Maliki Scholars

and Technical Terms

Taken from Al-Madkhal al-Wajiz fi Istilat madhhab as-Sadat al-Malikiyya, by
Ibrahim al-Mukhtar Ahmad 'Umar al-Jabruti az-Zayla'i

Maliki Scholars

Known as Name year died where buried

Imam Malik, founder of the school Malik ibn Anas 179/795 Madina
'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn
Ibn al-Qasim, student of Imam Malik 191/806 died Egypt
al-Qasim
'Abdullah ibn Wahb
Ibn Wahb 197/812 Egypt
ibn Muslim
Muhammad ibn
Ibn Bashir ca. 198/813 Cordoba
Bashir ibn Israfil
Miskin ibn
Ashhab 204/820 Egypt
'Abdu'l-'Aziz
Ibn Nafi' as-Sa'igh 'Abdullah ibn Nafi' ca. 207/823 Madina
'Abdullah ibn
Ibn 'Abdu'l-Hakam 210/826 Egypt
'Abdu'l-Hakam
Asad, the author of the basic text of Asad ibn Furat ibn
214/829 Sicily
the Mudawwana Sinan
'Abdu'l-Malik ibn
Ibn al-Majishun 214/829 Madina
'Abdu'l-'Aziz
Ibn Nafi' the Younger az-Zubayri 'Abdullah ibn Nafi' 216/831 Madina
Muhammad ibn
Ibn Maslama al-Makhzumi 221/216/831 Madina
Maslama
Mutarrif ibn
Mutarrif 'Abdullah ibn 220/835 Madina
Mutarrif
'Abdullah ibn
Ibn Maslama al-Qa'nabi 221/836 Madina
Maslama
Yahya al-Laythi, the transmitter of
Yahya ibn Yahya 224/839 Cordoba
the Muwatta' of Malik
Asbagh ibn al-Faraj
al-Asbagh, student of Ibn al-Qasim 225/840 Egypt
ibn Sa'id
 'Abdu'l-Malik ibn
Ibn Habib, author of the Wadiha 38/852 Andalusia
Habib as-Sulami
'Abdu's-Salam ibn
Sahnun 240/854 Qayrawan
Sa'id
Muhammad ibn
Al-'Utbi, author of the Mustrakharja Ahmad ibn 255/869 Andalusia
'Abdu'l-'Aziz
Muhammad ibn
Ibn Sahnun 257/871 Andalusia
Sahnun
Muhammad ibn
Ibn 'Abdus 261/875
Ibrahim
Muhammad ibn
Ibn 'Abdu'l-Hakam the younger 'Abdullah ibn 268/882 Egypt
'Abdu'l-Hakam
Ibn al-Mawwaz, the student of Ibn al- Muhammad ibn
281/894 Damascus
Majishun Ibrahim
Qadi Isma'il, author of al-Mabsuta Isma'il ibn Ishaq 282/895 Iraq
Muhammad ibn al-
Ibn Sha'ban 355/966 Egypt
Qasim ibn Sha'ban
'Abdu'l-Khaliq ibn
Ibn Shiblun al-Qayrawani 391/1001 Qayrawan
Abi Sa'id
Muhammad ibn
Al-Abhari 355/996 Baghdad
'Abdullah
Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani, author of 'Abdullah ibn
386/996
the Risala 'Abdu'r-Rahman
Ibn al-Qassar al-Baghdadi 'Ali ibn Ahmad 398/1008
Muhammad Abu
al-Baqillani 403/1013 Baghdad
Bakr ibn at-Tayyib
'Ali ibn Muhammad
al-Qabisi 404/1014 Tunis
al-Maghafiri
Muhammad ibn
Ibn al-Fakhkhar al-Qurtubi 419/1019 Valenica
'Umar ibn Yusuf
'Abdu'l-Wahhab ibn
Qadi 'Abdu'l-Wahhab al-Baghdadi 422/1031died Egypt
Nasr
Yunus ibn
Ibn al-Qassar al-Qurtubi 429/1038 Cordoba
Muhammad
Ibn Battal, the commentator on al-
'Ali ibn Khalaf 444/1054
Bukhari
Muhammad ibn
Ibn Yusuf as-Siqilli, author of al-Jami' 451/1061
'Abdullah
Ibn 'Abdu'l-Barr Yusuf ibn 'Umar 463/1071 Shatiba
al-Baji, author of al-Muntaqa Sulayman ibn 474/1081 Almeria
 Khalaf
'Ali ibn Muhammad
al-Lakhmi, author of al-Tabsira 498/1092 Sfax
ar-Rib'i
Ibn Rushd (al-Jadd, 'the grandfather'), Muhammad ibn
520/1126 Cordoba
author of al-Muqaddimat Ahmad
Muhammad ibn al-
at-Tarushi, author of Siraj al-Muluk 520/1126 Alexandria
Walid
Muhammad ibn 'Ali
al-Maziri, student of al-Lakhmi 536/1142
at-Tamimi
Qadi Sanad, commentator on
Sanad ibn 'Inan 541/1147 Alexandria
the Mudawwana
Qadi Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi*,
commentator on at-Tirmidhi Muhammad ibn
[The name of this Ibn al-'Arabi is with 'Abdullah ibn 543/1148 Fes
the definite article (al-) to distinguish al-'Arabi
him from Shaykh al-Akbar Ibn 'Arabi.]
Qadi 'Iyad 'Iyad ibn Musa 544/1149 Marrakesh
ash-Shatibi, author of the Hirz al- Abu'l-Qasim ibn Muqattam,
590/1193
Amani Fira ibn Khalaf Cairo
Ibn Rushd (al-Hafid, "the grandson")
Muhammad ibn
the philosopher, author of Bidayat al- 595/1198 Cordoba
Ahmad
Mujtahid
Ibn Shas, author of al-Jawahir ath- 'Abdullah ibn Damietta,
616/1188
Thamina Muhammad Egypt
Ibn al-Hajib, author of Jami' al-
'Uthman ibn 'Umar 646/1221 Alexandria
Ummahat
Muhammad Abu'l-
Ibn Daqiq al-'Id 667/1268 Qarafa, Cairo
Fath
Muhammad ibn
