Masonry

masonry
CE 162 - X
BAJARO. CUSTODIO. MALVEDA. VENTURA
- Discuss what masonry is
and its uses
objectives - Discuss how to estimate
masonry materials
Act of building in unit masonry
such as poured concrete,
clays, adobe, stone, brick,
and concrete blocks, which
are usually bounded together
by mortar
M A S O N R Y
Advantages
company
Disadvantages
clients
- resistant to projectiles - extreme weather can
or outside impacts cause degradation
- high compressive - masonry tends to be
strength heavy and must be built
upon strong foundation
masonry work
Materials needed:
1. Cement Hollow Blocks

2. Cement and Sand for Block
Laying
3. Cement, Sand and Gravel Filler for
the Hollow Core
4. Cement and Fine Sand for
Plastering
5. Cement , Sand and Gravel for
Foundation or Footing
6. Reinforcing Steel Bars
7. Tie Wires
Concrete Hollow Blocks
- Popularly known as CHB

- Classified as:
• Load Bearing
• Non - Bearing
- Standard has three void cells and
half cells at both ends
- Typical Dimensions:
• thickness = 100 mm (4"),
150 mm (6"),
200 mm (8")
• height = 200 mm (8")
• length = 400 mm (16")
Estimating By Fundamental
Materials Method
By Area Method
concrete hollow
blocks
Illustration 2-1
By Fundamental Method:
No. of CHB =
Total Height / Height of CHB
x Total Length/ Length of CHB
Answer: 1,950 pieces

From the figure, find the number of 4" x
8" x 16" concrete hollow blocs to
construct the fence
By Area Method:
Total no. of CHB =

No. of CHB per square meter
x Area in square meters
Answer: 1,950 pieces Form the figure above, one sqaure

meter area requires 12.5 pieces of
concrete hollow blocks (provided that
h = 0.20 m and l = 0.40 m)
For Concrete Posts and Its Footing
Amount of Material =
Total Volume
Illustration 2-2
x Factor from Table 1-2
Other Illustrations .
estimating cement mortar
cement mortar - bonding materials in installing masonry blocks
and other various plastering work
01 Mortar to be used in between the

layer of CHB
02 Mortar filler for the hollow core or

cell of the blocks
03 Fine screened sand for plastering

Illustration 2-3
From the figure, determine how many bags of
cement and sand needed to install the 150 pieces
10 x 20 x 40 cm CHB using class "B" mortar.
1. Find Total Volume

01 Volume Method
Volume of mortar to Volume of mortar in

be used to fill up cells +
between layers
x No. of CHB x Number of Layers
2. Multiply Factors from Table 2-1
Answer:
Cement: 6.26 bags
Sand: 0.522 cu. m
Area Method
02 1. Find the area of the wall
Answer:
Cement: 6.26 bags
Sand: 0.522 cu. m
1. Find the number of CHB

2. Convert to unit of 100
03 Hundred Block
Method
Answer:
Cement: 6.26 bags
Sand: 0.522 cu. m
cement mortar for plastering
Volume Method Area Method
Multiply Volume of Plaster by Multiply Area of Wall by
Factors in Table 2-1 Factors in Table 2-4
Illustratioin 2-4
Find the cement and sand
necessary to plaster to sides of
Answer:
previous example
Cement: 4.6 ~ 5 bags
Sand: 0.384 cu. m
Illustratioin 2-5
The owner of a commercial lot
wants to fence the frontage of
his lot with 15 x 20 x 40 cm
CHB. The fence is 3.5 m high
and 40 m long provided with a
25 x 25 cm reinforced concrete
posts spaced at 4 m distance.
Using Class B mixture, list
down the materials needed.
1. Subtract area occupied 1. (140 - 9.625) = 130.4 sq. m

