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LM231, LM331
SNOSBI2C JUNE 1999 REVISED SEPTEMBER 2015

LMx31x Precision Voltage-to-Frequency Converters

1 Features 3 Description

1 Ensured Linearity 0.01% Maximum The LMx31 family of voltage-to-frequency converters

are ideally suited for use in simple low-cost circuits
Improved Performance in Existing Voltage-to- for analog-to-digital conversion, precision frequency-
Frequency Conversion Applications to-voltage conversion, long-term integration, linear
Split or Single-Supply Operation frequency modulation or demodulation, and many
Operates on Single 5-V Supply other functions. The output when used as a voltage-
to-frequency converter is a pulse train at a frequency
Pulse Output Compatible With All Logic Forms
precisely proportional to the applied input voltage.
Excellent Temperature Stability: 50 ppm/C Thus, it provides all the inherent advantages of the
Maximum voltage-to-frequency conversion techniques, and is
Low Power Consumption: 15 mW Typical at 5 V easy to apply in all standard voltage-to-frequency
converter applications.
Wide Dynamic Range, 100 dB Minimum at 10-kHz
Full Scale Frequency Device Information(1)
Wide Range of Full Scale Frequency: PART NUMBER PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM)
1 Hz to 100 kHz LM231
PDIP (8) 9.81 mm 6.35 mm
Low-Cost LM331
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
2 Applications the end of the data sheet.
Voltage to Frequency Conversions
Frequency to Voltage Conversions
Remote-Sensor Monitoring
Tachometers
Schematic Diagram

An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
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Table of Contents
1 Features .................................................................. 1 8.3 Feature Description................................................. 10
2 Applications ........................................................... 1 8.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 10
3 Description ............................................................. 1 9 Application and Implementation ........................ 11
4 Revision History..................................................... 2 9.1 Application Information............................................ 11
9.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 12
5 Description continued ........................................... 3
9.3 System Examples .................................................. 15
6 Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... 4
10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 18
7 Specifications......................................................... 4
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 4 11 Layout................................................................... 18
11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 18
7.2 ESD Ratings.............................................................. 4
11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 18
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 5
7.4 Thermal Information .................................................. 5 12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 19
7.5 Electrical Characteristics........................................... 5 12.1 Related Links ........................................................ 19
7.6 Dissipation Ratings ................................................... 6 12.2 Community Resources.......................................... 19
7.7 Typical Characteristics .............................................. 7 12.3 Trademarks ........................................................... 19
12.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ 19
8 Detailed Description .............................................. 9
12.5 Glossary ................................................................ 19
8.1 Overview ................................................................... 9
8.2 Functional Block Diagram ......................................... 9 13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 19

4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.

Changes from Revision B (March 2013) to Revision C Page

Added Pin Configuration and Functions section, ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional
Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device
and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section .............................. 1

Changes from Revision A (March 2013) to Revision B Page

Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ............................................................................................................. 1

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5 Description continued
Further, the LMx31A attain a new high level of accuracy versus temperature which could only be attained with
expensive voltage-to-frequency modules. Additionally the LMx31 are ideally suited for use in digital systems at
low power supply voltages and can provide low-cost analog-to-digital conversion in microprocessor-controlled
systems. And, the frequency from a battery-powered voltage-to-frequency converter can be easily channeled
through a simple photo isolator to provide isolation against high common-mode levels.
The LMx31 uses a new temperature-compensated band-gap reference circuit, to provide excellent accuracy over
the full operating temperature range, at power supplies as low as 4 V. The precision timer circuit has low bias
currents without degrading the quick response necessary for 100-kHz voltage-to-frequency conversion. And the
output are capable of driving 3 TTL loads, or a high-voltage output up to 40 V, yet is short-circuit-proof against
VCC.

