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Class CM 714 1

The document outlines a course on composite materials over several weeks. It covers topics like mechanical behavior of composites, laminate theory, analysis and design of laminates, and manufacturing processes. The analysis and design section will focus on laminate theory, performing laminate analysis using Mathematica, validating results with ANSYS, and applying the concepts to design. Properties of different fibers and plies are also presented. The document provides the framework and content to learn about composite materials and analyze laminated composites.

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Tayyab Attari
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
171 views32 pages

Class CM 714 1

The document outlines a course on composite materials over several weeks. It covers topics like mechanical behavior of composites, laminate theory, analysis and design of laminates, and manufacturing processes. The analysis and design section will focus on laminate theory, performing laminate analysis using Mathematica, validating results with ANSYS, and applying the concepts to design. Properties of different fibers and plies are also presented. The document provides the framework and content to learn about composite materials and analyze laminated composites.

Uploaded by

Tayyab Attari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

Composite Materials

Design, Analysis & Applications

Dr. S. Kamran Afaq


Composite Materials

OUTLINE

• Introduction Week-1

• Mechanical Behavior
Week-2,3
• Laminated Composite Materials

• Analysis and Design Week-4,5

• Sandwich Structures
Week-6
• Manufacturing Processes
Composite Materials

OUTLINE

Analysis and Design

• Laminate Theory (Revision)

• Laminate Analysis Algorithm

• Sizing of Laminate
• Introduction to Mathematica

• Analysis with Mathematica

• Design and Application

• Validation with ANSYS


Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Sandwich Structures Analysis & Design Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Revision Laminate Analysis


Classical Laminate Theory
B : Coupling
 N   A B   o  Stiffness Matrix
A : Extensional    
Stiffness Matrix M   B D    

 N x   A11 A12 A16 B11 B12 B16    xo 


N    
 y   A12 A22 A26 B12 B22 B26    yo 
 N xy   A16 A26 A66 B16 B26 B66   xyo 
   
 M x   B11 B12 B16 D11 D12 D16    x 
 M y   B12 B22 B26 D12 D22 D26    y 
    
M xy   B16 B26 B66 D16 D26 D66   xy 

D :Bending
Stiffness Matrix
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Sandwich Structures Analysis & Design Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Revision Laminate Analysis


Classical Laminate Theory

 N   A B   o 
   
  
M B D   
Force and Moment Resultants

h/2 h/2
Nx    x dz , Mx    x zdz
h / 2 h / 2
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Sandwich Structures Analysis & Design Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Revision Laminate Analysis


Classical Laminate Theory

 N   A B   o 
    
M   B D    
N
A   Q k zk 1  zk 
k 1

B   Q k
N
z 2
 z k2
k 1 
k 1 2

D   Q k
N
z 3
k 1  z k3 
k 1 3
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Sandwich Structures Analysis & Design Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Revision Laminate Analysis


Classical Laminate Theory Strains and Stresses in
‘k’th layer

 k  S k  k
 k  Q k  k
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials
Laminate Analysis
Start
R
Vf, Ef, Em… etc.

EL,ET…..etc

S  Q

Laminate Code, thicknesses

Q-bar for each layer

A,B and D Matrices A


Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials
Laminate Analysis
A Forces and Moments

Global Strains Matrix { ε }ox

Stresses Matrix { σxy }k in each layer

Principal Stresses Matrix { σlt }k in each layer

XT, YT…..etc

Yes Failure Criteria No


End R
is OK
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials
Properties of Fiber/Epoxy Plies
Unidirectional Strength of Composite (Vf = 60 %)
( In MPa )

Fiber E-glass Kevlar Carbon


XT 1250 1410 1270
XC 600 280 1130
YT 35 28 42
YC 141 141 141
S 63 45 63
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials
Properties of Fiber/Epoxy Plies
(Vf = 60 %)

( In MPa )

Fiber E-glass Kevlar Carbon


density 2080 1350 1530
EL 45000 85000 134000
ET 12000 5600 7000
vLT 0.3 0.34 0.25
GLT 4500 2100 4200
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials
Sizing of the Laminate
 N   A B   o 
   
  
M B D   

For a symmetric laminate;


B=0

N   A  o

M   D 
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials
Sizing of the Laminate
By definition,
n
A   Q zk 1  zk 
k 1

Q  avg  A
1
h

h = thickness of the Laminate


Composite Materials

OUTLINE

Analysis and Design

• Laminate Theory (Revision)

• Laminate Analysis Algorithm

• Sizing of Laminate
• Analysis with Matlab
• Design and Application

• Validation with ANSYS


Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials
Sizing of the Laminate
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials
Sizing of the Laminate
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Example-1
For a given proportions of different angles in a symmetric laminate
[0/90/45]s with thickness [3,2,1]mm, Find out Moduli of the laminate.

Glass/Epoxy laminate (Vf = 60%)

33 %
17%


50%
x

0%
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Moduli
33 %
17%


50%
x

0%

   Qavg  

Q  avg  A
1
h
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Moduli 33 %
17%


50%
x e
0%

n h
A   Q zk 1  zk 
k 1

n
A   Q ek
k 1

n
1
A   Q ek
h k 1 h
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Moduli
33 %
17%


50%
x

0%

n
1
A   Q ek
h k 1 h

1
A  Q0 p 0  Q90 p90  Q 45 p 45  Q 45 p 45
h
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Moduli
33 %
17%


50%
x

0%

Ex , Ey , vxy , vyx

Page: 98
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Moduli
33 %
17%


50%
x

0%

Gxy
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Example
For a given proportions of different angles in a symmetric laminate
[0/90/45]s with thickness [3,2,1]mm, Find Maximum allowable tensile
stresses in ‘x’ and ‘y’ direction.

Glass/Epoxy laminate (Vf = 60%)

33 %
17%


50%
x

0%
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Assignement-7.1
For a given proportions of different angles in a symmetric laminate
[0/90/45/-45]s with thickness [3,2,1,2]mm, Find out Moduli of the
laminate. Compare it with graphical value (Calculate error?)

Glass/Epoxy laminate (Vf = 60%)

10%
15%


60%
x

15%
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Max. Allowable Stress 10%


15%
2 2
 L    L T   T    LT 
2

  
2
          60%
x
  S 
2
 XT   T X   YT
15%

First of all we will calculate σL, σT and σLT at σx =1 MPa for


each ply.
Now calculate σL σT and σLT at σx = (σx )max for each ply
by multiplying with

  x max 
 
 1 M Pa 
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Max. Allowable Stress 10%


15%
  x max     LT  
2 2 2
   L    L T   T
2

              1
  S  
2
 1Mpa  
 T
X   XT   YT 

60%
x
For a lamina
15%

 x 2max . k2  1 Mpa2
 x max  1 Mpa
k
For a laminate

1 Mpa
 x max  min  
 k 
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials
Sizing of the Laminate
Assignement-7.2
Calculate maximum stresses (σx)max, (σy)max, (τxy)max for carbon/epoxy
Vf=65% by graph and verify it through matlab.
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Example-2
For a given proportions of different angles in a symmetric laminate. Find
Maximum allowable tensile stresses in ‘x’ and ‘y’ direction and maximum
allowable shear stress.

Glass/Epoxy laminate (Vf = 60%)

10%
15%


60%
x

15%
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Example
?%
?%
For a complex loading.

?%
Nx = -800 N/mm x
Ny = -900 N/mm
?%
Nxy = -300 N/mm

Solution

First, Find out Ultimate Strength, assuming all layers are in one direction

Gives,
( σL )u and ( εLT )u
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Example
?%
?%
For a complex loading.

?%
Nx = -800 N/mm x
Ny = -900 N/mm
?%
Nxy = -300 N/mm

Solution
( σL )u and ( εLT )u

Nx Ny N xy
ex  , ey  , exy 
L L  LT
Introduction Mechanical Behavior Laminate Theory Analysis & Design Sandwich Structures Manufacturing/Application

Composite Materials

Example ?%
?%
For a complex loading.

?%
Nx = -800 N/mm x

Ny = -900 N/mm ?%
Nxy = -300 N/mm

Solution
Nx Ny N xy
ex  , ey  , exy 
L L  LT

ex ey exy
0  , 90  ,  45 
ex  e y  exy ex  e y  exy ex  e y  exy
Thank You

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