SYNOPSIS

The project entitled as “APARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is developed

for the complete management of the details about the apartments and resident’s data. This
project helps to keep track of daily transaction in electronic manner which saves lot of
resources like energy, time and money. This application software is meant for easy and quick
processing of resident details and the payments that are done by them.
In the system, the details of the individual records of the residents are entered
separately and the expenses that are to be paid by residents are calculated automatically
within fraction of a second. The monthly expenses are calculated automatically for each
resident which can save time and less employees needed for working.
Once the project is developed and implemented we will be able to keep track of the
increasing resident’s database. This database will help them to find out the regarding details
of the available blocks, flats, details of residents, installment paid, expenses that is to be paid
by the residents.
 CHAPTER -1

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

In the existing system all references are done manually. Data to be stored in hand written
format. All the calculation to be performed takes lot of time. There is a probability for
occurring mistakes during the calculation for providing the expenditure which is to be paid by
resident. It causes difficulty in finding manually each residents detail and recording whether
the expenses are paid or unpaid monthly any balance due is there.

PROJECT OVERVIEW

The project entitled as “APARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is mainly

developed for the overall management of the apartment details and resident’s database. This
project enables to keep records of daily transaction in electronic manner which saves lot of
energy, time and money. This application software meant for easy and quick processing of
residents details and payments done by them.
In proposed system, the details of the individual records are entered separately and
calculate the expenses that are to be paid by them. The monthly expenses are calculated
automatically for each resident which can save time and less staff need for working.
After the implementation of this project we will be able to keep track of their
increasing resident’s database. This database will help them to find out the regarding details
of the available blocks, flats, details of residents, installment paid, expenses that is to be meet
by residents. In future, there is no probability to miss out any important data related to the
details of apartment and the residents, which are very valuable for them by reducing the
complexity.

MODULES

 APARTMENT DETAIL
o The apartment detail module deals with details of apartment. It consist the
name of the apartment, location, area, facility available in apartment and the
details of the owner. It gives an overall view of the apartment. It shows the
amount of expenses to be paid by residents every month.
 GENERAL EXPENSES

o In the general expense details, the one month expense details is allowed to
store in th centralized database which includes the security charge, vehicles
parking, club membership, health club, cleaning and sweage disposal, water
charge, lift charge and every two months expense details such as walking
track,swimming pool, play ground, lightining, celebration. These details are
allowed to store in the centralized database.

 BLOCK LEVEL
o The block details records the number of blocks available in the apartment. It
shows the floor levels in each block, area of the block as well as, flats
available in each floor. It indicates the details of the flat such as unit type, cost
estimation and market value, orientation etc.

 FLOOR LEVEL
o In the floor level details, it includes the floor id, floor name, block and the
units. These details are allowed to store in the centralized database.

 RESIDENT
o The resident module deals with the details of resident. There are two kind of
resident they are owner and tenant. The resident is a tenant then rent, advance
paid and agreement detail is recorded. The allocation details of the resident are
recorded so that the history of residents would be tracked.

 PAYMENTS
o The payment module contains rent and expenses, maintenance expense and
installments detail. The rent and expenses is to be paid by all the residents
monthly and rent would be paid by only those who are tenant. Maintenance
expense is not to be paid monthly is to be done when necessary. The payment
details of owner of flat will be indicated in installment, which shows the
various stages of their payment from the initial booking of flat.
  REPORT
o Other Expense
o Apartmant Details
o Rent Expense Report
o Apartment Maintenance

1.2 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION

 Processors will continue to get faster, smaller and cheaper, whereas memory will
continue to get faster, larger and cheaper. The trend except to have a reasonable memory
to a powerful processor.

Processor : Intel Dual Core Processor

Ram : 1 GB RAM
Hard Drive : 160 GB
Monitor : 17 INCHES
Keyboard : 104 keys
Mouse : Logitech Optical Mouse

1.3 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION

When an application project is considered the three basic software requirements are
the platform in which the project is developed, the front-end tool that provides the interaction
with the users and the back-end tool that stores the data.

Operating System : Windows XP

Front-end : Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0
Back-End : MS SQL Server 2008