by the posts to the gross 2. 130.4 x 12.5 = 1630 pieces
area. 3. Cement: 130.4 x 1.018 = 132.75 bags
2. Find number of CHB Sand: 130.4 x 0.0844 = 11.0 cu. m
3. Find amount to be used 4. 130.4 x 2 sides = 261 sq. m
Cement: 261 x 0.192 = 50 bags
as cement mortar Sand: 261 x 0.016 = 4.2 cu. m
4. Find amount to be used
as cement plaster Answer:
1630 15 x 20 x 40cm CHB
Remember to use class "B" mixture 183 bags of cement
for 15 x 20 x 40 CHB and 16mm thick 16 cu. m of sand
plaster
Concrete hollow block wall is supported by a
continuous wall footing of various thickness and
width, depending upon the size of the blocks and
the load it has to carry or as indicated in the plan.
CONCRETE HOLLOW
BLOCK FOOTING
Illustration 2-6
Prepare the bill of materials A. Solving for CHB
using class "B" mixture for 1. Subtract length
occupied by the post
concrete and mortar
from the gross perimeter
2. Find net area
3. Find number of CHB
B. Cement Mortar for Block

Laying
- Multiply area by factors
in table 2-2
Illustration 2-6
C. Cement Mortar for D. Solving for Concrete Post
Plastering and Footing
1. Find Area of 2 sides of wall 1. Materials for CHB Footing
2. Multiply the area by the 2. Find Volume of the
factors from Table 2-4 using concrete post
16 mm thick plaster class 3. Find Volume of footing
"B" mixture. 4. Total Volume of posts
and footing
5. Multiply factors from
Table 1-2
summary
2850 246 20 7.5

10 x 20 x 40 cm bags of cement cubic meters of cubic meters of
CHB sand gravel
Other
Types of
Concrete
Blocks
Illustration 2-7
A masonry wall 15 cm thick
requires 1500 pieces of 2-core
stretcher blocks, 100 pieces
single end block, 120 half
block, 200 corner blocks and
80 pieces beam block. Find
the cement sand and gravel
using class "B" mortar mixture
1. Itemize according to
category with no. of pieces
2. Multiply factors from Table
2-6
Summary of Materials
1500 stretcher blocks

200 L- corner blocks 119 bags of cement
120 half blocks 6.33 cu. m of sand
100 single end blocks 9.88 cu. m of gravel
80 beam blocks
decorative blocks
decorative blocksCentra Metropark
Petersen Museum
One Jackson Square
World Bank HQ
decorative ASA Research Hall
blocks
Danube House
Heron Tower
One Light Empire international
Covent Garden projects
Luxure Skydome
adobe stone
- Commonly used as a
substitute for concrete
hollow blocks
- Sometimes does not need

plastering for aesthetic
purposes
Illustratioin 2-8
From the figure, find the quantity of
adobe strone, cement and sand using Centra Metropark
class "B" mortar Petersen Museum
A. Solving for Adobe Stone Wall One Jackson Square
1. Deterermin the length of fence World Bank HQ
minus space occupied by the
buttresses ASA Research Hall
2. Solve the net Area
3. Multiply Factors from table 2-9
using 15 x 15 x 45 cm adobe stones
Danube House
Heron Tower
One Light Empire international
Covent Garden projects
Luxure Skydome
Illustratioin 2-8
B. Solving for the Buttresses C. Solving for Wall Footing

1. Find total length of post 1. Length of Fence minus
2. Multiply factors from table 2- 10 space occupied by the
using 30 x 45 buttress & 45 x buttress footing
60 buttress 2. Multiply by 6 stones per
3. Add results meter length.
02
03
Illustratioin 2-8
D. Solving for the Cement Mortar
1. Multiply area of fence by factor
from table 2-9
2. Multiply no. of stone pieces by
factor from table 2-10 using 30
x 45 buttress class "B" mixture.
3. Mortar for wall footing=82
E. Solving for Cement Plaster pcs. Multiply by factor from
table 2- 10 using class "B"
02
1. Find Total Surface Area of wall and
buttress to be plastered mixture
2. Multiply factors from table 2-11
summary
612 20 2.0
pieces of 15 x 15 x 45 bags of Portland cubic meters of sanf
cm adobe stone Cement
retaining wall
Satisfactory Retaing Wall Design must Satisfy the Following Criteria
The base and stem of the retainin The wall must be safe against
wall must be capable of resisting overturning
the internal shear and bending
moments developing as a result
of soil and other loadings
The bearing capacity of the

