Designation: A307 07b

Standard Specification for

Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 1.6 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-

1.1 This specification2 covers the chemical and mechanical nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
requirements of three grades of carbon steel bolts and studs in
2. Referenced Documents
sizes 14 in. through 4 in. The fasteners are designated by
Grade denoting tensile strength and intended use, as follows: 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
Grade Description
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
A706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed
Grade A Bolts and studs having a and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
minimum tensile strength of
60 ksi and intended for gen-
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
eral applications, cal Analysis of Steel Products
Grade B Bolts and studs having a B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
tensile strength of 60 to 100
ksi and intended for flanged
posited on Iron and Steel
joints in piping systems with D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
cast iron flanges, and F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-
Grade C Replaced by Specification
F1554 Gr.36 erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
1.1.1 The term studs includes stud stock, sometimes re- F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
ferred to as threaded rod. chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
1.2 This specification does not cover requirements for F1554 Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and
machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical 105-ksi Yield Strength
expansion anchors or similar externally threaded fasteners. F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
1.3 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-
otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade of ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,
fastener, of all surface finishes, shall be as follows: Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
Fastener Grade and Size Nut Grade and StyleA 2.2 ASME Standards:
A 14 to 112 in. A, hex
A over 112 to 4 in. A, heavy hex B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads4
B, 14 to 4 in. A, heavy hex B 18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws4
A
Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Speci- B 18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System5
fication A563, Table 3) greater than the specified grade and style of nut are also
suitable. 3. Ordering Information
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1 Orders for externally threaded fasteners (including nuts
as the standard.
and accessories) under this specification shall include the
1.5 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is
following:
provided, which describes additional restrictions to be applied
3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
when bolts are to be welded. It shall apply only when specified
3.1.2 Name of product, bolts or studs; and bolt head style,
in the inquiry, order, and contract.
that is, hex or heavy hex,

1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
4
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A307 07a. DOI: Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/A0307-07B. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
2 5
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
cation SA-307 in Section II of that Code. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 A307 07b
3.1.3 Grade, that is, A, or B. If no grade is specified, Grade TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Grades A and B Bolts and
A is furnished. Studs
3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size including nuts), Heat Analysis Product Analysis
Carbon, max 0.29 0.33
3.1.5 Fastener size and length, Manganese, max 1.20 1.25
3.1.6 WashersQuantity and size (separate from bolts), Phosphorus, max 0.04 0.041
3.1.7 Zinc CoatingSpecify the zinc-coating process re- Sulfur, max
A
Grade A 0.15
quired, for example, hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no Grade B 0.05 0.051
preference (see 4.5). A
Resulfurized steel is not subject to rejection based on product analysis for
3.1.8 Other FinishesSpecify other protective finish, if sulfur.
required.
3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re-
quired, 5.4 Bolts and studs are customarily furnished from stock, in
3.1.10 Specify if certified test report is required (see 8.2), which case individual heats of steel cannot be identified.
and 5.5 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth, sele-
3.1.11 Specify additional testing (8.3) or special require- nium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall not
ments. be permitted for Grade B bolts and studs.
3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, see 5.6 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance
ASME B 18.24. with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.