1.4 2 PLATFORM AND SOFTWARE JUSTIFICATION

WINDOWS 8

Windows 8 is a personal computer operating system developed the Windows

NT family of operating systems. Development of Windows 8 started before the release of its
predecessor, Windows 7, in 2009. It was announced at CES 2011, and followed by the
release of three pre-release versions from September 2011 to May 2012. The operating
system was released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012, and was released for general
availability on October 26, 2012.
Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user
interface to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows was now by Microsoft as
part of competing with mobile operating systems, including Android and iOS.[8] In
particular, these changes included a touch-optimized Windows shell based on
Microsoft's "Metro" design language, the Start screen (which displays programs and
dynamically updated content on a grid of tiles), a new platform for developing apps with an
emphasis on touchscreen input, integration with online services (including the ability to sync
apps and settings between devices), and Windows Store, an online store for downloading and
purchasing new software. Windows 8 added support for USB 3.0, Advanced Format hard
drives,near field communications, and cloud computing. Additional security features were
introduced, such as built-in antivirus software, integration with Microsoft
SmartScreen phishing filtering service and support for UEFI Secure Boot on supported
devices with UEFI firmware, to prevent malware from infecting the boot process.
Windows 8 was released to a mixed reception. Although reaction towards its
performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen
devices was positive, the new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for
being potentially confusing and difficult to learn (especially when used with a keyboard and
mouse instead of a touchscreen). Despite these shortcomings, 60 million Windows 8 licenses
have been sold through January 2013, a number which included both upgrades and sales
to OEMs for new PCs
On October 17, 2013, Microsoft released Windows 8.1. It addresses some aspects of
Windows 8 that were criticized by reviewers and early adopters and incorporates additional
improvements to various aspects of the operating system.
Features
 New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup
through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the
Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a
clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versions of
Windows (known as Windows To Go). Windows 8 also adds native support for USB
3.0 devices, which allow for faster data transfers and improved power management with
compatible devices, and hard disk 4KB Advanced Format support, as well as support for near
field communication to facilitate sharing and communication between devices.
Windows Explorer, which has been renamed File Explorer, now includes a ribbon in
place of the command bar. File operation dialog boxes have been updated to provide more
detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to
manage conflicts when copying files.[65] A new "File History" function allows incremental
revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage
device,[66] while Storage SMaintenances allows users to combine different sized hard disks
into virtual drives and specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis.
Task Manager has been redesigned, including a new processes tab with the option to
display fewer or more details of running applications and background processes, a heat map
using different colors indicating the level of resource usage, network and disk counters,
grouping by process type (e.g. applications, background processes and Windows processes),
friendly names for processes and a new option which allows users to search the web to find
information about obscure processes. Additionally, the Blue Screen of Death has been
updated with a simpler and modern design with less technical information displayed.

Safety and security

New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored
towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords),[71] the addition of antivirus capabilities
to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security
Essentials). SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental
controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device
with activity reports and safety controls. Windows 8 also provides integrated system
recovery through the new "Refresh" and "Reset" functions, including system recovery from
USB drive.[78] Windows 8's first security patches would be released on November 13, 2012; it
would contain three fixes deemed "critical" by the company.
 Windows 8 supports a feature of the UEFI specification known as "Secure boot",
which uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system and
prevent unauthorized programs such asbootkits from infecting the device's boot
process. Certified Windows 8 devices must have secure boot enabled by default, and provide
ways for users to disable or re-configure the feature. ARM-basedWindows RT devices must
have secure boot permanently enabled.
Online services and functionality
Windows 8 provides heavier integration with online services from Microsoft and
others. A user can now log in to Windows with a Microsoft account, which can be used to
access services and synchronizeapplications and settings between devices. Windows 8 also
ships with a client app for Microsoft's SkyDrive cloud storage service, which also allows
apps to save files directly to SkyDrive. A SkyDrive client for the desktop and File Explorer is
not included in Windows 8, and must be downloaded separately.[84] Bundled multimedia apps
are provided under the Xbox brand, including Xbox Music, Xbox Video, and theXbox
SmartGlass companion for use with an Xbox 360 console. Games can integrate into an Xbox
Live hub app, which also allows users to view their profile and gamerscore.[85] Other bundled
apps provide the ability to link Flickr and Facebook
Internet Explorer 10 is included as both a desktop program and a touch-optimized
app, and includes increased support for HTML5, CSS3, and hardware acceleration. The
Internet Explorer app does not support plugins or ActiveX components, but includes a
version of Adobe Flash Player that is optimized for touch and low power usage. Initially,
Adobe Flash would only work on sites included on a "Compatibility View" whitelist;
however, after feedback from users and additional compatibility tests, an update in March
2013 changed this behavior to use a smaller blacklist of sites with known compatibility issues
instead, allowing Flash to be used on most sites by default.[87] The desktop version does not
contain these limitations.
Windows 8 also incorporates improved support for mobile broadband; the operating
system can now detect the insertion of a SIM card and automatically configure connection
settings (including APNs and carrier branding), track and reduce bandwidth use on metered
networks. Windows 8 also adds an integrated airplane mode setting to globally disable all
wireless connectivity as well. Carriers can also offer account management systems through
Windows Store apps, which can be automatically installed as a part of the connection process
and offer usage statistics on their respective tile.
 LANGUAGE

FRONT END – VISUAL BASIC

Visual Basic (VB) is the third-generation event-driven programming language

and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM
programming model. Visual Basic is relatively easy to learn and use.[1][2]

Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development
(RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data
Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX
controls and objects. Scripting languages such as VBA and VBScript are syntactically
similar to Visual Basic, but perform differently.[3]

A programmer can put together an application using the components provided with
isual Basic itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, but
doing so requires external function declarations.

The final release was version 6 in 1998. Microsoft's extended support ended in March
2008 and the designated successor was Visual Basic .NET (now known simply as Visual
Basic).

