charge takes custody thereof.
(b) Notwithstanding 13.065(a), - all persons involved in the rescue, search and
investigation of an accident shall take all reasonable measures to protect the
evidence and to maintain safe custody of the aircraft and its contents for such a
period as may be necessary for the purposes of an investigation.
(1) Protection of evidence shall include the preservation, by photographic or other
means of any evidence which might be removed, effaced, lost or destroyed.
(2) Safe custody shall include protection against further damage, access by
unauthorized persons, pilfering and deterioration.
(c) The operator of an aircraft involved in an accident or incident for which notification
must be given is responsible for preserving to the extent possible any aircraft
wreckage, cargo, and mail aboard the aircraft, and all records, including all recording
mediums of flight, maintenance, and voice recorders, pertaining to the operation and
maintenance of the aircraft and to the airmen until the Chairman or Investigator-in-
Charge takes custody thereof or a release is granted.
(d) The operator of an aircraft involved in an accident or incident shall retain all records,
reports, internal documents, and memoranda dealing with the accident or incident,
until authorized by the Chairman to the contrary.
13.075 MOVING OR REMOVING T HE WRECKAGE

(a) Prior to the time the Chairman or its authorized representative takes custody of
aircraft wreckage, mail, or cargo, such wreckage, mail, or cargo may not be
disturbed or moved except to the extent necessary to

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CAR PART 13
(1) Remove persons or animals injured or trapped;

(2) Protect the wreckage from further damage; or
(3) Protect the public from injury.
(b) Where it is necessary to move aircraft wreckage, mail, or cargo, sketches, descriptive
notes, and photographs shall be made, if possible, of the original positions and
condition of the wreckage and any significant impact marks.
(c) If a request is received from the State of Registry, the State of the Operator, the State
of Design or the State of Manufacture that the aircraft, its contents, and any other
evidence remain undisturbed pending inspection by an accredited representative of
the requesting State, the investigator-in-charge shall take all necessary steps to
comply with such request, so far as this is reasonably practicable and compatible with
the proper conduct of the investigation; provided that the aircraft may be moved
(1) To the extent necessary to extricate persons, animals, mail and valuables;
(2) To prevent destruction by fire or other causes; or
(3) To eliminate any danger or obstruction to air navigation, to other transport or to
the public, and
(4) Provided that it does not result in undue delay in returning the aircraft to service
where this is practicable.
(5) To remove any dangerous goods, radioactive material and other dangerous
articles carried by the aircraft.
(d) Where the Chairman or the investigator-in-charge is of the opinion that the aircraft
involved in the accident or serious incident is likely to be a danger or obstruction to
the public, air navigation or other transport, he may order the owner, operator or hirer
of such aircraft to remove it to such place as the Chairman or the investigator-in-
charge shall indicate.
(e) In the absence of the owner, operator or hirer or in the event of non-compliance with
the order referred to in paragraph (d), the Chairman or the investigator-in-charge
shall be empowered to remove or cause the removal of the aircraft.
13.080 ACCESS OF AIRCRAFT

(a) if the aircraft is wrecked in water, the aircraft or any contents thereof may be
removed to such extent as may be necessary for bringing the aircraft or its contents
to a place of safety.
(1) For this purpose the investigator-in-charge shall facilitate access to the aircraft, its
contents or any parts thereof, provided that, if the aircraft, its contents, or any
parts thereof lie in an area within which the investigator-in-charge finds it
impracticable to grant such access, it shall itself effect removal to a point where
access can be given.
13.085 REMOVING GOODS OR BAGGAGE FROM THE AIRCRAFT

(a) Where the Chairman or the investigator-in-charge has authorized any person to
remove any goods or passenger baggage from the aircraft or to release any goods or
passenger baggage from the custody of the Chairman or the investigator-in-charge,
the person may

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CAR PART 13
(1) remove the goods or passenger baggage from the aircraft subject to the
supervision of a police officer not below the rank of inspector of police; and
(2) release the goods or passenger baggage from the custody of the Chairman or
the investigator-in-charge subject to clearance by or with the consent of an officer
of customs, if the aircraft has come from a place outside Republic of the
Philippines.

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INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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CAR PART 13
SUBPART E: ACCIDENT & INCIDENT INVESTIGATION

(a) This Subpart is applicable to the conduct of accident and incident investigations, the
persons who conduct the investigations and those persons that have information or
records pertinent to the investigations.
13.095 OBLIGATION TO INVESTIGATE

(a) Subject to paragraph (c), the Chairman shall cause an investigation to be carried out
into an accident in the following circumstances:
(1) where the accident occurs in Republic of the Philippines;
(2) where the accident occurs in any Non-contracting State which does not intend to
carry out an investigation of the accident in accordance with ICAO Annex 13 and
involves a Republic of the Philippines aircraft or an aircraft operated by a
Republic of the Philippines operator;
(3) where the accident involves a Republic of the Philippines aircraft or an aircraft
operated by a Republic of the Philippines operator and the investigation has been
delegated to Republic of the Philippines by another Contracting State by mutual
arrangement and consent;
(4) where the accident occurs in a location which cannot be definitely established as
being in the territory of any State and involves a Republic of the Philippines
aircraft.
(b) The Chairman may, when he expects to draw air safety lessons from it, cause an
investigation to be carried out into an incident other than that listed in 13.175 which
occurs
(1) in Republic of the Philippines; or
(2) outside the Republic of the Philippines involving a Republic of the Philippines
aircraft or an aircraft operated by a Republic of the Philippines operator.
(c) The Chairman may, with the approval of the Authority, delegate the task of carrying
out an investigation into an accident or a serious incident to another Contracting
State by mutual arrangement and consent.
(d) Where the Chairman delegates the task of carrying out an investigation, he shall to
the best of his ability, facilitate investigation carried out by the investigator-in-charge
appointed by the Contracting State conducting the investigation.
13.100 APPOINTMENT OF INVESTIGATORS AND ADVISERS

(a) For the purpose of carrying out investigations into accidents and incidents referred to
in 13.095 paragraph (a) and (b), the Chairman may appoint such number of persons
as he thinks fit as Investigators of Accidents & Incidents for every occurrence and
shall initiate the investigation immediately.
(b) The Chairman shall appoint one of the Investigators as the investigator-in-charge
who shall be relieved of all other duties until the Final Report is distributed.
(c) The Chairman may arrange for any of his powers and obligations under this Part to
be performed on his behalf by an Investigator designated by him to be his Deputy.