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6 Pin Configuration and Functions

P Package
8-Pin PDIP
Top View

Pin Functions
PIN
I/O DESCRIPTION
NAME NO.
IOUT 1 O Current Output
IREF 2 I Reference Current
FOUT 3 O Frequency Output. This output is an open-collector output and requires a pullup resistor.
GND 4 G Ground
RC 5 I R-C filter input
THRESH 6 I Threshold input
COMPIN 7 I Comparator Input
VS 8 P Supply Voltage

7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) (3)
MIN MAX UNIT
Supply Voltage, VS 40 V
Output Short Circuit to Ground Continuous
Output Short Circuit to VCC Continuous
Input Voltage 0.2 +VS V
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) PDIP 260 C

(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) All voltages are measured with respect to GND = 0 V, unless otherwise noted.
(3) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the TI Sales Office/Distributors for availability and specifications.

7.2 ESD Ratings

VALUE UNIT
V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) (2) 500 V

(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
(2) Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5-k resistor.

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7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions

MIN MAX UNIT
Operating Ambient LM231, LM231A 25 85 C
Temperature LM331, LM331A 0 70 C
Supply Voltage, VS (1) 4 40 V

(1) All voltages are measured with respect to GND = 0 V, unless otherwise noted.

7.4 Thermal Information

LM312, LM331
THERMAL METRIC (1) P (PDIP) UNIT
8 PINS
RJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 100 C/W

(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report, SPRA953.

7.5 Electrical Characteristics

All specifications apply in the circuit of Figure 16, with 4.0 V VS 40 V, TA = 25C, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
% Full-
4.5 V VS 20 V 0.003 0.01
(1)
Scale
VFC Non-Linearity
% Full-
TMIN TA TMAX 0.006 0.02
Scale
%Full-
VFC Non-Linearity in Circuit of Figure 14 VS = 15 V, f = 10 Hz to 11 kHz 0.024 0.14
Scale
Conversion Accuracy LM231, LM231A VIN = 10 V, RS = 14 k 0.95 1 1.05 kHz/V
Scale Factor (Gain) LM331, LM331A 0.9 1 1.1 kHz/V
TMIN TA TMAX
Temperature Stability LMx31 30 150 ppm/C
4.5 V VS 20 V
of Gain
LMx31A 20 50 ppm/C
4.5 V VS 10 V 0.01 0.1 %/V
Change of Gain with VS
10 V VS 40 V 0.006 0.06 %/V
Rated Full-Scale Frequency VIN = 10 V 10.0 kHz
% Full-
Gain Stability vs. Time (1000 Hours) TMIN TA TMAX 0.02
Scale
Over Range (Beyond Full-Scale) Frequency VIN = 11 V 10%
INPUT COMPARATOR
Offset Voltage 3 10 mV
LM231/LM331 TMIN TA TMAX 4 14 mV
LM231A/LM331A TMIN TA TMAX 3 10 mV
Bias Current 80 300 nA
Offset Current 8 100 nA
Common-Mode Range TMIN TA TMAX 0.2 VCC 2 V
TIMER
Timer Threshold Voltage, Pin 5 0.63 VS 0.667 VS 0.7 VS
Input Bias Current, Pin 5 VS = 15 V
All Devices 0V VPIN 5 9.9 V 10 100 nA
LM231/LM331 VPIN 5 = 10 V 200 1000 nA
LM231A/LM331A VPIN 5 = 10 V 200 500 nA
VSAT PIN 5 (Reset) I = 5 mA 0.22 0.5 V

(1) Non-linearity is defined as the deviation of fOUT from VIN (10 kHz/10 VDC) when the circuit has been trimmed for zero error at 10 Hz
and at 10 kHz, over the frequency range 1 Hz to 11 kHz. For the timing capacitor, CT, use NPO ceramic, Teflon, or polystyrene.

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Electrical Characteristics (continued)

All specifications apply in the circuit of Figure 16, with 4.0 V VS 40 V, TA = 25C, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
CURRENT SOURCE (PIN 1)
LM231, LM231A RS = 14 k, VPIN 1 = 0 126 135 144 A
Output Current
LM331, LM331A 116 136 156 A
Change with Voltage 0V VPIN 1 10 V 0.2 1 A
LM231, LM231A,
Current Source OFF 0.02 10 nA
LM331, LM331A
Leakage
All Devices TA = TMAX 2 50 nA
Operating Range of Current (Typical) (10 to 500) A
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (PIN 2)
LM231, LM231A 1.76 1.89 2.02 VDC
LM331, LM331A 1.7 1.89 2.08 VDC
Stability vs. Temperature 60 ppm/C
Stability vs. Time, 1000 Hours 0.1%
LOGIC OUTPUT (PIN 3)
I = 5 mA 0.15 0.5 V
VSAT I = 3.2 mA (2 TTL Loads),
0.1 0.4 V
TMIN TA TMAX
OFF Leakage 0.05 1 A
SUPPLY CURRENT
VS = 5 V 2 3 4 mA
LM231, LM231A
VS = 40 V 2.5 4 6 mA
VS = 5 V 1.5 3 6 mA
LM331, LM331A
VS = 40 V 2 4 8 mA

7.6 Dissipation Ratings

VALUE UNIT
Package Dissipation at 25C (1) 1.25 W

(1) The absolute maximum junction temperature (TJmax) for this device is 150C. The maximum allowable power dissipation is dictated by
TJmax, the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (JA), and the ambient temperature TA, and can be calculated using the formula
PDmax = (TJmax - TA) / JA. The values for maximum power dissipation will be reached only when the device is operated in a severe
fault condition (e.g., when input or output pins are driven beyond the power supply voltages, or the power supply polarity is reversed).
Obviously, such conditions should always be avoided.

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7.7 Typical Characteristics

(All electrical characteristics apply for the circuit of Figure 16, unless otherwise noted.)

Figure 1. Non-Linearity Error as Precision V-to-F Converter Figure 2. Non-Linearity Error

(Figure 16)

Figure 3. Non-Linearity Error vs. Power Supply Voltage Figure 4. Frequency vs. Temperature

Figure 5. VREF vs. Temperature Figure 6. Output Frequency vs. VSUPPLY

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Typical Characteristics (continued)

(All electrical characteristics apply for the circuit of Figure 16, unless otherwise noted.)

Figure 7. 100 kHz Non-Linearity Error (Figure 17) Figure 8. Non-Linearity Error (Figure 14)

Figure 9. Input Current (Pins 6,7) vs. Temperature Figure 10. Power Drain vs. VSUPPLY

Figure 11. Output Saturation Voltage vs. IOUT (Pin 3) Figure 12. Non-Linearity Error, Precision F-to-V Converter
(Figure 19)

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8 Detailed Description

8.1 Overview
8.1.1 Detail of Operation, Functional Block Diagram
The Functional Block Diagram shows a band gap reference which provides a stable 1.9-VDC output. This 1.9 VDC
is well regulated over a VS range of 3.9 V to 40 V. It also has a flat, low temperature coefficient, and typically
changes less than % over a 100C temperature change.
The current pump circuit forces the voltage at pin 2 to be at 1.9 V, and causes a current i = 1.90 V/RS to flow.
For RS=14 k, i=135 A. The precision current reflector provides a current equal to i to the current switch. The
current switch switches the current to pin 1 or to ground, depending upon the state of the R-S flip-flop.
The timing function consists of an R-S flip-flop and a timer comparator connected to the external RtCt network.
When the input comparator detects a voltage at pin 7 higher than pin 6, it sets the R-S flip-flop which turns ON
the current switch and the output driver transistor. When the voltage at pin 5 rises to VCC, the timer comparator
causes the R-S flip-flop to reset. The reset transistor is then turned ON and the current switch is turned OFF.
However, if the input comparator still detects the voltage on pin 7 as higher than pin 6 when pin 5 crosses
VCC, the flip-flop will not be reset, and the current at pin 1 will continue to flow, trying to make the voltage at pin 6
higher than pin 7. This condition will usually apply under start-up conditions or in the case of an overload voltage
at signal input. During this sort of overload the output frequency will be 0. As soon as the signal is restored to the
working range, the output frequency will be resumed.

8.2 Functional Block Diagram

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8.3 Feature Description

The LMx31 operate over a wide voltage range of 4 V to 40 V.
The voltage at pin 2 is regulated at 1.90 VDC for all values of i between 10 A to 500 A. It can be used as a
voltage reference for other components, but take care to ensure that current is not taken from it which could
reduce the accuracy of the converter.

8.4 Device Functional Modes

The output driver transistor acts to saturate pin 3 with an ON resistance of about 50 . In case of overvoltage,
the output current is actively limited to less than 50 mA.
If the voltage on pin 7 is higher than pin 6 when pin 5 crosses VCC, the LMx31 internal flip-flop will not be
reset, and the current at pin 1 will continue to flow, trying to make the voltage at pin 6 higher than pin 7. This
condition will usually apply under start-up conditions or in the case of an overload voltage at signal input. During
this sort of overload the output frequency will be 0. As soon as the signal is restored to the working range, the
output frequency will be resumed.

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9 Application and Implementation

NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TIs customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

9.1 Application Information

9.1.1 Simplified Voltage-to-Frequency Converter
The operation of these blocks is best understood by going through the operating cycle of the basic V-to-F
converter, Figure 13, which consists of the simplified block diagram of the LMx31 and the various resistors and
capacitors connected to it.
The voltage comparator compares a positive input voltage, V1, at pin 7 to the voltage, Vx, at pin 6. If V1 is
greater, the comparator will trigger the 1-shot timer. The output of the timer will turn ON both the frequency
output transistor and the switched current source for a period t = 1.1 RtCt. During this period, the current i will
flow out of the switched current source and provide a fixed amount of charge, Q = i t, into the capacitor, CL.
This will normally charge Vx up to a higher level than V1. At the end of the timing period, the current i will turn
OFF, and the timer will reset itself.
Now there is no current flowing from pin 1, and the capacitor CL will be gradually discharged by RL until Vx falls
to the level of V1. Then the comparator will trigger the timer and start another cycle.
The current flowing into CL is exactly IAVE = i (1.1RtCt) f, and the current flowing out of CL is exactly Vx/RL
VIN/RL. If VIN is doubled, the frequency will double to maintain this balance. Even a simple V-to-F converter can
provide a frequency precisely proportional to its input voltage over a wide range of frequencies.

9.1.2 Principles of Operation

The LMx31 are monolithic circuits designed for accuracy and versatile operation when applied as voltage-to-
frequency (V-to-F) converters or as frequency-to-voltage (F-to-V) converters. A simplified block diagram of the
LMx31 is shown in Figure 13 and consists of a switched current source, input comparator, and 1-shot timer.

Figure 13. Simplified Block Diagram of Stand-Alone

Voltage-to-Frequency Converter and
External Components

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9.2 Typical Applications

9.2.1 Basic Voltage-to-Frequency Converter
The simple stand-alone V-to-F converter shown in Figure 14 includes all the basic circuitry of Figure 13 plus a
few components for improved performance.

*Use stable components with low temperature coefficients. See Application Information.
**0.1 F or 1 F, See Typical Applications.

Figure 14. Simple Stand-Alone V-to-F Converter

with 0.03% Typical Linearity (f = 10 Hz to 11 kHz)

9.2.1.1 Design Requirements

For this example, the system requirements are 0.05% linearity over an output frequency range of 10 Hz to 4 kHz
with an input voltage range of 25 mV to 12.5 V. The available supply voltage is 15.0 V.

9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure

A capacitor CIN is added from pin 7 to ground to act as a filter for VIN, use of a 0.1 F is appropriate for this
application. A value of 0.01 F to 0.1 F will be adequate in most cases; however, in cases where better filtering
is required, a 1-F capacitor can be used. When the RC time constants are matched at pin 6 and pin 7, a voltage
step at VIN will cause a step change in fOUT. If CIN is much less than CL, a step at VIN may cause fOUT to stop
momentarily.
Next, we cancel the comparator bias current by setting RIN to 100 k to match RL. This will help to minimize any
frequency offset.
For best results, all the components should be stable low-temperature-coefficient components, such as metal-film
resistors. The capacitor should have low dielectric absorption; depending on the temperature characteristics
desired, NPO ceramic, polystyrene, Teflon or polypropylene are best suited.
The resistance RS at pin 2 is made up of a 12-k fixed resistor plus a 5-k (cermet, preferably) gain adjust
rheostat. The function of this adjustment is to trim out the gain tolerance of the LMx31, and the tolerance of Rt,
RL and Ct.

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Typical Applications (continued)

A 47- resistor in series with the 1-F capacitor (CL) provides hysteresis, which helps the input comparator
provide the excellent linearity.
This results in the transfer function of OUT = (VIN / 2.09 V) (RS / RL) (1 / RtCt).

9.2.1.3 Application Curve

Figure 15. Output Non-Linearity Error vs. Frequency

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Typical Applications (continued)

9.2.2 Precision V-To-F Converter
In this circuit, integration is performed by using a conventional operational amplifier and feedback capacitor, CF.
When the integrator's output crosses the nominal threshold level at pin 6 of the LMx31, the timing cycle is
initiated.
The average current fed into the summing point of the op-amp (pin 2) is i (1.1 RtCt) f which is perfectly
balanced with VIN/RIN. In this circuit, the voltage offset of the LMx31 input comparator does not affect the offset
or accuracy of the V-to-F converter as it does in the stand-alone V-to-F converter; nor does the LM231/331 bias
current or offset current. Instead, the offset voltage and offset current of the operational amplifier are the only
limits on how small the signal can be accurately converted. Since op-amps with voltage offset well below 1 mV
and offset currents well below 2 nA are available at low cost, this circuit is recommended for best accuracy for
small signals. This circuit also responds immediately to any change of input signal (which a stand-alone circuit
does not) so that the output frequency will be an accurate representation of VIN, as quickly as the spacing of the
2 output pulses can be measured.
In the precision mode, excellent linearity is obtained because the current source (pin 1) is always at ground
potential and that voltage does not vary with VIN or fOUT. (In the stand-alone V-to-F converter, a major cause of
non-linearity is the output impedance at pin 1 which causes i to change as a function of VIN).
The circuit of Figure 17 operates in the same way as Figure 16, but with the necessary changes for high-speed
operation.

*Use stable components with low temperature coefficients.

**This resistor can be 5 k or 10 k for VS = 8 V to 22 V, but must be 10 k for VS = 4.5 V to 8 V.
***Use low offset voltage and low offset current op-amps for A1: recommended type LF411A

Figure 16. Standard Test Circuit and Applications Circuit, Precision Voltage-to-Frequency Converter

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9.3 System Examples

9.3.1 F-to-V Converters

In these applications, a pulse input at fIN is differentiated by a C-R network and the negative-going edge at pin 6
causes the input comparator to trigger the timer circuit. Just as with a V-to-F converter, the average current
flowing out of pin 1 is IAVERAGE = i (1.1 RtCt) f.
In the simple circuit of Figure 18, this current is filtered in the network RL = 100 k and 1 F. The ripple will be
less than 10-mV peak, but the response will be slow, with a 0.1 second time constant, and settling of 0.7 second
to 0.1% accuracy.
In the precision circuit, an operational amplifier provides a buffered output and also acts as a 2-pole filter. The
ripple will be less than 5-mV peak for all frequencies above 1 kHz, and the response time will be much quicker
than in Figure 18. However, for input frequencies below 200 Hz, this circuit will have worse ripple than Figure 18.
The engineering of the filter time-constants to get adequate response and small enough ripple simply requires a
study of the compromises to be made. Inherently, V-to-F converter response can be fast, but F-to-V response
can not.

