Pesa Dynamics

Mohd Faisal bin Abdullah
2009428098
SAMPLE OF CALCULATION
Theory Calculation:
x
 = rx.sin  . and x = x2 + 2rx.sin . + rx.cos .2
(r.cos  –x) (r.cos  - x)
Where,
When θ = 30 , r = 7.9cm, L = 20.8cm, q = 1.22cm, ω = 1 rad/s

x = (r + L) – q
x= (7.9 +20.8) – 1.22 = 27.48cm
At  = 30
x
 = (79 ) (27.48) sin 30 . 1 rad/s
(79 . cos 30 – 27.48 )
= -0.259cm/s
At  = 30
x = x2 + 2rx.sin . + rx.cos .2
(r.cos  –x)
= (27.48)2 + 2(79)(27.48).sin 30.(1) + (79)(27.48).cos 30.(1)2
(79.(cos 30) –27.48)
= -8.43m/s2
2009428098
Angle(θ) (cm)
 (cm/s)
x (cm/s2)
0 28.7 0 -10.90
30 27.48 -5.259 -8.43
60 23.5 -8.220 -2.45
90 19.02 -7.900 3.28
120 15.48 -5.450 5.45
150 13.40 -2.615 7.43
180 12.78 0 4.88
210 12.78 2.573 5.15
240 15.6 5.459 5.45
270 19.02 7.900 3.28
300 23.44 8.228 -2.49
330 27.24 5.275 -8.46
360 28.7 0 -10.90
Experimental calculation :
dx dx d dx
Given, x     
dt dt dt d
dx
Where, is the slope of the graph x against  .
d
From the result, calculate the displacement, x for all position using formula :
x  (r  l )  q
2009428098
Displacement(x) VS Angle(0)
35
Disp lacem en t,x
30
25
20
x
15
10
5
0
0 100 200 300 400
Angle,0
Graph 1
dx dx d dx
x     
dt dt dt d
Where, dx = x the change of the displacement. At  = 1 rad/s constant.
 = 30  = 0.523rad ; x = 27.48cm
 = 27.49
x
0.523
x
 52.562 cm/s
2009428098
dx/d0 VS O
10
5
dx/d0
0
-5 0 100 200 300 400
-10
Angle, 0
Graph 2
From,
dx dx d dx
x     
dt dt dt d
Differentiate again, we get

dx  dx  d  dx   d  dx  d  d  dx 
x                 
2
dt  dt  dt  d   dt  d  dt  d  d 
Where, dx = q the change of the displacement. At  = 1 rad/s constant.
 = 30  ; x = 27.48cm ;
dx
= 52.562 cm/s
d
x = 52.56
0.523
x 100.506 cm/s

2009428098
DISCUSSION:
 There are totally different between the experimental values and the theoretical
values. It is because errors that occurred during the experiment and while doing
the calaulations.
 There are some type of errors that we identified from this experiment :
Because of equipment – sometime the equipment give some effect to the result.
During the experiment we use the old equipments such as old rules. Old equipment
do not have high accuracy.
 The theoretical value straightly we got from the formula, but the experimental
value we must plotted graph to the value from it’s slope.
 My suggestion, how to reduce the errors on the slider crank mechanism:
o Check and maintain regularly to make sure that it is precise and accurate
all the time.
o To run smoothly without any disturbance due to rust or wear.
o More carefully while taking the readings at the slider’s ruler.
 when compared its value of velocity and acceleration, which has a lot percentage
error. Graph 1 shows that the values of velocity (experiment). It gradually
declines from angle 00 to 1800 (minimum point), when 1800 to 3600 the value of
velocity is gradually incline.
 Graph 2 shows that the value of acceleration (experiment) is gradually inclined

from angle 1650 to 2800 (maximum point), when 2800 to 3600 the value of
acceleration is gradually declined.
2009428098
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, the objective experiment is achieved, where the objective is only to

determine the velocity and acceleration of the slider crank and to observe the motion of
slider crank due to the angle.
The position and displacement is the most important thing that considered in this
experiment. It has a big relation to the velocity and acceleration that is why the
movement of the velocity and acceleration not moved smoothly. When we do this
experiment, we have tried to achieve the minimum value of the error, so that the best
value can be found. This application also can use in hydraulic cylinder equipment
example like backhoe that can arrange to give it a wide range of operating position.

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Mohd Faisal bin Abdullah

When θ = 30 , r = 7.9cm, L = 20.8cm, q = 1.22cm, ω = 1 rad/s

x= (7.9 +20.8) – 1.22 = 27.48cm

Where, dx = x the change of the displacement. At  = 1 rad/s constant.

Differentiate again, we get

Where, dx = q the change of the displacement. At  = 1 rad/s constant.

x 100.506 cm/s

 My suggestion, how to reduce the errors on the slider crank mechanism:

o To run smoothly without any disturbance due to rust or wear.

o More carefully while taking the readings at the slider’s ruler.

 Graph 2 shows that the value of acceleration (experiment) is gradually inclined

In conclusion, the objective experiment is achieved, where the objective is only to

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