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CAR PART 13
(d) The Chairman may designate himself or any Investigator as investigator-in-charge for
the purpose of carrying out an investigation referred to in 13.095 paragraph (a) or (b).
(e) Without prejudice to the power of an investigator-in-charge to seek such advice or
assistance as he may consider necessary in carrying out an investigation, the
Chairman may appoint any person as an adviser to assist an investigator-in-charge
in a particular investigation carried out under this Part.
(f) In any case where the Chairman is of the view that more than one Investigator is
needed to carry out an investigation, he may designate one or more Investigators,
one of whom shall be designated Deputy investigator-in-charge, to assist the
investigator-in-charge.
13.105 PUBLIC NOTICE

(a) Where the Chairman is of the opinion that it would be desirable for public notice to be
given that an investigation is taking place, he may do so in such manner as he thinks
fit.
(b) The notice may, if the Chairman thinks appropriate, state that any person who
desires to make representations concerning the circumstances or causes of the
accident or incident may do so in writing within a time to be specified in the notice.
13.110 POWERS OF INVESTIGATOR-IN-CHARGE

(a) For the purpose of enabling him to carry out an investigation into an accident or
incident in the most efficient way and within the shortest time possible, an
investigator-in-charge shall have the access rights and powers specified in
paragraphs (b) and (c) where the whole or any part of the investigation is carried out
in the Republic of the Philippines.
(b) The investigator-in-charge shall
(1) have free and unhampered access to the site of the accident or incident as well
as to the aircraft, its contents or its wreckage;
(2) have immediate and unrestricted access to and use of the contents of the flight
recorders, ATS records and any other recordings;
(3) have access to and be provided with the results of examination of the bodies of
victims or of tests made on samples taken from the bodies of the victims;
(4) have immediate access to and be provided with the results of examinations of the
persons involved in the operation of the aircraft or of tests made on samples
taken from such persons; and
(5) have free access to any relevant information or records held by the owner, the
operator, the operators maintenance contractors and sub-contractors, the hirer,
the designer or the manufacturer of the aircraft and by the authorities for civil
aviation or airport operation or ATS.
(c) The investigator-in-charge may
(1) by summons under his hand
(i) call before him and examine any person as he thinks fit;
(ii) require such person to answer any question or furnish any information or
produce any books, papers, documents and articles which he may consider
relevant; and

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CAR PART 13
(iii) make copies of and retain any such books, papers, documents and articles
until the completion of the investigation;
(2) take statements from all such persons as he thinks fit and require any such
person to make and sign a declaration of the truth of the statement made by him;
(3) on production, if required, of his credentials, enter and inspect any place, building
or aircraft the entry or inspection whereof appears to him to be necessary for the
purposes of the investigation;
(4) on production, if required, of his credentials, remove, test, take measures for the
preservation of or otherwise deal with any aircraft other than an aircraft involved
in the accident or incident where it appears to him to be necessary for the
purposes of the investigation;
(5) take possession of, examine, remove, test or take measures for the preservation
of any object or evidence as he considers necessary for the purposes of the
investigation;
(6) require an immediate listing of evidence and removal of debris or components for
examination or analysis purposes;
(7) require the readout of the flight recorders;
(8) in the case of a fatal accident, require a complete autopsy examination of fatally
injured flight crew, and, subject to the particular circumstances, of fatally injured
passengers and cabin crew members, by a pathologist, preferably experienced in
the investigation of aircraft accidents, provided provisions of local law protecting
religious beliefs with respect to autopsies shall be observed;
(9) where appropriate, require the medical and toxicological examination of the crew,
passengers and aviation personnel involved in the accident or incident by a
medical practitioner, and if a medical practitioner experienced in the investigation
of aircraft accidents is available, by such medical practitioner;
(10) require the crew, passengers and aviation personnel involved in the accident or
incident to undergo such other tests (including a breathalyzer test) as he
considers necessary for the purposes of the investigation;
(11) ensure that the autopsy and medical examinations shall be expeditious and
complete.
(12) seek such advice or assistance as he considers necessary for the purposes of
the investigation including professional or expert opinions on technical and
medical matters related to the investigation.
(d) Every person summoned as a witness in accordance with paragraph (c) shall be
allowed such expenses as the Authority may, from time to time, determine.
(e) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-paragraph (c)(12), the investigator-in-
charge may request another Contracting State to provide such information, facilities
or experts as he may consider necessary for the purposes of an investigation.
13.115 DEPUTY IIC AND ADVISERS

(a) The following persons may, where the whole or any part of the investigation is carried
out in Republic of the Philippines, exercise the rights and powers of an investigator-
in-charge specified in 13.110 (b) and (c):
(1) the Deputy investigator-in-charge and any Investigators designated by the
Chairman to assist the investigator-in-charge under paragraph 13.100(f);

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CAR PART 13
(2) any adviser appointed by the Chairman under paragraph 13.100(e) to assist the
investigator-in-charge, but only to the extent specified by the Chairman.
13.120 FORM AND CONDUCT OF INVESTIGATIONS

(a) An investigation shall be held in private.
(b) The extent of investigations and the procedure to be followed in carrying out
investigations required or authorized under this Part shall be determined by the
Chairman taking into account
(1) the purpose of the investigation set out in paragraph c;
(2) the principles and objectives of ICAO Annex 13; and
(3) the lessons he expects to draw from the accident or incident for the improvement
of safety.
(c) If, in the course of an investigation into an accident or incident, it becomes known or
is suspected that an act of unlawful interference was involved in the accident or
incident, the investigator-in-charge shall, after consultation with the Chairman and the
Authority
(1) immediately inform the Republic of the Philippines Police; or
(2) take steps to ensure that the aviation security authorities of other Contracting
States concerned are informed of the fact.
13.125 ENTITLEMENT OF ACCREDITED REPRESENTATIVE, ADVISERS AND

EXPERT FROM OTHER CONTRACTING STATES
(a) Where an investigation into an accident or a serious incident is being carried out by
an investigator-in-charge under this Part, each of the following States that is a
Contracting State shall be entitled to appoint an accredited representative to
participate in the investigation and one or more advisers, to assist the accredited
representative:
(1) the State of Registry;
(2) the State of the Operator;
(3) the State of Manufacture;
(4) the State of Design;
(5) a State which has, on request, provided information, facilities or experts to the
investigator-in-charge in connection with the investigation.
(b) An accredited representative shall be entitled to participate in all aspects of an
investigation under the control of the investigator-in-charge and shall be entitled, in
particular, to
(1) visit the scene of the accident;
(2) examine the wreckage;
(3) obtain witness information and suggest areas for questioning witnesses;
(4) have full access to all relevant evidence as soon as possible;
(5) receive copies of all pertinent documents;
(6) participate in readouts of recorded media;

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CAR PART 13
(7) participate in off-scene investigative activities such as component examinations,

technical briefings, tests and simulations;
(8) participate in investigation progress meetings, including deliberations related to
analysis, findings, causes and safety recommendations; and
(9) make submissions in respect of various aspects of the investigation.
(c) Notwithstanding paragraph (b), the participation of the accredited representative of a
Contracting State other than the State of Registry, the State of the Operator, the
State of Design and the State of Manufacture may be limited to those matters in
respect of which the State has, on request, provided information, facilities or experts
to the investigator-in-charge in connection with the investigation.
(d) A Contracting State which has a special interest in an accident by virtue of fatalities
or serious injuries to its citizens shall, be entitled to appoint an expert.
(e) An expert appointed under paragraph (d) shall be entitled to
(1) visit the scene of the accident;
(2) have access to the relevant factual information, which is approved for public
release by the State conducting the investigation and information on the progress
of the investigation; and
(3) receive a copy of the Final Report.
(f) An adviser assisting an accredited representative shall be entitled to participate in the
investigation under the accredited representatives supervision and to the extent
necessary to make the accredited representatives participation effective.
(g) The accredited representative, his advisers and the expert appointed under
paragraph (d)
(1) shall provide the investigator-in-charge with all relevant information available to
them; and
(2) shall not disclose any information on the progress and findings of the
investigation without the express consent in writing of the investigator-in-charge.
13.130 APPOINTMENT OF ACCREDITED REPRESENTATIVE, ADVISERS AND

