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    Wastewater Treatment

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    Giancarlo Santos
    Wastewater treatment involves multiple stages to remove solids, reduce organic matter, and restore oxygen levels. It includes preliminary treatment to remove large solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove solids, secondary treatment using biological processes to reduce organic matter, and tertiary treatment using additional processes like filtration to further clean the water. Sludge produced during treatment is processed using thickening, stabilization, dewatering and final disposal. The goal is to produce clean water that can be safely returned to the environment and stabilize sludge for disposal.

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    Wastewater Treatment

    Uploaded by

    Giancarlo Santos
    279 views44 pages
    Wastewater treatment involves multiple stages to remove solids, reduce organic matter, and restore oxygen levels. It includes preliminary treatment to remove large solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove solids, secondary treatment using biological processes to reduce organic matter, and tertiary treatment using additional processes like filtration to further clean the water. Sludge produced during treatment is processed using thickening, stabilization, dewatering and final disposal. The goal is to produce clean water that can be safely returned to the environment and stabilize sludge for disposal.

    Original Description:

    5. Wastewater Treatment

    Original Title

    5. Wastewater Treatment

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    Wastewater treatment involves multiple stages to remove solids, reduce organic matter, and restore oxygen levels. It includes preliminary treatment to remove large solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove solids, secondary treatment using biological processes to reduce organic matter, and tertiary treatment using additional processes like filtration to further clean the water. Sludge produced during treatment is processed using thickening, stabilization, dewatering and final disposal. The goal is to produce clean water that can be safely returned to the environment and stabilize sludge for disposal.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    279 views44 pages

    Wastewater Treatment

    Uploaded by

    Giancarlo Santos
    Wastewater treatment involves multiple stages to remove solids, reduce organic matter, and restore oxygen levels. It includes preliminary treatment to remove large solids, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove solids, secondary treatment using biological processes to reduce organic matter, and tertiary treatment using additional processes like filtration to further clean the water. Sludge produced during treatment is processed using thickening, stabilization, dewatering and final disposal. The goal is to produce clean water that can be safely returned to the environment and stabilize sludge for disposal.

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    WASTEWATER

    TREATMENT
    Why Treat Wastewater?
    Fisheries
    Clean water is critical to plants and animals
    that live in water
    Wildlife Habitats
    Rivers and ocean waters are critical habitats
    of species of fish and other aquatic life.
    Migratory birds use the areas for resting and
    feeding
    Recreation and Quality of Life

    Health Concerns
    Goals for Treating Wastewater

    Remove solids

    Reduce organic matter and

    Restore oxygen
    Wastewater Treatment
    On-site
    Treat wastewater at the location where it is
    generated

    Off-site
    Treat wastewater at a central location where
    many sources are combined
    Wastewater Treatment Processes

    Preliminary
    Primary
    Secondary
    Advanced or Tertiary
    Sludge Treatment
    Wastewater Treatment Stages

    PRELIMINARY

    PRIMARY Primary Sludge


    SLUDGE
    TREATMENT
    SECONDARY Secondary Sludge

    TERTIARY
    Preliminary
    Treatment
    Preliminary Treatment
    Objective :
    Smooth out fluctuations in flow rate and
    concentration to provide more consistent
    treatment

    Removal of large solids that could damage


    equipment
    Preliminary Treatment
    Done by storing excess
    wastewater during high flow
    periods
    Wastewater is released
    during low flow periods
    Results in more consistent
    treatment
    Preliminary Treatment
    Removal of Large Solids / Oil

    Rotating
    Drum Screen Bar screens Grinder

    Grit Removal Oil Skimmer


    Primary Treatment
    Primary Sedimentation
    Objective
    Remove suspended solids
    Organic solids also contain BOD
    Typically, remove 70% of incoming solids,
    30% of BOD
    Done in tanks called clarifiers

    An empty primary An active primary


    clarifier tank clarifier tank
    Secondary
    Treatment
    Secondary Treatment Approaches

    Fixed film
    Trickling Filters
    Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC)

    Suspended film
    Activated Sludge Process
    Oxidation Ditch

    Lagoon systems.
    Wetlands
    Trickling Filters
    Trickling Filters
    Trickling Filters
    Rotating Biological Contactors
    RBCs constructed of plastic media on a long
    shaft
    Media is submerged in a tank
    Shaft rotates media through water
    Bacteria grow on media, degrade BOD in
    water
    Bacteria get air by exposure to atmosphere
    Rotating Biological Contactors
    Bacteria eventually die, fall off media
    surface
    Dead bacteria and other solids are
    removed in the secondary clarifier
    Media up to 12 feet in diameter
    Shafts are as long as 25 feet
    Media areas are up to 180,000 square feet
    per shaft
    Rotating Biological Contactors
    Suspended Cell Systems

    Activated
    Sludge Process
    Oxidation Ditch
    Oxidation Ditch

    Sewage entering oxidation ditch


    Lagoon System
    Wetlands
    Tertiary Treatment:
    Advanced Water
    Treatment
    Tertiary Treatment
    Objectives:
    Remove heavy metals
    Control taste and odor
    Remove inorganic constituents using
    non-conventional processes
    Remove organics
    Air Stripping
    Air is circulated through wastewater
    Used to remove
    Ammonia (requires increasing pH above 10)
    Volatile organics (practical for relatively
    insoluble volatile compounds)

    Air emissions may be regulated in some


    localities
    Carbon Adsorption
    Removal of:
    Organics
    Phenol
    Benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX)
    Pesticides, etc.
    Heavy metals (Pb, Hg)

    Pollutants adsorb onto surface of carbon


    particles
    Membrane Processes
    Reverse Osmosis
    Electrodialysis
    An electrically driven membrane
    separation process.
    Based on the property of ion
    exchange membranes to selectively
    reject anions or cations
    Can remove salts from food, dairy,
    and other products, waste streams
    and other solutions, as well as
    concentrate salts, acids or bases
    Electrodialysis
    Electrodialysis
    Sludge
    Management
    Goals of Sludge Management
    Stabilize primary and secondary sludge
    Kill pathogens
    Decrease water content
    Untreated: 0.5 to 8 % solids
    Treated: 6 to 12% solids
    Sludge Processing
    Thickening

    Stabilization
    Disinfection

    Dewatering
    Final Disposal
    Thickening
    Objective: Remove water before
    stabilization, decrease volume
    Processes:
    Gravity thickening (same equipment as
    sedimentation, but smaller)
    Dissolved air flotation
    Centrifuge
    Sludge Dewatering
    Drying Bed
    Stabilization
    Objective: Anaerobic Digestion
    Kill pathogens,
    eliminate odors,
    stabilize organics,
    and concentrate
    solids

    Sludge CH4 + CO2 + H2O + stable solids


    Sludge Digetion

    Conventional process High Rate Sludge Digestion


    Sludge waiting to be picked up

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