Elbow Mixture Analysis: ISSN (PRINT) :2394-6202, (ONLINE) :2394-6210, VOLUME-1, ISSUE-2,2015

ELBOW MIXTURE ANALYSIS
1
Satvinder Singh Bhatia, 2Ritesh Nishad,3Sameer Rajendra Patil, 4Mukund Kishor Dewangan,
5
Purushottam Chandrawanshi, 6Makhan Sahu,
Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Email: 1Satvinder0511@gmail.com, 2Rnishad623@gmail.com ,
3
samrocks.patil13@gmail.com,4mukunddewangan00@gmail.com,5purru67548@gmail.com,
6
makhan0707@rediffmail.com

Abstract—The transfer and mixing of fluids further improvement by refining the cells in
is common procedure that happen almost in meshing.
all manufacturing companies. The pipe which At the end of project, we get some useful flow
transfers and mixes heat have different pattern diagrams regarding velocity, pressure
sections, the quality and accuracy of product and temperature inside the Elbow mixture
have directly related to the quality of heat that can be used as reference by any designer
transfer and mixing of fluids. for Elbow mixture.
In this project, we have studied one of the
device used for fluid mixing and heat transfer I. INTRODUCTION
in pipes i.e. ELBOW MIXTURE. Elbow Elbow Mixture is a device used in pipes to
Mixture is a device used for fluid mixing and transfer and mixing of two different fluid of
heat transfer through fluids in pipes. The different parameters. This transfer and mixing of
design of Elbow mixture affects its function. fluid plays big role in the productivity.
Therefore for a designer of Elbow Mixture, it Therefore, it is desirable that design of Elbow
should be very necessary to have such a Mixture should be as optimum as possible.
reference through which, he can predict the To get a good design, it is essential to know the
Fluid flow and Heat transfer phenomena flow distribution pattern inside the Elbow
inside the Elbow mixture. Mixture, so that prediction can be made
Since, information about Elbow Mixture is regarding flow distribution which can be used as
rare, therefore in this project we have deal reference for the design of Elbow mixture. In this
with a particular case of Elbow mixture in two project, we have studied the Elbow mixture to
different type of fluid flow i.e. laminar and get such a solution which can use as reference for
turbulent flow, and compared them. So that a design.
designer should ensure about the difference in In this project report, we have made the CFD
flow pattern in both flows. (Computer Fluid Dynamics) analysis of Elbow
For these purpose, we have used the ANSYS mixture, to determine the flow and heat transfer
software for analysis which becomes most pattern in Elbow mixture. Since the mixing
reliable engineering software than other. For Elbow configuration is encountered in piping
a quality solution, we have made the each type systems in power plants and process industries.
of flow in three different steps. Firstly we used It is often important to predict the flow field and
simple solver, then after a improved method temperature field in the area of the mixing region
of coupled Solver available in ANSYS and in order to properly design the junction.
then we use adaptation for checking any
ISSN(PRINT):2394-6202,(ONLINE):2394-6210,VOLUME-1,ISSUE-2,2015
45
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (IJAPME)
We have analyzed the Elbow mixture in laminar