EXPERT TO THE STATE CONDUCTING THE INVESTIGATION
(a) The Chairman may appoint an accredited representative to participate in the
investigation into an accident or incident which occurs in another Contracting State
and one or more advisers to assist the accredited representative in any of the
following cases:
(1) where Republic of the Philippines is the State of Registry, State of the Operator,
State of Manufacture or State of Design of the aircraft involved in the accident or
incident; or
(2) where Republic of the Philippines has, at the request of the Contracting State
conducting the investigation, provided information, facilities or experts to the
State in connection with the investigation.
(b) The accredited representative and, to the extent specified by the Chairman, an
adviser appointed by the Chairman under paragraph (a) may, for the purposes of the
investigation in which they are participating, exercise all or any of the rights and
powers of the investigator-in-charge specified in 13.110(b) and (c) in respect of any
aircraft, records, information, documents, objects, witnesses or other evidence in
Republic of the Philippines or held by any person in Republic of the Philippines which

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CAR PART 13
or whom the accredited representative or adviser considers to be relevant or

necessary to the investigation.
(c) The Chairman may appoint an expert to participate in the investigation into an
accident which occurs in another Contracting State where Republic of the Philippines
has a special interest in the accident by virtue of fatalities or injuries to citizens of
Republic of the Philippines.

13-24
CAR PART 13

13-25
CAR PART 13
SUBPART F: INVESTIGATION REPORTS

(a) Where an investigation is carried out into an accident involving
(1) an aircraft of a maximum certificated take-off mass of more than 2,250 kg; or
(2) an aircraft of a maximum certificated take-off mass of 2,250 kg or less and when
airworthiness or matters considered to be of interest to other Contracting States
are involved, the investigator-in-charge shall, unless an Accident Data Report has
been sent within 30 days of the accident, send a Preliminary Report within that
period to
(i) each of the following States that is a Contracting State:
(A) the State that instituted the investigation;
(B) the State of Registry or the State of Occurrence, as appropriate;
(C) the State of the Operator;
(D) the State of Design;
(E) the State of Manufacture;
(F) any State that provided relevant information, significant facilities or
experts; and
(ii) where the aircraft is of a maximum certificated take-off mass of more than
2,250 kg, the International Civil Aviation Organization.
13.140 ACTIONS OF INVESTIGATOR-IN-CHARGE

(a) The investigator-in-charge of the State conducting the investigation shall, as soon as
possible after the completion of an investigation into an accident, do the following:
(1) send a copy of the draft Final Report to the Contracting State that instituted the
investigation and all the Contracting States that participated in the investigation,
inviting their significant and substantiated comments on the draft Final Report;
(2) if any such comments are received within 60 days of the date on which the draft
Final Report is sent out, amend the draft Final Report to include the substance of
the comments received or, if desired by the Contracting State that provided the
comments, append the comments to the Final Report;
(3) if no comments are received within 60 days of the date on which the draft Final
Report is sent out and no extension of time has been agreed upon with the
Contracting State to whom it was sent, issue and send out the Final Report to the
following parties
(i) the Contracting States referred to in 13.135 (a);
(ii) any Contracting State that has suffered fatalities or serious injuries to its
citizens; and
(iii) where the accident involves an aircraft of a maximum certificated take-off
mass of more than 5,700 kg, the International Civil Aviation Organization;
(4) where the accident involves an aircraft of a maximum certificated take-off mass of
more than 2,250 kg, send the Accident Data Report to the International Civil
Aviation Organization.

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CAR PART 13
(b) The investigator-in-charge shall, where an investigation is carried out into an incident
involving an aircraft of a maximum certificated take-off mass of more than 5,700 kg,
send to the International Civil Aviation Organization after the completion of the
investigation into the incident
(1) the Final Report of the incident, if the Final Report has been released; and
(2) the Incident Data Report.
(c) The Final Report of an investigation shall state the sole objective of the investigation
as set out in paragraph b.
(d) The Final Report shall be forwarded by the Chairman or investigator-in-charge to the
Authority for Notation and subsequent submission to the Civil Aeronautics Board for
final consideration before its dissemination to any contracting State under this Part or
its subsequent publication.
(e) In this Part, Accident Data Report and Incident Data Report mean the Accident
Data Report and Incident Data Report referred to in ICAO Annex 13.
13.145 PUBLICATION OF REPORTS

(a) The Chairman shall cause the Final Report of an investigation into an accident or
incident to be made public only upon consideration/notation of the Authority.
(b) The Final report shall be made public
(1) after the Final Report has been sent out to the relevant Contracting States under
paragraph 13.140(a)(3);
(2) in the shortest time possible; and
(3) in such manner as the Chairman thinks fit.
(c) In the interest of accident prevention, the State conducting the investigation of an
accident or incident shall make the Final Report publicly available as soon as
possible, and, if possible, within twelve months. Making a Final Report publicly
available can be achieved by posting the Final Report on the internet, and does not
necessarily require a hard-copy publication of the Final Report.
(d) If the report cannot be made publicly available within twelve months, the State
conducting the investigation shall make an interim statement publicly available on
each anniversary of the occurrence, detailing the progress of the investigation and
any safety issues raised.
(e) No person shall circulate, publish, disclose or give access to any draft report or any
part of its contents or any documents obtained during an investigation of an accident
or incident which is carried out under this Order or carried out by another Contracting
State without the expressed consent of the investigator-in-charge or the State which
conducted the investigation unless the report has already been published by the
investigator-in-charge or the State concerned, as the case may be.
13.150 SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS

(a) The Chairman or the investigator-in-charge may, at any stage of an investigation
carried out under this Part, do the following:
(1) recommend to the appropriate authorities, including those in other Contracting
States, any preventive action that the investigator-in-charge considers necessary
to be taken promptly to enhance aviation safety; and

