Title: Dongola 2009: Pottery from Building I (Kom A)

Author(s): Katarzyna Danys-Lasek

Journal: Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 21 (Research 2009)

Year: 2012

Pages: 315-329

ISSN 1234–5415 (Print), ISSN 2083–537X (Online)

ISBN 978–83–235–1144–1

Publishers: Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw (PCMA UW),

Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (WUW)

www.pcma.uw.edu.pl – www.wuw.pl

DONGOLA 2009:
POTTERY FROM BUILDING I (KOM A)

Katarzyna Danys-Lasek
PCMA Associate, Warsaw

Abstract: : Excavation in 2009 on the citadel in Dongola concentrated inside unit B.37 of the
palatial Building B.I, including a test pit dug under the floor of the unit. The ceramic
assemblage from these excavations is representative of Dongolan pottery production of the
6th and 7th centuries, which drew inspiration from Late Roman models. It consisted mainly
of bowls, plates and amphorae, the latter including containers brought as packaging of goods
imported from Egypt and Gaza.

Keywords: Dongola, ceramics, pottery, amphorae, Egypt

 Dongola 2009: pottery from Building I (Kom A)
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DONGOLA 2009:
POTTERY FROM BUILDING I
(KOM A)
Katarzyna Danys-Lasek
PCMA Associate, Warsaw

Abstract: : Excavation in 2009 on the citadel in Dongola concentrated inside unit B.37 of the palatial
Building B.I, including a test pit dug under the floor of the unit. The ceramic assemblage from these
excavations is representative of Dongolan pottery production of the 6th and 7th centuries, which
drew inspiration from Late Roman models. It consisted mainly of bowls, plates and amphorae, the
latter including containers brought as packaging of goods imported from Egypt and Gaza.

Keywords: Dongola, ceramics, pottery, amphorae, Egypt

Excavations on the Citadel (Kom A) and bottles (‘pilgrim’ bottles, as well as

in Dongola in the 2009 season were handmade vessels) and amphorae. The
concentrated in Building B.I, called the forms and the decoration are typical
“Palace”. One of the units cleared in the of 6th and 7th century Dongolan ceramic
course of the work was B.I.37, a room production modeled on wares from late
situated by the southwestern corner of the Roman Egypt (Pluskota 2001: 361–362,
building, therefore adjoining the citadel Fig. 6; Phillips 2003: 410).
walls. A test trench was dug below the floor
Like the neighboring room B.I.15, of unit B.I.37 (1.70–1.90 m by 0.80 m to
which was explored in the previous about 1.20 m at the bottom near bedrock,
season, B.I.37 acted as a storeroom, later approximately 1 m deep, see also
latrine depository and rubbish dump. Godlewski 2012: 298, in this volume).
The pottery from the fill of this unit finds The fill consisted of gray earth with a layer
numerous parallels with the assemblage of hardened alluvial soil, linked to the
recorded from B.I.15. They form a closed foundation of the citadel wall. The test
group representing a single chronological trench contained an abundance of pottery
horizon that encompasses the 7th century. sherds and a few wooden, stone and clay
The assemblage from B.I.37 contains artifacts. No traces of a pit could be seen
extremely abundant tableware (dishes on the floor of unit B.I.37, which would
and bowls), in many cases reconstructed indicate that the fill — and the ceramic
whole forms, accompanied by sherds assemblage found in it — predated
of containers, cooking vessels, lids, vases the establishment of the room. Amphorae

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and tableware (dishes and bowls) from of Dongolan pottery production, which
the late 6th century and the turn of the drew on a post-Meroitic tradition for
century predominated in the deposit. inspiration and ready models (Pluskota
This material represents the earliest phase 1990: 317).