SQL SERVER 2008:

Database management system (DBMS) consists of a collection of interrelated data
and a set of programs to access those data. The collection of data is known as database,
which contains information about one particular enterprise. The primary goal of DBMS is to
provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use in retrieving and storing
database information.
A major purpose of database system is to provide users with an abstract view of the
data. A database system provides two different types of languages. They are, Database
Definition Language, which is used to specify the database schema, and the Data
Manipulation Language, is used to express database queries and updates.
 A Relational database consists of collection of tables, each of which is assigned a
unique name. A row in a table represents a relationship among a set of values. SQL
(Structured Query Language) is the standard relational database language.
The language has different parts such as, data definition language (DDL), Interactive
data manipulation language (DML), Embedded DML, view definition, Authorization,
Integrity, Transaction control. The basic structure of an SQL expression consists of three
clauses: select, from and where.
Separating the data into several tables has a number of advantages. One is that it
allows to use the access security features the restrict access to certain type of data using
multiple tables; it also avoids storing empty, meaning no fields in the tables.
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by
Microsoft. As a database, it is a software product whose primary function is to store and
retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or
those running on another computer across a network (including the Internet). There are at
least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server aimed at different audiences and for
workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing
applications with many concurrent users. Its primary query languages are T-SQL and ANSI
SQL.
SQL Server 2008 (formerly codenamed "Katmai") was released on August 6, 2008
and aims to make data management self-tuning, self organizing, and self maintaining with the
development of SQL Server Always On technologies, to provide near-zero downtime. SQL
Server 2008 also includes support for structured and semi-structured data, including digital
media formats for pictures, audio, video and other multimedia data. In current versions, such
multimedia data can be stored as BLOBs (binary large objects), but they are generic
bitstreams. Intrinsic awareness of multimedia data will allow specialized functions to be
performed on them. According to Paul Flessner, senior Vice President, Server Applications,
Microsoft Corp., SQL Server 2008 can be a data storage backend for different varieties of
data: XML, email, time/calendar, file, document, spatial, etc as well as perform search, query,
analysis, sharing, and synchronization across all data types.
Other new data types include specialized date and time types and a Spatial data type
for location-dependent data. Better support for unstructured and semi-structured data is
provided using the new FILESTREAM data type, which can be used to reference any file
stored on the file system. Structured data and metadata about the file is stored in SQL Server
database, whereas the unstructured component is stored in the file system. Such files can be
accessed both via Win32 file handling APIs as well as via SQL Server using T-SQL; doing
the latter accesses the file data as a BLOB. Backing up and restoring the database backs up or
restores the referenced files as well.[18] SQL Server 2008 also natively supports hierarchical
data, and includes T-SQL constructs to directly deal with them, without using recursive
queries.
The Full-text search functionality has been integrated with the database engine.
According to a Microsoft technical article, this simplifies management and improves
performance. Spatial data will be stored in two types. A "Flat Earth" (GEOMETRY or
planar) data type represents geospatial data which has been projected from its native,
spherical, coordinate system into a plane. A "Round Earth" data type (GEOGRAPHY) uses
an ellipsoidal model in which the Earth is defined as a single continuous entity which does
not suffer from the singularities such as the international dateline, poles, or map projection
zone "edges". Approximately 70 methods are available to represent spatial operations for the
Open Geospatial Consortium Simple Features for SQL, Version 1.1.
SQL Server includes better compression features, which also helps in improving
scalability. It enhanced the indexing algorithms and introduced the notion of filtered indexes.
It also includes Resource Governor that allows reserving resources for certain users or
workflows. It also includes capabilities for transparent encryption of data (TDE) as well as
compression of backups. SQL Server 2008 supports the ADO.NET Entity Framework and the
reporting tools, replication, and data definition will be built around the Entity Data Model.
SQL Server Reporting Services will gain charting capabilities from the integration of the data
visualization products from Dundas Data Visualization, Inc., which was acquired by
Microsoft. On the management side, SQL Server 2008 includes the Declarative Management
Framework which allows configuring policies and constraints, on the entire database or
certain tables, declaratively. The version of SQL Server Management Studio included with
SQL Server 2008 supports IntelliSense for SQL queries against a SQL Server 2008 Database
Engine. SQL Server 2008 also makes the databases available via Windows PowerShell
providers and management functionality available as Cmdlets, so that the server and all the
running instances can be managed from Windows PowerShell.
The final SQL Server 2008 service pack (10.00.6000, Service Pack 4) was released on
September 30, 2014.
 CHAPTER - 2

2. SYSTEM STUDY

It is the most creative and challenging phase of the system life cycle. The analysis phase
is used to design the logical model of the system whereas the design phase is used to design
the physical model.
Many things are to be done in this phase .we began the designing process by
identifying forms, reports and the other outputs the system will produce. Then the specify
data on each were pinpointed. we sketched the forms or say, the displays, as expected to
appear, on paper, so it serves as model for the project to began finally we design the form on
computer display, using one of the automated system design tool, that is VB 6.0 and SQL
Server as back end tool.
After the forms were designed, the next step was to specify the data to be inputted,
calculated and stored individual data items and calculation procedure were written in detail.
File structure such as paper files were selected the procedures were written so as how to
process the data and procedures the output during the programming phase. The documents
were design ion the form of charts.
Output design means what should be the format for presenting the results. It should be
in most convenient and attractive format for the user. The input design deals with what
should be the input to the system and thus prepare the input format. File design deals with
how the data has to be stored on physical devices. Process design includes the description of
the procedure for carrying out operations on the given data.
2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

