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    06 Water A Global Crisis

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    Trixie cabuco
    The document discusses the global water crisis and its causes. It notes that over 1 billion people lack access to clean water due to factors like climate, inadequate sanitation, pollution, and lack of infrastructure. Solutions proposed include engineering approaches like desalination and water recycling, governance reforms, and education programs. Mitigating the crisis requires action in all three areas to ensure access to clean water, a basic human right.

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    06 Water A Global Crisis

    Uploaded by

    Trixie cabuco
    52 views35 pages
    The document discusses the global water crisis and its causes. It notes that over 1 billion people lack access to clean water due to factors like climate, inadequate sanitation, pollution, and lack of infrastructure. Solutions proposed include engineering approaches like desalination and water recycling, governance reforms, and education programs. Mitigating the crisis requires action in all three areas to ensure access to clean water, a basic human right.

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    06 Water a Global Crisis

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    The document discusses the global water crisis and its causes. It notes that over 1 billion people lack access to clean water due to factors like climate, inadequate sanitation, pollution, and lack of infrastructure. Solutions proposed include engineering approaches like desalination and water recycling, governance reforms, and education programs. Mitigating the crisis requires action in all three areas to ensure access to clean water, a basic human right.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views35 pages

    06 Water A Global Crisis

    Uploaded by

    Trixie cabuco
    The document discusses the global water crisis and its causes. It notes that over 1 billion people lack access to clean water due to factors like climate, inadequate sanitation, pollution, and lack of infrastructure. Solutions proposed include engineering approaches like desalination and water recycling, governance reforms, and education programs. Mitigating the crisis requires action in all three areas to ensure access to clean water, a basic human right.

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    of 35

    Introduction: Global

    Water Crisis

    Global Connect
    H2Outreach at UCI
    Fall 2017
    Why is clean water important?
    Average American Household Water Usage
    6%
    Outdoor
    8%

    30% Toilet

    12% Shower

    Clothes Washer

    13% Faucets

    17% Leaks

    14%
    Other
    What is Access to
    Water?

    We Have a Human
    Right to Water and
    Sanitation
    Understanding Water
    Resources
    The Water Cycle & Water Availability
    http://www.eschooltoday.com/water-cycle/the-water-cycle.html
    http://www.eschooltoday.com/water-cycle/the-water-cycle.html
    World Water Distribution
    Population
    growth leads to
    greater demand
    for resources

    http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2006/09/picture.htm
    Water Stress Worldwide

    Map of Water Stress World-Wide, (BBC News, September 2010), http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11435522


    Causes for Lack of Access to
    Clean Water

    ● Climate and Geography


    ● Lack of Water Systems and Infrastructure
    ● Inadequate Sanitation
    ● Pollution
    ● Political Instability and War
    Climate and Geography: Distribution
    Water is unequally
    distributed spatially
    and temporally.

    Most of CA’s
    population is in areas
    of lower precipitation,
    but typically rich in
    groundwater.
    Climate and Geography:
    Groundwater
    ● Groundwater is a vital water storage
    resource A man in India mines groundwater instead of

    ● We are pumping http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/201


    farming

    2/12/121218-grabbing-water-from-future-

    out groundwater generations/

    faster than it can


    be replenished
    (overdraft).

    Subsidence in the Central Valley


    http://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwlandsubside.html
    Climate and Geography:
    Impacts of Climate Change
    ● Unpredictable weather i.e. dry
    areas get drier, wet areas get
    wetter.
    ● Higher temperatures mean more
    evaporation, less snowpack, and
    earlier snowmelt.
    ● Extreme weather events damage
    infrastructure and contaminate
    and disrupt water supplies.
    Climate and Geography: Effects of
    Climate Change
    Lack of Water Systems and Infrastructure
    1.1 billion people do not have access to improved water sources

    Mali http://www.wateraid.org/where-we-work/page/mali
    Inadequate Sanitation
    ● 2.4 billion people have no basic
    sanitation
    ● Bacteria, viruses, and parasites
    spread through contaminated
    water
    ● Diarrhea kills 2.2 million globally
    per year (among the top 10
    causes of death)