Unit B.I.37: fill above the floor

The assemblage comprised 72 vessels, More than a half of the 41 recorded
of which 35 represented types 5A and bowls, that is, 28 examples were classified as
5B, e.g. ADd.09.229 and ADd.09.228 type 5. These bowls were red-slipped with
[Fig. 1]. Most of these are Red Ware the exception of ADd.9.219, which had
products with the exception of two sherds a white slip. Painted decoration on the inside
(ADd.09.208, ADd.09.432) covered with of the vessel occurred on nine examples
white slip. The vessels were not decorated [Fig. 2]. It comprised a white band with
in any way. a center black or orange stripe, either single
The second group (in terms of number) (ADd.09.222) or double (ADd.09.302),
was formed by 12 dishes of types 2A, 2B on a red- or cream-slipped (ADd.09.207)
and 2C, e.g. ADd.09.158, ADd.09.215, or gray background (ADd.09.159). The
ADd.09.187 [see Fig. 1]. Most were red- decoration could be reduced to just a black
slipped with a few only covered with white band on the rim (ADd.09.438) or a yellow
slip. One dish (ADd.09.215) featured radiate rosette (ADd.09.169) or white
two grooves on the bottom [see Fig. 1]. flower (ADd.09.163) on the bottom.
The third group was formed Bowl ADd.09.138 featured an elaborate
of four dishes, both red-slipped decoration in the form of a broad deep
(ADd.09.180, ADd.09.180) and white red band on a white-slip ground inside the
slipped (ADd.09.212, ADd.09.368), bowl, the band patterned with regularly
characterized by a groove under the rim spaced black dots outlined in white and
on the inside [see Fig. 1]. dotted with small white dots, and with
Dishes of type 1 (e.g. ADd.09.143, a black line flanking the band around
ADd.09.437) were all red-slipped, the bowl [see Fig. 2].
decorated with a painted yellow undulating Fragmentary inscriptions were noted
band (ADd.09.143) or continuous white on two bowls of type 5 (ADd.09.175,
lines with intersecting arcades on the ADd.09.176). These were engraved post-
inner ledge of the rim and a radiate rosette firing. One is most probably the name
on the floor (ADd.09.437) [see Fig. 1]. ΜΙΧΑΗΛ [see Fig. 2].
Dishes of type 7 (ADd.09.221, Deep bowls of type 1 [see Fig. 2]
ADd.09.218) occurred as White Ware represented Red Ware with the sole
products only; the first of the two exception of ADd.09.227, which had
specimens additionally featured five a creamish-yellow slip. Most of them
grooves running around under the rim were decorated on the outside with
and a broad red painted band with two grooves under the rim: either one
black stripes [see Fig. 1]. (ADd.09.227, ADd.09.242), two

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Fig. 1. Dishes from the fill of unit B.I.37

(All drawings by the author)

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(ADd.09.140, ADd.09.155) or five Three bowls of type 3 had a natural

(ADd.09.160, ADd.09.443), stamps in pink wash, which was effected naturally
the form of a cross (ADd.09.155) and by the firing process, instead of the regular
diamond (ADd.09.183) and/or white slip. Vessel ADd.09.209 with black
painted motifs, which included a star polished surface and black clay in the
(ADd.09.140) and oblique crossing lines break is a typical product of the potteries
(ADd.09.242). A dove is depicted on bowl working in the Kingdom of Alwa to the
ADd.09.227, accompanied on the left by south. Analogous bowls are known from
a vertical band of hatching [see Fig. 2]. Soba East, where they were found in early

