GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN

THEORY AND PRACTICE

Prof. J. N. Mandal

Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay,

Powai , Mumbai 400076, India.
Tel.022-25767328
email: cejnm@civil.iitb.ac.in
URL - http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~cejnm/
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 LECTURE- 1
INTRODUCTION

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 NOTICE

The content of this course reflects the views and opinion of the
various authors. It does not constitute a standard, specification
or regulation. Nobody will be liable or responsible for any
damage caused to anyone by the use of the content of this
course.

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 COURSE NAME: GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING:
IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
Course content
Module Contents

Background of reinforced earth, mechanism and

1. Introduction
concepts, Basis of reinforced earth wall design

Geosynthetics classifications, functions, applications,

2. An overview of
raw materials used. Different types of Geosynthetics,
Geosynthetic
manufacturing, system, Design and sustainability

Various properties of Geosynthetics, physical

3. Geosynthetic
properties, mechanical properties, hydraulic properties
Testing
& endurance properties, Nano material

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 Module Contents
4.Geosynthetic in filtration, Mechanism of filtration and drainage functions &
drainage and erosion their applications, Design step for erosion
control control and geocomposite drainage
Mechanisms and concept of pavement, design
of unpaved road, Giroud and Noiray method,
5.Geosynthetic in
U.S. Forest services, airfield pavement design,
pavement
reflection cracking, pavement rehabilitation and
repair, Nano material
Different types of facing elements, construction
6.Geosynthetic Reinforced procedure, cost, design of Geosynthetics wrap
soil retaining wall around faced wall, geogrid reinforced soil walls,
geocell wall, gabion wall
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Module Contents
7.Geosynthetic in Model for single and multi-layer reinforced slopes,
Reinforced soil guidelines for design of reinforced slopes, software
slopes for reinforced soil slopes
Design of basal reinforced embankment, placement
8.Geosynthetic in
of Geosynthetics, construction procedure, widening
embankment
of existing road embankments

Consolidation techniques, Development of design

9.Geosynthetic in chart for prefabricated vertical drains, ground
ground improvement instrumentation and monitoring, Design of encased
stone columns, geocell/geofoam systems

10.Geosynthetic in Bearing capacity of Geosynthetics reinforced soil

Bearing capacity system, geocell reinforced sand overlaying soft clay
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Module Content
Geotextile tubes, geotextile containers, geotextile
11.Geosynthetic in bags, dewatering waste and contaminated
geotextile tube sediments, installation and design of geotextile
tube

Design of landfill liner, veneer slope stability without

12.Geosynthetic in
and with seismic analysis, run out length,
landfill settlement of landfill, advantage of LSS model

Applications, advantage, function of geofoam,

physical, mechanical and thermal properties of
13.Geosynthetic in
geofoam, design of embankment using geofoam,
geofoam geofoam reinforced soil walls, New light weight fill
material
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 RFERENCES:
Koerner, R. M. (2012). Designing with Geosynthetics, 6th
Edition, Vol. 1 and 2, Xlibris corp., 914 p.
Giroud, J. P. (1984). Geotextiles and Geomembranes.
Definitions, Properties and Design, Selected Papers,
Revisions and Comments, 4th ed., IFAI Publishers, 325 p.
Holtz, R. D., Christopher, B. R. and Berg, R. R. (1997)
Geosynthetic engineering, Bitech publishers Ltd., 452p.
Hausmann, M. R. (1990). Engineering Principles of
Ground Modification, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company,
New York, 632 p.
Ingold, T. S. (1982). Reinforced Earth, Thomas Telford
Ltd., London, 141 p.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Das B. M. (2008). Advanced Soil mechanics, Taylor and
Fracis Group, London, 2nd Edition.

Christopher, B. R., Holtz, R. D. and DiMaggio, J. A. (1984).

Geotextile Engineering Manual, No. DTFH 61-80-C-00094,
Washington, DC, Federal Highway Administration,1044 p.