al-Qurtubi, author of the Tafsir Ahmad ibn Abi 671/1272 Munya
Bakr
al-Qarafi, author of adh-Dhakhira Ahmad ibn Idris 684/1285 Qarafa, Cairo
Qarafa, Cairo
Ibn Abi Jamra 'Abdullah ibn As'ad 699/1300
o
Ibn ash-Shat, author of Anwar al- Qasim ibn
723/1333 Ceuta
Buruq 'Abdullah
Muhammad ibn
Ibn al-Hajj, author of al-Madkhal Muhammad 737/1347 Qarafa, Cairo
al-'Abdari
Muhammad ibn
Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi 745/1355 Egypt
Yusuf ibn 'Ali
as-Sayyid 'Abdullah al-Manufi, the 'Abdullah 748/1358 Qarafa, Cairo
teacher of Abu'd-Diya Khalil
Ahmad ibn Sale,
Ibn 'Ashir al-Andalusi 765/1364
Muhammad Morocco
Abu'd-Diya Khalil, author of the Ibn 'Ashir Khalil
767/1366 Qarafa, Cairo
famous Mukhtasar ibn Ishaq
Ar-Rahuni, commentator of
Yahya ibn Musa 775/1374
the Mukhtasar of Ibn al-Hajib
Muhammad ibn
Ibn Marzuq at-Tilimsani the grandson Ahmad ibn 842/1439 Tlemcen
Muhammad
Al-Mawwaq, the author of at-Taj wa'l- Muhammad ibn year
Granada
Iklil Yusuf al-'Abdari 897/1491
At-Tata'i, the commentator on Muhammad ibn
940/1533 Egypt
the Mukhtasar of Khalil Ibrahim
Abu'l-Hasan, commentator of 'Ali ibn Muhammad
939/1532 Egypt
the Risala al-Manufi
Muhammad ibn
Al-Hattab, author of Mawahib al-Jalil Muhammad ibn 954/1547
'Abdu'r-Rahman
'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn
Al-Ujhuri, glossator on Khalil 957/1550
'Ali
Muhammad ibn
Nasiru'd-din al-Laqqani 958/1551 Egypt
Hasan
Ibn at-Turki, the commentator Ahmad ibn Turki Mugawarin,
979/1571
on 'Ashmawiya ibn Ahmad Cairo
Ibn Marzuq at-Tilimsani the Muhammad ibn
781/1379 Egypt
grandfather Ahmad
Ash-Shatibi, author of al-Muwafaqat Ibrahim ibn 'Ali 790/1388
Ibn Farhun, author of ad-Dibaj Ibrahim ibn 'Ali 799 /1397 Madina
Muhammad ibn
Ibn 'Arafa Muhammad ibn 803/1401 Tunis
'Arafa
Bahram, the author of the commentary Bahram ibn
805/1403 Egypt
on the Mukhtasar 'Abdullah
Ibn Khaldun, author of the History 'Abdu'r-Rahman 807/1405 Egypt
Al-Afqahasi, commentator on 'Abdullah ibn
823/1420 Egypt
the Risala Miqdad
Muhammad ibn
Ibn 'Asim, author of Tuhfa al-Hukkam Muhammad ibn 829/1426
'Asim
Al-Ujhuri, author of 3 commentaries on 'Ali ibn Zayn
1066/1656 Qarafa, Cairo
the Mukhtasar al-'Abidin
 'Abdu's-Salam ibn
Al-Laqqani, author of Ithaf al-Murid 1078/1667 Egypt
Ibrahim
Az-Zurqani, commentator Mugawarin,
'Abdu'l-Baqi 1099/1688
on Mukhtasar Cairo
Al-Kharashi. commentator on Muhammad ibn Mugawarin,
1101/1689
the Mukhtasar 'Abdullah Cairo
Ash-Shibrakhiti, commentator on drowned in
Ibrahim ibn Mar'i 1106/1694
the Mukhtasar and other books the Nile
'Ali ibn Ahmad ibn
Al-'Adawi, glossator on al-Kharashi 1119/1707 Cairo
Mukarram
An-Nafrawi, commentator on Ahmad ibn Ghanim
1124/1712
the Risala ibn Salim
Al-Bunani al-Maghribi, glossator 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn
1198/1784 Egypt
on Jam' al-Jawami' Jadullah
ad-Dardiri, author of the Ahmad ibn Egypt
1201/1787
commentaries, al-Kabir and as-Saghir Muhammad Ka'kabin
ad-Dasuqi, glossator on the Great Muhammad ibn Mugawarin,
1230/1815
Commentary Ahmad ibn 'Arafa Cairo
Muhammad ibn
Al-Amir al-Kabir, author of al-Majmu' 1232/1817 Cairo
Muhammad
as-Sawi, commentator on the Small Ahmad ibn
1241/1826 Nabi
Commentary Muhammad
Shaykh 'Illysh, author of Manh al- Muhammad ibn Mugawarin,
1299/1882
Jalil and other books Ahmad Cairo
Shaykh Hasan al-'Adawi, author of Hasan al-Adawi al-
1303/1886 Egypt
the Tabsira Hamzawi
Al-Hamid, glossator of al-Kafrawi Isma'il ibn Musa 1316/1898
Shaykh Salim al-Bashari 1335/1917 Egypt
Shaykh al-Islam Abu'l-Fadl al-Jizawi Muhammad 1346/1927 Egypt
Mahmud ibn
Shaykh Mahmud as-Sabaki Muhammad 1352/1933 Egypt
Khattab
As-Salmaluti, author of Dala'il al- Muhammad ibn
1353/1934 Egypt
Adab Ibrahim ibn 'Ali
Shaykh Muhammad Hasanayn Makluf Mugawarin,
Muhammad 1355/1936
al-'Adawi Cairo
Shaykh Dasuqi 'Abdullah al-'Arabi 1356/1937 Cairo
al-Haddad, Shaykh of the reciters of Muhammad ibn 'Ali Mugawarin,
1357/1938
Egypt ibn Khalaf Cairo