Fig. 2. Bowls from the fill of unit B.I.37

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contexts (Welsby, Daniels 1991: 193, with decoration on the body in the form
Fig. 110.124). of a yellow painted band with arcades
Other tableware from the fill of unit (ADd.09.285) and two engraved crossing
B.I.37 consisted of four vases, a jar, a small jug lines (ADd.09.288) [see Fig. 3]. In one
and a bottle. Vases of type 1 (ADd.09.141, case there was an inscription rendered
ADd.09.142) with slightly flaring walls, with white paint (ADd.09.286), too
carinated body and ring base were covered poorly preserved to be legible. One bottle
with a polished, orange or red slip. Those (ADd.09.284) constituted a unique
of type 2 (ADd.09.371, ADd.09.372) with combination of elements typical of pilgrim
bulging shoulders were yellow-slipped, bottles (rim, neck and handles) and
decorated with red bands, concentric circles, a traditionally formed ovoid body [see
zigzags and spots. An engraved monogram Fig. 3]. Handmade bottles (ADd.09.241,
[Fig. 3] is analogous to marks frequently ADd.09.239, ADd.09.240), commonly
encountered on amphorae from Dongola referred to as ‘beer jars’, has strongly flaring
(Pluskota 2005: Fig. 1). Jar ADd.09.370 rims and narrow necks. The upper parts
[see Fig. 3] had a rim with modeled spout were covered with red slip, additionally
and one handle; the gray-brown slipped decorated with painted orange bands
surface bore traces of burning. Parallels are dotted with black points. Mat impressions
known from Elephantine, from contexts were observed on the body of bottle
dated from the 1st through 5th century ADd.09.240 without painted decoration
(Gempeler 1992: 138–139, Fig. 78,16–20). [see Fig. 3]. Vessels of this type draw on
The small jug ADd.09.235 [see a post-Meroitic ceramic tradition (Phillips
Fig. 3] with squat bulging body covered 2003: 403). A large bulbous wheel-made
with yellow-white paint finds parallels bottle (ADd.09.234) constituted a special
in Lower Nubia. It was classified by W.Y. find. It was well made and bore an engraved
Adams as jug type I8 produced in Egypt image on the shoulder of a dove holding
(Adams 1986: 103, Fig. 53 I8), but the in its beak an object (branch? incense
example from Dongola appears to have burner?) [see Fig. 3].
been produced in a local pottery workshop. Storage containers formed a numerous
The fill of unit B.I.37 also produced group. These were large vessels (e.g.
a fragment of rim from a small vessel ADd.09.298), covered with an orange-
ADd.09.151 with red slip, described as red slip on the outside, white inside with
an inkpot or small bottle for unguents. a yellow painted band under the rim
This form was classified by W.Y. Adams as [Fig. 4] Large handmade storage jars
type N8 (Adams 1986: 103, Fig. 59 N8). (e.g. ADd.09.304, ADd.09.305) were
Small bottles of this kind are known also decorated with painted red, white and
from 6th and 7th century Egypt, e.g. black motifs (bands, zigzags, circles, spots)
from Elephantine (type T723) and Marea on a white ground [see Fig. 4].
(Gempeler 1992: 236, Fig. 77,16-19; Cooking pots, all handmade and
Majcherek 2008: 112, Fig. 39.27). poorly preserved, presented heavily sooted
The set of pilgrim bottles from the bodies. Some bore mat impressions on the
fill of unit B.I.37 comprised six examples surface. A broad bowl (ADd.09.450) with
either red- or dark gray-slipped, some black surface, furnished with a semicircular

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Fig. 3. Jar, small jug, bottle and vase from the fill of unit B.I.37

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handle and decorated with oblique engraved Lids complement the repertoire of cooking
notches on the rim, may have been used as pots (e.g. ADd.09.238, ADd.09.442).
a doka. Analogous deep bowls are known There were 17 amphorae in this set, 14
from Lower Nubia (Adams 1986: 104, Fig. representing local Dongolan production
69) and Banganarti (Phillips 2003: 410). (types B and C), known from the earliest

Fig. 4. Storage containers and amphorae from the fill of unit B.I.37

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6th and 7th century layers of the pottery an engraved potmark(?). The other
workshops on kom R (Pluskota 2005: three amphorae represented the brown
229–230, Fig. 8). Yellow- or white- bag-shaped type of vessels which were
painted monograms were noted on the made in Egypt, in the Mareotis region,
shoulders of a few vessels, e.g. ADd.09.307, e.g. ADd.09.365 [see Fig. 4]; this type of
ADd.09.308, ADd.09.313 [see Fig. 4], amphora was also discovered in adjoining
while the handles of ADd.09.308 bore unit B.I.15 (Godlewski 2002: 208, Fig. 5).

