Design and Development of Waste Heat Recovery System For Domestic Refrigerator

IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
ISSN: 2278-1684, PP: 28-32

www.iosrjournals.org
Design and Development of Waste Heat Recovery System for
Domestic Refrigerator
S. C. Walawade1,B.R. Barve2, P. R. Kulkarni3.

1
(Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Dr. J.J. Magdum College of Engg., Jaysingpur, India)
2
(Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engg.,Dr. J.J. Magdum College of Engg., Jaysingpur, India)
3
(Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engg.,Dr. J.J. Magdum College of Engg., Jaysingpur, India)
ABSTRACT: Heat is energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters from view point of fuel consumption
and for the protection of global environment. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should be
made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. The main objective of this paper is to study
Waste Heat recovery system for domestic refrigerator. An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat from
condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In minimum
constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is much useful for domestic purpose. It is valuable
alternative approach to improve overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has shown that such a
system is technically feasible and economically viable.
Keywords-Waste heat recovery, 165 liter Domestic refrigerator, Air cooled condenser, Experimental analysis,
COP of refrigerator.
1. Introduction
Waste heat is generally the energy associated with the waste streams of air, gases and liquids that leaves the
boundary of the system and enter into environment. Waste heat which is rejected from a process at a
temperature enough high above the ambient temperature permits the recovery of energy for some useful
purposes in an economic manner. The essential quality of heat is not the amount but its value. Waste heat
recovery and utilization is the process of capturing and reusing waste heat for useful purposes. Not all waste
heat is practically recoverable. The strategy of how to recover this heat depends on the temperature of the waste
heat sources and on the economics involves behind the technology incorporated.
By experimentation with waste heat recovery system (WHRS) in refrigeration unit, Kaushik and Singh
[1] have found that 40% of condenser heat can be recovered through the Canopus heat exchanger for typical set
of operating conditions. P. Sathiamurthi and PSS. Shrinivasan [2, 3] discussed in studies on WHR from an air
conditioning unit that the energy can be recovered and utilized without sacrificing comfort level. They have also
shown that such a system is economically viable. Energy consumption by the system and environmental
pollution can still further be reduced by designing and employing energy saving equipments. F.N.Yu, K.T.Chan
[4] discussed the improved condenser design for air cooled chillers.
In this paper, the authors have investigated a WHRS and experimented to recover condensation heat
from domestic refrigerator of 165 liter. The refrigerating unit rejects considerable amount of heat to the
atmosphere through its condensing coil unit. So, by suitably retrofitting the WHRS in the unit, waste heat is
recovered. This heat is used to keep snacks and food warm, to heat the water which can be further used in health
care centers, schools and industrial processes, to wash the cans in dairy by hot condensate, to dry clothes, grains
etc. thereby saving significant amount of energy.
2. System Description and Design

In the proposed system, the basic requirement is to utilize more and more exergy (waste heat). For that purpose
some calculations are made regarding size and length of condenser and then WHRS is designed. But after
different discussions and calculations for heat transfer rates we approached to the final design of insulated cabin
with compact construction and with reasonable cost. So as to extract more and more heat, we have mounted two
sections of air cooled condenser one at bottom and one at top side of the insulated cabin. This whole assembly is
placed on the top of the refrigerator. The main advantage of this design is that we can get maximum heat with
minimum losses.
3. Fabrication and Assembly Work
3.1 Major Equipments and Parts
Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in engineering (SICETE) 28| Page

Dr. J.J. Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur
Design and Development of Waste Heat Recovery System for Domestic Refrigerator
Since the concept gives brief idea about utilizing waste heat at domestic level, hence we have decided to use a
Voltas second hand working domestic refrigerator of capacity 165 liters. Parts of domestic refrigerator are as
follows.
Compressor, Modified Air cooled Condenser, Capillary Tube, Plate type Evaporator & Insulated
Cabin.
The insulated cabin is a peripheral component which is used for utilizing the waste heat from refrigerator. This
insulated cabin is fabricated by using galvanized iron sheets.
Table 1: Equipments with Specifications