Technical Terms
"The Book":

By this they mean the Mudawwana.

Ummahat (Primary Sources)

The Four Ummahat

1. The Mudawwana by Sahnun, which is the most respect of the books of the
School and its basis.

2. Al-Mustakhrija by Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-'Utbi al-Andalusi, known

as al-'Utibiyya.

3. Al-Mawwaziyya by Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Iskandari, known as Ibn al-

Mawwaz.

4. Al-Wadiha by 'Abdu'l-Malik ibn Habib as-Sulami.

The Seven Diwans

This includes the four books mentioned above plus:

5. Al-Mukhtalita by Ibn al-Qasim

6. Al-Mabsuta by Qadi Isma'il

7. al-Majmu'a by Ibn 'Abdus.

The Seven Fuqaha'

Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab

'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr

al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr as-Siddiq

Kharija ibn Zayd ibn Thabit

'Ubaydullah ibn 'Utba ibn Mas'ud

Sulayman ibn Yasar,

There is disageement about the seventh. It is said to be Abu Salama ibn 'Abdu'r-
Rahman ibn 'Awf, Salim ibn 'Abdullah or Abu Bakr ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman.

The 'Abdullahs

They consist of four men:

'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr,

'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As

'Abdullah ibn 'Umar ibn al-Khattab

'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas.

The Madinans

Among the followers of Malik, this indicates Ibn Kinan, Ibn al-Majishun,
Mutarrif, Ibn Nafi' Ibn Maslama and their likes.

