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    Obstetrics Mnemonics

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    Nariska Cooper
    This document contains numerous medical mnemonics and summaries on topics related to obstetrics and gynecology. It includes memory aids for preeclampsia symptoms, fetal positions, causes of abdominal pain during pregnancy, risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage, and more. All are intended to help remember important clinical information through short phrases and acronyms.

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    Obstetrics Mnemonics

    Uploaded by

    Nariska Cooper
    353 views17 pages
    This document contains numerous medical mnemonics and summaries on topics related to obstetrics and gynecology. It includes memory aids for preeclampsia symptoms, fetal positions, causes of abdominal pain during pregnancy, risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage, and more. All are intended to help remember important clinical information through short phrases and acronyms.

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    This document contains numerous medical mnemonics and summaries on topics related to obstetrics and gynecology. It includes memory aids for preeclampsia symptoms, fetal positions, causes of abdominal pain during pregnancy, risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage, and more. All are intended to help remember important clinical information through short phrases and acronyms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    353 views17 pages

    Obstetrics Mnemonics

    Uploaded by

    Nariska Cooper
    This document contains numerous medical mnemonics and summaries on topics related to obstetrics and gynecology. It includes memory aids for preeclampsia symptoms, fetal positions, causes of abdominal pain during pregnancy, risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage, and more. All are intended to help remember important clinical information through short phrases and acronyms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3/18/2018 8:23:00 AM

    Obstetrics Mnemonics - Biggest collection


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    Preeclampsia: classic triad

    PREeclampsia:

    Proteinuria
    Rising blood pressure
    Edema

    Female pelvis: shapes

    GAP:

    -In order from most to least common:


    Gynecoid
    Android /Anthropoid
    Platypelloid

    Abdominal pain: causes during pregnancy

    LARA CROFT:

    Labour
    Abruption of placenta
    Rupture (eg. ectopic/ uterus)
    Abortion
    Cholestasis
    Rectus sheath haematoma
    Ovarian tumour
    Fibroids
    Torsion of uterus
    RLQ pain: brief female differential

    AEIOU:

    Appendicitis/ Abscess
    Ectopic pregnancy/ Endometriosis
    Inflammatory disease (pelvic)/ IBD
    Ovarian cyst (rupture, torsion)
    Uteric colic/ Urinary stones

    Oral contraceptive complications: warning signs

    ACHES:

    Abdominal pain
    Chest pain
    Headache (severe)
    Eye (blurred vision)
    Sharp leg pain

    Post-partum haemmorrage (PPH): risk factors

    PARTUM:

    Polyhydroamnios/ Prolonged labour/ Previous cesarian


    APH/ ANTH
    Recent bleeding history
    Twins
    Uterine fibroids
    Multiparity
    Post-partum haemorrhage (PPH): causes

    4 'T's:

    Tissue (retained placenta)


    Tone (uterine atony)
    Trauma (traumatic delivery, episiotomy)
    Thrombin (coagulation disorders, DIC)

    Post-partum examination simplified checklist

    BUBBLES:
    Breast
    Uterus
    Bowel
    Bladder
    Lochia
    Episotomy
    Surgical site (for Cesarean section)

    Ovarian cancer: risk factors

    "Blue FILM":

    Breast cancer
    Family history
    Infertility
    Low parity
    Mumps
    Prenatal care questions

    ABCDE:

    Amniotic fluid leakage?


    Bleeding vaginally?
    Contractions?
    Dysuria?
    Edema?
    Fetal movement?

    Asherman syndrome features

    ASHERMAN:

    Acquired Anomaly
    Secondary to Surgery
    Hysterosalpingography confirms diagnosis
    Endometrial damage/ Eugonadotropic
    Repeated uterine trauma
    Missed Menses
    Adhesions
    Normal estrogen and progesterone

    investigations ,PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS,timings

    Uk-CAT
    U............USG...............6-40WKS.
    C...........CVS................9-12
    A..........AMNIOCENTESIS..15-18
    T............TRIPLE TEST.......16-18

    Gestation period, oocytes, vaginal pH, menstrual cycle: normal


    numbers

    4 is the normal pH of the vagina.


    40 weeks is the normal gestation period.
    400 oocytes released between menarche and menopause.
    400,000 oocytes present at puberty.
    28 days in a normal menstrual cycle.
    280 days (from last normal menstrual period) in a normal gestation period.