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CAR PART 13
(2) address, when appropriate, any safety recommendation arising out of the
investigation to the accident investigation authorities of the other Contracting
States concerned and where International Civil Aviation Organization documents
are involved, to the International Civil Aviation Organization.
(b) The Chairman shall cause to be communicated to such relevant person or authority
in Republic of the Philippines as he may determine
(1) the recommendation of preventive action or safety recommendation referred to in
sub-paragraph (a)(1); or
(2) any recommendation of preventive action or safety recommendation forwarded to
the Authority or Chairman by another Contracting State.
(c) Any person or authority in Republic of the Philippines to whom or to which a
recommendation for preventive action or safety recommendation is communicated
under sub-paragraph (b)(2) shall, without delay
(1) take that recommendation into consideration and, where appropriate, act upon it;
(2) send to the Chairman
(i) full details of the measures, if any, he or it has taken or proposes to take to
implement the recommendation and, if such measures are to be
implemented, the schedule for the implementation; or
(ii) a full explanation as to why no measures will be taken to implement the
recommendation; and
(3) give notice to the Chairman if at any time any information provided to the
Chairman under sub-paragraph (b) concerning the measures it proposes to take
or the schedule for securing the implementation of the recommendation is
rendered inaccurate by any change of circumstances.
(d) A recommendation for preventive action or safety recommendation shall, in no case,
create a presumption of liability for an accident or incident.
(e) Where any recommendation for preventive action or safety recommendation has
been forwarded to the Authority or the Chairman by another Contracting State, the
Chairman shall notify the State of the preventive action taken or under consideration
or the reasons as to why no action will be taken.
13.155 REOPENING OF INVESTIGATION

(a) The Chairman shall, in the case of an accident, a serious incident listed in IS 13.030
and incident listed in IS 13.175-1, IS 13.175-2, 13.175-3, cause the investigation to
be re-opened if evidence has been disclosed after the completion of the investigation
which, in his opinion, is new and significant.
(b) The Chairman may cause the investigation of an occurrence (other than that listed in
IS 13.175) which endangers or which, if not corrected, would endanger an aircraft,
its occupants or any other person per 13.175(c), to be re-opened if evidence has
been disclosed after the completion of the investigation which, in his opinion, is new
and significant.
(c) Where the investigation of an accident or incident was instituted by another
Contracting State, the Chairman shall obtain the consent of that State before causing
the investigation to be re-opened under paragraph (a) (b).
(d) Any re-opened investigation shall be carried out in accordance with this Part.

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CAR PART 13
SUBPART G: MANDATORY & VOLUNTARY I NCIDENT/OCCURRENCE

REPORTING
13.160 GENERAL APPLICABILITY

(a) This Subpart G prescribes the general requirements and administrative rules for
implementation and on-going administration of processes for mandatory and
voluntary reporting of occurrences where such reports are required by the Philippines
civil aviation regulations.
(b) The general requirements of this Subpart G apply to all occurrence reports required by
any Section of the civil aviation regulations.
(c) The reporting requirements of this Subpart G are mandatory for the persons and
organizations involved when the occurrence is related to
(1) Any aircraft operated under an AOC granted by the Authority;
(2) Any turbine-powered aircraft which has a certificate of airworthiness issued by
the Authority.
(d) In the case of organizations providing a service or facility for aircraft operating over
or in the Philippines, any occurrence meeting the required criteria should be
reported regardless of the nationality of the aircraft involved.
13.165 APPLICABILITY TO PERSONS & ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED

(a) The mandatory reporting requirements of this Subpart are applicable to persons and
organizations involved in the
(1) Operations, maintenance and support of Philippines-registered aircraft worldwide;
(2) Operations, maintenance and support of aircraft operating in the Philippines; and
(3) The provision of services to aircraft and crews in the operational airspace
controlled by the Philippines and the aerodromes located in the Philippines.
(b) Persons and organizations included in this applicability are
(1) The operator and the flight crew of a turbine-powered aircraft which has a
certificate of airworthiness issued by the Authority;
(2) The operator and the flight crew of an aircraft operated under an AOC granted
by the Authority;
(3) A person who carries on the business of manufacturing a turbine-powered aircraft
that is to be operated in commercial air transport, or any equipment or part
thereof, in the Philippines;
(4) A person who carries on the business of maintaining or modifying a turbine-
powered aircraft, which has a certificate of airworthiness issued by the
Authority, and a person who carries on the business of maintaining or
modifying any equipment or part of such an aircraft;
(5) A person who carries on the business of maintaining or modifying an aircraft,
operated under an AOC granted by the Authority, and a person who carries on
the business of maintaining or modifying any equipment or part of such an
aircraft;
(6) A person who signs an airworthiness review certificate, or a certificate of
release to service in respect of a turbine-powered aircraft, which has a
certificate of airworthiness issued by the Authority, and a person who signs an

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CAR PART 13
airworthiness review certificate or a certificate of release to service in respect of

any equipment or part of such an aircraft;
(7) A person who signs an airworthiness review certificate, or a certificate of
release to service in respect of an aircraft, operated under an AOC granted by
the Authority, and a person who signs an airworthiness review certificate or a
certificate of release to service in respect of any equipment or part of such an
aircraft;
(8) A person who performs a function which requires him to be authorized by the
Authority as an air traffic controller or as a flight information service officer;
(9) A licensee and a manager of a licensed aerodrome or a manager of an airport
(10) A person who performs a function in respect of the installation, modification,
maintenance, repair, overhaul, flight-checking or inspection of air navigation
facilities which are utilized by a person who provides an air traffic control
service under an approval issued by the Authority;
(11) A person who performs a function in respect of the ground-handling of aircraft,
including fuelling, servicing, load-sheet preparation, loading, de-icing and
towing at an airport.
(c) This list of persons and organizations defines those who have to report, but any
person or organization may file a report should they consider it necessary or
pertinent to aviation safety.
13.170 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

(a) The sole objective of occurrence reporting is the prevention of accidents and
incidents through the collection and dissemination of relevant safety information and
not to attribute blame or liability.
(b) The mandatory reporting requirements contribute to the improvement of air
safety by ensuring that free and full reporting of relevant information on safety is
collected, stored, protected and disseminated.
(c) The voluntary reporting of persons contributes to the improvement of air safety in the
interest of flight safety through the same processes and policies applicable to the
mandatory reporting requirements.
13.175 ITEMS TO BE REPORTED

(a) The Authority shall prescribe the mandatory occurrences that shall be reported under
the provisions of this Subpart.
(b) These reportable occurrences shall be categorized for purposes of assessing trends
as
(1) Aircraft flight operations (IS 13.175-1,Mandatory reports: Aircraft Flight
Operations);
(2) Aircraft technical (IS 13.175-2, Mandatory reports: Aircraft Technical); and
(3) Air navigation (IS 13.175-3, Mandatory reports: Air Navigation Occurrences).
(c) A reportable occurrence in relation to an aircraft means any incident which
endangers or which, if not corrected, would endanger an aircraft, its occupants or
any other person.
(d) A person required to make a mandatory report of an occurrence shall report

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any occurrence of which he has positive knowledge, even though this may not be
first hand, unless he has good reason to believe that appropriate details of the
occurrence have already been, or will be, reported by someone else.
(e) A report should also be submitted on any occurrence which involves a defective
condition or unsatisfactory behavior or procedure which did not immediately
endanger the aircraft but which, if allowed to continue uncorrected, or if repeated in
different, but likely, circumstances, would create a hazard to aircraft safety.
13.180 VOLUNTARY REPORTING

