NAMA : NUR DEWI PUSPORINI

NIM : 16/407756/PTK/11387

Case:
Campuran cair C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 dan C6H14 dengan komposisi fraksi mol masing-masing komponen
berturut-turut: 0,2 ; 0,3 ; 0,4 dan 0,1. Dinaikkan suhunya (T) pada tekanan tetap (P) adalah 3 atm. Uap
dianggap ideal. Ingin dicari suhu saat cairan mulai mendidih!

Equation:
(1) Equilibrium
(fi) vapor = (fi) liquid
fi . yi . P = gi . xi . Pi ---> For ideal gas fi = 1
yi = (gi . Pi/P) . xi
yi = Ki . xi
(2) Equilibrium constant
Ki = (gi . Pi/P)
(3) Activity Coefficient
gi = exp[(vi/RT).(i-avg)^2]
(4) Solubility Parameter Average
avg = (xi.vi.i)/(xi.vi)
(5) Antoine equation
Based on Antoine coefficient from www.engr.umd.edu/~nsw/ench250/antoine.dat
log (Pi) = Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)
Pi = 10^[Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)] which Pi is in mmHg and T is in Celcius
(6) Bubble point constraint
yi = 1

Algorithm:
Trial T ---> Calculate Pi ---> Calculate gi ---> Calculate Ki ---> Calculate yi ---> yi = 1 ---> YES ---> FINISH

NO

Result:
P= 3 atm R= 82.057 mL.atm/mol/K
T= 26.1482 C TRIAL

Data
Fraction Antoine Coefficient
Component vi, cm/m i, atm^0
(xi) A B C
C3H8 0.2 6.80398 803.81 246.99 89.16 41.9
C4H10 0.3 6.80896 935.86 238.73 96.82 43.44
C5H12 0.4 6.87632 1075.78 233.205 115 44.98
C6H14 0.1 6.87024 1168.72 224.21 131.5 46.52

Calculation Result
Pi
Component Fraction xi . vi . i xi . vi gi Ki = gi .
(xi) (mmHg) (atm) Pi/P
C3H8 0.2 7262.91 9.5565 747.1608 17.832 1.0199237 3.2489553
 C4H10 0.3 1887.07 2.4830 1261.758 29.046 1.0024704 0.8297089
C5H12 0.4 535.04 0.7040 2069.08 46 1.0026295 0.2352836
C6H14 0.1 159.24 0.2095 611.738 13.15 1.0284484 0.0718284
= 4689.74 106.03
Conclussion:
The mixture is starting to vaporize at 26,15 C and constant pressure 3 atm.
masing komponen
alah 3 atm. Uap

yi = Ki . xi

0.64979105
0.24891267
0.09411343
0.00718284
1.000000
Sample Case:
Cairan bersuhu Tf = 20C bertekanan P = 3 atm sebanyak F = 200 mol/menit mengandung C3H8, C4H10,
C5H12 dan C6H14 berturut-turut dengan fraksi mol z1 = 0,2; z2 = 0,3; z3 = 0,4; z4 = 0,1 dipanaskan pada
tekanan tetap sampai suhunya mencapai 40C sehingga sebagian cairan menguap. Ingin dicari jumlah
cairan dan uap yang keluar serta komposisi masing-masing. Cairan dan uap dapat dianggap ideal!

Solution:
Tf = 20 C
P= 3 atm V= 56.178501 mol/menit
T= 40 C L= 143.8215 mol/menit
F= 200 mol/menit
V/F = 0.2808925 TRIAL

Fraction Antoine Coefficient Pi

Component Ki = Pio/P
(zi)
A B C (mmHg) (atm)
C3H8 0.2 6.80398 803.81 246.99 10072.811 13.253699 4.417899741
C4H10 0.3 6.80896 935.86 238.73 2827.3124 3.720148 1.24004932
C5H12 0.4 6.87632 1075.78 233.205 868.34188 1.1425551 0.380851702
C6H14 0.1 6.87024 1168.72 224.21 279.76215 0.3681081 0.122702697
Constraint
 andung C3H8, C4H10,
4 = 0,1 dipanaskan pada
ap. Ingin dicari jumlah
at dianggap ideal!

