APPLICATION

NOTE 2

DC Decoupling/AC Grounding Of Electrical

Equipment In Cathodically Protected Systems
Introduction an insulated flange on each side of the motor operator so
DC decoupling and simultaneous AC grounding of elec- the motor could be grounded to electrical system ground
trical equipment in cathodically protected (CP) systems without affecting CP voltage levels. A bonding jumper
can be accomplished while remaining in compliance with was then placed around the motor operator to provide CP
electric codes and without any effect on CP voltage levels. continuity for the pipeline. Now, a motor operator can
This can be accomplished by grounding the equipment be grounded through an appropriately listed decoupling
through a solid-state decoupling device that has been device, insulated joints are not required, and CP voltage
third party listed to the applicable code requirements. In levels are not affected. This application is shown in Figure
addition, an entire facility can be DC decoupled from the 1.
power company grounding system using similar methods. Instead of isolating one or several pieces of electrical
In the U.S., the applicable code is the National Electrical equipment, the entire facility can be decoupled from the
Code (NFPA 70). The sections of the code that apply are power company grounds, as shown in Figure 2 . This
Section 250.2 which defines the requirement for "an effec- schematic shows user-implemented decoupling that can
tive [AC] grounding path," and Section 250.6(E), which be employed for pipeline or tank facilities, underground
allows the use of a listed decouping device for "blocking metal vaults with electrical equipment, or any facility that
the flow of objectionable DC current from cathodic pro- requires improvement in cathodic protection due to the
tection systems." Section 250.6(E) is a new section in the effects of AC power grounding connections.
code starting with the 1999 edition. For Canada, the prod- Although these two schematics show a single-phase ser-
ucts must be certified as meeting the "effective grounding vice, the same guidelines apply to commonly used three-
path requirements" per Canadian codes, CSA Standard phase services.
C22.2 No. 0.4-M1996 using Canadian Electric Code Part
1, Section 10-500 as a guide. Other countries have similar Products
codes.
The products predominantly used in this application are
If the installation location is also defined as a hazardous the DEI models PCR and SSD which can be used in
location as defined in NFPA 70, Sections 500-505, then ordinary, Division 2, or Zone 2 hazardous locations, and
products must also be third-party listed for the applicable are UL and C-UL listed and CE marked. In Division
hazardous location. (A reference that clarifies hazardous 1 locations, use the model PCRH, which is UL and
locations, as defined by NFPA 70, is an American Gas C-UL ­listed. All products are UL and C-UL listed as an
Association article entitled "Classification of Gas Utility "effective grounding path" in compliance with the US and
Areas for Electrical Installations, XF0277.") Other coun- Canadian electrical codes mentioned above.
tries have similar codes to define hazardous locations.
Product Ratings
Typical Application After selecting a product it is necessary to select the appro-
priate ratings for that product. The key rating is the AC
A typical application is that of grounding an electric
fault current capability for the product. The product fault
motor operated valve in a cathodically protected pipeline.
current rating must encompass the available fault current
Previously, to comply with code, it was necessary to install

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for its time duration. The fault current of interest is the in NACE Standard RP0177-2000. Third, select a prod-
fault current that would flow in the grounding conductor uct rating that meets or exceeds the conductor ampacity.
of the equipment to be grounded through a decoupling The DEI catalog provides the fault current capability
device as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 in the event of a for all products at 1, 3, 10, and 30 cycles. Most fault
fault. conditions are cleared within several cycles.
The fault current rating required can be determined by one
of the following methods.

1. The most conservative method is to determine the max-

imum fault current that is available at the transformer
terminals. This method is suggested if the electrical
equipment is very close to the transformer. All of the
information required to calculate the fault current is on
the transformer nameplate or available from the power
utility.
First, determine the "Secondary Full Load Current"
(IFL) for the transformer using one of the following for-
mulas:
(I FL) = Single-phase kVA / kV Secondary
(For a ­single-phase service)
or
I FL = Three-phase kVA / √3 kV Secondary
(For a three-phase service)
(Note: “kV Secondary” is the phase-to-phase v­ oltage
expressed in kV)

Second, determine the available AC Fault Current

(IAC FAULT) at the transformer terminals as follows:
IAC FAULT = [I FL / % Transformer Impedance] x 100

