SECTION 1.

1 Numbers

Chapter 1
Introductory Information and Review

Section 1.1: Numbers

 Types of Numbers
 Order on a Number Line

Types of Numbers

Natural Numbers:

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CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

Example:

Solution:

Even/Odd Natural Numbers:

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 SECTION 1.1 Numbers

Whole Numbers:

Example:

Solution:

Integers:

MATH 1300 Fundamentals of Mathematics 3

CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

Example:

Solution:

Even/Odd Integers:

Example:

Solution:

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 SECTION 1.1 Numbers

Rational Numbers:

Example:

Solution:

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CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

Irrational Numbers:

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 SECTION 1.1 Numbers

Real Numbers:

Example:

Solution:

MATH 1300 Fundamentals of Mathematics 7

CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

Note About Division Involving Zero:

Additional Example 1:

Solution:

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 SECTION 1.1 Numbers

Additional Example 2:

Solution:

Natural Numbers:

Whole Numbers:

Integers:

Prime/Composite Numbers:

Positive/Negative Numbers:

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CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

Even/Odd Numbers:

Rational Numbers:

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 SECTION 1.1 Numbers

Additional Example 3:

Solution:

Natural Numbers:

Whole Numbers:

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CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

Integers:

Prime/Composite Numbers:

Positive/Negative Numbers:

Even/Odd Numbers:

Rational Numbers:

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 SECTION 1.1 Numbers

Additional Example 4:

Solution:

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CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

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 SECTION 1.1 Numbers

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CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

Order on a Number Line

The Real Number Line:

Example:

Solution:

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 SECTION 1.1 Numbers

Inequality Symbols:

The following table describes additional inequality symbols.

Example:

Solution:

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CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

Example:

Solution:

Example:

Solution:

Additional Example 1:

Solution:

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 SECTION 1.1 Numbers

Additional Example 2:

Solution:

MATH 1300 Fundamentals of Mathematics 19

CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

Additional Example 3:

Solution:

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 SECTION 1.1 Numbers

Additional Example 4:

Solution:

MATH 1300 Fundamentals of Mathematics 21

CHAPTER 1 Introductory Information and Review

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 Exercise Set 1.1: Numbers

State whether each of the following numbers is prime, 6. (a)  (b) 0.6 (c) 8
composite, or neither. If composite, then list all the
1.3 4
factors of the number. (d) (e)  (f)  9
4.7 5
1. (a) 8 (b) 5 (c) 1 (g) 3.1 (h) 10 (i) 0
(d) 7 (e) 12 7
(j) (k) 0.03003000300003…
9
2. (a) 11 (b) 6 (c) 15
(d) 0 (e) 2 Circle all of the words that can be used to describe
each of the numbers below.
Answer the following. 7. 9
3. In (a)-(e), use long division to change the Even Odd Positive Negative
Prime Composite Natural Whole
following fractions to decimals. Integer Rational Irrational Real
1 2 3
Undefined
(a) 9
(b) 9
(c) 9

(d) 4
9
(e) 5
9
Note: 3
9
 1
3 8. 0.7
Notice the pattern above and use it as a Even Odd Positive Negative
shortcut in (f)-(m) to write the following Prime Composite Natural Whole
Integer Rational Irrational Real
fractions as decimals without performing Undefined
long division.
6 7 8
(f) 9
(g) 9
(h) 9 9. 2
9 10 14
(i) 9
(j) 9
(k) 9 Even Odd Positive Negative
Prime Composite Natural Whole
(l) 25
9
(m) 29
9
Note: 6
9
 2
3 Integer Rational Irrational Real
Undefined

4. Use the patterns from the problem above to 4

10. 
change each of the following decimals to either a 7
proper fraction or a mixed number. Even Odd Positive Negative
Prime Composite Natural Whole
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.7 (c) 2.3 Integer Rational Irrational Real
Undefined
(d) 1.2 (e) 4.5 (f) 7.6

Answer the following.

State whether each of the following numbers is
rational or irrational. If rational, then write the 11. Which elements of the set
number as a ratio of two integers. (If the number is
already written as a ratio of two integers, simply 8,  2.1,  0.4, 0, 7,  , 15
4 
, 5, 12 belong
rewrite the number.) to each category listed below?

