Physics Class 12 Full Wave Rectifier Project File

Rectifier is an electronic device which converts A.
C power
into D.C power. The study of the junction diode
charecteristics reveals that the junction diode offer a low
resistance path, when forward biased, and a high
resistance path, when reverse biased. This feature of the
junction diode enables it to be used as a rectifier. The
alternatimg signals provide opposite kind of biased
voltage at the junction after each half cycle. If the
junction is forward biased in the first half-cycle, it gets
reversed in the next half cycle. It results in the flow of
forward current in one direction only and thus signal gets
rectified. In other words, we can say when an alternating
e.m.f is applied across a junction diode, it will conduct
only during those alternate half –cycles, which bias it in
forward direction.
There are two types of rectifier :
 Half wave rectifier
 Full wave rectifier
S. NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1 Introduction 1
2 Aim 2
3 Apparatus Required 3
4 Theory 4-6
5 Construction 7
6 Observation 8
7 Result 9
8 Conclusion 10
9 Bibliography 11
The A.C supply is applied across the primary coil of a
centre tap step down transformer. The two wires of
the secondary coil of the transformer are connected
to the p-sections of the two junction diodes, D1 and
D2, respectively. A capacitor C, is connected across
the n-sections of the two diodes and centre of the
secondary coil. A load resistance, RL is connected
parallel to the capacitor C. A LED is also connected
in series with RL .
On supplying A.C input to the full wave rectifier circuit,
the LED starts glowing. Thus the output is D.C.
The A.C input is rectified into D.C output.
Most electronic devices cannot withstand very high
voltage or alternating current due to its intense high
power. The use of batteries in all devices is not
practical as their replacement and durability is the
huge problem as the device has to be dismantled each
time for such repacement. So these rectifiers is used in
most of the electronic devices like TVs, radio, chargers
lightings etc. The common use rectifiers are to supply
polarized voltage for welding and detection of amplitude
modulated radio signals.
I am grateful to the various source of information
which I got from a number of books and websites.
This sources which prove helpful were :

 NCERT Physics
 WWW,GOOGLE.COM
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude
to my my Physics teacher S.K Samanta who gave
me the golden pportunity to do this wonderful project
on the topic ‘full wave rectifier’. I would also
like to thank them for their valuable cooperation and
guidance in completing this project. This project
helped me in doing lot of research and I came to know
about many new thimgs.
I would also like to thank my parents and friends

who helped me a lot in completing this project within
the limited time frame.
To construct a Full Wave Rectifier using two diode
and show that the alternating current (A.C) is
rectified into direct current (D.C).
 P.N Junction Diodes - 2 piece
 Centre Tap Transformer(0-12V) - 1 piece
 Resistor(1200 ohms) - 1 piece
 LED - 1 piece
 Capacitor(1000µF) - 1 piece
 Connecting wires
 Plug
 Circuit Board
 Insulation Tape
 Soldering Iron and Wire
A Full Wave Rectifier is an circuit which converts an A.C voltage
into an pulsating D.C voltage using both half cycles of the
applied A.C voltage. It uses two diodes of which one conducts
during one half cycle while other conducts during other half
cycle of the applied A.C voltage.
Here the p-side of the two diodes are connected to the ends of
the secondary of the transformer. The n- sides of the diodes are
conneted together and the output is taken between this
common point of diodes and the mid-point of the secondary of
the transformer. So for a full wave-rectifier the secondary of
transformer is provided with a centre tapping so it is called as
centre-tapping transformer. The voltage rectified by each diode
is only half the total secondary voltage. Each diode rectifies for
only half the cycle, but the to do so for alternate cycles. Thus
the output between their common terminals and centre-tap of
the transformer becomes a full wave-rectifier.
During the positive half cycle of the input voltage, diode D1
becomes forwarsd biased and D2 becomes reverse biased.
Hence D1 conducts and D2 does not. The load current flows
through D1 and the voltage drop across R1 will be equal to the
input voltage.
During the negative half cycle of the input voltage, diode D1
becomes reverse biased and D2 becomes forward biased.
Hence D2 conducts and D1 does not. The load current flows
through D2 and the voltage drop across R1 will be equal to the
input voltage.
Thus we get output voltage during both positive as well as
negative half of the cycle.
The rectified voltage is in the form of pulses of the shape of
sinusoids. Though it is unidirectional it does not have a steady
value. To get D.c output from the pulsating voltage a capacitor
is connected across the output terminals (parallel to the load
RL). When the voltage across capacitor is rising, it gets charged.
If there is no external load it remains charged to the peak value
of the rectified output. When there is a load, it gets discharged
through the load and voltage across it begins to fall. In the next
half cycle of the rectified output it again gets charged to the
peak value. The rate of fall of voltage across the capacitor
depend upon the inverse product of capacitance C and the
effective resistance RL used in the circuit and it is called as Time
Constant. To make the time constant large value of C should be
large. So capacitor input filters use large capacitors. The output
voltage obtained by using capacitor input filter is nearer to the
peak voltage of the rectified voltage. This type of filter is most
widely used in power supplies. The capacitor appears to filer
out the A.C ripple and give a pure D.C voltage, so it is called a
filter.
Output voltage of rectifier with capacitor filter
This is certafied to be bonafied work of
Navneet Nigam of class XII A1 of
Board Roll No. has successfully
completed his project in Physics under
supervision of subject teacher S.K
Samanta during the acedemic year
2017-2018.
Signature of Signature of
Internal examiner External examiner

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Rectifier is an electronic device which converts A.

This sources which prove helpful were :

I would also like to thank my parents and friends

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