10 kHz Full-Scale, 0.06% Non-Linearity

*Use stable components with low temperature coefficients.

100 kHz Full-Scale, 0.03% Non-Linearity

*Use stable components with low temperature coefficients.
**This resistor can be 5 k or 10 k for VS=8V to 22V, but must be
10 k for VS=4.5V to 8V.
***Use low offset voltage and low offset current op-amps for A1:
recommended types LF411A or LF356.
Figure 17. Precision Voltage-to-Frequency Figure 18. Simple Frequency-to-Voltage Converter
Converter

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System Examples (continued)

*L14F-1, L14G-1 or L14H-1, photo transistor (General Electric Co.)

or similar

10 kHz Full-Scale With 2-Pole Filter, 0.01% Non-Linearity

Maximum
*Use stable components with low temperature coefficients.
Figure 19. Precision Frequency-to-Voltage Figure 20. Light Intensity to Frequency Converter
Converter,

Figure 21. Temperature to Frequency Converter Figure 22. Long-Term Digital Integrator Using VFC

Figure 23. Basic Analog-to-Digital Converter Using Figure 24. Analog-to-Digital Converter With
Voltage-to-Frequency Converter Microprocessor

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System Examples (continued)

Figure 25. Remote Voltage-to-Frequency Converter Figure 26. Voltage-to-Frequency Converter With
With 2-Wire Transmitter and Receiver Square-Wave Output Using 2 Flip-Flop

Figure 27. Voltage-to-Frequency Converter With Figure 28. Voltage-to-Frequency Converter With
Isolators Isolators

Figure 29. Voltage-to-Frequency Converter With Figure 30. Voltage-to-Frequency Converter With
Isolators Isolators

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10 Power Supply Recommendations

The LMx31 can operate over a wide supply voltage range of 4 V to 40 V. For proper operation, the supply pin
should be bypassing to ground with a low-ESR, 1-F capacitor. It is acceptable to use X7R capacitors for this.
For systems using higher supply voltages, ensure that the voltage rating for the bypass caps is sufficient.

11 Layout

11.1 Layout Guidelines

Bypass capacitors must be placed as close as possible to the supply pin. As the LM331 is a through-hole device,
it is acceptable to place the bypass capacitor on the bottom layer.
If an input capacitor to ground is used to clean the input signal, the capacitor should be placed close to the
supply pin.
Use of a ground plane is recommended to provide a low-impedance ground across the circuit.

11.2 Layout Example

GND

2
GND
1 8
COMP-OUT VS
C
O
M
P-
O
U 1
2 T 7 VINF
IREF VINF

3 6
FOUT COMP-OUT

1 2
COMP-OUT LOAD
4 5
GND RC_TIME

1
RC_TIME

2
GND

Figure 31. Layout Example

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12 Device and Documentation Support

12.1 Related Links

The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community
resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy.

Table 1. Related Links

TECHNICAL TOOLS & SUPPORT &
PARTS PRODUCT FOLDER SAMPLE & BUY
DOCUMENTS SOFTWARE COMMUNITY
LM231 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here
LM331 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here

12.2 Community Resources

The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.

12.3 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
Teflon is a registered trademark of E.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.

12.5 Glossary
SLYZ022 TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.

13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.

Copyright 19992015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 19

Product Folder Links: LM231 LM331
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PACKAGING INFORMATION

Orderable Device Status Package Type Package Pins Package Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (C) Device Marking Samples
(1) Drawing Qty (2) (6) (3) (4/5)

LM231AN/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP P 8 40 Green (RoHS CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -25 to 85 LM

& no Sb/Br) 231AN
LM231N/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP P 8 40 Green (RoHS CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -25 to 85 LM
& no Sb/Br) 231N
LM331AN/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP P 8 40 Green (RoHS CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM LM
& no Sb/Br) 331AN
LM331N/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP P 8 40 Green (RoHS CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM
& no Sb/Br) 331N

(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.

(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)

(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.

(4)
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.

(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.

(6)
Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.

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Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.

In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 2
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