3 (a) Even (b) Odd

5. (a) 0.7 (b) 5 (c) (c) Positive (d) Negative
7
(e) Prime (f) Composite
(d) 5 (e) 16 (f) 0.3 (g) Natural (h) Whole
2.3 (i) Integer (j) Real
(g) 12 (h) (i) e (k) Rational (l) Irrational
3.5
(m) Undefined
(j)  4 (k) 0.04004000400004...

MATH 1300 Fundamentals of Mathematics 23

 Exercise Set 1.1: Numbers

12. Which elements of the set 19. Find a real number that is not a rational number.
6.25,  4 3
4
,  3,  5,  1, 2
5
, 1, 2, 10 20. Find a whole number that is not a natural
belong to each category listed below? number.

(a) Even (b) Odd 21. Find a negative integer that is not a rational
(c) Positive (d) Negative number.
(e) Prime (f) Composite
(g) Natural (h) Whole 22. Find an integer that is not a whole number.
(i) Integer (j) Real
(k) Rational (l) Irrational 23. Find a prime number that is an irrational number.
(m) Undefined
24. Find a number that is both irrational and odd.

Fill in each of the following tables. Use “Y” for yes if

the row name applies to the number or “N” for no if it Answer True or False. If False, justify your answer.j
does not.
25. All natural numbers are integers.

13. 26. No negative numbers are odd.

25 1 5 3 55 13.3
0 10
27. No irrational numbers are even.
Undefined
Natural
Whole 28. Every even number is a composite number.
Integer
Rational 29. All whole numbers are natural numbers.
Irrational
Prime
30. Zero is neither even nor odd.
Composite
Real
31. All whole numbers are integers.

14. 32. All integers are rational numbers.

0 2 2
2.36 0 7 93
5 2 33. All nonterminating decimals are irrational
Undefined numbers.
Natural
Whole
Integer 34. Every terminating decimal is a rational number.
Rational
Irrational
Prime
Composite
Real
Answer the following.

35. List the prime numbers less than 10.

Answer the following. If no such number exists, state
“Does not exist.” 36. List the prime numbers between 20 and 30.

15. Find a number that is both prime and even. 37. List the composite numbers between 7 and 19.

16. Find a rational number that is a composite 38. List the composite numbers between 31 and 41.
number. 39. List the even numbers between 13 and 97 .
17. Find a rational number that is not a whole 40. List the odd numbers between 29 and 123 .
number.

18. Find a prime number that is negative.

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 Exercise Set 1.1: Numbers

Fill in the appropriate symbol from the set  , ,   . 58. Find the multiplicative inverse of the following
numbers. If undefined, write “undefined.”
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 1
41. 7 ______ 7
(d)  23 (e) 2 73

42. 3 ______ 3
59. Find the multiplicative inverse of the following
numbers. If undefined, write “undefined.”
43.  7 ______ 7 (a) 2 (b) 95 (c) 0
(d) 1 53 (e) 1
44. 3 ______  3

60. Find the additive inverse of the following

45. 81 ______ 9
numbers. If undefined, write “undefined.”
(a) 2 (b) 95 (c) 0
46. 5 ______  25
(d) 1 53 (e) 1
53
47. 5.32 ______ 61. Place the correct number in each of the following
10
blanks:
7 (a) The sum of a number and its additive
48. ______ 0.07
100 inverse is _____. (Fill in the correct
number.)
1 1 (b) The product of a number and its
49. ______
3 4 multiplicative inverse is _____. (Fill in the
correct number.)
1 1
50. ______
6 5 62. Another name for the multiplicative inverse is
the ____________________.
1 1
51.  ______ 
3 4
Order the numbers in each set from least to greatest
1 1
52.  ______  and plot them on a number line.
6 5 (Hint: Use the approximations 2  1.41 and
53. 15 ______ 4 3  1.73 .)

 0 9 
54. 7 ______ 49 63. 1,  2, 0.4, ,  , 0.49 
 5 4 
55. 3 ______  9
 2 
64.   3 , 1 , 0.65 , ,  1.5 , 0.64 
56. 29 ______ 5  3 

Answer the following.

57. Find the additive inverse of the following

numbers. If undefined, write “undefined.”
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 1
(d)  32
(e) 2 7 3

MATH 1300 Fundamentals of Mathematics 25