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    Emona Lab Report

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    Gmind
    The document summarizes an experiment using a Telecoms-Trainer 101 device to model equations by adding electrical signals. It describes adding two identical signals, which should yield an output equal to the sum of the inputs. It also describes adding two signals where one is phase shifted by 180 degrees, which should yield a null output. The document outlines the theoretical background, equipment, procedures, results, discussion of errors from non-ideal conditions, and conclusions.

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    Emona Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    Gmind
    406 views14 pages
    The document summarizes an experiment using a Telecoms-Trainer 101 device to model equations by adding electrical signals. It describes adding two identical signals, which should yield an output equal to the sum of the inputs. It also describes adding two signals where one is phase shifted by 180 degrees, which should yield a null output. The document outlines the theoretical background, equipment, procedures, results, discussion of errors from non-ideal conditions, and conclusions.

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    The document summarizes an experiment using a Telecoms-Trainer 101 device to model equations by adding electrical signals. It describes adding two identical signals, which should yield an output equal to the sum of the inputs. It also describes adding two signals where one is phase shifted by 180 degrees, which should yield a null output. The document outlines the theoretical background, equipment, procedures, results, discussion of errors from non-ideal conditions, and conclusions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    406 views14 pages

    Emona Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    Gmind
    The document summarizes an experiment using a Telecoms-Trainer 101 device to model equations by adding electrical signals. It describes adding two identical signals, which should yield an output equal to the sum of the inputs. It also describes adding two signals where one is phase shifted by 180 degrees, which should yield a null output. The document outlines the theoretical background, equipment, procedures, results, discussion of errors from non-ideal conditions, and conclusions.

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    You are on page 1of 14
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are about adding electrical signals together using an adder module and investigating the effects of phase shifting one of the signals. The document describes setting up experiments to model these equations and analyze the results.

    Two electrical signals were added together by connecting the output of the signal generator to both inputs of the adder module. The gains of the inputs were adjusted to be 1 so that the output signal amplitude was the sum of the two input amplitudes, as predicted by the equation.

    A phase shifted signal was added by connecting the output of the signal generator to one input of the adder module and passing the other signal through a phase shifter module before the second adder input. The phase was adjusted to try and achieve opposite signals summing to 0 output.

    Running head: LAB REPORT 1

    Using the Telecoms-Trainer 101 to model equations


    Name

    Institution
    LAB REPORT 2

    Abstract

    The experiment introduces the student to modelling equations by using the Emona Telecoms-

    Trainer 101 to implement two relatively simple equations. Adding two same electrical signals

    and adding two electrical signals where one is phase shifted.

    Project Description

    The first part of the experiment used the Adder module to add two same electrical signals

    together. Adder module output = signal A + Signal B. the second part of the experiment involved

    adding two electrical signals but one of them being phase shifted.

    Theoretical Background

    When two signals are 1800 out of phase, they are out of step by half cycle. As one signal goes up

    the other goes down as shown in figure 1 below.

    Figure 1

    The first part of the experiment is using the Adder module to add two electrical signals together.

    Mathematically, implementing equation:

    Adder module output = Signal A + Signal B


    LAB REPORT 3

    The second part of the experiment involves adding two electrical signals together but one of the

    will be phase shifted. Mathematically, implementing equation:

    Adder module output = Signal A + Signal B (with phase shift)

    Two signals having same amplitude and frequency, if the phase shift is exactly 1800, then their

    voltages at any point in the waveform is always exactly opposite. Thus, Adder module output =

    0Vp-p

    Methods and Materials

    Equipment

    1. Emona Telecom-Trainer 101 (plus power-pack).

    2. Dual channel 29MHz oscilloscope.

    3. Two Emona Telecom-Trainer 101 patch leads.

    4. Assorted Emona Telecom-Trainer 101 patch leads.

    Experimental Procedure

    1. Gather the equipment listed above.

    2. Set up the scope per the instructions in experiment 1. Ensure that the trigger source

    control is set to the CN1 (or INT) position and the mode control is set to the CH1

    position.

    3. Locate the Adder module and set its G and g controls to about the middle of their travel.

    4. Connect the set up as shown in figure 2 below.


    LAB REPORT 4

    Figure 2

    The set up above can be represented by the block diagram in figure 3 below.