    An alley in Kenya
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Kenya
    Water Quality & Pollution
    ● Population growth
    ● Lack of regulations
    ● Chemicals
    ○ Industry
    ○ Trash/road pollution
    ○ Lack of sanitation
    ○ Agriculture
    ● Environmental
    Urban Pollution in Zhugao,
    China
    http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/world/asi
    a/10pollute.html?_r=0
    degradation
    “Giant Toilets You’re Unable to Flush”

    After the devastating floods from Hurricanes


    Harvey and Irma, we’re hearing a lot about the
    houses and other structures that have been
    destroyed. But what if your house was flooded
    and is salvageable? It’s not only water you’re
    dealing with—which would be bad enough—but
    also the many toxins and pathogens it carries.

    Janice Kaspersen Forester Daily News Sept 19 2017

    http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rio-olympics-2016-severe-water-
    pollution-clouds-games/
    Flooding in Houston
    after Hurricane Harvey
    (Photo: David J.
    http://qz.com/449330/photos-chinese-
    Phillip, AP)
    beachgoers-dive-into-waves-of-mysterious-algae/
    Political Instability & War
    Malaysia & Singapore Israeli-Palestine Conflict

    5 NEWater
    Reclamation
    Plants in
    Singapore
    http://www.pub.gov.sg/

    Gaza Strip
    http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.611677
    Impacts of Clean Water and Sanitation

    #3 Good Health and Well-Being #14 Life Below Water


    #4 Quality Education #15 Life on Land
    #5 Gender Equality
    http://thewaterproject.org/
    3 Methods to Mitigate & Solve Lack
    of Access to Water

    Engineering Governance & Regulations


    (Technology) (Policy)

    Education & Outreach


    Education and Outreach
    ● Educate individuals who
    don’t have access to
    water about household
    water treatment
    ● Public awareness
    campaigns i.e. for SODIS in Indonesia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_water_disinfection
    conservation

    http://www.scpr.org/news
    Governance & Regulations
    ● Rebates and Incentives
    ● Water use restrictions
    ● U.S.A & Mexico
    hydrological boundaries ≠ political boundaries

    http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/research/c
    ase_studies/US_Mexico_Aquifer_New.htm
    Governance & Regulations
    • Nile Basin Initiative
    -agreement to develop along the
    Nile sustainably
    • Reseach Funding
    -influences technology
    advancement

    http://www.africanwater.org/nile.htm
    Engineering Solutions: Water Supply
    Desalination Pipelines and Aqueducts (transfers)

    Rainwater Harvesting Water Recycling/Reclamation


    Engineering Solutions
    Desalination removes salt from seawater to
    make drinking water
    • Expensive
    • Energy-intensive if
    stand alone
    • Public opinion

    Desalination plant
    (Victoria, Australia)
    Engineering Solutions
    Pipelines and aqueducts move water over long
    distances
    • Heavy infrastructure
    • Energy for water transport
    • Water rights
    • Unreliability: earthquakes and
    climate change

    California Aqueduct
    (moves water from northern CA to southern CA)
    Engineering Solutions
    Water recycling treats wastewater for non-potable reuse
    e.g. irrigation
    Water reclamation treats wastewater for potable reuse
    • Moderately Expensive
    • Reclamation requires
    additional energy
    • Public opinion

    Orange County Groundwater


    Replenishment System
    Engineering Solutions
    Rainwater harvesting captures water during rainstorms to
    use during dry weather
    Rainwater tank in Ghana
    • Low cost
    • Small scale
    • Individuals must maintain
    • Rain is not always reliable
    • Low energy
    Engineering Solutions
    Stormwater treatment and harvesting with a biofilter

    Biofilter in New Zealand


    Summary
    1. Importance of clean water
    2. Problems & causes of global crisis
    ● Climate and geography
    ● Inadequate sanitation
    ● Pollution
    ● Political instability and war
    ● Lack of water systems and infrastructure
    3. Possible Solutions
    ● Engineering
    ● Education
    ● Governance & Regulations
    Thank you!

    Questions?

    Contact: h2outreach@uci.edu
    Resources
    1. United Nations Environment Programme:
    http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/rubrique2.html
    2. World Heath Organization:
    http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resources/en/

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