BASIC PYTHON
By Emeka Echezona, Daniel Goodman, and
Scott Wang
what is coding?
IDLE
running
code
writing
code
Python 2 vs. Python 3
Python 2 Python 3
older newer
print Hello World! print(Hello World!)
3/2=1 3 / 2 = 1.5
3.0 / 2.0 = 1.5 3 // 2 = 1
http://sebastianraschka.com/Articles/2014_python_2_3_key_diff.html
Printing
print(What is your name)
print() #chinese
print(1)
print(2 + 2)
print(I am, 5, years old)
print(I am, 5, years old\n\n)
print()
Comments
#theyarenthashtags
Comments can be found in the program, and are ignored by the computer when it is run
They are generally written to explain how different parts of a program works
This is especially useful when working on collaborative works or even when youre working on
your own and need to take note of something
By using the pound symbol (#) you can create a single line comment
You can write a multiline comment by nesting it between a pair of three double quotation
marks ( )
Comments at work
print(9 ** 3) # In python two asterisks means were using exponents, so the answer is 729
print(8 + 3)
print(YOLO)
print(asdf)
# only two things will be printed: 729 and asdf
Input
input(What is your name)
input(What is your quest)
input(What is your favorite color)
Input
accepts data from the command line from the user
delays entire program until you hit return (or it detects a newline character \n)
returns the data
But how can you make this useful? How can you
grab that data and store it for later use?
Variables
WITH A VARIABLE!
But what is that?
Just like in math, a variable is a symbol (x, y, z, etc.) that stores a value (1, Hello, 3.14, True, etc.)
Unlike numbers and strings of text, variables arent limited to being a single value
They can change as your program progresses
Which is useful for many reasons
BUT WAIT!
Variables arent limited to being a single character!
A variable can be called: soup, dragon, first_name, phone_number_of_donald_trump, etc.
Here is an example of how you can use variables...
first_name = Daniel
C a s e
age = 17
ca mel
print(first_name, is, age, years old.)
BUT HOW DO YOU KNOW WHAT KIND OF THING YOUR VARIABLE IS?!
Data Types
BY LOOKING AT ITS DATA TYPE
By calling the type() function, and using a variable as one of the arguments, you can see its data type
There are quite a few data types in Python. Here are a few:
Booleans (True or False)
Numbers
Numbers can be integers (5, 3, 2), floats (1.34, 33.99999), or complex (3 + 5j)
You can convert a string that contains numerical characters only into a number using
the int() or float() functions
Strings (Hello world)
You can convert many other data types to strings with str()
Lists, dictionaries
Covered more later
x, y, z = False, 36, 40
a = int(y)
print(type(x), type(y), type(z), type(a))
>>> <class 'bool'> <class 'str'> <class 'int'><class 'int'>
If Statements
These let you run some code only if a condition evaluates to True
Their anatomy:
if conditional:
run code
The underlined words must be replaced
The conditional is a snippet of code that must evaluate to True
Things that evaluate to True:
5 == 5
True
5 >= 3.14
If Trees
x = int(input(Enter a number: ))
if x < 5:
print(Bad job)
elif x == 5:
print(Nice job!)
else: # Doesnt even need a conditional! Used as a catch-all.
print(Worst job)
Nested If Trees
why did we do this?
age = int(input(Enter your age: ))
finishedMiddle = input(Have you finished middle school? (y/n): )
if age < 14:
if finishedMiddle == y:
print(Liar!)
else:
print(Cool!)
elif age >= 14:
if finishedMiddle == n:
print(Liar!)
else:
print(Cool!)
Your Turn!
Make a Choose Your Own Adventure Game
The game must
Be HTHS related
Be school appropriate
Use concepts discussed today (print, input, variables, and if statements)
r O w n
e You
Choos
Adventure