Sr. No Equipment Type/ Material Specification/ Capacity Manufacturer
Refrigerator Domestic Type 165 Liters Voltas

1. a. Compressor Hermetically sealed 1/8th HP Kirloskar
b. Condenser Copper, Air cooled No. of Tubes 18, Surface Area -2798cm2 Kirloskar
c. Evaporator Plate type Roll bond
2. Refrigerant R12 80gm Inno tech

Insulated Cabin Galvanized Iron
a. Outer Box G.I 52.5cm 50cm 42.5cm
3. b. Inner box G.I 42.cm 45cm 32.5cm
c. Door G.I 52.5cm 5cm 42.5cm
d. Insulation Thermocole Thickness:- 3.50cm
3.2 Fabrication of Insulated Cabin

3.2.1 Material Used: Galvanized Iron Sheet
3.2.2 Process used - Sheet metal forming.
Fig.1 Outer box of cabin Fig. 2 Inner box of cabin
Fig.3 Door of Cabin

3.2.3 Fabrication of Cabin
The insulated cabin is made up of following parts.

Inner box and outer box of insulated cabin are made up of Galvanized iron sheet.After defining
dimensions, sheet metal working is performed. The cabin is painted by silver color.
Insulation material-, here thermocole is used for insulation purpose and it is of 3.5cm thickness.
After forming all parts of cabin it is assembled in well manner as shown in Fig.4.
Fig. 4 Assembly of Insulated Cabin Fig. 5 Condenser mounting
3.2.4 Copper tube brazing and Condenser mounting

To utilise more and more heat, condenser is mounted inside the insulated cabin. Sol, condenser is divided in two
sections such that it can fit conveniently inside the cabin as shown in Fig. 5. The copper tubes at outlet of
compressor and inlet of condenser in insulated cabin are joined by brazing.
4. Result and Analysis

4.1 Actual COP of System Based On Theoretical Data
For Refrigerator of 165 liters capacity, given data from Kirloskar Ltd manual follows-
Refrigerator cooling capacity (amount of refrigeration produced or heat extracted in refrigerator) =76 kcal/hr
=
764.1871000
3600
= 88.392 W
Power required running the compressor (work done on refrigerant)
= 1/8 HP
= 1/8746
= 93.25 W
The coefficient of performance (COP) is the ratio of heat extracted in refrigerator to the work done on
refrigerant.
Heat extracted in refrigerator

COPactual= (1)
Work done by compressor
88.392
=
93.25
= 0.948
The main aim is to increase the COP of system by utilizing energy. When the condenser heat is utilized, COP
of system will boost up.
4.2 Experimentation
Experiments are conducted by taking readings as follows.
Copper pot filled with known quantity of water is put inside the cabin and temperatures are noted after specific
interval of time. By following above procedure, observations are noted and time temperature graphs is plotted.

Observation Table
Temperature Of Water
Time
In Pot (C)
10:00 26 Time Temperature Graph
10:15 29 42
45 40 41
10:30 32 38 39
40 36
10:45 34 34
32
Temperature in O C
11:00 36 35 29
11:15 38 30 26
11:30 39 25
11:45 40 20
12:00 41 15
12:15 42 10
5
0
10:00 10:15 10:30 10:45 11:00 11:15 11:30 11:45 12:00 12:15
Time
4.3 Calculations for Increased Rate of Waste Heat

Heat Recovery Achieved, Q = Heat Absorbed By Water
Given data-
Mass of water in the pot, m = 1200 gm =1.200 kg
Specific heat of water, Cp = 4.184 KJ/Kg K
Initial temperature of water = 260C
Final temperature of water = 42C
Time required for reading t = 135 min
Heat Absorbed By Water,
m x Cp x T
Q=
t
1.200 x 4.187 x 16
=
135 x 60
= 9.92 J/s
Heat recovery achieved Q = Heat Absorbedby Water

= 9.92 W
4.4 Improvement in COP

Condenser heat is utilized, which is the part of compressor work. The denominator in equation (1) will reduce in
value. Hence COP of system will improve.
Heat extracted in refrigeration
COPimproved =
Work done by compressor-Heat recovery achieved
88.392
= 93.25-9.92
= 1.06
COPimproved - COPactual
Improvement in COP= 100
COPimproved
1.06 -0.948
= 100
0.948
= 11.81 %
4.5 COP Improvement Limitations
COP improved may be more than the actual calculated because of following errors.
1. Heat outleak while opening or closing the door cannot be exactly evaluated.
2. Actual COP is different than the value taken beacause the refrigerator is old.
3. Air may leak in or out because of old gasket.