The 'Egyptians

This indicates Ibn al-Qasim, Ashhab, Ibn Wahb, Asbagh ibn al-Faraj, Ibn
'Abdu'l-Hakam and their likes.

The 'Iraqis

This indicates Qadi Isma'il ibn Ishaq, Qadi Abu'l-Husayn ibn al-Qassar. Ibn al-
Jallab, Qadi 'Abdu'l-Wahhab,

Qadi 'Abdu'l-Wahhab, Shaykh Abu Bakr al-Abhari and their likes.

The Maghribis

This indicates Shaykh Ibn Zayd, Ibn al-Qabisi, Ibn al-Lubbad, al-Baji, al-
Lakhmi, Ibn Muhriz, Ibn 'Abdu'l-Barr, Ibn Rushd, Ibn al-'Arabi, Qadi Sanad,
al-Makhzumi, Ibn Shiblun and Ibn Sha'ban.

When the Egyptians and Madinans disagree

When the Egyptians and Madinans disagree, generally the Egyptians are put
first. When the Maghribs and Iraqis disagree, the Maghribis are put first. Al-
Ujhuri said, "Putting the Egyptians before others is evident because they are
outstanding scholars of the School since they include Ibn Wahb, whose esteem
is known, Ibn al-Qasim and Ashhab. Similarly, the Madinas are put before the
Maghribis since they include the brothers. The Maghribis are put before the
Iraqis since they include the two shaykhs."

The Two comrades (Qarinayn)

They are Ashhab and Ibn Nafi'. Ashhab was joined with Ibn Nafi' since he was
blind, as al-'Adawi mentioned. Earlier people applied the term to Imam Malik
and Ibn 'Uyayna. Part of that is what ash-Shafi'i, said,"If it had not been for the
two comrades. Malik and Ibn 'Uyayna,. the knowledge of the Hijaz would have
disappeared."

The Two brothers

The two brothers are Mutarrif and Ibn al-Majishun. That is especially the case
since they frequently agreed on rulings and held to them.

The Two Qadis

The two Qadis are Ibn al-Qassar and 'Abdu'l-Wahhab.

The Two Muhammads

Ibn al-Mawwaz and Ibn Sahnun. Ibn 'Arafa says that it is Ibn al-Mawwaz and
Ibn 'Abdu'l-Hakam.

The Muhammads

They are four who were alive at the same time among the imams of the Maliki
school whose like had not existed in the same time. Two were from Qarawayn:
Ibn 'Abdus and Ibn Sahnun, and two were Egyptian: Ibn 'Abdu'l-Hakam and
Ibn al-Mawwaz.

"Muhammad" refers to Ibn al-Mawwaz

The Imam

This is used for al-Maziri in fiqh, In books of tafsir, usul and kalam, it is
usually Imam Fakhr'ud-din ar-Razi ash-Shafi'i. In Shafi'i fiqh, it was the Imam
of the two Harams.
The Shaykh

This is used for Ibn Abi Zayd.

The Two Sicilians

They are Ibn Yunus and 'Abdu'l-Haqq.

The Two Shaykhs

They are Abu Muhammad 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd and Abu'l-Hasan 'Ali al-
Qabisi.

This is in the following charts

Two Comrades Two brothers Two Qadis Two Muhammads Muhammad

Ashhab Mutarrif Ibn al-Qassar Ibn al-Mawwaz Ibn al-Mawwaz
Ibn Nafi' Ibn al-Majishun 'Abdu'l-Wahhab Ibn Sahnun
Muhammads Two Shaykhs The Imam The Shaykh The Sicilians
Ibn 'Abdu'l-Hakam Ibn Abi Zayd Al-Ma'ziri Ibn Abi Zayd Ibn Yunus
Ibn al-Mawwaz al-Qabisi 'Abdu'l-Haqq
Ibn 'Abdus <="" td="">
Ibn Sahnun <="" td="">

Riwayat and Aqwal

The rule of Khalil and others in general is that by riwayat they mean the views
of Malik and by aqwal the views of his people and those after him, like Ibn
Rushd.

Ittifaq, Ijma' and jumhur

Ittifaq means the agreement of the people of the School. Ijma' means the
consensus of he scholars. Jumhur means that of the the four imams.

The Madhhab

Later imams of the School apply this term to that on which there has been
a fatwa.

His School
This means what he and those following his path have said. it is called "his
school" since it is based on his rules and the basis on which he based his
school. It does not mean what he alone believed apart from others of the people
of Madina.

The later scholars and the earlier scholars

The first generation of the later scholars in the usage of the school is Ibn Abi
Zayd and then those after it. The earlier scholars are those before him.