(a) The Authority shall encourage and facilitate voluntary reporting to the same
criteria across the whole spectrum of civil aviation operations.
(b) The Authority's organization and procedures for processing and recording reports
shall not substantially differentiate between voluntary and mandatory reports.
(c) A voluntary occurrence report is that report made by a person or organization who
are not required to report in accordance with the requirements of this Subpart.
(d) The occurrences reported and trends developed shall be retained in a limited
format which removes information and data which is likely to identify the person
reporting.
(e) The confidentiality of these voluntary reports shall be protected by the Authority and
the Chairman, and information disclosed in these reports shall be inadmissible for
any future proceedings relating to the person reporting.
13.185 SELF-DISCLOSURE OF NON-COMPLIANCE

(a) The Authority shall encourage self-disclosure of non-compliance with regulations
whether associated with mandatory or voluntary reporting processes of this Subpart
and shall not take legal enforcement action if the reporter is found to be in
compliance with the conditions of paragraph (b).
(b) In evaluating whether an apparent non-compliance is covered by this Section, the
Authority shall ensure that the following conditions are met
(1) The regulated entity has notified the Authority of the apparent non-compliance
immediately after detecting it and before the Authority has learned of it by other
means.
(2) The notification did not occur during, or in anticipation of, an investigation or
inspection by the Authority or in association with an accident or incident..
(3) The apparent non-compliance with the regulations was inadvertent.
(4) The apparent non-compliance with regulations does not indicate a lack, or
reasonable question, of qualification of the regulated entities.
(5) Immediate action, satisfactory to the Authority was taken upon discovery to
terminate the conduct that resulted in the apparent non-compliance.
(6) The regulated entity has developed or is developing a comprehensive fix and
schedule of implementation satisfactory to the Authority.
(7) The comprehensive fix includes a follow-up self-audit to ensure that the action
taken corrects the noncompliance.
(8) This self-audit is in addition to any audits conducted by the Authority.

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13.190 CONFIDENTIALITY OF REPORTS

(a) Without prejudice to the proper discharge of its responsibilities in this regard,
the Authority shall not disclose the name of the person submitting the report or
of a person to whom it relates unless required to do so by law or unless, in either
case, the person concerned authorizes disclosure.
(b) Should any flight safety follow-up action arising from a report be necessary, the
Authority shall take all reasonable steps to avoid disclosing the identity of the reporter
or of those individuals involved in the reportable occurrence.
13.195 ASSURANCE REGARDING PROSECUTION

(a) The Authority shall not institute proceedings in respect of unpremeditated or
inadvertent breaches of the law which come to its attention only because they have
been reported under the mandatory or voluntary provisions of this Subpart,
except in cases involving dereliction of duty amounting to gross negligence.
13.200 ACTION IN RESPECT OF LICENCES & CERTIFICATES

(a) The Authority has a duty under international treaties and conventions to vary, revoke
or suspend a license or certificate as appropriate if it ceases to be satisfied that the
holder of the license or certificate is competent, medically fit and a fit person to
exercise the privileges of the license.
(b) If an occurrence report suggests that the license or certification holder does not
continue to meet the standards for issuance of the license or certificate, the
Authority must take appropriate action to re- examine the holder. The purpose of
this review is solely to ensure safety and shall not be conducted to penalize the
holder.
13.205 POSSIBLE ACTION BY EMPLOYERS

(a) Where a reported occurrence indicated an unpremeditated or inadvertent lapse by an
employee, the employer shall act responsibly and to share its view that free and
full reporting is the primary aim, and that every effort should be made to avoid
action that may inhibit reporting.

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SUBPART H: RELEASE FROM CUSTODY AND DISPOSAL OF AIRCRAFT

WRECKAGE & RECORDS
13.210 RELEASE FROM CUSTODY
(a) If the retention of the aircraft involved in an accident or incident, its parts, wreckage,
or any contents is no longer necessary for the purposes of an investigation, the
Chairman shall release custody of the aircraft, parts, wreckage or contents to the
following person or persons:
(1) if the aircraft is a Republic of the Philippines aircraft
(i) the owner of the aircraft, parts, wreckage or contents;
(ii) where the owner is dead, his personal representative; or
(iii) a person authorized in writing by the owner or his personal representative to
take custody on behalf of the owner or the owners personal representative;
(2) in any other case, to the person or persons designated by the State of Registry or
the State of the Operator, as the case may be.
(b) If a person to whom custody of the aircraft, parts, wreckage or contents is to be
released refuses to take custody thereof or fails to take custody within a reasonable
period, the aircraft, parts, wreckage or contents may be disposed of in such manner
as the Chairman considers fit.
13.215 DISPOSAL OF WRECKAGE & RECORDS

(a) The Authority, the Chairman and an investigator-in-charge shall not be required to
hold aircraft records or factual information concerning an accident or incident beyond
such time as is necessary for the completion of the investigation and reports.
(b) The records and information referred to in paragraph (a) include
(1) photographs;
(2) written statements; and
(3) documents pertaining to the accident or incident, the circumstances of the
accident or incident, or the aircraft or personnel involved.
(c) Such records shall be returned to the persons from whom they were obtained and if
not claimed by such persons after a reasonable period, may be disposed of in any
manner that the Chairman considers fit.

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SUBPART I: MISCELLANEOUS
13.220 NON-DISCLOSURE OF RECORDS
(a) Subject to paragraph (b), no person shall disclose or make available to any other
person any of the following records for any purpose other than an investigation
carried out under this Part unless the High Court determines that the benefits
resulting from disclosure outweighs the adverse domestic and international impact
the disclosure may have on that or any future investigation:
(1) any statement taken from persons in the course of an investigation;
(2) any communication between persons having been involved in the operation of
the aircraft;
(3) any medical or private information regarding persons involved in the accident or
incident;
(4) any cockpit voice recording and transcript from such recording;
(5) any ATS recording and transcript from such recording;
(6) any opinion expressed in the analysis of information, including flight recorder
information.
(b) A record referred to in paragraph (a) shall be included in a Final Report or its
appendices or in any other report only when it is relevant to the analysis of the
accident or incident.
(c) Such parts of the record which are not relevant to the analysis of the accident or
incident shall not be included in the Final Report.
13.225 OBSTRUCTION OF INVESTIGATION

(a) No person shall obstruct or impede an Investigator/inspector or any person acting
under the authority of the Authority or the Chairman in the exercise of any rights,
powers or duties under this Part.
(b) No person shall without reasonable excuse and after having had the expenses (if
any) to which he is entitled tendered to him, fail to comply with any summons of
(1) an investigator-in-charge carrying out an investigation under this Part; or
(2) any person empowered to exercise the powers of the investigator-in-charge
under Sec 13.115 of this PCAR Part 13;.
(c) The onus of proving reasonable excuse for failing to comply with a summon shall lie
on the person relying on such excuse.
13.230 RESPONSIBILITY FOR EXPENSES

(a) Any expenses incurred by reason of anything done by the investigator-in-charge or
the persons specified in Sec 13.115 in exercise of any rights or powers referred to in
Sec 13.110 (b) or (c) for the purposes of the investigation as referred in Sec
13.110(a), shall be borne by the owner or operator of the aircraft and be recoverable
from either or both of them.
(b) Any expenses incurred by the accredited representative, advisers and expert by
reason of their participation in an investigation under Sec 13.140 and by reason of
anything done during, in, or incidental to the investigation by the accredited
representative, advisers and expert in exercise of the rights and powers specified in