4. Materials and Manufacture 6. Mechanical Properties

4.1 Steel for bolts and studs shall be made by the open- 6.1 Grades A and B bolts and studs shall conform to the
hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. hardness specified in Table 2.
4.2 Bolts shall be produced by hot or cold forging of the 6.2 Grade A and B bolts and studs 1 in. in diameter or less,
heads or machining from bar stock. other than those excepted in 6.4, shall be tested full size and
4.3 Heat Treatment: shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength specified
4.3.1 Cold headed fasteners with head configurations other in Table 3.
than hex shall be stress relief annealed. 6.3 Grade A and B bolts and studs larger than 1 in. in
4.3.2 Stress relieving of hex head fasteners shall be at the diameter, other than those excepted in 6.4, shall preferably be
manufacturers option. tested full size and when equipment of sufficient capacity is
4.4 Bolt and stud threads shall be rolled or cut. available and shall conform to the requirements for tensile
4.5 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited: strength specified in Table 3. When equipment of sufficient
4.5.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur- capacity for full-size bolt testing is not available, or when the
chaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, for example hot length of the bolt makes full-size testing impractical, machined
dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference. specimens shall be tested and shall conform to the require-
4.5.2 When hot-dip is specified, the fasteners shall be ments specified in Table 4.
zinc-coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the 6.4 Grades A and B bolts and studs less than three diameters
requirements of Specification F2329. in length or bolts with drilled or undersize heads are not subject
4.5.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasten- to tensile tests.
ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical-deposition process 6.5 In the event that bolts are tested by both full size and by
in accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of Specifica- machine test specimen methods, the full-size test shall govern
tion B695. if a controversy between the two methods exists.
4.5.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier may 6.6 For bolts and studs on which both hardness and tension
furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with tests are performed, acceptance based on tensile requirements
Specification F2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coating shall take precedence in the event that there is controversy over
in accordance with Specification B695, Class 55. Threaded low readings of hardness tests.
components (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the same
zinc-coating process and the suppliers option is limited to one
process per item with no mixed processes in a lot. TABLE 2 Hardness Requirements for Bolts and Studs

Grade Length, in. HardnessA

5. Chemical Composition
Brinell Rockwell B
5.1 Grade A and B bolts and studs shall have a heat analysis min max min max
conforming to the requirements specified in Table 1 based on
A Less than 3 3 diaB 121 241 69 100
the steel producers heat analysis. 3 3 dia and longer ... 241 ... 100
5.2 The purchaser shall have the option of conducting B Less than 3 3 diaB 121 212 69 95
3 3 dia and longer ... 212 ... 95
product analyses on finished bolts in each lot, which shall
A
conform to the product analysis specified in Table 1. As measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section.
B
Also bolts with drilled or undersize heads. These sizes and bolts with modified
5.3 In case of conflict or for referee purposes, the product heads shall meet the minimum and maximum hardness as hardness is the only
analysis shall take precedence. requirement.

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 A307 07b
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements for Full-Size Bolts and Studs diameter shall not exceed the Class 2A maximum limit by more
than the following amounts:
Bolt Threads Stress Tensile Strength, lbfB
Size, per inch Area,A Diameter, in. Oversize Limit, in. (mm)A
Grade Grade B
14 0.016
in. in.2
A, minC 516 , 38 0.017
minD maxD 716 , 12 0.018

14 20 0.0318 1 900 1 900 3 180 916 to 34 , incl 0.020

5 16 18 0.0524 3 100 3 100 5 240 7 8 0.022
3 8 16 0.0775 4 650 4 650 7 750 1.0 to 114 , incl 0.024
716 14 0.1063 6 350 6 350 10 630 1 3 8 , 1 1 2 0.027
134 to 4.0, incl 0.050

12 13 0.1419 8 500 8 500 14 190
A

9 16 12 0.182 11 000 11 000 18 200 These values are the same as the overtapping required for zinc-coated nuts in