xi = zi/ [(1-V/F) yi = Ki*xi

+V/F*Ki]

0.1020 0.4507917
0.2810 0.3485151
0.4842 0.1844126
0.1327 0.0162828
1.0000 1.0000
 Persamaan:
*F=V+L Neraca massa total
1 = V/F + L/F
* F.zi = V.yi + L.xi
zi = V/F.yi + L/F.xi
zi = V/F.yi + (1-V/F).xi
zi = V/F.Ki.xi + (1-V/F).xi Neraca massa komponen
* Ki = Pio/P Kesetimbangan
* log Pio = Ai - Bi/(Ci + T) Antoine equation
* xi = 1
* yi = Ki.xi
NAMA : NUR DEWI PUSPORINI
NIM : 16/407756/PTK/11387

Case:
Cairan bersuhu Tf = 20C bertekanan P = 3 atm sebanyak F = 200 mol/menit mengandung C3H8, C4H10, C5H
berturut-turut dengan fraksi mol z1 = 0,2; z2 = 0,3; z3 = 0,4; z4 = 0,1 dipanaskan pada tekanan tetap sampai s
mencapai 40C sehingga sebagian cairan menguap. Ingin dicari jumlah cairan dan uap yang keluar serta kom
masing. Cairan dan uap dapat dianggap ideal!

Equation:
(1) Equilibrium
(fi) vapor = (fi) liquid
fi . yi . P = gi . xi . Pi ---> For ideal gas and ideal liquid fi = 1 and gi = 1
yi = (Pi/P) . xi
yi = Ki . xi
(2) Equilibrium constant
Ki = (Pi/P)
(3) Antoine equation
Based on Antoine coefficient from www.engr.umd.edu/~nsw/ench250/antoine.dat
log (Pi) = Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)
Pi = 10^[Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)] which Pi is in mmHg and T is in Celcius
(4) Total mass balance
F = V+L
1 = V/F + L/F
(5) Component mass balance
F.zi = V . yi + L . xi
zi = (V/F) . yi + (L/F) . xi
zi = (V/F) . Ki . xi + (1-V/F) . xi
xi = zi/[(1-V/F)+(V/F).Ki]
(6) Constraint
xi = 1

Algorithm:
Calculate Pi ---> Calculate Ki ---> Trial V/F ---> Calculate xi ---> yi = 1 ---> YES ---> Calculate yi

NO
Result:
Tf = 20 C Jumlah vapor dan liquid:
P= 3 atm V= 56.178501 mol/menit
T= 40 C L= 143.8215 mol/menit
F = 200 mol/menit
V/F = 0.2809 TRIAL

Fraction Antoine Coefficient Pi

Component Ki = Pio/P
(zi) A B C (mmHg) (atm)
C3H8 0.2 6.80398 803.81 246.99 10072.811 13.254 4.418
C4H10 0.3 6.80896 935.86 238.73 2827.3124 3.720 1.240
C5H12 0.4 6.87632 1075.78 233.205 868.34188 1.143 0.381
C6H14 0.1 6.87024 1168.72 224.21 279.76215 0.368 0.123

Conclussion:
* Jadi, jumlah cairan yang keluar adalah 143,8215 mol/menit dan jumlah uap sebesar 56,1785 mol/menit.
* Komposisi cairan keluar dinyatakan dalam fraksi mol --> C3H8 = 0,102 ; C4H10 = 0,281 ; C5H12 = 0,484 ; C6H
* Komposisi uap keluar dinyatakan dalam fraksi mol --> C3H8 = 0,451 ; C4H10 = 0,349 ; C5H12 = 0,184 ; C6H14