In the existing system all references are done manually. Data to be stored in hand
written format. All the calculation to be performed takes lot of time. There is a probability for
occurring mistakes during the calculation for providing the expenditure which is to be paid by
resident. It causes difficulty in finding manually each residents detail and recording whether
the expenses are paid or unpaid monthly any balance due is there etc. The major drawbacks
of the existing system are as follows

2.1.1 DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

 It takes more time.
 It is very tedious.
 All the information is not placed separately.
 Lot of paper works.
 Not user – friendly environment.
 It is difficult to found records.
 Fragmentation of data and processing.
 Data losses are possible and data can be modified by anyone.
 Data scattered in many places, which make difficult to, maintain data.

In the existing system, the details of the customers are collected manually and are
later filled in Microsoft Excel Worksheets. In manual system there is lots of customer for
these efforts and also keep a large set of files to solve this problem we thus proposed a
computerization of the system. As and when the organization get new clients, their details are
added to the sheet. There is a chance of missing the contract renewal and payment dates. It
may lead to confuse when applied with more customers. Collecting information manually is
so slower compare to computerization.

2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system can be performed automatically. Individual resident detail has
been entering as the input and the project calculates the expenses. With the help of this
project user can analyze the expenses. By using this project a lot of manual work can be
reduced and resident details can be maintained accurately .This project will produce error free
information with less man work, hundred times faster than, manual work etc.
 This project was concluded that the problem which had to be tackled on a high
priority basis was a better information system for billing, accounting issues in the residents of
an apartment. Anybody can manage this software with little knowledge about computer.
Calculate expenses of each month to resident. By using this project can get an easy reference
to check the availability of flats, resident details and their payment at various months.

2.2.1 FEATURES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

 User friendly interface.

 Time saving.

 Save paper.

 Manually system changes into computerized system.

 Connecting to database so use different type of queries.

 Data are easily approachable.

 To achieve better analysis and planning capabilities.

 Only the authorized persons can maintain the records.

 It is very flexible when compared to the manual system.

2.4 FEASIBILITY STUDY

A feasibility analysis involves a detailed assessment of the need, value and

practicality of a proposed enterprise, such as systems development. The process of designing
and implementing record keeping systems has significant accountability and resource
implications for an organization. Feasibility analysis will help you make informed and
transparent decisions at crucial points during the developmental process to determine whether
it is operationally, economically and technically realistic to proceed with a particular course
of action.

Most feasibility studies are distinguished for both users and analysts. First, the study
often presupposes that when the feasibility document is being prepared, the analyst is in a
position to evaluate solutions. Second, most studies tend to overlook the confusion inherent
in system development – the constraints and the assumed attitudes.

2.4.1 Operational feasibility

People are inherently resistant to change, and computers have been known to facilitate
change. An estimate should be made of how strong a reaction the user staff is likely to have
toward the development of a computerized system. It is common knowledge that computer
installations have something to do with turnover, transfers, retraining, and changes in
employee job status. Therefore, it is understood that the introduction of a candidate system
requires special effort to educate, sell and train the staff on new ways of conducting business.

2.4.2 Technical feasibility

Technical feasibility centers around the existing computer system (hardware, software,
etc.) and to what extend it can support the proposed addition. For example, if the current
computer is operating at 80 percent capacity – an arbitrary ceiling – then running another
application could overload the system or require additional hardware. This involves
financial considerations to accommodate technical enhancements. If the budget is a
serious constraint, then the project is judged not feasible.
2.4.3 Cost/ Benefit analysis

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a
candidate system. More commonly known as cost benefit analysis, the procedure is to
determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare
them with costs. If benefits overweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and
implement the system. Otherwise, further justification or alterations in the proposed
system will have to be made if it is to have a chance of being approved. This is an ongoing
effort that improves in accuracy at each phase in the system life cycle.

Costs:
 Cost of new computer approximately Rs. 22,000/-
 Cost of operating system approximately Rs. 5000/-

Benefits:
 Avoids tedious typing task
 Faster document retrieval
 Saving storage sMaintenance
 Keeps data secure
 Easy to use, update and maintain
 CHAPTER - 3

3. SYSTEM DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT

3.1 WATERFALL MODEL

Waterfall approach was first SDLC Model to be used widely in Software

Engineering to ensure success of the project. In "The Waterfall" approach, the whole
process of software development is divided into separate phases. In Waterfall model,
typically, the outcome of one phase acts as the input for the next phase sequentially.
Following is a diagrammatic representation of different phases of waterfall model.