Deposit from under the floor of unit B.I.37

In the assemblage predating the floor in plain red-slipped vessels, in one case
B.I.37 dishes were represented mainly (ADd.09.350) bearing an engraved
by forms of type 3 (e.g. ADd.09.350, potmark on the inside [Fig. 5]. The form
ADd.09.384, ADd.09.404). These were derives from late Roman models, such as

Fig. 5. Dishes and bowls from the under-floor deposit in unit B.I.37

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Hayes form 104 (Hayes 1972: 161-166, Fig. phase in Dongolan ceramic production
30), borrowed from Egypt to be produced in the middle of the 6th century (Pluskota
in the earliest phases of Dongolan ceramic 1990: Fig. 8; Pluskota 1991: Fig. 5ff.).
production (Pluskota 2001: 362, Fig. 8). Handmade bottles (‘beer jars’) were
Two other dishes represent type 8 quite common in the deposit. The necks
(ADd.09.379, ADd.09.380). Both were were covered with red polished slip,
red-slipped and the former also featured in some examples bordered at the bottom
a black painted band around the edge and with a notched cordon (ADd.09.386,
two grooves under it [see Fig. 5]. ADd.09.388); the bodies often presented
Dish ADd.09.406 (type 6A), a Red impressed matting and an engraved
Ware product, was exceptional; it was multiple zigzag pattern [Fig. 6]. The
decorated with white-painted stars on the production tradition in the case of these
lower part above the base [see Fig. 5]. bottles derives from post-Meroitic times
Bowls were slightly more numerous (Phillips 2003: 403). The one wheel-
than dishes. All were deep hemispherical made bottle (ADd.09.411) is red-slipped,
forms, both closed (type 1) and open polished on the surface, featuring a groove
(type 2). Bowls of type 1 were covered under the rim and at the base of the
with a plain red unpolished slip, e.g. neck [see Fig. 6]. Analogous vessels from
ADd.09.347 [see Fig. 5], the one Ed-Diffar were described as “Transitional/
exception being ADd.09.409, which was very Early Dongola” (Phillips 2003:
decorated with a groove under the rim, and Pl. 33g).
ADd.09.408 with polished surface and Vases represented two types. The
painted orange-black band under the rim first one had flaring walls (ADd.09.353)
and broad orange band between arcaded covered with an orange-red polished
bands with a guilloche in the center on slip and black motifs on a yellow ground
the body [see Fig. 5]. Those of type 2 [see [see Fig. 6] characteristic of early
Fig. 5] represented Red Ware, decorated Dongolan products (Pluskota 1991:
with grooves in the upper part: one Fig. 14). The other type was a bulbous
(ADd.09.351), two (ADd.09.352) or five form (ADd.09.414) with smooth yellow
(ADd.09.381). Vessels of this type derive slip and brown painted decoration [see
from a post-Meroitic ceramic tradition Fig. 6]. Analogous vessels were discovered
represented among others by finds from in the fill of the pottery kilns on kom R
the tombs in Gebel el-Ghaddar (Żurawski in Dongola (Pluskota 2001: 261, Fig. 6).
1995: Pl. 14). Red bowls ADd.09.346 and Cooking vessels represented a standard
ADd.09.349 with black bands on the rim repertoire of forms and decoration.
are a unique product [see Fig. 5]. Meriting attention is a finely made vessel,
Tableware included also a few very ADd.09.390, the neck red-slipped and
fragmented thin-walled cups ADd.09.376 polished with a series of round knobs
and ADd.09.382, showing painted brown at the base [see Fig. 6]. A fragment of a doka
and black motifs on a light-coloured slip: (ADd.09.430) bore engraved crossing
a horizontal line with a presumed arm of lines at the edge, perforations below this
a cross and part of a rectangular metope. and mat impressions on the body. Last
Cups of this kind are typical of the earliest but not least in this group are two small

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Fig. 6. Vase, bottle, kitchen ware vessel and abriq from the under-floor deposit in unit B.I.37

