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    TIMBOL, Maverick D. CE163 A2 QUIZ1 1. Explain The Different Sources of Earthquake. Differentiate Them

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    There are four main sources of earthquakes: 1) Faulting, where cracks in the earth's crust along tectonic plate boundaries cause movement that can result in earthquakes. 2) Subduction, where one tectonic plate sinks under another at a convergent boundary. 3) Trenching, where trenches are formed by geological movement of tectonic plates or erosion. 4) Blocking, where two plates push towards each other. The magnitude and intensity of an earthquake depends on factors like the rupture area and displacement of the fault, the composition of the ground, and distance from the epicenter. Surface waves include Love waves and Rayleigh waves, which have different propagation properties

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    TIMBOL, Maverick D. CE163 A2 QUIZ1 1. Explain The Different Sources of Earthquake. Differentiate Them

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    Mav
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    There are four main sources of earthquakes: 1) Faulting, where cracks in the earth's crust along tectonic plate boundaries cause movement that can result in earthquakes. 2) Subduction, where one tectonic plate sinks under another at a convergent boundary. 3) Trenching, where trenches are formed by geological movement of tectonic plates or erosion. 4) Blocking, where two plates push towards each other. The magnitude and intensity of an earthquake depends on factors like the rupture area and displacement of the fault, the composition of the ground, and distance from the epicenter. Surface waves include Love waves and Rayleigh waves, which have different propagation properties

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    There are four main sources of earthquakes: 1) Faulting, where cracks in the earth's crust along tectonic plate boundaries cause movement that can result in earthquakes. 2) Subduction, where one tectonic plate sinks under another at a convergent boundary. 3) Trenching, where trenches are formed by geological movement of tectonic plates or erosion. 4) Blocking, where two plates push towards each other. The magnitude and intensity of an earthquake depends on factors like the rupture area and displacement of the fault, the composition of the ground, and distance from the epicenter. Surface waves include Love waves and Rayleigh waves, which have different propagation properties

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    TIMBOL, Maverick D. CE163 A2 QUIZ1 1. Explain The Different Sources of Earthquake. Differentiate Them

    Uploaded by

    Mav
    There are four main sources of earthquakes: 1) Faulting, where cracks in the earth's crust along tectonic plate boundaries cause movement that can result in earthquakes. 2) Subduction, where one tectonic plate sinks under another at a convergent boundary. 3) Trenching, where trenches are formed by geological movement of tectonic plates or erosion. 4) Blocking, where two plates push towards each other. The magnitude and intensity of an earthquake depends on factors like the rupture area and displacement of the fault, the composition of the ground, and distance from the epicenter. Surface waves include Love waves and Rayleigh waves, which have different propagation properties

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    TIMBOL, Maverick D.

    CE163 A2 QUIZ1
    1. Explain the different sources of earthquake. Differentiate them.

    a.) FAULTING

    A fault is a crack in the Earth's crust. Typically, faults are


    associated with, or form, the boundaries between Earth's
    tectonic plates. In an active fault, the pieces of the Earth's
    crust along a fault move over time. The moving rocks can
    cause earthquakes. Inactive faults had movement along
    them at one time, but no longer move.

    SOURCE: https://www.windows2universe.org/earth/geology/fault.html

    b.) SUBDUCTION

    Subduction, Latin for "carried under," is a term used for a


    specific type of plate interaction. It happens when one
    lithospheric plate meets another—that is, in convergent
    zones—and the denser plate sinks down into the mantle.
    When two oceanic plates meet, the older plate
    subducts. Once a plate begins to subduct, gravity takes over.
    A descending plate is usually referred to as a "slab." Where
    very old seafloor is being subducted, the slab falls almost
    straight down, and where younger plates are being subducted, the slab descends at a shallow angle.

    Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-subduction-3892831

    c.) TRENCHING

    Some trenches are created as a result of erosion by running


    water or by glaciers (which may have long since disappeared).
    Others, such as rift valleys or more commonly oceanic
    trenches, are created by geological movement of tectonic
    plates.

    SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench

    d.) BLOCKING

    Blocking is wherein two plates are pushing towards each other.


    2. What are the factors that affects the energy of earthquake that we experience?

    The magnitude is dependent on the coefficient of friction in the rock (intrinsic quality), the rupture area
    and the average displacement across the rupture area (how much movement occurs during the
    earthquake). The highest magnitude earthquakes occur only at subduction zones along the shallow
    thrust because there is a greater area that can be ruptured. Strike-slip faults generally produce
    earthquakes with magnitudes lower than the potential at subduction zones.

    The intensity felt from an earthquake is dependent on the distance from the earthquake, the
    composition and structure of the ground that the earthquake waves travel through and at the location
    in question, as well as the earthquake magnitude. Intensity is measured by the Modified Mercalli Scale,
    which assigns intensity by how much damage the earthquake causes at any area.

    SOURCE: https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/measure.php,
    https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/mag_vs_int.php

    3) What are the surface waves of Earthquake and its corresponding effect to the structure?

    Of the two surface seismic waves, Love waves—named after the British seismologist A.E.H. Love, who
    first predicted their existence—travel faster. They are propagated when the solid medium near the
    surface has varying vertical elastic properties. The energy of Love waves, like that of other surface
    waves, spreads from the source in two directions rather than in three, and so these waves produce a
    strong record at seismic stations even when originating from distant earthquakes. The other principal
    surface waves are called Rayleigh waves after the British physicist Lord Rayleigh, who first
    mathematically demonstrated their existence. Rayleigh waves travel along the free surface of an elastic
    solid such as the Earth. Their motion is a combination of longitudinal compression and dilation that
    results in an elliptical motion of points on the surface.

    SOURCE: https://www.britannica.com/science/seismic-wave#ref275178

    PROBLEM SOLVING [Draw the resulting equation of motion displacement (m) versus time (sec)]
    A mass of 300 kg from an earthquake prone site is analyzed to determine the nature of horizontal
    motion. Based on laboratory testing, it is found out that the damping constant is 3000 kg/s and the
    stiffness is 7.5 kN/m. Ironically, when in the field, the soil stiffness is only 1.6 kN/m based on the test.
    On the same field test, it was also found out that earthquake will initially generate a displacement of
    0.25 m and velocity of -5 m/s If the earthquake is assumed to be free when generated,
    A. Considering undamped motion,
    1. What is the equation of motion based on lab test results?
    2. What is the equation of motion based on field test results?
    B. Considering damped motion,
    3. What is the equation of motion based on lab test results?
    4. What is the equation of motion based on field test results?
    ANSWER:

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