58 11 0.226 13 550 13 550 22 600 Specification A563.
3 4 10 0.334 20 050 20 050 33 400 7.4 The gaging limit for bolts and studs shall be verified
7 8 9 0.462 27 700 27 700 46 200
during manufacture or use by assembly of a nut tapped as
1 8 0.606 36 350 36 350 60 600 nearly as practical to the amount oversize shown above. In case
1 1 8 7 0.763 45 800 45 800 76 300 of dispute, a calibrated thread ring gage of that same size
1 1 4 7 0.969 58 150 58 150 96 900
1 3 8 6 1.155 69 300 69 300 115 500
(Class X tolerance, gage tolerance plus) shall be used. Assem-
bly of the gage, or the nut described above, must be possible
1 1 2 6 1.405 84 300 84 300 140 500 with hand effort following application of light machine oil to
1 3 4 5 1.90 114 000 114 000 190 000
2 4 2.50 150 000 150 000 250 000
prevent galling and damage to the gage. These inspections,
2 1 4 4 3.25 195 000 195 000 325 000 when performed to resolve disputes, shall be performed at the
frequency and quality described in Table 5.
2 1 2 4 4.00 240 000 240 000 400 000
2 3 4 4 4.93 295 800 295 800 493 000
3 4 5.97 358 200 358 200 597 000 8. Number of Tests and Retests
3 1 4 4 7.10 426 000 426 000 710 000 8.1 The requirements of this specification shall be met in
3 1 2 4 8.33 499 800 499 800 833 000 continuous mass production for stock, and the manufacturer
3 3 4 4 9.66 579 600 579 600 966 000 shall make sample inspections to ensure that the product
4 4 11.08 664 800 664 800 1 108 000 conforms to the specified requirements. Additional tests of
A
Area calculated from the equation: individual shipments of material are not ordinarily contem-
As= 0.7854 [D (0.9743/n)]2
where:
plated. Individual heats of steel are not identified in the finished
As = stress area,
product.
D = nominal diameter of bolt, and 8.2 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall
n = threads per inch. furnish a test report certified to be the last completed set of
B
1 lbf = 4.448 N. mechanical tests for each stock size in each shipment.
C
Based on 60 ksi (414 MPa). 8.3 When additional tests are specified on the purchase
D
Based on 60100 ksi (414690 MPa).
order, a lot, for purposes of selecting test samples, shall consist
of all material offered for inspection at one time that has the
TABLE 4 Tensile Requirements for Machined Specimens
following common characteristics:
Grade A Grade B 8.3.1 One type of item,
Tensile strength, ksi 60 min 60100
8.3.2 One nominal size, and
Yield point, min ksi ... ... 8.3.3 One nominal length of bolts and studs.
Elongation in 2 in., 18 18 8.4 From each lot, the number of tests for each requirement
min, %
shall be as follows:
Number of Pieces in Lot Number of Samples
800 and under 1
801 to 8 000 2
7. Dimensions 8 001 to 22 000 3
Over 22 000 5
7.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads shall be the Coarse
Thread Series as specified in the latest issue of ASME B 1.1,
and shall have a Class 2A tolerance. TABLE 5 Sample Sizes and Acceptance Numbers for Inspection
7.2 Unless otherwise specified, Grade A bolts shall be hex of Hot-Dip or Mechanically Deposited Zinc-Coated Threads
bolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue of ASME
Lot Size Sample SizeA Acceptance Number
B 18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified, Grade B bolts shall be
2 to 90 13 1
heavy hex bolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue of 91 to 150 20 2
ASME B 18.2.1. 151 to 280 32 3
7.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts and studs to be used 281 to 500 50 5
501 to 1 200 80 7
with nuts or tapped holes which have been tapped oversize, in 1 201 to 3 200 125 10
accordance with Specification A563, shall have Class 2A 3 201 to 10 000 200 14
threads before hot-dip or mechanically deposited zinc coating. 10 001 and over 315 21
After zinc coating the maximum limit of pitch and major A
Inspect all bolts in the lot if the lot size is less than the sample size.

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 A307 07b
8.5 If any machined test specimen shows defective machin- 13. Product Marking
ing it shall be discarded and another specimen substituted. 13.1 Grades A and B Bolts and Studs:
8.6 Should any sample fail to meet the requirements of a
13.1.1 Bolt heads and one end of studs shall be marked with
specified test, double the number of samples from the same lot
a unique identifier by the manufacturer to identify the manu-
shall be tested, in which case all of the additional samples shall
facturer or private label distributor, as appropriate. Additional
meet the specification.
marking required by the manufacturer for his own use shall be
9. Test Methods at the option of the manufacturer.
9.1 Grades A and B bolts and studs shall be tested in 13.1.2 In addition to the requirements of 13.1, all bolt heads,
accordance with Test Methods F606. one end of studs " in. and larger, and whenever feasible studs
9.2 Standard square and hex head bolts only shall be tested less than " in. shall be marked with a grade marking as
by the wedge tension method except as noted in 6.4. Fracture follows:
shall be in the body or threads of the bolt without any fracture Grade Marking
A 307A
at the junction of the head and body. Other headed bolts shall B 307B
be tested by the axial tension method.
9.3 Speed of testing as determined with a free running 13.1.3 All markings shall be located on the top of the bolt
crosshead shall be a maximum of 1 in./min for the tensile head or stud end and shall be raised or depressed at the option
strength tests of bolts. of the manufacturer.