The sequential phases in Waterfall model are:

 Requirement Gathering and analysis: All possible requirements of the system to be
developed are captured in this phase and documented in a requirement specification
doc.
 System Design: The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this
phase and system design is prepared. System Design helps in specifying hardware and
system requirements and also helps in defining overall system architecture.
 Implementation: With inputs from system design, the system is first developed in
small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is
developed and tested for its functionality which is referred to as Unit Testing.
 Integration and Testing: All the units developed in the implementation phase are
integrated into a system after testing of each unit. Post integration the entire system is
tested for any faults and failures.
 Deployment of system: Once the functional and non functional testing is done, the
product is deployed in the customer environment or released into the market.
 Maintenance: There are some issues which come up in the client environment. To fix
those issues patches are released. Also to enhance the product some better versions
are released. Maintenance is done to deliver these changes in the customer
environment.
All these phases are cascaded to each other in which progress is seen as flowing
steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases. The next phase is started
only after the defined set of goals are achieved for previous phase and it is signed off,
so the name "Waterfall Model". In this model phases do not overlap.

Waterfall Model Application

Every software developed is different and requires a suitable SDLC approach to be

followed based on the internal and external factors. Some situations where the use of
Waterfall model is most appropriate are:
 Requirements are very well documented, clear and fixed.
 Product definition is stable.
 Technology is understood and is not dynamic.
 There are no ambiguous requirements.
 Ample resources with required expertise are available to support the product.
 The project is short.

Waterfall Model Pros & Cons

ADVANTAGE
The advantage of waterfall development is that it allows for departmentalization and
control. A schedule can be set with deadlines for each stage of development and a
product can proceed through the development process model phases one by one.
Development moves from concept, through design, implementation, testing,
installation, troubleshooting, and ends up at operation and maintenance. Each phase of
development proceeds in strict order.

DISADVANTAGE
The disadvantage of waterfall development is that it does not allow for much
reflection or revision. Once an application is in the testing stage, it is very difficult to
go back and change something that was not well-documented or thought upon in the
concept stage.

3.2 E-R DIAGRAMS

An entity-relationship (ER) diagram is a graphical representation of entities

and their relationships to each other, typically used in computing in regard to the
organization of data within databases or information systems. An entity is a piece of
data-an object or concept about which data is stored.

A relationship is how the data is shared between entities. There are three types of
relationships between entities:

1. One-to-One

One instance of an entity (A) is associated with one other instance of another entity
(B). For example, in a database of employees, each employee name (A) is associated
with only one social security number (B).

2. One-to-Many

One instance of an entity (A) is associated with zero, one or many instances of
another entity (B), but for one instance of entity B there is only one instance of entity
A. For example, for a company with all employees working in one building, the
building name (A) is associated with many different employees (B), but those
employees all share the same singular association with entity A.

3. Many-to-Many

One instance of an entity (A) is associated with one, zero or many instances of
another entity (B), and one instance of entity B is associated with one, zero or many
instances of entity A. For example, for a company in which all of its employees work
on multiple projects, each instance of an employee (A) is associated with many
instances of a project (B), and at the same time, each instance of a project (B) has
multiple employees (A) associated with it.
ER DIAGRAM:
3.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data
through an information system, modeling its process aspects. Often they are a preliminary
step used to create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated. DFDs can also
be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design).

A DFD shows what kinds of data will be input to and output from the system, where
the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not show
information about the timing of processes, or information about whether processes will
operate in sequence or in parallel (which is shown on a flowchart).

Fig 1: Data flow diagram example

It is common practice to draw the context-level data flow diagram first, which shows
the interaction between the system and external agents which act as data sources and data
sinks. On the context diagram the system’s interactions with the outside world are modeled
purely in terms of data flows across the system boundary. The context diagram shows the
entire system as a single process, and gives no clues as to its internal organization.

This context-level DFD is next “exploded”, to produce a Level 0 DFD that shows
some of the detail of the system being modeled. The Level 0 DFD shows how the system is
divided into sub-systems (processes), each of which deals with one or more of the data flows
to or from an external agent, and which together provide all of the functionality of the system
as a whole. It also identifies internal data stores that must be present in order for the system to
do its job, and shows the flow of data between the various parts of the system.

Data flow diagrams were proposed by Larry Constantine, the original developer of
structured design, based on Martin and Estrin’s “data flow graph” model of computation.

Data flow diagrams are one of the three essential perspectives of the structured-systems
analysis and design method (SSADM). The sponsor of a project and the end users will need
to be briefed and consulted throughout all stages of a system’s evolution. With a data flow
diagram, users are able to visualize how the system will operate, what the system will
accomplish, and how the system will be implemented. The old system’s dataflow diagrams
can be drawn up and compared with the new system’s data flow diagrams to draw
comparisons to implement a more efficient system. Data flow diagrams can be used to
provide the end user with a physical idea of where the data they input ultimately has an effect
upon the structure of the whole system from order to dispatch to report. How any system is
developed can be determined through a data flow diagram model.

Fig 2: Data flow diagram -Yourdon/DeMarco notation.

In the course of developing a set of leveled data flow diagrams the analyst/designers
is forced to address how the system may be decomposed into component sub-systems, and to
identify the transaction data in the data model.

Data flow diagrams can be used in both Analysis and Design phase of system
development life cycle (SDLC).There are different notations to draw data flow diagrams
(Yourdon & Coad and Gane&Sarson), defining different visual representations for processes,
data stores, data flow, and external entities.
 DFD

Level - 0

Figure 1 – Shows Level1 data flow diagram for “Apartment Maintenance System”

Level-1

Figure 2 – Shows Level1 data flow diagram for “Apartment Maintenance System”
3.3 INPUT DESIGN

Input design is the method by which valid data are accepted from the user. If the data
going into the system is incorrect, then the processing and output will magnify these errors.
The system has been designed to communicate effectively with the user. The goal of
designing input design is to make input data entry as easy and error free. Input screen take
care to filter the invalid data from becoming an operational data at each entry phase. This is
achieved by providing proper checks and validation procedures and certain features to the
users wherever possible. The input format in this system has been designed with the
following objectives.
 To produce a cost effective method of inputs.
 To achieve highest possible level of accuracy.
 To ensure that the input is acceptable and understood by the user.
The Apartment Maintenance system contains Ten input fields. User login: The
manager can enter user name, password for login in to the system. OtherExpenses: The
expenses and maintenance amount details of apartment. BlockDetails: This gives
information about the block details.
FloorDetails: This gives information of floor existing in each block. Resident: This
gives details of the resident. If the resident is tenant it shows the advance amount detail.
Allocation: This gives the history of resident allocation detail of each flat.
Rent and Expense: The rent and expense amount to be paid by resident monthly.
Maintenance: The maintenance amount to be paid by resident. Installment: The installment
details of the resident while purchasing the flat.
3.4 DATABASE DESIGN

The first table named Apt_ApartmentDetail has twelve fields such as apartment name,
apartment location, area, contact number, email, apartment facilities etc. Each field has its
own data types. These fields are using to show the details of apartment
The second table named Apt_OtherExpenses has thirteen fields such as security, car
parking, health club, lift charges etc. These fields are used to show the expense and
maintenance amount to be paid by the residents.
The third table named Apt_Block has three fields such as block id, block name, and
block area. The field block id set as primary key. These fields are used to indicate the number
of blocks in an apartment.
The fourth table named Apt_Floor has five fields such as floor id, floor name, units etc.
The field floor id is set as primary key. These fields are used to show the number of floors in
each block.
The fifth table named Apt_ Resident has twenty fields such as resident id, resident name,
occupation, allocation date etc. The field resident id is set as primary key. The table shows
the details of resident in apartment.
The sixth table named Apt_RentExpenses have eighteen fields such as flat no, rent, lift
charges, electricity, water bill, security, car parking etc. The primary field is flat no. The table
shows rent and expenses that are to be paid by a resident in monthly basis.
The seventh table named Apt_Maintenance has twelve fields such as flat no, celebration,
walking track, total etc. The primary field is flat no. The table shows payment detail of
maintenance expense.
TABLE NAME : Apartment details
Primary key :Apt_name
Column name Size Data Type Description
Apt_name 20 Nvarchar Apartment name
Apt_location 50 Nvarchar Apartment location
Apt_area Int Apartment area
Apt_contactperson 20 nvarchar Apatment contact person
Apt_contactno (12,0) Numeric Apartment contact no
Apt_emil 20 Nvarchar Apartment email

TABLE NAME : Other expenses

Primary key :Ot_date
Column name Size Data Type Description
Ot_date Datetime Other date
Ot_security (18,0) Numeric Other security
Ot_Carpark (18,0) Numeric Other Car park
Ot_dubmem (18,0) Numeric Other dubmem
Ot_Ealthdud (18,0) Numeric Other ealthdub
Ot_deaning (18,0) Numeric Other deaning
Ot_water (18,0) Numeric Other water
Ot_lift (18,0) Numeric Other lift
Ot_walkin (18,0) Numeric Other walkin
Ot_swimming (18,0) Numeric Other swimming
Ot_playgrnd (18,0) Numeric Other playgrnd
Ot_light (18,0) Numeric Other light
Ot_celebrate (18,0) Numeric Other celebrate

TABLE NAME : Block details

Primary key :Blk_id
Column name Size Data Type Description
Blk_id int Block id
Blk_name 50 nvarchar Block name
Blk_area int Block area

TABLE NAME : floor details

Primary key :floor_id
Column name Size Data Type Description
floor_id int Block id
floor_name 50 nvarchar Block name
Blk 50 nvarchar Block
unit int unit
TABLE NAME : resident details
Primary key :flat_id
Column name Size Data Type Description
read int read
Txt_addr 50 Nvarchar Txt addr
txt_email 50 Nvarchar Txt email
cmb_flatno 50 Nvarchar Cmb flatno
txt_landline 50 Nvarchar Txt landline
txtmobno 50 Nvarchar txtmobno
cmb_blk 50 Nvarchar Cmb blk
cmb_flrno 50 Nvarchar Cmb flrno
cmb_mem 50 Nvarchar Cmb mem
cmb_unittype 50 Nvarchar Cmb unittype
rdb_owner 50 Nvarchar Rdb owner
dtallocation 50 Nvarchar dtallocation

TABLE NAME : allocation details

Primary key :flat_id
Column name Size Data Type Description
flat_id int Flat id
blk 50 Nvarchar blk
flr 50 Nvarchar flr
unitype 50 Nvarchar unitype
doa 50 Nvarchar doa
eoa 50 Nvarchar eoa
name 50 Nvarchar name
rtype 50 Nvarchar rtype
addr 50 Nvarchar addr
contact 50 Nvarchar contact