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red-slipped pots used as a kettle (abriq?): The form and decoration are unparalleled
a plain smaller one (ADd.09.344) and a among Dongolan products and may have
larger one (ADd.09.357) painted with been borrowed from Egypt; indeed,
black motifs on yellow ground [see Fig. 6]. the vessel may be an import. Similar
One of the two storage containers from vessels are known from, among others,
the under-floor deposit, ADd.09.415, 5th and 6th century assemblages from Tod
was red-slipped on the outside, sported (Lecuyot, Pierrat-Bonnefois 2004: 155,
a yellow-white slip on the inside, and Pl. 3.33), mid 6th and mid 7th century
a thick roll of clay applied below the rim layers in Tell Arbid where figural, plant
[Fig. 7]. The other vessel, ADd.09.429 [see and animal representations are known to
Fig. 7] has a unique shape and decoration appear beside geometric motifs (Górecki
in the form of finger impressions on 1990: 35, 37, Figs 13–14) and Elephantine
the rim, black-painted motifs ( spirals, although there spiral decoration is found
dotted lines, double festoons with dots on vessels differing from ADd.09.429,
between the lines) and rope impressions dated from the 5th through the
in the bottom part. Two inscriptions of 7th centuries (Gempeler 1992: 173–174,
identical content appeared on the upper Figs 105,2, 107,3).
part at a certain distance from one Amphorae definitely dominated the
another; they can be read as ΠΑΖΑΜΑ under-floor deposit from B.I.37. Individual
(A. Łajtar, personal communication). vessels were relatively well preserved and

Fig. 7. Storage container from the under-floor deposit in unit B.I.37

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it is estimated that there could have been ADd.09.355, ADd.09.356 [see Fig. 8],
as many as 50 containers with only 10% referred to as type K715 on Elephantine, said
of these representing locally made wares. to have been in use there from the 6th to the
It is the biggest concentration of imported 7th/8th century AD (Gempeler 1992: 191,
vessels discovered so far in a single context Fig.122,1–5). Amphora ADd.09.398 had
in Dongola. The best preserved in this a broad white band painted on the shoulder
assemblage was a set of 17 south Egyptian and all of the vessels from the under-floor
amphorae, among others, ADd.09.354, deposit wee thickly resinated on the inside.

Fig. 8. Amphorae from the under-floor deposit in unit B.I.37

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The next most numerous group in Amphoras of local manufacture

the deposit comprised 20 fragmentary (e.g. ADd.09.451, ADd.09.454) were
amphorae of the LR 7 type, which was definitely less numerous compared to
a staple product of Middle Egyptian sherds of imported containers. All were
pottery workshops. The shoulders of typical Dongolan products (types B and
these vessels differed from gently rounded C) recorded in the 6th and 7th century
(ADd.09.394) to sharply carinated with layers of the pottery kilns discovered on
strong ribbing on the surface (ADd.09.392) kom R (Pluskota 2005: 229–230, Fig. 8).
and an applied wavy band (ADd.09.391). Some bore painted monograms on the
All the sherds had resinated black surfaces shoulders (e.g. ADd.09.412), analogous to
on the inside. Brown LR 7 amphorae were the ones found in the fill of the unit above
extremely common and are a common the floor.
find on archaeological sites in Egypt and The deposit also contained an
beyond, e.g. Deir el-Naqlun (Godlewski incomplete single-nozzle oil lamp
1990: Figs 20, 21, 24; Górecki 1993: Fig. (ADd.09.343) of the “candle-holder” type
II.4) and Kellia (Egloff 1977: Pl. 58.5,8). [Fig. 9]. Analogous objects are known
Other imported amphorae represented from Lower Nubia (Adams 1986: Fig.
bag-shaped LR 5/6 vessels from the 278.19), the graves of Gebel el-Ghaddar
Mareotis region, e.g. ADd.09.399, (Żurawski 1995: Pl. 11) and Dongola
ADd.09.401, ADd.09.402, ADd.09.403 (Bagińska 2008: Fig. 1j).
[see Fig. 8]. Dongolan examples are
yellow-slipped with combed decoration on
the upper parts and ribbing below, black-
resinated inside. LR 5/6 amphorae have
been discovered in Egypt, at Kellia for
example (Egloff 1977: Pl. 6.4; Ballet, Picon
1987: 33–34) and Alexandria (Majcherek
2008: Fig. 7.5), as well as in Lower Nubia
(Adams 1986: 574, Fig. 316.21).
There was one example of
an imported LR 4 amphora (ADd.09.400)
[see Fig. 8]. The surface below the rim was
smeared with wet clay and the inside bore
evidence of being resinated. Analogous
amphorae are known from, among other
places, Alexandria: type 4 according to
G. Majcherek (1995: 169, Pl. 7.2), and Fig. 9. Oil lamp from the deposit under room
Old Cairo (Gascoigne 2007: 165, Fig. 8). B.I.37 in Dongola

