Hindawi Publishing Corporation

International Journal of Endocrinology

Volume 2016, Article ID 5415767, 2 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5415767

Editorial
Regulation of Lipid Metabolism and Beyond

Youngah Jo,1 Hiroaki Okazaki,2 Young-Ah Moon,3 and TongJin Zhao4

1
Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
2
Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
3
Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
4
School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China

Correspondence should be addressed to Youngah Jo; youngah.jo@utsouthwestern.edu

Received 17 April 2016; Accepted 18 April 2016

Copyright © 2016 Youngah Jo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

One of the worldwide health issues is the increasing number have an attention to, in particular, the settings of the post-
of obese population. In 1975 it was less than 100 million but prandial changes in the lipid profile by comparison of two
it reached 600 million in 2014 according to WHO report in obese groups of PCOS or non-PCOS. The study demonstrates
2015. More than one-third of adults and 17% of youth are that obese PCOS individuals have higher association with
obese in America [1, 2]. Obesity is one of the major risk factors insulin resistance and obesity when compared to the obese
for diverse human diseases and more and more research control non-PCOS group. Therefore the obesity in polycystic
papers are coming to dissect the mechanism and find new ovary syndrome should be considered as a risk factor and
therapeutic targets. This special issue has been opened to col- managed to reduce their cardiovascular disease burden.
lect recent studies on lipid metabolism including its regula- Another research article demonstrates the one possible
tion-dysregulation and new possible biomarkers that can be biomarker in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. The
used for diagnosis of obesity and other related diseases. Also it role of betatrophin is controversial [4, 5]. M. Yi et al.
includes reviews to focus on current studies about regulation measured the levels of betatrophin and observed that higher
mechanism of lipid metabolism. betatrophin level is related to the type 2 diabetes and reversely
Lipids play important roles in the body to store energy correlated with the HDL levels. It suggests betatrophin as a
and as the components of biological membranes, steroid hor- new marker for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in early stage.
mones, bile acids, vitamins, and so forth. They are supplied Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant health and
from diets or from the de novo synthesis in the liver. Fatty financial burden to our society that warrants new and more
acids mainly stored as triglycerides are the major energy effective therapies. Recent research has discovered novel
source for muscle and heart. However, the overproduction functions of HDL in the trafficking of microRNAs (miRNAs)
and accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue and other as a part of intercellular gene-regulation networks. It has
tissues are closely related to the human metabolic disorders. become clear in recent years that miRNAs are one of the
Disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis is also closely related many classes of noncoding regulatory small RNAs [6]. Here
to atherosclerosis. in this special issue the role of miR-378a has been described.
The lipids taken from diets are wrapped in chylomicrons It explains the biological basics and target genes of miR-
to be mobilized to liver or peripheral tissues. Many lines of 378a and the roles of miR-378a in lipid metabolism, muscle
studies have demonstrated the postprandial hypertriglycer- biology, and proangiogenic effect on blood vessel formation.
idemia as one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Another review article is describing the role of FTO gene,
obese individuals [3]. However it has been unclear why obese which is associated with obesity in humans and has been
patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have identified as the first gene related to obesity in human from
higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases. T. K. Tun et al. the genome-wide association study. The review is explaining
2 International Journal of Endocrinology

how the SNP of FTO gene in intron 1 regulates the expression

of various genes to increase adiposity in various tissues during
developmental stages.
As the role of adipose tissue has shed light on the studies
of obesity-related diseases, one review article is demonstrat-
ing the role of various adipokines in many metabolic diseases.
E. Kantorová et al. have summarized the role of adipokines in
neurological diseases.
The complication of dyslipidemia is also related to the
inflammatory processes involved in the pathogenesis of
atherosclerosis. M. Koren-Gluzer et al. are demonstrating
the anti-inflammatory role of paraoxonase 2 in induction of
polarization of macrophage to M2 state using a knockout
mice model of paraoxonase 2.
There are many factors that regulate lipid metabolism.
This special issue is representing basic research and clinical
works using a small number of samples and reviews of current
studies. However it will provide a line of data to make many
people understand the mechanism of lipid regulation and to
develop new possible biomarkers or drugs to advance our
human life.
Youngah Jo
Hiroaki Okazaki
Young-Ah Moon
TongJin Zhao

References
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index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of
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[2] C. L. Ogden, M. D. Carroll, B. K. Kit, and K. M. Flegal,
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[3] A. Pirillo, G. D. Norata, and A. L. Catapano, “Postprandial
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[4] K. H. Kaestner, “Betatrophin—romises fading and lessons
learned,” Cell Metabolism, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 932–933, 2014.
[5] M. Abu-Farha, D. Sriraman, P. Cherian et al., “Circulating
ANGPTL8/betatrophin is increased in obesity and reduced
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e0147367, 2016.
[6] S. Vienberg, J. Geiger, S. Madsen, and L. T. Dalgaard, “MicroR-
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