Holtz, R. D., Christophers, B. R. and Berg, R. R. (Technical

Consultant: DiMaggio) (1998). Geosynthetics Design and
Construction Guidelines, U.S. Department of Transportation,
Washington, DC, FHWA-HI-98-038, 460 p.

Van Zanten, R. V., Ed. (1986). Geotextiles and

Geomembranes in Civil Engineering, Rotterdam: A. A.
Balkema, 658 p.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Pilarezyk, K. W. Ed. (2000). Geosynthetics and
Geosystems in Hydraulic and coastal engineering,
Balkema, 913p.
Rankilor, P. R. (1981). Membranes in Ground Engineering,
New York: J. Wiley, 377 p.
Horvath, J. S. (1995). Geofoam Geosynthetic, Scarsdale,
NY: Horvath Engineering P.C., 217p.
Mandal, J. N., Ed. (1988). Reinforced Soil and Geotextile,
Oxford and IBH Publishing Company Private Limited, New
Delhi.
Mandal, J. N. and Divshikar, D. G. (2002). A Guide to
Geotextiles Testing, NEW AGE International Private
Limited Publisher, New Delhi.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Mandal, J. N., Ed. (1994). Geosynthetics World, NEW
AGE International Private Limited Publisher, New Delhi.

Mandal, J. N. and Choudhury, D., Ed. (2004). International

Conference on Geosynthetics and Geoenvironmental
Engineering, ICGGE 2004, Quest publications, Mumbai,
India.

Mandal, J. N. and Divshikar, D. G. (1994). Soil Testing in

Civil Engineering, Oxford and IBH Publishing Company
Private Limited, New Delhi.

Venkatappa, R. G. and Suryanarayana, R. G. V. S., Eds.

(1990). Engineering with Geosynthetics, Tata McGraw Hill,
New Delhi.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Das, B. M. (2002). Principles of Geotechnical Engineering
CENGAGE Learning, Fifth edition, 589 p.

U.S. Environmental protection Agency (1979), Design and

Construction for solid waste landfills, publication No. EPA-
600/2-79-165, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Encyclopedia of Environmental Control Technology,

Volume 9, Geotechnical Applications Leak Detection
Treatment Options, Paul N. Cheremisinoff, Editor, 1989.
Chapter 8: Preservation of the Environmental Pollution Using
Geosynthetic Waste Containment Systems by Prof. J. N.
Mandal, pp. 277-308, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston,
Texas, USA.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Geosynthetics Case Histories, editors: Raymond, G. P. and
Giroud, J.P., on behalf of ISSMFE TC9 on Geotextiles and
Geosynthetics, March 1993, 277 p. (Prof. J. N. Mandal is
one of the members of ISSMFE technical committee TC9 on
geotextiles and geosynthetics)

Geosynthetics Bibliography, volumes 1 and 2, Conferences

(1993), by J.P. Giroud with cooperation of J. F. Beech and
A. Khatami, Geosyntec Consultants, Published under the
auspices of the international geotextile society, by the
Industrial Fabrics Association International. (From India,
Prof. J.N. Mandal gave abundant quality information about
Indian geosynthetics literature.)
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Official Journals of the IGS:
Prof. R. J. Bathurst, ed. Geosynthetics International,
Thomas Telford Ltd. (Chair: Dr. J. P. Giroud)
Prof. R. Kerry Rowe., ed. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,
Elsevier Applied Science Publishers (Chair: Dr. J. P. Giroud)

Additional Readings: International/ National Journals,

Conferences etc. and any other books/ texts related on
Geosynthetics and other related products

