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Microbiology - Notes

This document provides an overview of microbiology and its key areas of study. It defines microbiology as the study of microbes like bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and parasites. It also discusses important pioneers in microbiology like Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, and Robert Koch and their contributions. Finally, it covers taxonomy, the process of classifying microorganisms, and methods used to identify organisms based on their genetic and phenotypic characteristics in diagnostic microbiology.

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Affie Saikol
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465 views

Microbiology - Notes

This document provides an overview of microbiology and its key areas of study. It defines microbiology as the study of microbes like bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and parasites. It also discusses important pioneers in microbiology like Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, and Robert Koch and their contributions. Finally, it covers taxonomy, the process of classifying microorganisms, and methods used to identify organisms based on their genetic and phenotypic characteristics in diagnostic microbiology.

Uploaded by

Affie Saikol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Affie’s Notes in Microbiology: Essentials to Medical Technology

 Microbiology can be defined as the study of microbes  Mycology is the study of fungi
 The non-living entities and living organisms that are  Phycology is the study of algae
microscopic (seen via microscope) are called microbes  Protozoology is the study of protozoa
or microorganisms  Parasitology is the study of parasites
 Different species of microbes live on and in us, they
Pioneers in Microbiology
are called indigenous microbiota or ‘normal flora’
 Microorganisms that “cause infectious disease” are Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) - was the first
defined as pathogens. person to see live bacteria and protozoa.
 Some of the microbes that colonize (inhabit) our
bodies are known as opportunistic pathogens (or Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) - Pasteurization can be used
opportunists) to kill pathogens in many types of liquids. It is
 Taxonomy is the area of biologic science comprising accomplished by heating liquids to:
three distinct but highly interrelated disciplines: 63°C to 65°C for 30 minutes
73°C to 75°C for 15 seconds
 Classification - is a method for organizing
microorganisms into groups or taxa based on similar
morphologic, physiologic, and genetic traits.
Robert Koch (1843–1910) - significant contributions to
o Species (specific epithet; lower case Latin the germ theory of disease. He is also known for Koch’s
adjective or noun) Postulates which states that:
o Genus (contains similar species) 1. A particular microbe must be found in all cases of the disease and
o Family (contains similar genera) must not be present in healthy animals or humans.
o Order (contains similar families) 2. The microbe must be isolated from the diseased animal or human
and grown in pure culture in the laboratory.
o Class (contains similar orders)
3. The same disease must be produced when microbes from the pure
o Phylum (contains similar classes; equivalent to
culture are inoculated into healthy susceptible laboratory animals.
the Division taxa in botany) 4. The same microbe must be recovered from the experimentally
o Kingdom (contains similar divisions or phyla) infected animals and grown again in pure culture.

 Nomenclature (naming) – must be according to the


--Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or the
Bacteriological Code (BC).
--Changes are documented at International Journal of
Systemic and Evolutionary Microbiology
E.g:
Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia.
-- Carl Linnaeus developed binominal nomenclature in
1735. The first name is called the genus and second
name is called the specific epithet, which is the name
of the species.

 Identification of organisms
Genotypic characteristics- relate to an organism’s
genetic makeup, including the nature of the
organism’s genes and constituent nucleic acids
 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition ratio
 Nucleic acid (DNA and ribonucleic acid [RNA]) base
sequence analysis, including hybridization assays
Phenotypic characteristics - based on features beyond
the genetic level and include both readily observable
characteristics and characteristics that may require
extensive analytic procedures to be detected
 Macroscopic morphology
 Microscopic morphology
 Staining characteristics
 Environmental requirements
 Nutritional requirements
 Resistance profiles
 Antigenic properties
 Subcellular properties
 In diagnostic microbiology, the following (above)
plays a central role in providing accurate and timely
diagnosis of infectious diseases.
 Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.
 Virology is the study of viruses

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