as well as turbulent flow and compared them to
see the difference in flow distribution so that
design can be made with respect to both type of
flow. Since it becomes very costly to prepare the
Elbow mixture practically and have no means to
analyze that in physical form. Therefore, all the
studies and analysis have done through a
engineering software.
For this purpose we have used the ANSYS
Fig,1 Elbow
software to make the CFD i.e. Computer Fluid Mixture
Dynamics analysis of Elbow mixture. Now in C. ANSYS
present day ANSYS become the world’s leading ANSYS, Inc. is an engineering simulation
engineering software, and their solutions are software (computer-aided engineering, or CAE)
very much reliable than other. Therefore, now a developer headquartered south of Pittsburgh in
days all the organizations are using this software the south pointe business park in Cecil township,
for their work in different ways. Pennsylvania, United States. One of its most
A. Aim of the project significant products is ANSYS CFD, a
The main objectives of our projects are listed proprietary computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
below:- program.
1. To study the Elbow mixture and generate ANSYS software is a combined unit of
Fluid Flow pattern. different individual software such as :-
2. To get solution to determine the heat 1. ANSYS Fluent:- This part of ANSYS is
transfer and flow pattern which can be used the CFD (Computer Fluid Flow)
used as reference for Elbow mixture analysis of a solid as well as Fluid.
designing. 2. ANSYS Structure:- This part of ANSYS
3. To analyze the pressure, velocity, is used to solve the mechanics problem
temperature and mass transfer relating to stress, deformation, and loads.
distribution and pattern through laminar 3. ANSYS Thermal:- This part of ANSYS
and turbulent flow. deal with the temperature relating
4. To analyze the difference in pattern by problems like enthalpy, heat transfer etc.
laminar and turbulent flow.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
B. ELBOW Mixture
Elbow Mixture has a wide application in the
Elbow Mixture is a fluid flow device, which is
field of Mass and Heat transfer by fluid in pipes.
used to mix and transfer two different fluids of
This directly affects the productivity of products,
either same type with different parameters or of
since it transfers and mixes the working fluid.
different types with same parameters. The Elbow
The quality of transferring and mixing have
mixture used for study in this project have utilize
proportional effect on the product quality. Elbow
the same fluid water as working fluid but have
mixture has been used from the beginning of
different parameters like velocity and
production but still the design of Elbow mixture
temperature.
has not varied much. Still a traditional type
Elbow mixture are applied for fluid transfer.
Only few works have made regarding the
improvement of Elbow mixture design. In this
series one of the major work was done by
Quamrul H. Mazumder for mechanical
engineering, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint,
MI 48502, USA.
46
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis C. Comparison of Results

was performed in four different 90 degree For the proper design it should be
Elbows with air-water two-phase flows. The necessary to understand the differences in
inside diameters of the Elbows were 6.35 mm flow pattern with laminar and turbulent so
and 12.7 mm with radius to diameter ratios () of that design should made by keeping both
1.5 to 3. The pressure drops at two different type of flow. Fig,2. Phase of Working
upstream and downstream locations were
investigated using empirical, experimental, and
computational methods. The combination of
three different air velocities, ranging from 15.24
to 45.72 m/sec, and nine different water
velocities, in the range of 0.1–10.0 m/s, was used
in this study.
CFD analysis of two-phase flow in a 6.35, and
12.7 mm pipe diameter with ratio of 1.5 and 3
was performed using commercially available
CFD code FLUENT. Analysis was performed
for three different air velocities between 15.24,
30.48, and 45.72 m/s and six different water Fig,2. Phase of Working
velocities, ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 m/s, in each
of the four Elbows. Pressure drop profiles and IV. PROBLEM SOLVER AND PROCEDURE
their respective cross-sectional pressure contour A. Solution steps
maps were presented for characteristic flow For a reliable solution which can be accepted,
behaviors in multiphase flows. After these, there the complete solution for each type of flow can
is not having any more study relating to Elbow be done in three steps.
mixture. I. Simple Solver
P.L. Spedding, E. Benard and N.M. Crawford This type of solver is used to get the initial
have made another crucial study of Elbow preliminary solution of the particular problem.
mixture regarding the Fluid flows through a This solver can solve the problem with the
vertical to horizontal 90Elbow bend III three accuracy of 90%. For the further improvement in
phase flow. This study also gave improvement in solution coupled solver can be used after this
the elbow mixture. solver.
We can get some little bit information about II. Coupled Solver
the Elbow mixture through the tutorial guide of
The Elbow solution computed in the first part
ANSYS fluent. This gives the dimensions and
of this tutorial used the SIMPLE solver scheme
parameters which have used in this project for
for pressure-velocity coupling. For many general
our analysis.
fluid-flow problems, convergence speed can be
III. PHASE OF WORKING improved by using the coupled solver. You will
now change the solution method to a coupled
A. Modeling of Elbow Mixture scheme.
In this part of project, the design and III. Adaptation
meshing of Elbow mixture has done with the For the first two runs of this tutorial, you have
using ANSYS fluent in ANSYS. The design solved the Elbow problem using a fairly coarse
and meshing have much importance mesh. The Elbow solution can be improved
regarding the quality of solutions. further by refining the mesh to better resolve the
B. Analysis in Laminar and Turbulent Flow flow details. ANSYS Fluent provides a built-in
capability to easily adapt the mesh according to
After creating the geometry and meshing as
solution gradients.
per requirement, then analysis has done with
two different case of flow i.e. firstly with
laminar flow and then after with turbulent
flow.
47
 Outer Radius
= 200mm
2. Extrude = 200mm
Setup
Laminar
Solution
Setup
Result
Comparisio
n
for both ends.
Geometry Meshing
Solution Compariso
Turbulent Result
Setup n
Fig,3. Working Procedure
Create- Primitives-
CylinderParameters –
V. MODELING AND MESHING
 Base Plane- XY
A. Problem setup Plane
The setup of problem considered in these project  Origin X - 137.5
is shown. The cold fluid having temperature  Origin Y- -225
293.15 K enters through the inlet of large  Origin Z -0
diameter with the velocity of 0.4 m/s while the Creating  Axis Y -125
hot fluid of temperature 313.15 K enters through the Side
the inlet of small diameter with velocity of 1.2 2  Radius-12.5
Pipe
m/s. They both mixed inside the Elbow mixture
and exchanges their heat and these flow pattern
distribution becomes very important in order to
design a good Elbow Mixture.
Fig 5:‐ Elbow Mixture
Tools- Symmetry-XY
plane-Apply
 Generate.
Symmet
3 ry
Fig,4. Problem Setup
Fig 6:‐ Symmetry
B. Geometry
S.N ANSYS C. Meshing

Geometry ANSYS
O Fluent S.No Mesh
Fluent
1. Create- Primitives-
Mesh- Create Named
Torous.
Selection
Parameters-  Velocity Inlet
Creating Create
 Base Y= -1 1 Large
1 Main named
 Base Z= 0  Velocity Inlet
Pipe selection
 Angle 900 Small
 Inner Radius  Pressure Outlet
= 100mm
48
 Symmetry.
1. Physics
Preference- CFD
2. Solver Preference-
Fluent
3. Sizing
 Relevance Centre-
Details Fine
2 of  Smoothing- High
Meshing 4. Inflation
 Use Automatic Fig 8:‐ . Fluent
Inflation- Program
Controlled
5. Generate.
VI. ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION

A. Solution Setup
Now after completing the first three steps of
modeling, meshing and setup, the main body of
analysis starts from here. In this part all the
necessary steps are defined like types of flow,
materials, modes and boundary conditions etc.
In this project, this step have done twice for
laminar as well as turbulent flow, the whole
procedure have definite importance.
Fig 7:‐ Meshing
D. Fluent Setup
ANSYS
S.NO Setup
Fluent
1. Dimension- 3D
2. Display Options:-
 Display Mesh
After Reading
Fluent  Embed Graphics
Launcher Windows
1
 Workbench Color
Scheme Fig 9:‐ Solution Setup
3. Processing
Options- Serial
B. The two types of flow of analysis are as
follows:-
I. Laminar Flow
II. Turbulent Flow
49
VII. LAMINAR FLOW ANALYSIS A. Simpler Solver

1. Check Mesh SOL
Gener
S.N 2. Scale Units in mm UTI
al
O 3. Report Quality. ON
Mesh
4. Pressure Based Solver. Soluti
1. Energy on. on
1 Scheme- Simple Solver.
2. Viscous- Laminar. Meth
od
Surface Monitors-
 Report type- Mass
Weight Average.
Monit  Field Variable-
Mode 2
1 ors Temperature.
s
 Surface monitor-
Pressure Outlet.
Soluti
on
3 Hybrid Initialization-
Initial
Initialize
Fig 10:‐Models izatio
n.
Create Fluid Water:-
Run
 Density- 1000kg/m3 1. Iteration- 150.
4 Calcu
 Specific heat- 2. Calculate.
lation
4216j/kg-K REP
Materi
2  Thermal Conductivity- ORT
al
0.677 AND
 Viscosity- 0.0008 RES
Ns/m2 ULT
1. Mass Flow rate-
Cell (Kg/s)
Zone  Pressure Outlet:- -
3 Fluid- Water
Condi 1.85*10-6
tion  Inlet Large:-
1. Velocity inlet large
1.56*10-6
 Velocity- 0.4m/s in X
 Inlet Small:-
direction.
2.89*10-7
Bound  Temperature- 1 Flux
……………………….
ary 293.15K.
4 .
Condi 2. Velocity inlet Small-
tion.  Velocity- 1.2 m/s in Y  Net Mass Flow- -
-10
direction. 3.014*10 .
 Temperature- 313.15K 2. Heat Transfer:-
 Net Heat transfer
7.729*10-6 W.
The above solution obtained through Simpler

solver can be improved by using coupled
solver.
50
B. Coupled Solver  Net Mass Flow- -

SOL 3.439*10-12.
UTI 2. Heat Transfer:-
ON  Net Heat transfer
Soluti 4.0624*10-6 W.
on
1. Scheme- Coupled Solver
Meth 1. Velocity- 2.238 m/s
od Conto 2. Pressure- -2.177 Pa to
Soluti 2.
urs 6512.83 Pa
on
Hybrid Initialiazation-
2. Initial
Initialize
izatio The solution obtained from coupled solver can
n be further improved by refining their cell
Iteration- 90 meshing. This can be done by using the ADAPT
 Calculate. tool available in ANSYS software.
C. Adaptation
ADA
PTA
TIO
N
Gradient-
Run  Refine Threshold-
3. Calcu 0.003
lation
 Cell Marked- Zero
1. Adapt
Fig. 11:‐Run Calculation
REP
ORT
AND
RES Fig.12:‐ Gradient Adaptation
ULT
S 1. Iteration- 90
1. Mass Flow rate- Calcu
2.  Calculate
(Kg/s) late
 Pressure Outlet:- - RES
1.8566*10-6 ULT
 Inlet Large:- AND
1. Flux
1.566*10-6 REP
 Inlet Small:- ORT
2.897*10-7 1. Mass Flow rate-
………………………. (Kg/s)
3. Flux
.  Pressure Outlet:- -
1.86*10-6
51
 Inlet Large:-
1.5697*10-6
 Inlet Small:- 1. Velocity- 2.28m/s
2.8973*10-7
……………………….
.
 Net Mass Flow- -
-13
8.2422*10 .
2. Heat Transfer:-
 Net Heat transfer -
2.352*10-6 W
2. Pressure- -2.167 to
6512.85 Pa
Contou
4.
r
3. Temperature= 293.15-
313.15K
Fig.13:‐ Contour of Velocity,
Pressure and Temperature
Result:-
The above result for laminar flow in Elbow
mixture can be used as reference for designing
the Elbow mixture for laminar flow.
52
VIII. TURBULENT FLOW ANALYSISI

A. Simple Solver
1. Check Mesh
Gener
2. Scale Units in mm
1 al
3. Report Quality.
Mesh
4. Pressure Based Solver.
1. Energy on. Fig.15 Velocity Inlet
2. Viscous- K-eplison
(Turbulent Flow) 2. Velocity inlet Small-
 Velocity- 1.2m/s in Y
direction.
 Temperature- 313.15K
Mode  Turbulent Intensity-
2
s 5%
 Hydraulic Diameter-
25mm
SOLU
Fig.14. Turbulent TION
Soluti
1. Create Fluid Water:- on
1 Scheme- Simple Solver.
 Density- 1000kg/m3 Metho
d
 Specific heat-
Surface Monitors-
4216j/kg-K  Report type-
Mater
3  Thermal Conductivity- Mass Weight
ial
0.677 Average.
 Viscocity- 0.0008 Monit  Field Variable-
2
Ns/m2. ors Temperature.
Fig.14:- Viscous Model
 Surface
Cell monitor-
Zone Pressure
4 Fluid- Water Outlet.
Condi
tion Soluti
on
1. Velocity inlet large Hybrid Initialization-
3 Initial
 Velcocity- 0.4m/s in X Initialize
izatio
direction. n.
Boun  Temperature- Run
1. Iteration- 150.
dary 293.15K. 4 Calcul
5 2. Calculate.
Condi  Turbulent intensity- ation
tion 5% REP
ORT
 Hydraullic Diameter-
AND
100mm RES
ULT
1. Mass Flow rate-
(Kg/s)
1 Flux
 Pressure Outlet:- -
1.867*10-6
53
 Inlet Large:-  Inlet Small:-

1.5667*10-6 2.897*10-7
 Inlet Small:- ………………………
2.897*10-7 ..
………………………  Net Mass Flow-
.. 1.620*10-12
 Net Mass Flow- - 2. Heat Transfer:-
-10
1.10702*10 .  Net Heat transfer
2. Heat Transfer:- 2.5052*10-7 W.
 Net Heat transfer
1.8605*10-5 W. 1. Velocity- 2.199 m/s
2. Pressure- -0.1285 Pa
to 6246.11 Pa
THE ABOVE SOLUTION CAN BE IMPROVED BY
Conto
2 3. Eddy Viscosity-
USING COUPLED SOLVER INSTEAD OF SIMPLE
urs
 2.475*10-14 to
SOLVER IN SOLUTION METHOD
5.272*10-6 Pas
B. Coupled Solver
The solution obtained from coupled solver can
SOL
be further improved by refining their cell
UTIO
meshing. This can be done by using the ADAPT
N
tool available in ANSYS software.
Soluti
on
1 Scheme- Coupled Solver B. Adaptation
Metho
d ADAP
Soluti TATI
on Hybrid Initialization-
2 ON
Initiali Initialize Gradient-
zation  Refine Threshold-
Run 1. Iteration- 90
0.003
3 Calcul 2. Calculate. 1 Adapt
ation  Cell Marked- Zero
REP
ORT
AND 1. Iteration- 90
Calcula
RESU 2  Calculate.
te
LTS
1. Mass Flow rate- Net Mass Flow-
RESU
(Kg/s) 8.2422*10-13
LT
 Pressure Outlet:- - AND
1 Flux Kg/s
1.856*10-6 REPO
Net Heat transfer
 Inlet Large:- RT
1.303*10-8 W
1.566*10-6
54
1. Velocity- 2.199m/s
Result:-
The above result for turbulent flow in Elbow
mixture can be used as reference for designing
the Elbow mixture for turbulent flow.
IX. APPLICATION AND BENEFITS

Elbow mixture has a wide variety of
application in all manufacturing companies.
Therefore, the solution obtained through above
analysis will also serve many ways. It can be
used as
2. Pressure- 0.128 Pa to
 For the design of Elbow mixture to obtain
6246.11 Pa
a best geometry.
 This report can be used for the analysis of
laminar flow in Elbow mixture.
 This report can be used for the analysis of
turbulent flow in Elbow mixture.
 This report can be used for checking the
difference in design requirement for
laminar and turbulent flow.
A. Benefits
Co
3. Temperature- 293.15  This reports represents the combine
1 nto
K to 313.15K report on laminar as well as turbulent
ur
flow pattern.
 This reports provide a good idea about
the distribution and flow pattern of
temperature, velocity, and pressure
inside the Elbow mixture.
 This reports provides a complete report
on Elbow mixture and fluid flow
behavior , so that it can be used for a good
design concept.
4. Eddy Viscosity-
1.85*10-14 to B. Final Report
5.272*10-6 Pa The results obtained through the analysis of
Elbow mixture above can be used as reference
for the design of Elbow mixture. This results can
be used for the design for laminar and turbulent
flow both.
Fig. 16 Contour of Velocity,
Pressure, Temperature and Eddy
Viscosity.
55
C. Comparison of laminar and turbulent flow

LAMINAR TURBULENT
1. Mass Flow rate- (Kg/s)
 Pressure Outlet:- -
1.86*10-6 1. Mass Flow rate- (Kg/s)
 Inlet Large:-  Pressure Outlet:- -1.8567*10-6
1.5666*10-6  Inlet Large:- 1.569*10-6
 Inlet Small:-  Inlet Small:- 2.897*10-7
Mass 2.897*10-7 ………………………..
1 Flow  Net Mass Flow- -8.2422*10-
Rate 13
.
….…………………
 Net Mass Flow- - 2. Heat Transfer:-
8.2422*10-13  Net Heat transfer 1.303*10-8
2. Heat Transfer:- W
 Net Heat transfer -
2.352*10-6 W
Velocity- 2.28m/s
Velocity- 2.199m/s
Pressure- -2.167 to 6512.85 Pa
Pressure- --0.128 to 6246.11 Pa

2 Contour
Temperature:- 293.15K-313.15K
Temperature:- 293.15K-313.15K
56
1. Velocity Streamline
Vector
and
3 2. Velocity Vector
Stream
Line
Fig17. Elbow Mixture in different
temperature distribution in the Elbow mixture

X. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION under a specific parameters. The quality of
A number of concept and conclusion can be draw solution mostly depends upon the software used
through the solution obtained above, but we have and parameters selection. In this project we have
made focused on the pressure, velocity and used the parameters obtained from a reputed
57
report files, that have made the project on Elbow

mixture with some other concept and method.
In this project, we have used the ANSYS 14.0
software for analysis, which provides the
solution that is more reliable than the solution
obtained from any other software. At present, all
big organizations, companies are using this
software and their complete function depends
upon this software.
Since we have focused on particular
parameters, so one can study all the parameters
obtained through the analysis of Elbow mixture
for better design concept. Therefore this project
have vast field of research for obtaining a good
result. Future scope for this project becomes high
for a good analytical.
At present time, the research regarding Elbow
mixture doesn’t have a enough number. Only
few research has done for these. Therefore there
is a variety of things that can be used for study in
future.
XI. References
1. CFD and Experimental Study of Fluid

flow through a vertical to horizontal
90elbow bend III three phase flow by
P.L. Spedding, E. Benard *
, N.M. Crawford.
2. CFD Analysis of the Effect of Elbow
Radius on Pressure Drop in Multiphase
Flow by Quamrul H.
MazumderMechanical Engineering,
University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI
48502, USA.
3. CFD Analysis of Elbow mixture by
Ansys Fluent Tutorial guide for tool
practice.
4. Experimental and CFD study of a single

phase cone-shaped helical coiled heat
exchanger: an empirical correlation. By
Daniel Flórez-Orrego, ECOS June 26-29,
2012
5. Mixing method and apparatus utilizing
pipe elbows by US 4410281 A..
58

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ELBOW MIXTURE ANALYSIS

We have analyzed the Elbow mixture in laminar

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis C. Comparison of Results

S.N ANSYS C. Meshing

VI. ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION

VII. LAMINAR FLOW ANALYSIS A. Simpler Solver

The above solution obtained through Simpler

B. Coupled Solver  Net Mass Flow- -

VIII. TURBULENT FLOW ANALYSISI

 Inlet Large:-  Inlet Small:-

IX. APPLICATION AND BENEFITS

C. Comparison of laminar and turbulent flow

Pressure- -2.167 to 6512.85 Pa

Pressure- --0.128 to 6246.11 Pa

temperature distribution in the Elbow mixture

report files, that have made the project on Elbow

1. CFD and Experimental Study of Fluid

4. Experimental and CFD study of a single

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