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    Fungi (Bioprocess)

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    Jiana Nasir
    This document discusses fungi and their importance. It begins by defining fungi as eukaryotic organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. It then describes the major types of fungi including molds, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. It discusses fungi's heterotrophic nutrition and how they obtain nutrients from dead organic matter as saprobes or from living organisms as parasites or symbionts. Examples are given of important pathogenic fungi that can cause diseases in humans like Aspergillus and Cryptococcus. The document emphasizes the significance of fungi in areas like medicine, food, and agriculture.

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    Fungi (Bioprocess)

    Uploaded by

    Jiana Nasir
    76 views19 pages
    This document discusses fungi and their importance. It begins by defining fungi as eukaryotic organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. It then describes the major types of fungi including molds, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. It discusses fungi's heterotrophic nutrition and how they obtain nutrients from dead organic matter as saprobes or from living organisms as parasites or symbionts. Examples are given of important pathogenic fungi that can cause diseases in humans like Aspergillus and Cryptococcus. The document emphasizes the significance of fungi in areas like medicine, food, and agriculture.

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    Fungi (bioprocess)

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    This document discusses fungi and their importance. It begins by defining fungi as eukaryotic organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. It then describes the major types of fungi including molds, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. It discusses fungi's heterotrophic nutrition and how they obtain nutrients from dead organic matter as saprobes or from living organisms as parasites or symbionts. Examples are given of important pathogenic fungi that can cause diseases in humans like Aspergillus and Cryptococcus. The document emphasizes the significance of fungi in areas like medicine, food, and agriculture.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views19 pages

    Fungi (Bioprocess)

    Uploaded by

    Jiana Nasir
    This document discusses fungi and their importance. It begins by defining fungi as eukaryotic organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. It then describes the major types of fungi including molds, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. It discusses fungi's heterotrophic nutrition and how they obtain nutrients from dead organic matter as saprobes or from living organisms as parasites or symbionts. Examples are given of important pathogenic fungi that can cause diseases in humans like Aspergillus and Cryptococcus. The document emphasizes the significance of fungi in areas like medicine, food, and agriculture.

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    KC32003 : BIOPROCESS PRINCIPLES

    TYPES OF MICROORGANISM : FUNGI


    LECTURER: DR. MARIANI RAJIN
    NAME MATRIC NUMBER
    AIN YVIONA FRANCIS BK15110285
    RAHAYU BINTI AG. DURAIM BK15110334
    NUR INSYIRAH RAIHAN BINTI IDRIS BK15110210
    VANESSA SELVE ALYSIOUS BK15110343
    KAREN TAN JIUN YEE BK15110306
    LEE PEI CENG BK15110309
    NIRWANA BINTI SINRING BK15110323
    FUNGI

    Fly agaric fungus Witches butter


    (Amanita muscaria) (Tremella mesenterica)
    Heterotrophic

    WHAT IS?

    Types Major groups


    What is?
    ➢ Eukaryotic organisms
    ➢ Scientific classification
    Domain : Eukaryota
    Kingdom : Fungi
    HETEROTROPH
    = Cannot make their own food
     Obtain nutrients from other organic materials
     Fungi obtain nutrients from:
    i. Saprobes - Dead organic matter
    ii. Decomposers - Break down and get rid of dead
    organisms
    iii. Parasit – from living organism
    MAJOR GROUPS
    MULTICELLULAR
    MACROSCOPIC
    FILAMENTOUS YEAST
    FILAMENTOUS FUNGI
    MOULD
    • Made up of • Grow by • Small, lemon-
    hyphae producing shaped single
    • Hyphae grow and mycelium below cells.
    intertwined until ground. • Reproduce by
    mycelium is • Produce visible budding.
    formed. fruiting bodies.
    • Hyphal tip secretes • Fruiting body
    digestive enzyme. divide to produce
    • Some hyphal different parts of
    branches grow the fungal
    into the air and structure.
    produces spore.
    • Spores are spread
    and grow in new
    habitat.
    ➢TYPES
    Chytridiomycota Zygomycota

    Glomeromycota Ascomycota

    Basidiomycota
    FUNGI
    Nutritional and Habitat
    Range
    Fungi are chlorophyllless plants and cannot
    synthesize their own food unlike green plants

    They are so simple in structure that they


    cannot obtain inorganic food directly from
    the soil, and therefore they are always
    dependent for their food on some dead
    organic material or living beings.
    Classes In Which The Nutrition Of Fungi May
    Be Classified

    Saprophytes

    Fungi
    natural Parasites
    habitat
    life as:
    Symbionts
    (1) Saprophytes
     Fungi which obtain their food from dead organic
    materials are called the saprophytes.
     Saprophytic fungi live on dead organic materials
    produced by the decay of animal and plant tissues.
     Grow upon dead organic matters such as rotten
    fruits, rotten vegetables, moist wood, moist leather,
    cheese, rotting leaves.
     Example: Saprolegnia, Mucor, Rhizopus, Penicillium,
    Morchella, Aspergillus, Agaricus.
    Example: Agaricus
    (2) Parasites
    Fungi obtaining their prepared food from living
    plants or animals.
    Parasitic fungi absorb their food material from
    the living tissues of the hosts on which they
    parasitize.
    Parasitic fungi are harmful to their hosts and
    cause serious diseases.
    The rusts, smuts, bunts, mildews and many other
    plant diseases are important examples of fungal
    diseases of crops.
    Example:
    (3) Symbionts
    Some fungi live in close association of other
    higher plants where they are mutually beneficial
    to each other.
    Such relationship is called the ‘symbiosis’ and
    the participants the ‘symbionts’.
    The algal partner synthesizes the organic food
    and the fungal partner is responsible for the
    absorption of inorganic nutrients and water
    Example: lichens and mycorrhiza.
    Example: Lichen (fungi) & green algae
    Reproduction / Life Cycle of Fungi

    Release of fungal
    spores
    Medicine Food Agriculture

    Penicillium chrysogenum

    Importance of Fungi
    Fungi that cause

    Pathogenic Fungi
    disease in humans
    and other organisms

    Aspergillus fungus
    • Disease: Aspergillosis (allergic reaction)
    • When common mold spores are inhaled, immune system
    cells surround and destroy them.
    • People with a weakened immune cell are at a higher
    risk of developing the disease
    • Cough, fever and lung infection

    Cryptococcus
    • Disease: Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcal
    meningitis
    • Cryptococcus are usually found in soil, on decaying wood
    or in bird dropping
    • Affect lung and central nervous system
    • Fever, chest pain and nausea

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