10. Inspection 14. Packaging and Package Marking

10.1 If the inspection described in 10.2 is required by the 14.1 Packaging:
purchaser it shall be specified in the inquiry, order, or contract. 14.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be in
10.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have accordance with Practice D3951.
free entry to all parts of the manufacturers works that concern
14.1.2 When special packaging requirements are required,
the manufacture of the material ordered. The manufacturer
they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.
shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him
that the material is being furnished in accordance with this 14.2 Package Marking:
specification. All tests and inspections required by the specifi- 14.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly marked
cation that are requested by the purchasers representative shall with the following information:
be made before shipment, and shall be conducted as not to 14.2.1.1 ASTM designation and grade,
interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. 14.2.1.2 Size,
14.2.1.3 Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer,
11. Responsibility
14.2.1.4 Number of pieces,
11.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be the 14.2.1.5 Purchase order number,
organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser.
14.2.1.6 Country of origin.
12. Rejection and Rehearing
12.1 Disposition of nonconforming lots shall be in accor- 15. Keywords
dance with Guide F1470, specifically sections on disposition of 15.1 bolts; carbon steel; steel; studs
nonconforming lots, suppliers option, and purchasers option.

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirement shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or
contract:

S1. Bolts Suitable for Welding S1.3 All of the requirements of this supplemental section
S1.1 The material described in this section is intended for apply in addition to all of the chemical, mechanical, and other
welding. This supplemental section, by additional chemical requirements of the base specification, Specification A307 for
composition restrictions and by a carbon equivalent formula, Grade B.
provides assurance of weldability by chemical composition S1.4 Because of the embrittling effects of welding tempera-
control. tures on cold-forged steel, this supplemental section is limited
S1.2 Welding technique is of fundamental importance when to hot-forged bolts, or, if not forged, then to bolts produced
bolts produced to this supplementary section are welded. It is from hot-rolled bars without forging or threaded bars, bars
presupposed that suitable welding procedures for the steel studs, or stud bolts produced from hot-rolled bars without
being welded and the intended service will be selected. forging. Cold-forged bolts, or cold-drawn threaded bars, if they

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 A307 07b
are given a thermal treatment by heating to a temperature of not S1.6 Analysis ReportsIf requested on the order or con-
less than 1500F (815C) and air-cooled are also suitable. tract, the chemical composition of each heat of steel used and
S1.5 Chemical Requirements: the calculated carbon equivalent for each heat shall be reported
S1.5.1 Heat Chemical AnalysisMaterial conforming to to the purchaser.
the following additional analysis limitations shall be used to S1.7 Product (Check) Verification AnalysisChemical
manufacture the product described in this supplementary analyses when made by the purchaser or a representative on
requirement. bolts from each heat of steel, shall not exceed the values
Carbon 0.30 %, max
Manganese 1.00 %, max
specified in S1.5.2 by more than the following amounts:
Phosphorus 0.04 %, max %
Sulfur 0.05 %, max Carbon +0.03
Silicon 0.50 %, max Manganese +0.06
Phosphorus +0.008
S1.5.2 Carbon Equivalent (SourceSpecification A706/ Sulfur +0.008
A706M)In addition to the heat chemical analysis require- Silicon +0.05
ments in S1.5.1, the heat analysis shall be such as to provide a
carbon equivalent (CE) not exceeding 0.55 when calculated as S2. Permanent Manufacturers Identification
follows: S2.1 Replaced by Specification F1554.
CE = % C +
% Mn % Cu % Ni % Cr % Mo % V S3. Permanent Grade Identification
6 1 40 1 20 1 10 2 50 2 10
S3.1 Replaced by Specification F1554.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A30707a)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2007.)

(1) Sections 4.5.3 and 4.5.4 were revised.

Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A30707)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2007.)

(1) Changed the reference hot dip zinc coating specification

from Specification A153/A153Mto Gr. C to Specification
F2329.

Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A30704)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 15, 2007.)

(1) Revised 1.1 Gr. C anchor bolts, and all related sections, to F1554 Gr. 36.
delete anchor bolts and replaced with reference to Specification

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