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    Mri Gradients Phase and Frequency Encoding

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    skycall28
    The document discusses how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic field gradients to spatially encode the MR signal from different locations in the body. It explains that slice selection uses gradients to excite only proton spins within a defined slice, while phase and frequency encoding create a matrix by applying gradients along two axes to distinguish proton spins at different locations within the slice. This spatial encoding allows reconstruction of an image from the MR signals in k-space.

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    Mri Gradients Phase and Frequency Encoding

    Uploaded by

    skycall28
    205 views25 pages
    The document discusses how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic field gradients to spatially encode the MR signal from different locations in the body. It explains that slice selection uses gradients to excite only proton spins within a defined slice, while phase and frequency encoding create a matrix by applying gradients along two axes to distinguish proton spins at different locations within the slice. This spatial encoding allows reconstruction of an image from the MR signals in k-space.

    Original Description:

    Gradients in MRI and the Phase and Frequency Encoding methods

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    The document discusses how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic field gradients to spatially encode the MR signal from different locations in the body. It explains that slice selection uses gradients to excite only proton spins within a defined slice, while phase and frequency encoding create a matrix by applying gradients along two axes to distinguish proton spins at different locations within the slice. This spatial encoding allows reconstruction of an image from the MR signals in k-space.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    205 views25 pages

    Mri Gradients Phase and Frequency Encoding

    Uploaded by

    skycall28
    The document discusses how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic field gradients to spatially encode the MR signal from different locations in the body. It explains that slice selection uses gradients to excite only proton spins within a defined slice, while phase and frequency encoding create a matrix by applying gradients along two axes to distinguish proton spins at different locations within the slice. This spatial encoding allows reconstruction of an image from the MR signals in k-space.

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    of 25

    MRI GRADIENTS

    PHASE AND FREQUENCY


    ENCODING

    AKASH NAIK
    16MM60001
    The Question

    ● If we simply excite all the spins


    within the head with one RF pulse, the
    averaged transverse magnetization in
    the head would generate the MR
    signal.

    The question remains:


    ● How can we distinguish between MR
    signals from different locations in the
    body?
    The gradient trick
    ● In a homogeneous magnetic field, the
    field strength is the same everywhere
    by definition (B0) with proton spins
    show the same precession frequency 0
    proportional to the field strength.

    ● When a magnetic field gradient is


    applied, the field shows a linear
    increase. The precession of the proton
    spins in this direction varies
    accordingly at different places

    ● Only those spins that precess at the


    correct Larmor frequency will resonate
    with a given RF pulse.
    ● Gradient coils in pairs are
    operated in a specific
    direction.

    ● One coil increases the static


    magnetic field, the
    opposing coil reduces it.

    This means that


    ● the magnetic field with its
    original strength B0
    changes like the incline of a
    road.
    ● Slice selection – locating a
    slice in the scan plane selected.

    ● Phase encoding -Spatially


    locating signal along the short
    axis of the image

    ● Frequency encoding-
    Spatially locating signal along
    the long axis of the image
    Slice Selection
    Slice Selection

    ● A slice is a defined resonance


    area of the proton spins.

    ● Outside the slice, the spins are


    not excited by the RF pulse.

    ● Transverse magnetization
    (and therefore an MR signal)
    is generated only within the
    selected slice.
    The matrix : resolution
    ● How do we get an image
    from a slice ?

    ● Let us assume we want to generate


    a tomogram in a 256 x 256 matrix
    size.

    ● In this case, each row and column


    has to be divided into 256 locations.

    ● Phase and Frequency encoding


    through two axes enables us to
    create such matrix
    Phase Encoding
    ● The transverse
    magnetization is
    spinning at the same
    rate and producing
    signals that have the
    same frequency.

    ● But the signals are out


    of phase.
    ● We have to generate 256 MR signals with
    different phase encodings for 256
    different locations.
    ● This means 256 phase-encoding steps.
    FREQUENCY
    ENCODING
    ● Row of 256 x 256 matrix

    • The spins of nuclei experiencing a


    higher magnetic field strength due
    to the gradient speed up; i.e. their
    precessional frequencies increase
    (similar to a high note on a keyboard).

    • The spins of nuclei experiencing a


    lower magnetic field strength due
    to the presence of the gradient slow
    down; i.e. their precessional fre-
    quencies decrease (similar to a low note
    on a keyboard) .
    The Sequence
    ● Acquisition of
    signals and
    Fourier
    Transform

    ● Image
    reconstruction
    from k-space
    K-Space
    Image Reconstruction
    Refereences
    [1] https://www.healthcare.siemens.co.in/magnetic-resonance-imaging
    [2] http://www.sprawls.org/mripmt/

    [3] Willey .2nd Ed. MRI at a Glance


    THANK YOU

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