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    2.25 Advanced Fluid Mechanics: MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering

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    Bruno Henrique Hoinschy
    Solution Advanced Shapiro

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2.25 Advanced Fluid Mechanics: MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Bruno Henrique Hoinschy
    466 views4 pages
    Solution Advanced Shapiro

    Original Title

    2_25F13_Shapi7.12_Solution_SHAPIRO

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    Solution Advanced Shapiro

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    466 views4 pages

    2.25 Advanced Fluid Mechanics: MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Bruno Henrique Hoinschy
    Solution Advanced Shapiro

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    At a glance
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    The problem discusses dimensional analysis and dynamic similarity for incompressible flow through a series of geometrically similar machines. It derives relations for volume flow rate, rotational speed, impeller diameter, fluid viscosity, density and change in head across the machine.

    Dynamic similarity requires that volume flow rate over rotational speed times impeller diameter cubed and rho times volume flow rate over fluid viscosity times impeller diameter be fixed constants.

    The change in head across the machine over rho times rotational speed squared times impeller diameter squared must remain constant.

    MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering

    2.25 Advanced Fluid Mechanics

    Problem 7.12
    This problem is from “Advanced Fluid Mechanics Problems” by A.H. Shapiro and A.A. Sonin

    Consider an incompressible flow through a series of geometrically similar machines such as fans, pumps,
    hydraulic turbines, etc. If Q denotes volume flow, ω rotational speed, D impeller diameter, µ fluid viscosity,
    and ρ fluid density,

    (a) show that dynamic similarity requires that Q/ωD3 and ρQ/µD be fixed.

    (b) Show that if Q/ωD3 and ρQ/µD are fixed in a series of tests, then ΔP/ρω 2 D2 must remain constant,
    where ΔP is the change in head across the machine, expressed in pressure units.

    (c) Find the form of the relation between the work output per unit mass of fluid W , and the the given
    variables, in a series of tests where Q/ωD3 and ρQ/µD are fixed.

    2.25 Advanced Fluid Mechanics 1 c 2011, MIT


    Copyright ©
    Dimensional Analysis A.H. Shapiro and A.A. Sonin 7.12

    Solution:
    (a) The variables in the problem are related through f (Q, ω, D, µ, ρ, ΔP ) = 0 where

    Q [L3 T−1 ] : Volume flow rate


    ω [T−1 ] : Rotational Speed
    D [L] : Impeller diameter
    µ [ML−1 T−1 ] : Fluid viscosity
    ρ [ML−3 ] : Fluid density
    ΔP [ML−1 T−1 ] : Change in head across machine

    As our primary variables, we pick ρ for the fluid, ω for the flow and D for the geometry. We have

    n = 6 variables
    r = 3 primary dimensions
    ⇒ j = 6 − 3 = 3 dimensionless groups

    Now,
    Q
    Π1 = (7.12a)
    ρa ω b D c
    By inspection, we find a = 0, b = 1 and c = 3. Therefore
    Q
    Π1 = (7.12b)
    ωD3
    Similarly, we find
    µ
    Π2 = (7.12c)
    ρωD2

    Let
    Π1
    Π′ = (7.12d)
    Π2
    Q ρωD2
    = × (7.12e)
    ωD3 µ
    ρQ
    ⇒ Π′ = (7.12f)
    µD

    Therefore, dynamic similarity requires that


    Q
    Π1 = = C1 (7.12g)
    ωD3
    ρQ
    and Π′ = = C2 (7.12h)
    µD
    where C1 and C2 are constants.

    (b) The third non-dimensional group is given by

    ΔP
    Π3 = (7.12i)
    ρω 2 D2

    2.25 Advanced Fluid Mechanics 2 c 2011, MIT


    Copyright ©
    Dimensional Analysis A.H. Shapiro and A.A. Sonin 7.12

    Therefore, from the Buckingham Π theorem,

    Π3 = f (Π1 , Π′ ) (7.12j)
    ΔP Q ρQ
    ⇒ = f( , ) (7.12k)
    ρω 2 D2 ωD3 µD

    Q ′ ρQ
    Now if Π1 = ωD 3 and Π = µD are constants, then f (Π1 , Π′ ) = f (C1 , C2 ) = C where C is a constant. Hence,
    equation (7.12k) implies
    ΔP
    =C (7.12l)
    ρω 2 D2

    (c) The work output w is given by


    w = QΔP (7.12m)
    We know from equation (7.12h) that Q = C1 ωD3 and from equation 7.12l that ΔP = Cρω 2 D2 . Substituting
    this into equation (7.12m), we have

    w = C1 Cρω 3 D5 = Kρω 3 D5 (7.12n)

    where K is a constant. Thus we have per unit mass that

    w
    W = = KD2 ω 3 (7.12o)
    ρD3

    Problem Solution by Aditya Jaishankar, Fall 2011

    2.25 Advanced Fluid Mechanics 3 c 2011, MIT


    Copyright ©
    MIT OpenCourseWare
    http://ocw.mit.edu

    2.25 Advanced Fluid Mechanics


    Fall 2013

    For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

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