    CVS and amniocentesis: when performed

    "Chorionic" has 9 letters and Chorionic villus sampling performed at 9 weeks


    gestation.
    "AlphaFetoProtein" has 16 letters and it's measured at 16 weeks gestation.

    Spontaneous abortion: definition

    "Spontaneous abortion" has less than 20 letters [it's exactly 19 letters].


    Spontaneous abortion is defined as delivery or loss of products of conception
    at less than 20 weeks gestation.

    Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): causes, effects

    "PID CAN be EPIC":

    · Causes:
    Chlamydia trachomatis
    Actinomycetes
    Neisseria gonorrhoeae

    · Effects:
    Ectopic
    Pregnancy
    Infertility
    Chronic pain

    Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): complications

    I FACE PID:

    Infertility
    Fitz-Hugh-Curitis syndrome
    Abscesses
    Chronic pelvic pain
    Ectopic pregnancy
    Peritonitis
    Intestinal obstruction
    Disseminated: sepsis, endocarditis, arthritis, meninigitis

    B-agonist tocolytic (C/I or warning)

    ABCDE:

    Angina (Heart disease)


    BP high
    Chorioamnionitis
    Diabetes
    Excessive bleeding

    Secondary amenorrhea: causes

    SOAP:

    Stress
    OCP
    Anorexia
    Pregnancy

    Fetus: cardinal movements of fetus

    "Don't Forget I Enjoy Really Expensive Equipment":

    Descent
    Flexion
    Interal rotation
    Extension
    Restitution
    External rotation
    Expulsion

    Sexual response cycle

    EXPLORE:

    EXcitement
    PLateau
    Orgasmic
    REsolution

    Parity abbreviations (ie: G 3, P 2012)

    "To Peace And Love":


    T: of Term pregnancies
    P: of Premature births
    A: of Abortions (spontaneous or elective)
    L: of Live births
    · Describes the outcomes of the total number of pregnancies (Gravida).
    Alpha-fetoprotein: causes for increased maternal serum AFP during
    pregnancy

    "Increased Maternal Serum Alpha Feto Protein":

    Intestinal obstruction
    Multiple gestation/ Miscalculation of gestational age/ Myeloschisis
    Spina bifida cystica
    Anencephaly/ Abdominal wall defect
    Fetal death
    Placental abruption

    Alpha-fetoprotein: some major causes for increased maternal serum


    AFP during pregnancy

    TOLD:

    Testicular tumours
    Obituary (fetal death)
    Liver: hepatomas
    Defects (neural tube defects)

    Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB): 3 major causes

    DUB:

    Don't ovulate (anovulation: 90% of cases)


    Unusual corpus leuteum activity (prolonged or insufficient)
    Birth control pills (since increases progesterone-estrogen ratio)
    IUGR: causes

    IUGR:
    Inherited: chromosomal and genetic disorders
    Uterus: placental insufficency
    General: maternal malnutrition, smoking
    Rubella and other congenital infecton

    Early cord clamping: indications


    RAPID CS:
    Rh incompatibility
    Asphyxia
    Premature delivery
    Infections
    Diabetic mother
    CS (caesarian section) previously, so the funda is RAPID CS

    IUD: side effects

    PAINS:
    Period that is late
    Abdominal cramps
    Increase in body temperature
    Noticeable vaginal discharge
    Spotting

    Oral contraceptives: side effects

    CONTRACEPTIVES:

    Cholestatic jaundice
    Oedema (corneal)
    Nasal congestion
    Thyroid dysfunction
    Raised BP
    Acne/ Alopecia/ Anaemia
    Cerebrovascular disease
    Elevated blood sugar
    Porphyria/ Pigmentation/ Pancreatitis
    Thromboembolism
    Intracranial hypertension
    Vomiting (progesterone only)
    Erythema nodosum/ Extrapyramidal effects
    Sensitivity to light

    FORCEPS/VACUUM DELIVERY

    A - Anaesthesia/Assistance( anaesthetist, colleague,paediatrician) Think and


    prepare for shoulder dystocia
    B- Bladder empty
    C- Cervix fully dilated
    D- determine position
    E- Explain to the patient/ exit plan if it fails, ready for cesarean section
    F - Fontanelle ( to check position )
    G - Gentle traction
    H- Handle elevated for forceps
    Halt for vacuum ( no descent with 3 pulls, 3 times pop off )
    I - Incision/Episiotomy
    J- remove forceps when jaw visible

    Forceps: indications for delivery

    FORCEPS:

    Foetus alive
    Os dilated
    Ruptured membrane
    Cervix taken up
    Engagement of head
    Presentation suitable
    Sagittal suture in AP diameter of inlet

    Delivery: instrumental delivery prerequisites

    AABBCCDDEE:

    Analgesia
    Antisepsis
    Bowel empty
    Bladder empty
    Cephalic presentation
    Consent
    Dilated cervix
    Disproportion (no CPD)
    Engaged
    Episiotomy

    Indications of cesearian section

    MICE CAME
    M- Malpresentation
    I- Induction failure
    C- Cephalopelvic disproportion,contracted pelvis
    E - Eclampsia
    C- Cervical cancer
    A- antepartum hemorrhge(Abruptio, placenta previa)
    M- medical illness complicating pregnancy
    E- Elderly primi

    APGAR score components


    SHIRT:
    Skin color: blue or pink
    Heart rate: below 100 or over 100
    Irritability (response to stimulation): none, grimace or cry
    Respirations: irregular or good
    Tone (muscle): some flexion or active

    Postpartum collapse: causes

    HEPARINS:
    Hemorrhage
    Eclampsia
    Pulmonary embolism
    Amniotic fluid embolism
    Regional anaethetic complications
    Infarction (MI)
    Neurogenic shock
    Septic shock

    Multiple pregnancy complications

    HI, PAPA:
    Hydramnios (Poly)
    IUGR
    Preterm labour
    Antepartum haemorrhage
    Pre-eclampsia
    Abortion

    Omental caking: likeliest cause

    Omental CAking = Ovarian CA


    ---"Omental caking" is term for ascities, plus a fixed upper abdominal and
    pelvic mass. Almost always signifies ovarian cancer.

    Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): first line treatment


    Treat PCOS with OCP's (oral contraceptive pills).

    DYSTOCIA

    CAUSES:Remeber 4 Ps.
    Passenger (large baby)
    Passage (Abnormal Pelvis)
    Propulsion (uterine contraction)
    Proprotion (disproportion Cephalo-pelvic)

    Labour: factors which determine rate and outcome of labour

    3 P's:
    Power: stength of uterine contractions
    Passage: size of the pelvic inlet and outlet
    Passenger: the fetus--is it big, small, have anomalies, alive or dead

    Labour: preterm labor causes

    DISEASE:
    Dehydration
    Infection
    Sex
    Exercise (strenuous)
    Activities
    Stress
    Environmental factor (job, etc)
    Antepartum hemorrhage (APH): major differential

    APH:
    Abruptio placentae
    Placenta previa
    Hemorrhage from the GU tract

    Miscarriage: recurrent miscarriage causes

    RIBCAGE:
    Radiation
    Immune reaction
    Bugs (infection)
    Cervical incompetence
    Anatomical anomaly (uterine septum etc.)
    Genetic (aneuploidy, balanced translocation etc.)
    Endocrine

    Shoulder dystocia: management

    HELPER:
    Call for Help
    Episiotomy
    Legs up [McRoberts position]
    Pressure subrapubically [not on fundus]
    Enter vagina for shoulder rotation
    Reach for posterior shoulder and deliver posterior shoulder/ Return head into
    vagina [Zavanelli maneuver] for C-section/ Rupture clavicle or pubic
    symphisis
    Cardiotocogram (CTG) interpretation

    Dr. C. BraVADO
    Define Risk
    Contractions (in 10 mins)
    Baseline Rate (should be 110-160)
    Variability (should be greater than 5)
    Accelerations
    Decelerations
    Overall (normal or not)

    Diagonistic tests

    CAT
    C=CHORIONI VILOOUS SAMPLING=10-12wks. OF GEST. DONE
    A=AMINOCENTESIS=14-16wks.OF gest.
    T=Triple test(MSAFP)= -18wks.OF GA.

    PG E1 OR E2
    CERVIPRIME HAS TWO Es SO IT MUST BE PROSTAGLANDIN E2
    MISOPROSTOL - PG E1.

    Smallest Fetal Head Diameter

    MTP
    Bi-Mastoid-7.5
    Bi-Temporal-8.00
    Bi-Parietal-8.5
    3/18/2018 8:23:00 AM
    3/18/2018 8:23:00 AM

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