5. Conclusion
Waste heat recovery system is an excellent tool to conserve available energy. An attempt is made to recover
the waste heat from 165 L refrigerator used for domestic purpose. As indicated in this paper, recovered heat can
be utilized as food and snacks warmer, water heater, grain dryer. So one can save lot of time and energy also.
The study provides the following conclusions:
1. Suitable heat recovery system can be designed and developed for every household refrigerator.
2. The experimentation has shown that such a system is practically feasible.
3. Technical analysis has shown that it is economically viable.
4. If this can be started from individual level then it can sum up and enormous effect can be obtained.
Thus with small addition in cost if we recover and reuse the waste heat, then definitely we can progress
towards energy conservation and simultaneously achieve our day today function.
5. In present situation where everybody in a home is moving out, this combination of refrigerator and
food warmer is definitely a boom to efficient house wife.
References
[1] S.C.Kaushik, M.Singh., Feasibility and Design studies for heat recovery from a refrigeration system with a canopus heat exchanger,
Heat Recovery Systems & CHP, Vol.15(1995)665673.
[2] P.Sathiamurthi, PSS.Srinivasan, Studies on waste heat recovery and utilization. Globally competitive eco-friendly technologies
engineering National conference, (2005)39.
[3] P.Sathiamurthi, PSS.Srinivasan Design and Development of Waste Heat Recovery System for air Conditioning Unit, European
Journal of Scientific Research,Vol.54 No.1 (2011), pp.102-110
[4] F.N.Yu, K.T.Chan, Improved condenser design and condenser-fan operation for air-cooled chillers, Applied Energy, Vol.83
(2006) 628-648.
[5] B. E. Project Waste heat recovery for domestic refrigerator Thesis submitted by Ms. Anjali Zalake, Ms. Bhagyashree Adake, Dr.
J. J. Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur.2011-12
[6] C.P. Arora, Refrigeration and Air conditioningPHI Publications, 2010.
[7] ASHRAE Hand Book, Supported by ASHRAE Research; SI edition; volume IV, 2010
[8] Frank P. Incropera and David P. Dewitt, Fundamentals of heat and Mass Transfer 5e, Wiley India edition, 2008.
[9] YunusCengel and AfshinGhajar, Heat and Mass Transfer, 4e McGraw Hill Publication 2012
[10] M.M. Rahman, Chin WaiMeng& Adrian Ng, Air Conditioning & Water Heating An environmental friendly and cost effective
way of waste heat recovery, AEESEAP Journal of engineering education, 2007, Vol. 31, No.2


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IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)

ISSN: 2278-1684, PP: 28-32

S. C. Walawade1,B.R. Barve2, P. R. Kulkarni3.

2. System Description and Design

3.1 Major Equipments and Parts

Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in engineering (SICETE) 28| Page

Table 1: Equipments with Specifications

Refrigerator Domestic Type 165 Liters Voltas

2. Refrigerant R12 80gm Inno tech

3.2 Fabrication of Insulated Cabin

Fig.1 Outer box of cabin Fig. 2 Inner box of cabin

Fig.3 Door of Cabin

Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in engineering (SICETE) 29| Page

Fig. 4 Assembly of Insulated Cabin Fig. 5 Condenser mounting

3.2.4 Copper tube brazing and Condenser mounting

4. Result and Analysis

Heat extracted in refrigerator

Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in engineering (SICETE) 30| Page

4.3 Calculations for Increased Rate of Waste Heat

Heat recovery achieved Q = Heat Absorbedby Water

4.4 Improvement in COP

Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in engineering (SICETE) 31| Page

Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in engineering (SICETE) 32| Page

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