Qingdao Haiwan Bridge: Construction Started: 6 January 2004

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Qingdao Haiwan Bridge

Construction start late 2007

Construction end early 2011

Construction cost CN¥10 to 55 billion

Qingdao Haiwan Bridge, also known as Jiaozuo Bay Bridge, is the world’s longest bridge over
water at 41.58 km (25.84 miles). It connects the city of Qingdao in Eastern China with the
Huangdao suburbs, across the water of Jiaozuo Bay. The bridge was designed by the Shandong
Gaosu Group, and it took four years to build, with at least 10,000 workers employed for its
construction.

Burj Khalifa

Construction started: 6 January 2004

Completed Intended: September 2008; Revised: 2 December 2009

Opened: 4 January 2010

Cost: USD $ 1.5 billion

As the tallest structure in the world, standing at 829.8 meters, Burj Khalifa in Dubai was designed
as the centrepiece for a new development called Downtown Dubai. The building was named in
honour of the ruler of Dubai and president of the United States Arab Emirates. It was designed by
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM), and the design is inspired by the patterns and structures in
Islamic architecture. The structure cost $1.5 billion to build. At the time of its opening in 2010, it
had the highest observational deck in the world. The building has even featured in popular culture,
as it can be seen in 2016 film, ‘Independence Day: Resurgence’. Burj Khalifa has broken numerous
other records, including building with most floors at 211 and it has received immensely positive
reception.

English Channel Tunnel


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Opened: 6 May 1994 (tunnel)

1 June 1994 (freight)

14 November 1994 (passenger service)

Cost: astounding £9 billion

Operating speed: 160 kilometers per hour (99 mph)

The channel tunnel links Folkestone, Kent in the UK with Coquilles, Pas-de-Calais in northern
France. Despite Japan’s Seikan tunnel being longer overall, the channel tunnel has the longest
undersea portion of any tunnel in the world. It carries high-speed Eurostar passenger trains, as well
as Eurotunnel shuttle for road vehicles, which is the largest transport system in the world. It the
most expensive construction project ever at the time.

Golden Gate Bridge

Construction start: January 5, 1933

Construction end: April 19, 1937

Opened: May 27, 1937

Cost: $27 million

The Golden Gate Bridge is often considered one of the most beautiful bridges in the world. This
$27 million project is a suspension bridge that spans the golden gate strait, connecting the city of
San Francisco to Marin County. It opened in 1937 and was until 1964, the longest suspension
bridge in the world. The bridge is one of the most recognized and influential symbols of the United
States.

Hoover Dam

Purpose: Power, flood control, water storage, regulation, recreation

Construction began: 1931


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Opening date: 1936

Construction cost $49 million

Constructed during the Great Depression, the Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the
Black Canyon of the Colorado River. The construction of the Hoover Dam claimed hundreds of
workers’ lives, and impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States. The dam is
named after President Herbert Hoover, and it took five years to build and cost around $49 million.

Brooklyn Bridge

Construction began: 3rd January 1870

Opened: May 24, 1883

Cost: $15.5 million

The Brooklyn Bridge is one of the oldest bridges in the United States, and it’s both a suspension
and cable-stayed bridge. Completed in 1883, it connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn
by spanning the East River. The bridge was initially designed by German engineer, John August
Roebling, but due to his death, he was replaced by his son, Washington Roebling who took charge
of the project. Since it opened, it has become a historic icon of New York City, and was designated
a historic landmark in 1964.

Great Wall of China

Built: 15th-16th century

Cost: $13billion and $65 billion.

With a history of more than 2,000 years, many sections of the Great Wall of China are in ruins,
but it is still one of the greatest wonders of the world, and an immensely popular tourist attraction.
The Great Wall stretches from Dandong in the east to Lop lake in the west. The entire wall with
all its different branches, measures out to be 13, 171 miles. It isn’t possible to know exactly how
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much the wall would have cost to build, but modern calculation say it would be somewhere
between $13billion and $65 billion.

Great Pyramid of Giza

Constructed: c. 2580–2560 BC

Cost: $5 billion

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It is the
oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex, bordering El Giza, Egypt.
It is believed that the pyramid was built as a tomb for the fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh, Khufu
and was constructed over a twenty-year period. It is believed by many that Khufu’s vizier, Hemon,
or Hemiunu, is the architect who designed the pyramid. It remained the tallest man-made structure
in the world for over 3,800 years. Also, experts estimate that it would cost around $5 billion to
build a replica today.

London Cross Rail

Construction began: 2009

Construction End: 2018

Cost: $23 billion

London's Cross rail project will seek to do beneath the British capital's bustling streets and out into
its sprawling suburbs.

The 73-mile rail project will connect London from East to West, improving access to Heathrow
Airport, central London as well as city's surrounding towns and suburbs.

Work began in 2009 and the first trains could be in operation as early as 2018. More than 8,000
people are involved in the project working across 40 separate construction sites.
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Etihad Rail Network

Construction began: June 2009

Opened: 2016

Cost: $11 billion

The 1,200 kilometer Etihad Rail network will extend across the desert hinterland of the United
Arab Emirates, from the border of Saudi Arabia in the west to the frontiers of Oman in the east.

Costing $11 billion and taking in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and all of the Northern Emirates, developers
hope the freight and passenger project will eventually join up with an international rail network
covering Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman and Qatar.

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