    Figure 3

    5. Adjust the scope’s Timebase control to view two or so cycles of the Master Signals

    module’s 2 kHz SINE output.

    6. Disconnect the lead to the Adder module B input.

    7. Measure the amplitude of the Master Signals module’s 2 kHz SINE output and record the

    measurement. (4Vp-p)

    8. Set the scope’s Mode control to the CH2 position.


    LAB REPORT 5

    9. Adjust the Adder module’s G control until its output voltage is the same as its input

    voltage (measured in step 7). This makes the gain for the Adder module’s A input-1.

    10. Reconnect the lead to the Adder module’s B input.

    11. Disconnect the lead to the Adder module’s A input.

    12. Adjust the Adder module’s g control until its output voltage is the same as its input

    voltage (measured in step 7). This makes the gain for the Adder module’s B input-1 and

    means the Adder module’s two inputs should have the same gain.

    13. Reconnect the lead to the Adder module’s A input. The set-up is now ready to implement

    the equation.

    Adder module output = 4Vp-p (2 kHz sine) + 4Vp-p (2 kHz sine)

    =8Vp-p (2 kHz sine)

    14. Set the scope’s mode control to the CH2 position.

    15. Measure the amplitude of the master signals module’s 2 kHz SINE output. Record your

    measurement in the table.

    16. Set the scope’s mode control to the CH2 position.

    17. Measure and record the amplitude of the Adder module’s output.

    18. Locate the phase shifter and set its phase change control to the 1800 position.

    19. Set the phase shifter module’s phase adjust control about the middle of its travel.

    20. Connect the set-up as shown in figure 4 below.


    LAB REPORT 6

    Figure 4

    Block diagram

    Figure 5

    21. Set the scope’s mode control to the DUAL position to view the shifter module’s output as

    well as the master signal module’s 2 kHz SINE output.

    22. Adjust the phase shifter module’s phase adjust control until the two signals look like they

    are 1800 out of phase with each other.

    23. Disconnect the scope’s channel 2 lead from the phase shifter module’s output and

    connect it to the adder module’s output.


    LAB REPORT 7

    24. Set the scope’s mode control to the CH 2 position.

    25. Measure the amplitude of the adder module’s output and record your measurement in the

    table.

    The following procedure can be used to adjust the adder and phase shifter modules so

    that the set-up has a null output. (Close to zero volts).

    26. Vary the phase shifter module’s phase adjust control left and right and observe the effect

    on the Adder module’s output.

    27. Vary the phase shifter module’s phase adjust control to obtain the smallest output

    voltage.

    28. Vary the Adder module’s g control left and right and observe the effect on the adder

    module’s output.

    29. Adjust the adder module’s g control to obtain the smallest output voltage.

    Results

    Disconnect the adder B input

    Peak-to-peak 3.698 V
    LAB REPORT 8

    Reconnect the adder B

    Peak to peak 3.612V


    LAB REPORT 9

    Disconnect the adder A

    Peak to peak 3.73V


    LAB REPORT 10

    Connected A and B back

    Peak to peak 3.601V

    Amp Total 3.601 V

    Amp Input -1.784 V

    Amp Output 1.817 V


    LAB REPORT 11

    Connected at B

    B gain output 1.838

    Input 1.687
    LAB REPORT 12

    Connected at Adder A and B


    LAB REPORT 13

    Output gain 1.838

    Input -1.795

    Discussion

    The Adder module’s measured output voltage is not exactly 8Vp-p as theoretically predicted.

    Firstly, the reason for this is because of the measurement error and secondly because the gains

    are not exactly-1. (Scopes are not accurately measuring instruments).

    The output of the two signals with a phase shift is not 0V as theoretically predicted since the

    phase difference between the Adder’s two inputs is not exactly 1800 ; and the gains are not

    exactly the same.


    LAB REPORT 14

    The phase shift between the signals on the Adder module’s output is much closer to 1800 (but not

    exactly 1800 ).

    The gain of the Adder module’s two inputs now are much closer to each other but they are still

    not exactly the same.

    Conclusion.

    Adding two same electrical signals, example;

    Adder module output = 4Vp-p (2 kHz sine) + 4Vp-p (2 kHz sine)

    =8Vp-p (2 kHz sine)

    Adding two electrical signals where one is phase shifted. Adder module output = 0Vp-p.

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