Katarzyna Danys-Lasek
elfik777@o2.pl

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university of warsaw

polish archaeology
in the mediterranean

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contents

Acknowledgments .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Obituaries
Aleksandra Krzyżanowska........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Abbreviations and standard references. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Pam RePORTS
Pcma field missions and projects in 2009 (with map).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Egypt
Alexandria
Alexandria Kom el-Dikka: excavations and preservation work.
Preliminary report 2008/2009
Grzegorz Majcherek ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Appendix: Auditorium E: exploration in season 2009
.Karol Juchniewicz, Katarzyna Lach .... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Kom el-Dikka 2005–2009: selected anthropological research
.Robert Mahler ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Marea
Marea. Report 2009
Hanna Szymańska , Krzysztof Babraj ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Marea 2009: pottery from the excavations
Anna Drzymuchowska .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Marina El-Alamein
Marina el-Alamein. Conservation work in the 2009 season
Stanisław Medeksza , Rafał Czerner, Grażyna Bąkowska with contributions by I. Fuks-
Rembisz, W. Grzegorek, G. Majcherek, M. Mrozek-Wysocka, P. Zambrzycki.. . . . . . . . . . . 79

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Tell El-Retaba
Tell el-Retaba: season 2009
Sławomir Rzepka, Jozef Hudec......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Appendix: Tell el-Retaba: Archaeobotanical Studies
.Claire Malleson........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Tell el-Retaba 2009: the pottery
Anna Wodzińska . ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Tell El-Farkha
Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala). Season 2009
Marek Chłodnicki, Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Saqqara
Saqqara 2008–2009
Karol Myśliwiec .......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
Appendix: conservation work in Saqqara (2008–2009)
Zbigniew Godziejewski .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
Saqqara 2008–2009: the pottery
Teodozja I. Rzeuska ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
NAQLUN
Naqlun (Nekloni) excavations in 2008–2009
Włodzimierz Godlewski . .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Appendix: Naqlun 2008: archaeobotanical studies
Jarosław Zieliński . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
Refuse dump in sector B in Naqlun: excavation report 2008–2009
Tomasz Derda, Dorota Dzierzbicka .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
Pottery from the refuse dump under unit B.26 in Naqlun
Katarzyna Danys-Lasek . ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222
Two burials from cemetery A in Naqlun: archaeological
and anthropological remarks
Dorota Dzierzbicka, Marzena Ożarek .. ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
On the collection of wooden finds from Naqlun again
Jarosław Zieliński, Iwona Zych . .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244
Deir El-Bahari
Conservation work in the Hatshepsut Temple in Deir el-Bahari (2009)
Rajmund Gazda . ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
Sandstone sphinxes of Queen Hatshepsut from Deir el-Bahari:
preliminary remarks
Agata Smilgin ........................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255

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Temple of Tuthmosis III in Deir el-Bahari in 2008 and 2009:

work in the stores and field
Monika Dolińska ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
The Temple of Tuthmosis I rediscovered
Jadwiga Iwaszczuk . ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
Dakhleh Oasis
Dakhleh Oasis Project. Petroglyph Unit: rock art research, 2009
Ewa Kuciewicz, Michał Kobusiewicz . ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

Sudan
Old Dongola
Dongola 2008–2009
Włodzimierz Godlewski ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289
Appendix: Conservation of wall paintings inside the former Throne
Hall of the Makurian kings in Dongola (2009 season)
Cristobal Calaforra-Rzepka . ................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312
Dongola 2009: Pottery from Building I (Kom A)
Katarzyna Danys-Lasek ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315
Wall inscriptions in a burial vault under the Northwest Annex
of the Monastery on Kom H (Dongola 2009)
Adam Łajtar, Jacques van der Vliet ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330
Crypts 1 and 2 in the Northwest Annex of the Monastery on Kom H
in Dongola: report on the exploration in 2009
Włodzimierz Godlewski, Robert Mahler, Barbara Czaja-Szewczak .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338
EL-ZUMA
The pottery from four tumuli graves in el-Zuma (2009)
Edyta Klimaszewska-Drabot, Ewa Czyżewska .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361
FOURTH CATARACT
Research in the PCMA UW concession on the Fourth Cataract
(Hamdab Dam Rescue project). Interim report 2009
Marek Chłodnicki . ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377
Rock art research in the Fourth Cataract region, season 2009
Ewa Kuciewicz, Andrzej Rozwadowski . ... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387
Excavations in 2009 in the environs of El-Ar village
(Fourth Cataract region, Sudan)
Anna Longa ........................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393
El-Ar 31: excavations of late/post-Meroitic tumuli. Preliminary report
Artur Buszek, Michał Kurzyk . ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399

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Cyprus
Nea Paphos
Nea Paphos. Season 2009
Henryk Meyza in cooperation with Wiktor Andrzej Daszewski, Aleksandra Brzozowska,
Joanna Michalska, Joanna K. Rądkowska, and Monika Więch.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407

Lebanon
JIYEH
Preliminary report on the 2008 and 2009 excavation seasons at Jiyeh
(Porphyreon)
Tomasz Waliszewski, Karol Juchniewicz, Mariusz Gwiazda .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423
Appendix 1. Sunken vessels in late Roman and Byzantine Houses
in area D
Mariusz Gwiazda .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439
Appendix 2. Preliminary remarks on thresholds from private
houses in Jiyeh (Porphyreon)
Mariusz Gwiazda . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441
Local Hellenistic ‘Phoenician’-type amphora and other pottery
vessels from excavations in Jiyeh (Porphyreon) (seasons 2008–2009)
Urszula Wicenciak ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446
Ground and aerial photogrammetric documentation in Jiyeh
(Porphyreon)
Miron Bogacki ........................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

Syria
PALMYRA
Polish Archaeological Mission to Palmyra. Seasons 2008 and 2009
Grzegorz Majcherek . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459
HAWARTE
Excavations in Hawarte 2008–2009
Michał Gawlikowski .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481
Glass finds from the mithraeum in Hawarte
Krystyna Gawlikowska ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496
TELL ARBID
Tell Arbid 2008–2009. Preliminary report on the results of the
thirteenth and fourteenth seasons of Polish-Syrian excavations
Piotr Bieliński . .......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511

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Adam Mickiewicz University excavations in Sector P at Tell Arbid

(spring2009)
Rafał Koliński ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .537
TELL QARAMEL
Tell Qaramel: excavations 2009
Ryszard F. Mazurowski .. ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559

Pam Studies
Adult burials of Ninevite 5 date on Tell Arbid (2007–2008)
Dariusz Szeląg ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .585
Chariot terracotta models from Tell Arbid
Mattia Raccidi . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605
New Protodynastic serekhs from the Nile Delta: the case of finds
from Tell el-Farkha
Mariusz A. Jucha .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .625
Pithos-type vessels from ChhÎm: preliminary assessment of finds
from 1996-2009
Zofia Kowarska, Szymon Lenarczyk ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643
Buildings on Site B at Naqlun (Nekloni)
Szymon Maślak ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .653
Zooarchaeological analysis of material from cisterns STR 1/96–97
and HA/NEH 2.16.3 in Nea Paphos
Ewelina Tepe ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .677
Animal bone remains from Sheikh Abd el-Gurna:
issues and opportunities
Urszula Iwaszczuk .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .691
Animals in rock art. Results of archaeozoological research
at the site of el-Gamamiya 67 (Fourth Cataract, Sudan)
Marta Osypińska . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703
Index of sites . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .715
Guidelines for authors . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .716

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