Menentukan Jumlah panas yang di supplay

(7) Equation untuk menghitung nilai Q
Q = L.HL + V.HV - F.HF
di mana
L.HL = L.xi.CpLi.(T-Tr) Tref =
V.HV = V.yi.[i + CpVi.(T-Tr)]
F.HF = F.zi.CpLi.(Tf-Tr) umpan berfase cair

Mole fraction CpLi CpVi L.HL

Component
zi xi yi (J/mol/C) (J/mol/C) i (J/mol) (J/menit)
C3H8 0.2 0.102 0.451 98.36 73.6 24545 21651.78
C4H10 0.3 0.281 0.349 132.42 98.49 22440 80288.12
C5H12 0.4 0.484 0.184 167.19 120.07 26200 174646.6
C6H14 0.1 0.133 0.016 197.66 142.6 28850 56585.88
333172.4
ngandung C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 dan C6H14
pada tekanan tetap sampai suhunya
n uap yang keluar serta komposisi masing-

1 and gi = 1

> Calculate yi
 mol/menit
mol/menit

Komposisi vapor dan

liquid
xi yi = Ki*xi

0.102 0.451
0.281 0.349
0.484 0.184
0.133 0.016
1.0000 1.0000

esar 56,1785 mol/menit.

0,281 ; C5H12 = 0,484 ; C6H14 = 0,133
349 ; C5H12 = 0,184 ; C6H14 = 0,016

25 C

Q
V.HF F.HF (J/menit
(J/menit) (J/menit) )
649555.9 -19672 690880
468279.1 -39726 588293
290091.6 -66876 531614
28346.93 -19766 104699
1436274 -146040 1915486
1915486
NAMA : NUR DEWI PUSPORINI
NIM : 16/407756/PTK/11387

Case: Dew Point Temperature - Ideal Gas - Non Ideal Liquid

Equation:
(1) Equilibrium
(fi) vapor = (fi) liquid
fi . yi . P = gi . xi . Pi ---> For ideal gas fi = 1
yi = (gi . Pi/P) . xi
yi = Ki . xi
(2) Equilibrium constant
Ki = (gi . Pi/P)
(3) Activity Coefficient
gi = exp[(vi/RT).(i-avg)^2]
(4) Solubility Parameter Average
avg = (xi.vi.i)/(xi.vi)
(5) Antoine equation
Based on Antoine coefficient from www.engr.umd.edu/~nsw/ench250/antoine.dat
log (Pi) = Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)
Pi = 10^[Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)] which Pi is in mmHg and T is in Celcius
(6) Dew point constraint
xi = 1

Result:
P= 3 atm R= 82.057 mL.atm/mol/K
T= 64.2557 C TRIAL
g1= 1.0390
g2= 1.0128
g3= 1.0006
g4= 1.0066

Data
Fraction Antoine Coefficient
Component vi, cm/m i, atm^0
(yi) A B C
C3H8 0.2 6.80398 803.81 246.99 89.16 41.9
C4H10 0.3 6.80896 935.86 238.73 96.82 43.44
C5H12 0.4 6.87632 1075.78 233.205 115 44.98
C6H14 0.1 6.87024 1168.72 224.21 131.5 46.52

Calculation Result
Pi
Component Fraction Ki app xi app xi . vi . i xi . vi gi
(yi) (mmHg) (atm)
C3H8 0.2 16650.3 21.9083 7.5877 0.0264 98.470242 2.35013 1.0390
C4H10 0.3 5250.10 6.9080 2.3322 0.1286 541.02697 12.4546 1.0128
C5H12 0.4 1818.76 2.3931 0.7981 0.5012 2592.3513 57.6334 1.0006
C6H14 0.1 658.77 0.8668 0.2908 0.3438 2103.4292 45.2156 1.0066
= 1.0000 5335.28 117.65
Liquid

g Ki xi

0.0000 7.5877 0.0264

0.0000 2.3322 0.1286
0.0000 0.7981 0.5012
0.0000 0.2908 0.3438
1.0000
NAMA : NUR DEWI PUSPORINI
NIM : 16/407756/PTK/11387

Case: Flash Vaporization - Ideal Gas - Non Ideal Liquid - Non Adiabatic
Equation:
(1) Equilibrium constant (7) Total mass balance
(fi) vapor = (fi) liquid F = V+L
fi . yi . P = gi . xi . Pi ---> For ideal gas fi = 1 1 = V/F + L/F
yi = (gi . Pi/P) . xi (8) Component mass balance
yi = Ki . xi F.zi = V . yi + L . xi
(2) Equilibrium constant zi = (V/F) . yi + (L/F) . xi
Ki = (gi . Pi/P) zi = (V/F) . Ki . xi + (1-V/F) . xi
(3) Activity Coefficient xi = zi/[(1-V/F)+(V/F).Ki]
gi = exp[(vi/RT).(i-avg)^2] (9) Equation to calculate Q
(4) Solubility Parameter Average Q = L.HL + V.HV - F.HF
avg = (xi.vi.i)/(xi.vi) which
(5) Antoine equation L.HL = L.xi.CpLi.(T-Tref)
Pi = 10^[Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)] which Pi is in mmHg and T is in Celcius V.HV = V.yi.[i + CpVi.(T-Tref)]
(6) Constraint F.HF = F.zi.CpLi.(Tf-Tref)
xi = 1
Result:
P= 3 atm R= 82.057 mL.atm/mol/K
T= 40.4853 C TRIAL V/F= 0.3
Q= 559150 J/menit TRIAL F= 200 mol/min
g1= 1.0258 TRIAL V= 60 mol/min
g2= 1.0052 TRIAL L= 140 mol/min
g3= 1.0006 TRIAL Tf= 70 C
g4= 1.0188 TRIAL Tr= 25 C
Data
Fraction Antoine Coefficient i, CpLi CpVi
Component vi, cm/m atm^0 i (J/mol)
(zi) A B C (J/mol/C) (J/mol/C)
C3H8 0.2 6.80398 803.81 246.99 89.16 41.9 98.36 73.6 24545
C4H10 0.3 6.80896 935.86 238.73 96.82 43.44 132.42 98.49 22440
C5H12 0.4 6.87632 1075.78 233.205 115 44.98 167.19 120.07 26200
C6H14 0.1 6.87024 1168.72 224.21 131.5 46.52 197.66 142.6 28850
Calculation Result
Fraction Pi xi = xi app Q,
Component Ki app xi app xi . vi xi . vi . i gi Ki xi yi F . Hf V . Hv L . Hl
(zi) (mmHg) (atm) - xi J/menit
C3H8 0.2 10183.1 13.3988 4.581425 0.096412 8.59611 360.17686 1.0257845 4.58142514 0.0964121 0.0000 0.441705 177048 680704 20558.86
C4H10 0.3 2865.56 3.7705 1.263324 0.278036 26.9194 1169.3804 1.0051701 1.26332413 0.2780359 0.0000 0.351249 357534 505065 79818.47
559150
C5H12 0.4 882.42 1.1611 0.38726 0.490089 56.3602 2535.0838 1.0006093 0.38726047 0.4900891 0.0000 0.189792 601884 319526 177637
C6H14 0.1 285.04 0.3750 0.127366 0.135463 17.8134 828.67769 1.0187995 0.12736604 0.1354628 0.0000 0.017253 177894 32152 58048.08
109.689 4893.3188 1 1 1314360 1537446.9 336063
Q

0
NAMA : NUR DEWI PUSPORINI
NIM : 16/407756/PTK/11387

Case: Flash Vaporization - Ideal Gas - Non Ideal Liquid - Adiabatic

Cairan bersuhu Tf = 70C bertekanan Pf = 10 atm sebanyak F = 200 mol/menit mengandung C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 dan C6H14 berturut-turut dengan fraksi mol z1 = 0,2;
dilewatkan pada sebuah valve sehingga mengalami penurunan tekanan menjadi 3 atm. Ingin dicari suhu fluida saat tekanan P dan nilai V/F. Uap dapat dianggap ideal ;

Equation:
(1) Equilibrium constant (7) Total mass balance
(fi) vapor = (fi) liquid F = V+L
fi . yi . P = gi . xi . Pi ---> For ideal gas fi = 1 1 = V/F + L/F
yi = (gi . Pi/P) . xi (8) Component mass balance
yi = Ki . xi F.zi = V . yi + L . xi
(2) Equilibrium constant zi = (V/F) . yi + (L/F) . xi
Ki = (gi . Pi/P) zi = (V/F) . Ki . xi + (1-V/F) . xi
(3) Activity Coefficient xi = zi/[(1-V/F)+(V/F).Ki]
gi = exp[(vi/RT).(i-avg)^2] (9) Equation to calculate Q
(4) Solubility Parameter Average Q = L.HL + V.HV - F.HF
avg = (xi.vi.i)/(xi.vi) which
(5) Antoine equation L.HL = L.xi.CpLi.(T-Tref)
Based on Antoine coefficient from www.engr.umd.edu/~nsw/ench250/antoine.dat V.HV = V.yi.[i + CpVi.(T-Tref)]
log (Pi) = Ai - Bi/(T+Ci) F.HF = F.zi.CpLi.(Tf-Tref)
Pi = 10^[Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)] which Pi is in mmHg and T is in Celcius
(6) Constraint
xi = 1

Result:
P= 3 atm R= 82.057 mL.atm/mol/K
T= 36.2591 C TRIAL
V/F= 0.2069 TRIAL F= 200 mol/min
g1= 1.0240 TRIAL V= 41.385 mol/min
 g2= 1.0043 TRIAL L= 158.615 mol/min
g3= 1.0010 TRIAL Tf= 70 C
g4= 1.0213 TRIAL Tr= 25 C

Data
Fraction Antoine Coefficient i, CpLi CpVi
Component vi, cm/m atm^0 i (J/mol)
(zi) A B C (J/mol/C) (J/mol/C)
C3H8 0.2 6.80398 803.81 246.99 89.16 41.9 98.36 73.6 24545
C4H10 0.3 6.80896 935.86 238.73 96.82 43.44 132.42 98.49 22440
C5H12 0.4 6.87632 1075.78 233.205 115 44.98 167.19 120.07 26200
C6H14 0.1 6.87024 1168.72 224.21 131.5 46.52 197.66 142.6 28850

Calculation Result
Pi
Component Fraction xi = xi app
Ki app xi app xi . vi xi . vi . i gi Ki xi yi F . Hf
(zi) (mmHg) (atm) - xi
C3H8 0.2 9250.38 12.1716 4.154709 0.121008 10.789 452.0606 1.0240374 4.15470934 0.1210076 0.0000 0.502751 177048
C4H10 0.3 2545.06 3.3488 1.121053 0.292669 28.3362 1230.9248 1.0043001 1.12105328 0.2926689 0.0000 0.328097 357534
C5H12 0.4 765.64 1.0074 0.336157 0.463696 53.325 2398.5603 1.0010409 0.33615715 0.463696 0.0000 0.155875 601884
C6H14 0.1 241.69 0.3180 0.108267 0.122627 16.1255 750.15892 1.0213427 0.10826672 0.1226275 0.0000 0.013276 177894
108.576 4831.7046 1 1 1314360
 z1 = 0,2; z2 = 0,3; z3 = 0,4; z4 = 0,1
ap ideal ; sistem bekerja adiabatis!
 V . Hv L . Hl Q

527934 21255.84
319755 69211.35
0
177734 138449
16734 43286.62
1042156.9 272203