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 Codes and Design Standards
ASTM Standards on Geosynthetics, USA, 1996, pp. 837-1147.
AASHTO (1997), Standard specifications for geotextiles-M 288,
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of
sampling and testing, 18th edition, American Association of state
transportation and highway officials, Washington, D.C., 1997.
BS.8006.1995 Code of practice for Strengthened/ reinforced soils and
other fills British Standards and Institution. U.K.
BS.8006-1. 2010 Code of practice for Strengthened/reinforced soils
and other fills British Standards and Institution. U.K.
Mechanically stabilized earth walls and reinforced soil slopes: Design
and construction guidelines (FHWA, 2001).
Design manual for segmental retaining walls, NCMA Design manual,
1996.
Segmental retaining walls seismic design manual, Dr. R. J. Bathurst.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Audience/ Target Group

This course will be very useful to

Undergraduate and post graduate students of civil
engineering.

Geosynthetic/ geotechnical/ textile/ polymer/ consulting/

practicing engineers/ government officials/ policy and decision
makers/ implementation/ NGOs.

Professors as well as specifiers, project designers,

distributors, contractors and manufacturers.

Pre-requisite: Viewers Knowledge of Basic Soil Mechanics

and Foundation Engineering/ Geotechnical Engineering.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Why do you need to study
GEOSYNTHETIC ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND
PRACTICE ?

Aim and objective:

To aim to be world-class Center of Excellence in innovative

design, analysis and failure of geosynthetic elements and
other related products for the benefit of the mankind around
the world.

Enhancing how elementary theoretical knowledge and

observation of engineering performance assist and inspire
creativity in the rational application of geosynthetic
engineering systems.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
In the past few years, the development of geosynthetic have
emerged an exciting engineering materials for massive
infrastructure applications in India and delivers high value
added solutions in the whole gamut of the following
Geosynthetics Engineering areas:

Geotechnical Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Geo environmental Engineering
Coastal/Hydraulics/Water Resources Engineering
Mining Engineering, and
Agricultural Engineering
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Look at these pictures

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 Geotechnical Engineering

Failure of keystone walls during the 1999 ChiChi

Earthquake, Taiwan
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Failure of Reinforced Soil wall (metallic strips) near Kolkata

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 Failure of Geogrid
Reinforced Soil Walls

Failure of Gabion wall

in Sahara Mumbai

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 Four reinforced tire, 40 m in height, All
slope height of max 80 m

Maximum reinforced zone Width of 13

m in the bottom tire and this decrease to
only 4 m in the top tire.

A major earthquake of magnitude 7.6

struck. During strong ground motions the
reinforced soil moves outwards and
down the toe slope.

Bottom 2 tires sliding horizontally

outward and down the toe slope (15m)
slumping into the void left behind

Reinforced Slope Failure during Chichi Earthquake

(September 21, 1999 ) (After Lawson-2002)
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Transportation Engineering

Unpaved Road (After G. V. Rao)

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 Pot hole/ Reflection cracking
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Water logging in road
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Slopes and Channels:

Channel erosion damage caused by inadequate filter

beneath hard armor
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Tunnel Rehabilitation
excessive leakage
can lead to instability

Water seepage through the SAN FIORANO, ITALY

Dam
(After Koerner, R. M., GSI/ GRI)
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
 Disaster Management - Flood

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 HIMALAYAN TSUNAMI

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 Failure of geotextile tube
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
The raging current The fury waves
River Ouveze, 1300 dead from
Europe, 1992 Hurricane David
15 m high wall (1979)
of water
38 dead

MIRAFI

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 GEO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Open Sanitary landfill, Okhla

(Photograph by J. N. Mandal)

Mumbai (Devanar) Landfill

(Courtesy Photograph by
B. S. Patil)

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 Mumbai (Mulund) Landfill
(Courtesy Photograph by
B. S. Patil)

Koerner, R. M. (GSI/ GRI)

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 Please let us hear from you

Any question?

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

 Prof. J. N. Mandal
Department of civil engineering, IIT Bombay,
Powai , Mumbai 400076, India.
Tel.022-25767328
email: cejnm@civil.iitb.ac.in

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay