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    Ch10 Solid State

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    Krish Veni
    This document provides an overview of nanostructures and materials with low-dimensional properties. It discusses topics like how nanoscience involves studying and manipulating materials at the nanoscale, where properties differ from larger scales. Measurement techniques for visualization at the nanoscale like electron microscopes and atomic force microscopy are presented. Various methods for fabricating nanostructures including carbon nanotubes and graphene are described. Emerging applications like organic LEDs, molecular electronics, and flexible or roll-to-roll manufactured displays are also summarized.

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    Ch10 Solid State

    Uploaded by

    Krish Veni
    37 views30 pages
    This document provides an overview of nanostructures and materials with low-dimensional properties. It discusses topics like how nanoscience involves studying and manipulating materials at the nanoscale, where properties differ from larger scales. Measurement techniques for visualization at the nanoscale like electron microscopes and atomic force microscopy are presented. Various methods for fabricating nanostructures including carbon nanotubes and graphene are described. Emerging applications like organic LEDs, molecular electronics, and flexible or roll-to-roll manufactured displays are also summarized.

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    This document provides an overview of nanostructures and materials with low-dimensional properties. It discusses topics like how nanoscience involves studying and manipulating materials at the nanoscale, where properties differ from larger scales. Measurement techniques for visualization at the nanoscale like electron microscopes and atomic force microscopy are presented. Various methods for fabricating nanostructures including carbon nanotubes and graphene are described. Emerging applications like organic LEDs, molecular electronics, and flexible or roll-to-roll manufactured displays are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views30 pages

    Ch10 Solid State

    Uploaded by

    Krish Veni
    This document provides an overview of nanostructures and materials with low-dimensional properties. It discusses topics like how nanoscience involves studying and manipulating materials at the nanoscale, where properties differ from larger scales. Measurement techniques for visualization at the nanoscale like electron microscopes and atomic force microscopy are presented. Various methods for fabricating nanostructures including carbon nanotubes and graphene are described. Emerging applications like organic LEDs, molecular electronics, and flexible or roll-to-roll manufactured displays are also summarized.

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    Chapter 10:

    Nanostructures and Solids with


    Low-Dimensional Properties

    Nanoscience: the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials


    at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scales, where properties differ
    significantly from those at larger scale.
    Nanotechnology: the production and application of structures, devices,
    and systems for controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale.

    1
    How big is a nanometer?

    2
    Using Light to See

    Using Electrons to See

    3
    Touching the surface

    Nanoparticle morphology

    www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v6/n9/fig_tab/nmat1957_F1.html

    4
    Electronic Structure

    Electronic Structure

    bulk quantum well

    quantum wire quantum dot

    5
    Electronic Structure

    Semiconducting nanotube

    Optical Properties

    6
    Larger nanoparticles
    have featureless
    absorptions
    resemble bulk solid

    Smallest
    nanoparticles
    resemble
    molecular
    absorptions

    Nanoparticles CdSe

    Nanogold

    7
    Optical properties
    Zinc oxide

    Magnetic properties

    Solid Dc (nm)
    Fe 14
    Co 70
    Ni 55
    Fe3O4 55

    8
    Physical Properties:
    Melting Point

    macroscale nanoscale
    Majority of atoms are: almost all inside the split between the
    object inside and the
    surface

    Changing an objects has minimal effect has a substantial


    size: on the % of atoms effect on the % of
    on the surface atoms on the surface

    The melting point: doesnt depend on is lower for smaller


    size particles

    9
    Fabrication Methods

    Self Assembly by Crystal Growth

    10
    Graphite

    Intercalation Compounds of Graphite

    CaC8
    KC8

    11
    chevroletvoltage.com

    Each Volts battery cell contains a


    carbon anode (the negative
    electrode), a manganese-based
    cathode (the positive electrode)
    and a safety reinforced separator,
    which provides the medium for the
    transfer of electrical charge ions
    between the anode and the cathode
    inside the battery cell.

    Buckminster Fullerene

    K3C60

    12
    Armchair nanotubes
    are metallic. Zig-zag
    and chiral nanotubes
    can be either metallic
    or semiconducting.

    zig-zag armchair chiral

    13
    Arc-discharge

    Laser Furnace

    14
    Chemical vapor deposition

    Hydrocarbon vapor passed through a tube furnace.


    SWNTs or MWNTs depends on size and temperature of catalyst (Fe, Ni
    with NH3).
    Low-temperature (600-900C) yields MWNTs, higher temperature (900-
    1200C) favors SWNTs.

    Carbon Nanotube Growth

    15
    Problems with CNT production
    Mixture of metallic and semiconducting
    Alignment and positioning

    A breakthrough?
    ST-cut single crystal quartz substrates
    ethanol/methanol as carbon source
    Cu nanoparticles as catalysts

    Results
    1.55 to 1.78 nm diameter SWNT
    95% semiconducting
    CNT aligned

    16
    Teflon Coated CNT Forest

    Spinning Carbon Nanotubes

    17
    Space Elevator

    Space Elevator Cable

    18
    Photolithography

    19
    Polyacetylene

    20
    Conducting polymers:
    Repeating units

    Bonding in Polyacetylene

    Peierls Theorem

    21
    Organic Polymer
    LED

    Metal

    Conjugated polymer

    ITO

    Glass

    22
    Organic LED

    Gao, F. G.; Bard, A. J. J. Am.


    Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 7426.

    www.mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/SlideShow/slides/oLED/oLEDspin_mov.html
    www.mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/SlideShow/slides/oLED/oLEDevap_mov.html

    23
    24
    OLED vs. LCD

    Advantages
    no backlight or polarizer
    wider viewing angle
    lower power consumption
    easier processing
    thinner and lighter
    faster response time

    Disadvantages
    lifetime and color stability
    newer technology

    OLED TV OLED MP3/Video Player


    Sony 11-inch OLED TV is 3 mm thick
    with a 1,000,000:1 contrast ratio.

    iriver Clix
    Cowon S9 16 GB Rhapsody
    OLED Phone

    Keyboard Extender

    Nokia 7500 Prism Tri-


    Band GSM Phone

    25
    Flexible OLED and Roll-to-Roll Manufactured OLEDs

    Molecular metals 1D

    molecular nanowires

    26
    Molecular metals 2D
    TMTSF BEDT-TTF

    -(BEDT-TTF)2I3

    Polymers and Ionic Conduction


    Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

    Li(s) Li+ (solv) + e- and xLi+(solv) + TiS2(s) + xe- LixTiS2(s)


    Overall: xLi(s) + TiS2(s) LixTiS2(s)

    27
    28
    29
    AFM Probe Tip
    600 nm deep trenches;
    250 nm wide

    mage using conventional tip

    30

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