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Sec 13.110(b)&(c), shall be borne by and be recoverable from the owner or operator
of the aircraft or both.
(c) The expenses incurred in moving or removing such aircraft involved in
accident/incident as ordered by the Chairman or the investigator-in-charge under Sec
13.080, shall be borne by the owner, operator or hirer of the aircraft or all of them.
Likewise, where the aircraft is removed from the accident site to an accessible place
as ordered by the Chairman or the investigator-in-charge under Sec 13.080 in the
absence of the owner, operator or hirer of the aircraft, the expenses incurred shall be
recoverable from the owner, operator or hirer or from all of them.
13.235 OFFENCES
(a) Any person mentioned in Section 13.035 who contravenes Section 13.025, Sec
13.065, Sec 13.160, Sec 13.175, Sec 13.220,& Sec 13.225) shall be guilty of an
offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos
(Php50,000.00) but not exceeding Two hundred thousand pesos (Php200,000.00) or
equivalent penalty as may be prescribed by the Authority or to imprisonment for a
term not exceeding three (3) years or to all.
13.240 SAVING POWERS

(a) Nothing in this Part shall limit the powers of canceling, suspending or endorsing any
license, certificate or other document issued by the Authority under the Act or any related
subsidiary legislation hereafter.
13.245 REPEALING PROVISION

(a) This Philippine Civil Aviation Regulation (PCAR) Part 13 titled, Aircraft Accident &
Incident Investigation repeals Civil Aviation Regulation (CAR) Part 13 issued in CY-
2009 also titled, Aircraft Accident & Incident Investigation.
13.250.1.1 EFFECTIVITY
(a) This Philippine Civil Aviation Regulation (PCAR) Part 13 takes effect upon its
approval by the CAAP Board.

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IMPLEMENTING
STANDARDS
(IS)

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I S 13.030
LIST OF EXAMPLES OF SERIOUS INCIDENTS
The incidents listed are typical examples of incidents that are likely to be serious
incidents. The list is not exhaustive and only serves as guidance to the definition of
serious incidents.
1. A near collision requiring an avoidance maneuver to avoid a collision or an unsafe
situation or when an avoidance action would have been appropriate.
2. A controlled flight into terrain only marginally avoided.
3. An aborted take-off on a closed or engaged runway, on a taxiway (excluding
authorized operations by helicopters) or unassigned runway.
4. A take-off from a closed or engaged runway, from a taxiway (excluding authorized
operations by helicopters) or unassigned runway.
5. A landing or an attempted landing on a closed or engaged runway, on a taxiway
(excluding authorized operations by helicopters) or unassigned runway.
6. A gross failure to achieve predicted performance during take-off or initial climb.
7. Fire and smoke in the passenger compartment, in the cargo compartment or engine
fire, even though such a fire was extinguished by the use of extinguishing agents.
8. An event requiring the emergency use of oxygen by the flight crew.
9. An aircraft structural failure or engine disintegration, including uncontained turbine
engine failure, not classified as an accident.
10. Multiple malfunctions of one or more aircraft systems seriously affecting the
operation of the aircraft.
11. Flight crew incapacitation in flight.
12. Fuel quantity requiring the declaration of an emergency by the pilot.
13. Runway incursions classified with severity A. (per Manual on the Prevention of
Runway Incursions (Document 9870)
14. A take-off or landing incident such as undershooting, overrunning or running off the
side of runways.
15. A system failure, weather phenomenon, an operation outside the approved flight
envelope or other occurrence which could have caused difficulties controlling the
aircraft.
16. Failures of more than one system in a redundancy system mandatory for flight
guidance and navigation.
17. Aircraft collide in flight.
18. Damage to property, other than the aircraft, estimated to exceed $25,000 for repair
(including materials and labor) or fair market value in the event of total loss,
whichever is less.
19. For large multiengine aircraft (more than 5,700 kg maximum takeoff weight);
(a) In-flight failure of electrical systems which requires the sustained use of an
emergency bus powered by a backup source such as a battery, auxiliary power
unit, or air driven generator to retain flight control or essential instruments;
(b) In-flight failure of hydraulic systems that results in sustained reliance on the sole

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CAR PART 13
remaining hydraulic or mechanical system for movement of flight control surfaces;

(c) Sustained loss of the power or thrust produced by two or more engines; and
(d) An evacuation of an aircraft in which an emergency egress system is utilized.
I S 13.175-1
MANDATORY INCIDENT REPORTS: AIRCRAFT FLIGHT OPERATIONS
(a) Occurrences during operations of an aircraft that involve
(1) Avoidance maneuvers
(i) Risk of collision with another aircraft, terrain or other object or an unsafe
situation when avoidance action would have been appropriate;
(ii) An avoidance maneuver required to avoid a collision with another aircraft,
terrain or other object;
(iii) An avoidance maneuver to avoid other unsafe situations.
(2) Take-off or landing incidents, including precautionary or forced landings.
Incidents such as
(i) Under-shooting, overrunning or running off the side of runways
(ii) Take-offs, rejected take-offs, landings or attempted landings on a
closed, occupied or incorrect runway; and
(iii) Runway incursions.
(3) Inability to achieve predicted performance during take-off or initial climb.
(4) Critically low fuel quantity or inability to transfer fuel or use total quantity of
usable fuel.
(5) Loss of control (including partial or temporary) regardless of cause.
(6) Occurrences close to or above V1 resulting from or producing a hazardous or
potentially hazardous situation (e.g. rejected take-off, tail strike, engine-power
loss etc.).
(7) Go around producing a hazardous or potentially hazardous situation.
(8) Unintentional significant deviation from airspeed, intended track or altitude
(more than 300 ft.) regardless of cause.
(9) Descent below decision height/altitude or minimum descent height/altitude
without the required visual reference.
(10) Loss of position awareness relative to actual position or to other aircraft.
(11) Breakdown in communication between flight crew "C R M" (crew resource
management) or between flight crew and other parties (cabin crew, ATC [air
traffic control] engineering).
(12) Heavy landing - a landing deemed to require a "heavy landing check".
(13) Exceeding of fuel imbalance limits.
(14) Incorrect setting of an "SSR" (secondary surveillance radar) code or of an
altimeter subscale.
(15) Incorrect programming of or erroneous entries into, equipment used for
navigation or performance calculations, or use of incorrect data.

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(16) Incorrect receipt or interpretation of radio-telephony messages.