TABLE NAME : rent expenses details

Primary key :flat_id
Column name Size Data Type Description
flat_id (18,0) numeric flat_id
Name 50 Nvarchar name
Blk 50 Nvarchar blk
Flr 50 Nvarchar flr
Unit 50 Nvarchar unit
Rent 50 Nvarchar rent
Electric 50 Nvarchar electric
Water 50 Nvarchar water
Security 50 Nvarchar security
Health 50 Nvarchar Health
Parking 50 Nvarchar parking
Cleaning 50 Nvarchar cleaning
Dub 50 Nvarchar dub
Lift 50 Nvarchar lift
TABLE NAME : Maintenance details
Primary key :flat_id
Column name Size Data Type Description
flat_id (18,0) numeric flat_id
name 50 Nvarchar name
rentexp 50 Nvarchar rentexp
smonth 50 Nvarchar smonth
walking 50 Nvarchar walking
swimming 50 Nvarchar swimming
playground 50 Nvarchar playground
lighting 50 Nvarchar lighting
celebration 50 Nvarchar celebration

3.5 OUTPUT DESIGN

Output design generally refers to the results and information that are generated by the
system. For many end-users, output is the main reason for developing the system and the
basis on which they evaluate the usefulness of the application. Care must be taken to present
the right information. So that right decisions are made. The objective of a system finds its
shape in terms of output. The analysis of the objective of a system leads to determination of
outputs. Outputs of a system can take various forms. The most common are reports, screens
displays printed form.

The output from a system is the justification for its existence. If the outputs are
inadequate in anyway, the system itself is inadequate. The basic requirements of output are
that it should be accurate, timely and appropriate, in terms of content, medium and layout for
its intended purpose. Hence it is necessary to design output so that the objectives of the
system are met in the best possible manner. The outputs are in the form of reports.

The Apartment Maintenance System has five output fields. Resident report: The
report shows the resident information.

Rent and expense report: The report gives the complete payment details of resident
.Maintenance report: The report gives complete maintenance expense detail. Installment
report: The report shows the information about resident’s installment detail
 CHAPTER - IV

4. SYSTEM TESTING

4.1 System Testing

Testing of the software as a mean of accessing or measuring the software to determine

its quality. The area of testing is one of the key process areas in ensuring the quality of the
software known as Software Quality Assurance (SQA).
Testing is done with one primary objective to ensure the quality of the software before
it is actually implemented. The main purpose of testing from developer’s point of view is to
gain confidence. If no error are found at least he is sure that the product under development is
meeting it required goals in terms of quality.
There is no way to find when to stop testing however people have followed certain
norms and guidelines over the course of time. They are as follows:
 When the rate of finding errors has reached an acceptable level.
 Based on the size of the system, “enough” errors have been found where “enough”
can be a quantitative parameter based on historical data.
 Measuring coverage of testing as percentage of line executed divided by total number
of lines in the system. If the percentage id below acceptable limits, then the test plans
have to be enhanced to test areas where code not been tested.

Validation Testing
In validation testing we ensure that all the data entered was displayed properly on the
view screen and that we got the expected results.
Integration Testing
The last step was to integrate the various modules in the software. The proposed system is
implemented top-down integration. The integration was performed in five steps:
 The main control module was used as test driver and stubs were substituted for all
components directly subordinate to the main control module.
 Depending on depth first search subordinate stubs was replaced with actual
components.
 Tests were conducted as each component with real component.
 On completion of each set of tests, another stub is replace with real component.
 Integration testing was conducted to ensure execution of some subset of tests have
already been conducted had not propagated unintended side effects.

Test Cases
Case Scenario Sr. Action Expected Actual Result
no. no Output Outpu
t
1 Login A User forgets to Message Messa PASS
enter the window saying ge
username/ “Please enter windo
password the username/ w
password” saying
“Pleas
e enter
the
userna
me/
passwo
rd”
B User enters Message Messa PASS
wrong username/ window saying ge
password “Wrong windo
username/ w
password” saying
“Wron
g
userna
me/
passwo
rd”
C User enters Takes user to Takes PASS
correct Apartment user to
username/ Maintenance Apart
password System ment
Mainte
nance
System
 CHAPTER – 5

5 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE

System Implementation is the stage of the project when the theoretical design is
tuned into working system. If the implementation system stage is not carefully
controlled and planned, it can cause chaos. Thus it can be considered to be the most
critical stage in achieving a successful new system and in giving the users a
confidence that the system will work and be effective.

The implementation stage in a project involves,

 Careful Planning investigation of the current system, checking

constraints and the implementation.

 Training the staffs in the newly developed system.

A software application in general is implemented after navigating the complete

life cycle method of a project. Various life cycle processes such as requirement
analysis, design phase, verification, testing and finally followed by the
implementation phase results in a successful project management. The software
application which is basically a Windows based application has been successfully
implemented after passing various life cycle processes mentioned above.

