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    Analisis Gas Darah

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    Tri Gunawan
    This document discusses key terms and measurements in analyzing arterial blood gas, including: - pH, which measures acidity or alkalinity based on hydrogen ions and normally ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. - Several other measurements and their normal ranges: PaO2 80-100 mm Hg, SaO2 95-100%, PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg, HCO3 22-26 mEq/liter, and base excess -2 to +2 mEq/liter. - Hypoxemia is defined as PaO2 <60 mm Hg and SaO2 <90%, indicating decreased oxygen content in blood. - The alveolar-arterial

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    Analisis Gas Darah

    Uploaded by

    Tri Gunawan
    28 views2 pages
    This document discusses key terms and measurements in analyzing arterial blood gas, including: - pH, which measures acidity or alkalinity based on hydrogen ions and normally ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. - Several other measurements and their normal ranges: PaO2 80-100 mm Hg, SaO2 95-100%, PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg, HCO3 22-26 mEq/liter, and base excess -2 to +2 mEq/liter. - Hypoxemia is defined as PaO2 <60 mm Hg and SaO2 <90%, indicating decreased oxygen content in blood. - The alveolar-arterial

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    This document discusses key terms and measurements in analyzing arterial blood gas, including: - pH, which measures acidity or alkalinity based on hydrogen ions and normally ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. - Several other measurements and their normal ranges: PaO2 80-100 mm Hg, SaO2 95-100%, PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg, HCO3 22-26 mEq/liter, and base excess -2 to +2 mEq/liter. - Hypoxemia is defined as PaO2 <60 mm Hg and SaO2 <90%, indicating decreased oxygen content in blood. - The alveolar-arterial

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    28 views2 pages

    Analisis Gas Darah

    Uploaded by

    Tri Gunawan
    This document discusses key terms and measurements in analyzing arterial blood gas, including: - pH, which measures acidity or alkalinity based on hydrogen ions and normally ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. - Several other measurements and their normal ranges: PaO2 80-100 mm Hg, SaO2 95-100%, PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg, HCO3 22-26 mEq/liter, and base excess -2 to +2 mEq/liter. - Hypoxemia is defined as PaO2 <60 mm Hg and SaO2 <90%, indicating decreased oxygen content in blood. - The alveolar-arterial

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    Analisis Gas Darah

    Istilah

    pH
    Measurement of acidity or alkalinity, based on the hydrogen (H+) ions present.
    The normal range is 7.35 to 7.45
    PaO2
    The partial pressure of oxygen that is dissolved in arterial blood.
    The normal range is 80 to 100 mm Hg.
    SaO2
    The arterial oxygen saturation.
    The normal range is 95% to 100%.

    PaCO2
    The amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in arterial blood.
    The normal range is 35 to 45 mm Hg.
    HCO3
    The calculated value of the amount of bicarbonate in the bloodstream.
    The normal range is 22 to 26 mEq/liter
    B.E.
    The base excess indicates the amount of excess or insufficient level of bicarbonate in the
    system.
    The normal range is 2 to +2 mEq/liter. (A negative base excess indicates a base deficit in the
    blood.)

    HYPOXEMIA. This is when the oxygen content of blood is decreased, i.e. paO2<60
    mmHg and SaO2<90%.

    Alveolar-arterial Oxygen Tension Difference. This is otherwise known as the A-a


    gradient, where A refers to alveolar and a refers to arterial. A gradient of 10-20 is
    considered normal.

    PAO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli


    FIO2 is the fraction of inspired oxygen
    Patm is the atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) at sea level
    PH20 is the water vapor pressure4 (47 mmHg)
    RQ is the respiratory quotient (0.8)

    Langkah interpretasi hasil AGD


    First, does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
    Second, is the primary problem metabolic or respiratory?
    Third, is there any compensation by the patient?
    (And dont forget that respiratory compensation is immediate , but it takes the kidneys a
    while to
    kick in)
    After determining these things, then you can evaluate how effectively the patient is
    oxygenating.
    LOOK AT THE pH! This will determine the primary problem.
    pH < 7.35 Acidosis (metabolic and/or respiratory)
    pH > 7.45 Alkalosis (metabolic and/or respiratory)

    LOOK AT THE pCO2 (high or low)!


    paCO2 > 45mmHg Respiratory Acidosis (alveolar hypoventilation)
    paCO2 < 35mmHg Respiratory Alkalosis (alveolar hyperventilation)

    For a primary respiratory problem, pH and paCO2 will move in OPPOSITE directions.

    If the pH and paCO2 do not agree according to these rules, then there must be a metabolic
    Component

    HCO3 > 26 with a pH > 7.45 represents a metabolic alkalosis.


    For a primary metabolic problem, pH, paCO2 and HCO3 are all moving in the SAME
    direction.

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