(17) Fuel system malfunctions or defects, which had an effect on fuel supply
and/or distribution.
(18) Aircraft unintentionally departing from a paved surface.
(19) Collision between an aircraft and any other aircraft, vehicle or other ground
object.
(20) Inadvertent and/or incorrect operation of any controls.
(21) Inability to achieve the intended aircraft configuration for any flight phase
(e.g. landing gear and gear doors, flaps, stabilizers, slats etc.).
(22) A hazard or potential hazard which arises as a consequence of any
deliberate simulation of failure conditions for training, system checks or
training purposes.
(23) Abnormal vibration.
(24) Operation of any primary warning system associated with maneuvering the
aircraft, such as a configuration warning, stall warning (stick shaker), over-
speed warning etc. unless
(i) The crew conclusively established that the indication was false and
provided that the false warning did not result in difficulty or hazard arising
from the crew response to the warning; or
(ii) Operated for training or test purposes.
(25) "GPWS" (ground proximity warning system)/"TAWS" (terrain awareness
and warning system) "warning" when
(26) GPWS/TAWS "alert" when any difficulty or hazard arises or might have arisen
as a result of crew response to the "alert".
(27) "ACAS" (air collision advisory system) "RA"s (resolution advisories).
(28) Jet or prop blast incidents resulting in significant damage or serious injury.
(29) Landing at the wrong aerodrome.
(b) Occurrences resulting in emergencies, including
(1) Fire, explosion, smoke or toxic or noxious us fumes, even though fires
were extinguished.
(2) The use of any non-standard procedure by the flight or cabin crew to deal with an
emergency when
(i) The procedure exists but is not used;
(ii) The procedure does not exist;
(iii) The procedure exists but is incomplete or inappropriate;
(iv) The procedure is incorrect;
(v) The incorrect procedure is used.
(3) Inadequacy of any procedures designed to be used in an emergency, including
when being used for maintenance, training or test purposes.
(4) An event leading to an emergency evacuation. Depressurization.
(5) The use of any emergency equipment or prescribed emergency procedures
in order to deal with a situation.

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(6) An event leading to the declaration of an emergency ("Mayday" or "PAN").

(7) Failure of any emergency system or equipment, including all exit doors and
lighting, to perform satisfactorily, including when being used for
maintenance, training or test purposes
(8) Events requiring any use of emergency oxygen by any crew member.
(c) Occurrences involving crew incapacitation, including
(1) Incapacitation of any member of the flight crew, including that which occurs
prior to departure if it is considered that it could have resulted in incapacitation
after take-off.
(2) Incapacitation of any member of the cabin crew which renders them unable to
perform essential emergency duties.
(d) Occurrences involving Injury, including any occurrences which have or could have
led to significant injury to passengers or crew but which are not considered
reportable as an accident.
(e) Occurrences related to meteorology, including
(1) A lightning strike which resulted in damage to the aircraft or loss or malfunction
of any essential service.
(2) A hail strike which resulted in damage to the aircraft or loss or malfunction of any
essential service.
(3) Severe turbulence encounter, an encounter resulting in injury to occupants or
deemed to require a "turbulence check" of the aircraft.
(4) A wind shear encounter.
(5) Icing encounter resulting in handling difficulties, damage to the aircraft or loss or
malfunction of any essential service.
(f) Security occurrences, including
(1) Unlawful interference with the aircraft including a bomb threat or hijack.
(2) Difficulty in controlling intoxicated, violent or unruly passengers.
(3) Discovery of a stowaway.
(g) Other occurrences, including
(1) Repetitive instances of a specific type of occurrence which in isolation would
not be considered "reportable" but which due to the frequency with which they
arise, form a potential hazard.
(2) A bird strike which resulted in damage to the aircraft or loss or malfunction of any
essential service.
(3) Wake-turbulence encounters.
(4) Any other occurrence of any type considered to have endangered or which
might have endangered the aircraft or its occupants on board the aircraft or
persons on the ground.
I S 13.175-2
MANDATORY Incident REPORTS: AIRCRAFT TECHNICAL
(a) Structural occurrences, including

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CAR PART 13
Note: Not all structural failures need to be reported. Engineering judgment is

required to decide whether a failure is serious enough to be reported. The
following examples can be taken into consideration:
(1) Damage to a "PSE" (principal structural element) that has not been designated as
damage-tolerant (life - limited element). PSEs are those which contribute
significantly to carrying flight, ground, and pressurization loads, and the failure
of which could result in a catastrophic failure of the aircraft;
(2) Defect or damage exceeding admissible damages to a PSE that has been
designated as damage-tolerant;
(3) Damage to or defect exceeding allowed tolerances of a structural element,
the failure of which could reduce the structural stiffness to such an extent that
the required flutter, divergence or control reversal margins are no longer
achieved;
(4) Damage to or defect of a structural element, which could result in the liberation
of items of mass that may injure occupants of the aircraft;
(5) Damage to or defect of a structural element, which could jeopardize proper
operation of systems.
(6) Loss of any part of the aircraft structure in flight.
(b) Aircraft systems occurrences, including
(1) Loss, significant malfunction or defect of any system, subsystem or set
of e q u i p m e n t when standard operating procedures, drills etc. could no t
be satisfactorily accomplished;
(2) Inability of the crew to control the system, including
(i) Un-commanded actions,
(ii) Incorrect and/or incomplete response, including limitation of movement or
stiffness,
(iii) Runaway,
(iv) Mechanical disconnection or failure;
(3) Failure or malfunction of the exclusive function(s) of the system (one system
could integrate several functions);
(4) Interference within or between systems;
(5) Failure or malfunction of the protection device or emergency system
associated with the system;
(6) Loss of redundancy of the system;
(7) Any occurrence resulting from unforeseen behavior of a system.
(8) For aircraft types with single main systems, subsystems or sets of equipment,
loss, significant malfunction or defect in any main system, subsystem or set of
equipment.
(9) For aircraft types with multiple independent main systems, subsystems or sets
of equipment, the loss, significant malfunction or defect of more than one
main system, subsystem or set of equipment.
(10) Operation of any primary warning system associated with aircraft systems
or equipment unless the crew conclusively established that the indication was
false, provided that the false warning did not result in difficulty or hazard arising

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CAR PART 13
from the crew response to the warning;

(11) Leakage of hydraulic fluids, fuel, oil or other fluids which resulted in a fire hazard
or possible hazardous contamination of aircraft structure, systems or
equipment, or risk to occupants;
(12) Malfunction or defect of any indication system when this results in the
possibility of misleading indications to the crew;
(13) Any failure, malfunction or defect if it occurs at a critical phase of the flight and
is relevant to the system operation;
(14) Significant shortfall of the actual performances compared to the approved
performance which resulted in a hazardous situation (taking into account the
accuracy of the performance- calculation method) including braking action,
fuel consumption etc.;
(15) Asymmetry of flight controls; e.g. flaps, slats, spoilers etc.
(c) Propulsion (including engines, propellers and rotor systems) and APUs
(auxiliary power units)
(1) Flameout, shutdown or malfunction of any engine.
(2) Over-speed or inability to control the speed of any high-speed rotating
component (for example: APU, air starter, air cycle machine, air turbine
motor, propeller or rotor).
(3) Failure or malfunction of any part of an engine or power-plant resulting in any
one or more of the following
(i) Non-containment of components/debris;
(ii) Uncontrolled internal or external fire, or hot gas breakout;
(iii) Thrust in a direction different from that demanded by the pilot;
(iv) Thrust-reversing system failing to operate or operating inadvertently;
(v) Inability to control power, thrust or revolutions per minute;
(vi) Failure of the engine mount structure;
(vii) Partial or complete loss of a major part of the power-plant;
(viii) Dense visible fumes or concentrations of toxic products sufficient to
incapacitate crew or passengers;
(ix) Inability, by use of normal procedures, to shutdown an engine;
(x) Inability to restart a serviceable engine.
(xi) An un-commanded thrust/power loss, change or oscillation which is classified
as a "LOTC" (loss of thrust or power control)
(xii) For a single-engine aircraft; or
(xiii) Where it is considered excessive for the application; or
(xiv) Where this could affect more than one engine in a multi-engine
aircraft, particularly in the case of a twin-engine aircraft; or
(xv) For a multi-engine aircraft where the same, or similar, engine type is used in
an application where the event would be considered hazardous or critical.
(4) Any defect in a life-controlled part causing its withdrawal before completion of
its full life.

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(5) Defects of common origin which could cause an in-flight shut-down rate so
high that there is the possibility of more than one engine being shut down on the
same flight.
(6) An engine limiter or control device failing to operate when required or operating
inadvertently.
(7) Exceedance of engine parameters.
(8) "FOD" (foreign objects damage).
(9) Propellers and transmission
(d) Occurrences involving rotors and transmissions, including
(1) Failure or malfunction of any part of a propeller or power-plant resulting in any
one or more of the following
(i) An over-speed of the propeller;
(ii) The development of excessive drag;
(iii) A thrust in the opposite direction to that commanded by the pilot;
(iv) A release of the propeller or any major portion of the propeller;
(v) A failure that results in excessive imbalance;
(vi) The unintended movement of the propeller blades below the
established minimum in- flight low-pitch position;
(vii) An inability to feather the propeller;
(viii) An inability to change propeller pitch;
(ix) An un-commanded change in pitch;
(x) An uncontrollable torque or speed fluctuation;
(xi) The release of low-energy parts.
(2) Damage or defect of main rotor gearbox/attachment which could lead to in-flight
separation of the rotor assembly and/or malfunctions of the rotor control.
(3) Damage to tail rotor transmission and equivalent systems.
(e) Occurrences involving APUs, including
(1) Shut down or failure when the APU is required to be available by operational
requirements, e.g. ETOPS, "MEL" (minimum equipment list).
(2) Inability to shut down the APU.
(3) Overspeed.
(4) Inability to start the APU when needed for operational reasons.
(f) Human factors occurrences, including any incident where any feature or
inadequacy of the aircraft design could have led to an error of use that could
contribute to a hazardous or catastrophic effect.
(g) Other aircraft technical occurrences, including
(1) Any incident where any feature or inadequacy of the aircraft design could have
led to an error of use that could contribute to a hazardous or catastrophic
effect.
(2) An occurrence not normally considered as reportable (e.g., furnishing and cabin
equipment, water systems), where the circumstances resulted in endangering the

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CAR PART 13
aircraft or its occupants.

(3) A fire, explosion, smoke or toxic or noxious fumes.
(4) Any other event which could endanger the aircraft, or affect the safety of the
occupants of the aircraft, or people or property in the vicinity of the aircraft or
on the ground.
(5) Failure or defect of passenger addresses system resulting in loss of, or inaudible,
passenger address system.
(6) Loss of pilot seat control during flight,
I S 13.175-3
MANDATORY INCIDENT REPORTS: AIR NAVIGATION OCCURRENCES
(a) Near collision incidents (encompassing specific situations where one aircraft and
another aircraft/the ground/a vehicle/person or object are perceived to be too close
to each other)
(1) Separation minima infringement;
(2) Inadequate separation;
(3) "Near-CFIT" (near-controlled flight into terrain);
(4) Runway incursion where avoiding action was necessary.
(b) Potential for collision or near collision (encompassing specific situations having
the potential to be an accident or a near collision, if another aircraft is in the vicinity)
(1) Runway incursion where no avoiding action is necessary;
(2) Runway excursion;
(3) Aircraft deviation from ATC clearance;
(4) Aircraft deviation from applicable "ATM" (air traffic management) regulation
(i) Aircraft deviation from applicable published ATM procedures;
(ii) Unauthorized penetration of airspace;
(iii) Deviation from aircraft ATM-related equipment carriage and operations, as
mandated by applicable regulation(s).
(c) ATM-specific occurrences (encompassing those situations where the ability to
provide safe ATM services is affected, including situations where, by chance, the safe
operation of aircraft has not been jeopardized. This shall include the following
occurrences
(1) Inability to provide ATM services:

(i) inability to provide air traffic services;
(ii) inability to provide airspace management services;
(iii) inability to provide air traffic flow management services;
(2) Failure of Communication function;
(3) Failure of Surveillance function;
(4) Failure of Data Processing and Distribution function;

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(5) Failure of Navigation function

(6) ATM system security.
(7) Examples of include
(i) Provision of significantly incorrect, inadequate or misleading information
from any ground sources, e.g. ATC, "ATIS" (automatic terminal information
service), meteorological services, navigation databases, maps, charts,
manuals, etc.
(ii) Provision of less than prescribed terrain clearance.
(iii) Provision of incorrect pressure reference data (i.e. altimeter setting).
(iv) Incorrect transmission, receipt or interpretation of significant messages
when this results in a hazardous situation.
(v) Separation minima infringement.
(vi) Unauthorized penetration of airspace.
(vii) Unlawful radio communication transmission.
(viii) Major ATC/ATM failure or significant deterioration of aerodrome
infrastructure.
(ix) Aerodrome movement areas obstructed by aircraft, vehicles, animals
or foreign objects, resulting in a hazardous or potentially hazardous
situation.
(x) Errors or inadequacies in marking of obstructions or hazards on aerodrome
movement areas resulting in a hazardous situation.
(xi) Failure, significant malfunction or unavailability of aerodrome lighting.
(d) "ATC" (air traffic control) Navigation and Communications - significant
malfunction or deterioration of service.
(e) An aircraft was or could have been endangered by impairment of any member of
around staff (e.g. ATC, "FD" (flight dispatchers), Maintenance, etc.).
(f) ATC overload.
(g) Failure or unplanned shutdown of a major operational ATC computer system,
requiring reversion to manual back-up and resulting in disruption to the normal
flow of air traffic.
- End -

13-49
CAR PART 13

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013 Accident and Incident Reporting and Investigation

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013 Accident and Incident Reporting and Investigation

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CAR PART 13

Republic of the Philippines

CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS (CAR)

ACCIDENT & INCIDENT REPORTING &

No. 02 21 January 2014

INTENTIONALLY BLANK PAGE

No. 02 21 January 2014

No. 02 21 January 2014

No. 02 21 January 2014

Amendment Date Subject Incorporated By

No. 02 21 January 2014

Second 21 January 2014 1) Cover Page LT GEN William K

No. 02 21 January 2014

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Part Page Amendment No. Page Date

Record of Amendments v 2 21 January 2013

List of Effective Pages vi-vii 2 21 January 2013

Table of Contents viii-xi 2 21 January 2013

Introduction xxii 1 17 December 2012

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