Air Flow Velocity Measurement Using Point Static Tube

Duhok Polytechnic University
Technical College of Engineering

Petrochemical Engineering Department
Title of Experiment:
Air flow velocity measurement using point static tube

Student name:
Ahmad Tahseen Hamid
Class:
Date Expt. Performed:
9/5/2017
Date Report Submitted
24/5/2017
EXPERIMENT 4
Air flow velocity measurement using point static tube
Objective:
The aim of the experiment is to measure the air flow velocity from the
distribution of total pressure (Ptot) and static pressure (Pstat) along a
convergent.
Theory :
The basic pitot tube consists of a tube pointing directly into the fluid
flow. As this tube contains fluid, a pressure can be measured; the
moving fluid is brought to rest (stagnates) as there is no outlet to allow
flow to continue. This pressure is the stagnation pressure of the fluid,
also known as the total pressure or (particularly in aviation) the pitot
pressure.
The measured stagnation pressure cannot itself be used to determine

the fluid flow velocity (airspeed in aviation). However, Bernoulli's
equation states:
Stagnation pressure = static pressure + dynamic pressure
Which can also be written
Solving that for flow velocity:
NOTE: The above equation applies only to fluids that can be treated as
incompressible. Liquids are treated as incompressible under almost all
conditions. Gases under certain conditions can be approximated as
incompressible. See Compressibility.
The dynamic pressure, then, is the difference between the stagnation
pressure and the static pressure. The dynamic pressure is then
determined using a diaphragm inside an enclosed container. If the air on
one side of the diaphragm is at the static pressure, and the other at the
stagnation pressure, then the deflection of the diaphragm is
proportional to the dynamic pressure.
In aircraft, the static pressure is generally measured using the static

ports on the side of the fuselage. The dynamic pressure measured can
be used to determine the indicated airspeed of the aircraft. The
diaphragm arrangement described above is typically contained within
the airspeed indicator, which converts the dynamic pressure to an
airspeed reading by means of mechanical levers.
Instead of separate pitot and static ports, a pitot-static tube (also called
a Prandtl tube) may be employed, which has a second tube coaxial with
the pitot tube with holes on the sides, outside the direct airflow, to
measure the static pressure.[4]
Therefore,
Discussion:
1.What does a pitot tube measure?
It is widely used to determine the airspeed of an aircraft, water speed of

a boat, and to measure liquid, air and gas flow velocities in industrial
applications. The pitot tube is used to measure the local flow velocity at
a given point in the flow stream and not the average flow velocity in the
pipe or conduit
2.How does a pitot static tube work?
The pitot-static system of instruments uses the principle of air pressure

gradient. It works by measuring pressures or pressure differences and
using these values to assess the speed and altitude. These pressures can
be measured either from the static port (static pressure) or the pitot
tube (pitot pressure).
3.How do you measure air velocity?
By multiplying air velocity by the cross section area of a duct, you can
determine the air volume flowing past a point in the duct per unit of
time. Volume flow is usually measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM)
4.How do you measure pressure?
The SI unit for pressure is the Pascal (N/m2), but other common units of
pressure include pounds per square inch (PSI), atmospheres (atm), bars,
inches of mercury (in Hg), and millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). A
pressure measurement can be described as either static or dynamic
5. what is the relationship between static pressure and total pressure

in thus experiment?
P total – P static =P dynamic
6. Is the flow velocity gradient is the same at each cross-section area?
No flow velocity gradient variable convergent- throat – divergent

section.
8.is the stagnation pressure constant along the duck section?
Yes stagnation pressure is constant.

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Duhok Polytechnic University

Technical College of Engineering

Air flow velocity measurement using point static tube

Ahmad Tahseen Hamid

Date Expt. Performed:

Date Report Submitted

The measured stagnation pressure cannot itself be used to determine

Stagnation pressure = static pressure + dynamic pressure

Which can also be written

Solving that for flow velocity:

In aircraft, the static pressure is generally measured using the static

It is widely used to determine the airspeed of an aircraft, water speed of

2.How does a pitot static tube work?

The pitot-static system of instruments uses the principle of air pressure

3.How do you measure air velocity?

4.How do you measure pressure?

5. what is the relationship between static pressure and total pressure

P total – P static =P dynamic

6. Is the flow velocity gradient is the same at each cross-section area?

No flow velocity gradient variable convergent- throat – divergent

8.is the stagnation pressure constant along the duck section?

Yes stagnation pressure is constant.

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