The document outlines design criteria for bridge loads, materials, and analysis. It specifies dead loads from structural components and live loads from vehicles and pedestrians. It also defines load factors, material strengths, and references used for seismic analysis according to DPWH standards.
The document outlines design criteria for bridge loads, materials, and analysis. It specifies dead loads from structural components and live loads from vehicles and pedestrians. It also defines load factors, material strengths, and references used for seismic analysis according to DPWH standards.
The document outlines design criteria for bridge loads, materials, and analysis. It specifies dead loads from structural components and live loads from vehicles and pedestrians. It also defines load factors, material strengths, and references used for seismic analysis according to DPWH standards.
The document outlines design criteria for bridge loads, materials, and analysis. It specifies dead loads from structural components and live loads from vehicles and pedestrians. It also defines load factors, material strengths, and references used for seismic analysis according to DPWH standards.
The Dead Load shall consist of the weight of the entire structure, including the roadway, sidewalks and other public utility service. The table below gives the unit weight of material used in the design
Material Unit Weight (kN/m³)
Reinforced Concrete 23.60 Plain Concrete 22.77 Asphalt Wearing Coarse 22.00 Steel 77.00 Fill Material 18.00
1.1.2 Live Loads (LL)
A. Roadway Live Load
The live load shall consist of the weight of applied moving load of truck or lane load as provided by the DGCS / AASHTO, Standard Specification for Highway Bridges.
The carriage live load shall be the HL-93 Standard truck or tandem / alternate military loading and Lane Loading as shown. Permit Design Load (Type 7: 7- Axial) is also applied.
145 kN 145 kN 35 kN
4.3m to 9.1m 4.3m
HL-93 (TRUCK LOAD)
9.34Kn/m.
HL-93 (LANE LOADING)
B. Side walk
Sidewalk loading shall be 3.60 kN / m² shall be applied to all sidewalks wider
than 600mm and consider simultaneously with the vehicular design live load in the vehicle lane.
C. Impact Loading
The factor to be applied to the static load shall be taken as:
IM I = 1 + --------- 100
Where: I = Impact Fraction
IM = Dynamic Load allowance
The Static effects of the design truck or tandem, other than centrifugal and braking forces, shall be increased by the percentage specified for dynamic load allowance in follows,
Component IM Deck Joint-All Limit State 75% All Other Components Fatigue and Fracture 15% Limit State All Other Limit States 33%
D. Multiple Presence Factors
Number of Loaded Lanes Multiple Presence Factors
1 75% 2 3 15% >3 33%
1.1.3 Other Forces
Forces other than Specified above will be calculated based on AASHTO /
DGCS recommendations which includes thermal, creep, shrinkage, construction loads, etc.
1.2 LOAD COMBINATION
The Group Loading Combination for Load Resistance Factor Design, as
recommended by AASHTO / DGCS is taken as: 1.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES 1.3.1 Concrete
Cast in place concrete Minimum Compressive Stress, f’c
at 28 days Girders, Deck slab and parapets 28.0 MPa (4000 psi.) Sidewalk , Railings, Rail post 21.0 MPa (3000 psi.) Abutment, Wing wall, Coping, Approach 28.0 MPa (4000 psi.) Slab, Foundation
1.3.2 Reinforcing Steel
Reinforcing Steel shall conform to AASHTO M31 (ASTM A615), shall be
deformed bars.
The minimum yield strength, fy used for reinforcing steel bars are as follows:
In Accordance with DPWH-LRFD Bridge seismic design specification (BSDS) 1ST
Edition, 2013
1.5 REFERENCES
Design analyses and computations were based on the follows:
a) Design Guidelines, Criteria and Standards Vol. 5 (Bridge Design 2015)
b) Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Office), Bridge Design Specification 2012 c) DPWH Bridge Seismic Design Specification 1st Edition 2013
