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    Microbiology - Notes

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    Affie Saikol
    This document provides an overview of microbiology and its key areas of study. It defines microbiology as the study of microbes like bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and parasites. It also discusses important pioneers in microbiology like Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, and Robert Koch and their contributions. Finally, it covers taxonomy, the process of classifying microorganisms, and methods used to identify organisms based on their genetic and phenotypic characteristics in diagnostic microbiology.

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    Microbiology - Notes

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    Affie Saikol
    348 views1 page
    This document provides an overview of microbiology and its key areas of study. It defines microbiology as the study of microbes like bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and parasites. It also discusses important pioneers in microbiology like Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, and Robert Koch and their contributions. Finally, it covers taxonomy, the process of classifying microorganisms, and methods used to identify organisms based on their genetic and phenotypic characteristics in diagnostic microbiology.

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    This document provides an overview of microbiology and its key areas of study. It defines microbiology as the study of microbes like bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and parasites. It also discusses important pioneers in microbiology like Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, and Robert Koch and their contributions. Finally, it covers taxonomy, the process of classifying microorganisms, and methods used to identify organisms based on their genetic and phenotypic characteristics in diagnostic microbiology.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    348 views1 page

    Microbiology - Notes

    Uploaded by

    Affie Saikol
    This document provides an overview of microbiology and its key areas of study. It defines microbiology as the study of microbes like bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and parasites. It also discusses important pioneers in microbiology like Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, and Robert Koch and their contributions. Finally, it covers taxonomy, the process of classifying microorganisms, and methods used to identify organisms based on their genetic and phenotypic characteristics in diagnostic microbiology.

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    Affie’s Notes in Microbiology: Essentials to Medical Technology

     Microbiology can be defined as the study of microbes  Mycology is the study of fungi
     The non-living entities and living organisms that are  Phycology is the study of algae
    microscopic (seen via microscope) are called microbes  Protozoology is the study of protozoa
    or microorganisms  Parasitology is the study of parasites
     Different species of microbes live on and in us, they
    Pioneers in Microbiology
    are called indigenous microbiota or ‘normal flora’
     Microorganisms that “cause infectious disease” are Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) - was the first
    defined as pathogens. person to see live bacteria and protozoa.
     Some of the microbes that colonize (inhabit) our
    bodies are known as opportunistic pathogens (or Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) - Pasteurization can be used
    opportunists) to kill pathogens in many types of liquids. It is
     Taxonomy is the area of biologic science comprising accomplished by heating liquids to:
    three distinct but highly interrelated disciplines: 63°C to 65°C for 30 minutes
    73°C to 75°C for 15 seconds
     Classification - is a method for organizing
    microorganisms into groups or taxa based on similar
    morphologic, physiologic, and genetic traits.
    Robert Koch (1843–1910) - significant contributions to
    o Species (specific epithet; lower case Latin the germ theory of disease. He is also known for Koch’s
    adjective or noun) Postulates which states that:
    o Genus (contains similar species) 1. A particular microbe must be found in all cases of the disease and
    o Family (contains similar genera) must not be present in healthy animals or humans.
    o Order (contains similar families) 2. The microbe must be isolated from the diseased animal or human
    and grown in pure culture in the laboratory.
    o Class (contains similar orders)
    3. The same disease must be produced when microbes from the pure
    o Phylum (contains similar classes; equivalent to
    culture are inoculated into healthy susceptible laboratory animals.
    the Division taxa in botany) 4. The same microbe must be recovered from the experimentally
    o Kingdom (contains similar divisions or phyla) infected animals and grown again in pure culture.

     Nomenclature (naming) – must be according to the


    --Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or the
    Bacteriological Code (BC).
    --Changes are documented at International Journal of
    Systemic and Evolutionary Microbiology
    E.g:
    Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia
    Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia.
    -- Carl Linnaeus developed binominal nomenclature in
    1735. The first name is called the genus and second
    name is called the specific epithet, which is the name
    of the species.

     Identification of organisms
    Genotypic characteristics- relate to an organism’s
    genetic makeup, including the nature of the
    organism’s genes and constituent nucleic acids
     Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition ratio
     Nucleic acid (DNA and ribonucleic acid [RNA]) base
    sequence analysis, including hybridization assays
    Phenotypic characteristics - based on features beyond
    the genetic level and include both readily observable
    characteristics and characteristics that may require
    extensive analytic procedures to be detected
     Macroscopic morphology
     Microscopic morphology
     Staining characteristics
     Environmental requirements
     Nutritional requirements
     Resistance profiles
     Antigenic properties
     Subcellular properties
     In diagnostic microbiology, the following (above)
    plays a central role in providing accurate and timely
    diagnosis of infectious diseases.
     Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.
     Virology is the study of viruses

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