As the software is to be implemented in a high standard industrial sector,

various factors such as application environment, user management, security, reliability
and finally performance are taken as key factors through out the design phase. These
factors are analyzed step by step and the positive as well as negative outcomes are
noted down before the final implementation.

Security and authentication is maintained in both user level as well as the

management level. The data is stored in SQL Server 2000 as RDBMS, which is highly
reliable and simpler to use, the user level security is managed with the help of
password options and sessions, which finally ensures that all the transactions are made
securely.
 The application’s validations are made, taken into account of the entry levels
available in various modules. Possible restrictions like number formatting, date
formatting and confirmations for both save and update options ensures the correct data
to be fed into the database. Thus all the aspects are charted out and the complete
project study is practically implemented successfully for the end users.

End Users
 No specific knowledge or skills are required from the end user.
 End user should have basic idea about computer operations and database.

Administrator
 Administrator must be having good knowledge of database management system.
 Administrator must be capable to manage user rights.
 If the network connection does not work properly than our system should not work
as intended.
 Also that is assumed that the product is installed properly at windows server
 This system will not take care of any virus problem, which might occur either on
the
client or the server system. Avoiding the use of pirated software and ensuring that
floppies and other removable media are scanned for viruses before use could
minimize the possibility of viral infection.

 Recovery of data after a system crash will be possible only if backups are taken
at regular intervals.
 Manual interfaces cannot be fully avoided. Documented proofs like data entry
of employees etc. will have to be verified by the concerned management staff
before entering it into the computerized system.
Assumptions and Dependencies

Assumptions:
 The code should be free with compilation errors/syntax errors.
 The product must have an interface which is simple enough to understand.

Dependencies:
 All necessary hardware and software are available for implementing and
use of the tool.
 The proposed system would be designed, developed and implemented
based on the software requirements specifications document.
 End users should have basic knowledge of computer and they also assure
that the users will be given software training documentation and reference
material.
 The system is not required to save generated reports.

5.3 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

Security and authentication is maintained in both user level as well as the

management level. The data is stored in SQL Server as RDBMS, which is highly reliable and
simpler to use, the user level security is managed with the help of password options and
sessions, which finally ensures that all the transactions are made securely.

5.4 SYSTEM SECURITY MEASURES

The application’s validations are made, taken into account of the entry levels
available in various modules. Possible restrictions like number formatting, date formatting
and confirmations for both save and update options ensures the correct data to be fed into the
database. Thus all the aspects are charted out and the complete project study is practically
implemented successfully for the end users.
 CONCLUSION
The project “APARTMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” provides maximum
flexibility. The testing of the whole system is completed with the data and outputs are
generated. The efficiency of the new system is found to be better than the existing system in
all respects. The system is able to maintain the details in an effective manner.
As the company needs information quickly so that they can provide their customers
better service support. Most of all anybody can control this with little knowledge about
computer. The computer solution is more users interactive so that change of error in data
inputting is very low. I can store plenty of records in computer “safely”.
The programming techniques used in the design of the system provide a scope for
further enhancements in the future. The various reports generated by the system are also very
useful. Since the requirement of any organization and their standards are changing day by day
the system is designed in such a way that its scope and boundaries could be expanded in
future with a little modification. If the management wants to implement more enhancements
in the future then that can also be accommodated easily.
At this time of the century when software is getting highly acclaimed the
computerized system eliminates the burden of manual record keeping. The new system
provides more quick and accurate retrieval of information. It also gives provision for proper
security. The system is very user friendly and the report is screen oriented. Available data
valuation, updating and integrity observed in the system are found to be satisfactory. This
software skillfully and successfully replaces large volume of manpower.

SCOPE FOR FUTURE ENHACEMENT

The system has been designed and develops according to the current requirements of
the user. At the same time the system is much flexible and extensible. Further enhancement
can be made to the system at any later point. Coding procedures can be modified according to
the needs of the user. The future scope of our project is that it can be implemented over the
Internet to administrator and monitor systems connected to www. We propose more to
introduce authentication and security for controlling and monitoring over the Internet. Further
additions can be made to this project. Time constraint prohibited me from pursuing them.
This project is designed with the future in mind. Due care has been taken to assimilate
the needs for future development. The software is constructed along the lines suggested by
the users. Since MS SQL SERVER and VB 6.0 are flexible tools, we can easily incorporate
any modular program into the application.
 The further scope of “APARTMENT MAINTENANCE SYSTEM” includes the
details of the employee in the apartment and their pay roll calculation. To ensure more
security to residents the video call can be done to recognize the visitors are known person to
resident.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS REFERRED

1. Alex Homer , “Professional VB 6.0”, 2004 Edition, Wrox Publications

2. Steven Holzner, “Visual Basic 6.0 Black Book”, 2003 Edition, Dreamtech
Publications

3. Roger S Pressman, “Software Engineering”, 2000 Edition, Dreamtech Publications

4. Pooja Bembey and Kuljit Kaur with NIIT,”Microsoft Visual Basic Professional
Projects”,2002 Edition, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.

Websites:

1. www.msdn.microsoft.com

2. www.vbcity.com

3. www.codeguru.com