foundation material supporting
the wall must not be exceeded
The wall structure must be safe
against sliding
rip-rap
and
grouted
rip-rap
A stone rip-rap retaining wall
50 meters long as shown in
Figure 2-23 specify the use of
Class B stone with Class C
grout mixture. List down the
materials required including
the weep hole drain pipe
and the gravel back fill as
granular soil filter
Illustration 2-9
1. Find volume of proposed rip-rap
2. Multiply factors from table 2-12 using class B stone and
class C grout mixture
3. Length of rip-rap divided by the weep holes at 2.00 meters
spacing distance
4. For 2 layers weep holes, add 25 pieces 3" at 1.00 m
5. Find the volume of the granular soil (gravel) filter
260 cu. m of Class B stone
316 bags of Portland Cement
35 cu. m of Sand
5 cu. m of Gravel
21 pieces of 3" x 3.00 m PVC pipe
S U M M A R Y O F M A T E R I A L S
FOR BACK FILLING, ADD 20% TO VOLUME FOT COMPACTION

concrete retaining wall
Illustration 2-10
A gravity wall 50 m long

has the following
dimensions as shown in
the figure. List down the
materials required using
class A concrete
Illustration 2-10
Find total volume (volume of

stem plus footing) 01 05 Find volume of back fill
materials
Multiply factors from Table 1.2

02 06 Add 20% for compaction
SUMMARY:
For Wipe Hole pipe, divide
length by 2 meters 03 1148 Bags of cement
64 cu. m sand
128 cu. m gravel
7 pieces 3" x 6.00 PVC pipe

Find volume of gravel filter
filler
04 14 cu. m gravel
144 m back fill materials
Major Applications:
1. Slope stabilization
2. Prevention of erosion in river
Gabions
embankments
3. Coastal Protection in sea walls
and
and sand dunes
4. Construction of river weirs and
channel linings
Mattress
used to give permanent
5. Groynes project in into rivers,
protection and support to
inland waters and sea
6. Protection of bridge support many structures including
and surroundins seawalls, and road bridges
Overall size
(Length x Breadth x Height)
Specifications =2x1x1m
=4x1x1m
=3x1x1m
Wire Diameter (mm) Mesh Size

2.0 mm, (Width x Length of Mesh)
2.2 mm, 10 x 12 m
2.7 mm 8 x 10 m
6x6m
R E F E R E N C E S
Fajardo Jr., M. (2000). Simplified Construction

Estimate (pp. 41-85). Quezon City: 5138
Merchandising Publisher.
Div 04 Masonry. (2012).
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018).

Masonry. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16
April 2018, from
thanks for
the time
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masonry

1. Cement Hollow Blocks

- Popularly known as CHB

Answer: 1,950 pieces

Total no. of CHB =

Answer: 1,950 pieces Form the figure above, one sqaure

01 Mortar to be used in between the

02 Mortar filler for the hollow core or

03 Fine screened sand for plastering

1. Find Total Volume

Volume of mortar to Volume of mortar in

2. Multiply Factors from Table 2-1

1. Find the number of CHB

1. Subtract area occupied 1. (140 - 9.625) = 130.4 sq. m

B. Cement Mortar for Block

2850 246 20 7.5

1500 stretcher blocks

decorative ASA Research Hall

- Sometimes does not need

B. Solving for the Buttresses C. Solving for Wall Footing

The bearing capacity of the

FOR BACK FILLING, ADD 20% TO VOLUME FOT COMPACTION

A gravity wall 50 m long

Find total volume (volume of

Multiply factors from Table 1.2

7 pieces 3" x 6.00 PVC pipe

Wire Diameter (mm) Mesh Size

Fajardo Jr., M. (2000). Simplified Construction

Div 04 Masonry. (2012).

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018).

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