In applications where there is a considerable length of

conductor to the load, the available fault current will be
reduced significantly from the worst case value at the
transformer. It is reasonable to assume that most faults
will be cleared within 3 to 10 cycles.
2. An alternate method is to select a fault current rating
based on the circuit breaker clearing curve, if known.
Select a product rating in which the fault current capa-
bility for a given time exceeds the current/time clearing
curve for the breaker.
3. A third method is to select a product fault current rating
that equals or exceeds that fault current carrying capa-
bility of the wiring to the electrical load. First, deter-
mine the grounding conductor size and material type.
Second, look up the fault current ampacity. For copper
conductors this information is shown in Figures 2 and 3

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FIGURE 1   Typical installation to provide DC decoupling and AC grounding for
cathodically protected structures containing electrical equipment

Cathodically protected structure containing

electrical equipment (e.g., pipeline with motor
Remove metal conduit operated valve, storage tank with pumps, lights,
Install PVC conduit etc.)
If not feasible, see Fig. 2
Main
Meter Service
Socket Panel
Conduit
Phase
Phase
Neutral

Neutral Bus
Neutral Bus Ground All equipment grounds
(Only present at Main connected to grounding
Service Panel - Not at conductor.
any sub-panels.)
(+) (-)
Decoupler Grounding Conductor
Grounding Bus (Notes 1, 2, 3)
Ground
Rod

Remove metal conduit

Install PVC conduit
If not feasible, see Fig. 2

To
Acceptable Alternative Grounding
(Otherwise same as above) Bus
All equipment grounds
connected to decoupler
(+) (-) as shown.
Decoupler
(Notes 2, 3)

Notes:
1. Decoupler = PCR or SSD models by Dairyland. UL listed per NFPA 70, Article 250.2, 250.4(A)(5), 250.6(E)
and 500-505. All decoupler models Canadian Standards Association (CSA) certified per section 10
-500. All decouplers listed for use in Ordinary and Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations.
2. Observe polarity marks when installing the decoupler if polarity marks are provided
.
3. Do not install the decoupler in series with the secondary neutral. This is not allowed per electric codes.
4. After installation, temporarily remove the (+) conductor at the decoupler and test to assure that there is no
electrical continuity between the (-) terminal and the neutral bus in the main service panel. Then
reattach the (+) decoupler conductor. (Note, if continuity exists in the above test and the facility has
telephone service,contact the local phone company as they often have a parallel connection between
the power utility grounding system and a users grounding system that can be interrupted.
5. If there is any question as to proper installation procedures for a given application, call Dairyland for
assistance.

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FIGURE 2    User-implemented decoupling of an entire facility
from the power company grounding system

Cathodically protected structure containing

electrical equipment (e.g., pipeline with motor
Main operated valve, storage tank with pumps, lights,
Service etc.)
Meter
Socket Panel
Conduit Conduit
Phase
Phase
Neutral

Remove metal conduit

Install PVC conduit All equipment grounds
If not feasible, see Fig. 1 connected to grounding
conductor.
(+) (-)
Decoupler
(Notes 2, 3, 4) Grounding Conductor

Ground Neutral Bus

Rod Note 1

Grounding Bus

Notes:
1. The screw in the neutral bus must be removed so that the neutral bus is only connected to the ground
bus and the service panel enclosure through the decoupler. This installation procedure only applies for
decoupling at the main service panel.
2. Decoupler = PCR or SSD models by Dairyland. UL listed per NFPA 70, Article 250.2, 250.4(A)(5), 250.6(E)
and 500-505. All decoupler models Canadian Standards Association (CSA) certified per section 10
-500. All decouplers listed for use in Ordinary and Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations.
3. Observe polarity marks when installing the decoupler if polarity marks are provided.
4. Do not install the decoupler in series with the secondary neutral. This is not allowed per electric codes.
5. After installation, temporarily remove the (+) conductor at the decoupler and test to assure that there is no
electrical continuity between the (-) terminal and the neutral bus in the service panel. Then reattach
the (+) decoupler conductor. (Note, if continuity exists in the above test and the facility has telephone
service, contact the local phone company as they often have a parallel connection between the
power utility grounding system and a users grounding system that can be interrupted.)
6. If there is any question as to proper installation procedures for a given application, call Dairyland for
assistance.

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